Qazirgi kýni qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli dini retinde «arab dәstýrshildigi» uaghyzdalyp keledi. Ári búl jol qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymynyng negizi retinde jәne birden bir dúrys jol retinde kórsetilude. Ásirese, әruaq pen әuliyege qatysty qalyptasqan «Allagha serik qosu» mәselesi ózin dinge senemin, músylmanmyn deytin jastardyng kópshiligining sanasyn jaulap ýlgerdi.

Diny senim men tanymdaghy búl ózgeristerding búlay beleng aluy qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymynyng negizderin tolyghymen shayyp barady. Búl ertengi kýni qazaq halqynyng islamdyq diny salt-dәstýrining tolyghymen kiyelilik sipatynan ajyrtyp, halyq sanasynan óshuine әkeletin qauipti qúbylysqa ainalyp otyr.  Egerde búl baghyt ary qaray jalghasa beretin bolsa, onda qazaq halqynyng diny tanymy tolyghymen ózgeriske týsip, qazaq halqy jana diny tanymgha ylayyq jana mәdeniyet qalyptastyrugha mәjbýr bolady. Osyghan baylanysty qazirgi bizdegi negizgi diny baghyt retinde qabyldanyp otyrghan «arab dәstýrshildiginin» qalyptasu kezeni men  sebepterine qatysty tarihy derekterdi algha shygharu qazirgi qajettiligi tuyndap otyr. Endigi kezekte, osy mәseleni terenirek zerttep, tarihyn jazghan týrik ghalymdarynyng pikirine jol bereyik.  

Ahl al-Hadis tobynyng qalyptasuy

Ahl al-Hadis sýnnet pen eskiden alghan әngimelerdi negizge alghan, dәstýrshil diny týsinikti joghary qoyghan toptyng aty bolatyn. Olar Islamnyng negizi bolyp tabylatyn Qúran men Payghambar sýnneti jәne sahabalar men tabiindardyng aitqandaryn negizge alyp, solardy ghana islamdyq tanymnyng negizi etti. Búlardyng tysynda qalghan jeke kózqaras pen aqyl dәlelderdi qoldanugha qarsy boldy. Islamnyng ekinshi ghasyry ortasynda qalyptasqan búl tanym jýiesi Ahl al-Hadiys, Ahl as-sunna nemese ashab al-hadis dep ataldy.

Hijranyng II/VIII ghasyr ortasynda Islam dýniyesinde harijiyler, murjiy‘a, shiy‘a, qadariya/mughtazila siyaqty kóptegen aghymdar ortagha shyqty jәne olardyng bir bóligi әli qalyptasu ýstinde edi. Búl aghymdardyng shyghuymen Islamgha jana pikirler (biydghat) men kózqarastar dýniyege keldi. Búryn pikirtalastarda sóz bolmaghan taqyryptar kýn tәrtibine shyqty. Búryndary tek Kitap pen sýnnet shenberinde qoldanylatyn aqyl men rey (kózqaras), qias, endi týrli mәselelerdi sheshude kóp qoldanylatyn negiz retinde qarastyryla bastady.

Shiy‘alar imamat taqyrybyn, murjiy‘iyler iman mәselesin, múghtazila bes negiz taqyrybyn jәne aqyldy, birsypyra jaghdaylarda aqylmen tabylghan dәlelderdi jiyi-jii qoldana bastady. Jәne búl mәselede airyqsha atap ótiletin mәsele – búl baghyttaghy óz pikirlerine jәrdem beru niyetimen keybir mazhab ókilderi birsypyra hadisti oidan shygharu әreketine de bardy.

Búl qiasqa qatysty pikir qayshylyghy nәtiyjesinde islam qoghamy ishinde tanym negizderi әrtýrli toptardy ortagha shyghardy.

Onyng ýstine músylmandardyng shetjerlik mәdeniyetpen jaqyndasuy basqa diny jәne filosofiyalyq baghyttar arasyndaghy pikirtalastyng shyghyp, qonglanuy, Abbasy biyleushilerining shiy‘a, murjiy‘a men zeydiya aghymdarymen jaqyndasuy, búl shenber tysynda qalghandardyng tarapynan qatty qarsylyqqa úshyrady. Búl Islam dýniyesindegi pikir qayshylyghynyng shyghuymen qatar, hadisti jaqtaushylardyng qarsylyghyn tudyrdy jәne osy qarsylyqtyng nәtiyjesinde olardyng belgili topqa biriguine yqpal etti.   Búl jaghdaylar ahl-y sýnnet jaqtastarynyng jeke baghyt retinde qalyptasuyna әkeldi. Shyndyghynda búl baghyt ahl-y hadis tarapynan qúryldy jәne olar barlyq baghyttargha qarsy kýreste ahl-y sýnnetting tu ústaushylyghyn qoldaryna aldy.

Harijiylik, murjiya, shiya, mutazila siyaqty ruhany ústanymdarynyng birligi negizinde úiymdasqan toptar men sayasy mýdde túrghysynan toptasqan toptargha qarsy soqqy beretin úiymdasqan kýsh retinde ortagha shyqqan Ahl-y hadis ókilderi músylmandardy bólshekteuden saqtau ýshin qoghamdyq ómirding iydealy retinde Payghambar zamanyn aldy jәne qoghamdy soghan úqsas formada birlik pen tútastyq negizinde qalyptastyrudy maqsat etti. Búl sebepten olarda Kitapqa say, sheshimin Payghambar hadisteri men sahabalar men tabiinderding sózderin bir jerge jinap, taqyryptargha qaray toptastyryp, negizgi kózqarasty hadisterge negizdep, sol ruhany negizge úlastyrudy maqsaty boldy. Kitap pen hadiske negizdelmegen kózqarasty (qiasty) qabyl etpegen jәne onday kózqarasty qoldaytyndardy synaytyn top ortagha shyqty.

Jalpy Islam derek kózderinde ahl-hadiys, ashab al-asar, sahib as-sunna ókilderine, olardyng kózqarastaryna kóp oryn bólingen. Búl túlghalardyng ómirin zerttegende búl baghyt ókilderining II ghasyr basynan III ghasyr basyna deyingi aralyqta ómir sýrgenin kóruge bolady.

Baghdattaghy mughtazila ókilderi men ahl-y hadis ókilderi arasyndaghy bolghan pikirtalastar tartysynda búl baghyttyng kýshti bir formada bolghanyn jәne olardyng ózderining sonynan ergendermen teng dәrejede bolghandyghyn kóremiz. Sol kezende Baghdattaghy ahl-y hadis ghúlamalarynan Abu Ubeyd Qasym bin Seliym, Abu Ibrahim Halid jәne Ahmed bin Hanbal bar edi.

Keybir derekter mughtaziyla, harijy murjiya, sabeya, shiia toptarynda bolmaghandardyng negizgi úiystyrushy kýshi sahib as-sunna bolghandyghy olargha ahl as-sunna jәne sahib as-sunna ua jamagha aty berilgendigi, olardyng ishindegi az ghana bóligining ahl al-hadis ókilderi bolghandyghy jazylghan.

Búl atalghan toptarda sýnnet sózi «biydghatqa» qarsy degen maghynada qoldanyldy. Múnday atpen negizgi qúrylym ishinde «sahib as-sunna jәne jamagha» jәne basqa attarmen tanylghan keybir toptar bolghandyghy aitylady. Al ahl-y hadis olardyng ishinde erekshe top bolghandyghy atap kórsetiledi.

Ahl-y hadis tek hadisterdi jinaushy jәne anyzdardy kóshirushimen ghana ainalysqan kәsiby top emes edi. Búl top ózderining kózqarasyn qorghay jýrip, sol  joldaghy pikirtalastar men tartystarda ósip, jetildi. Maqalat pen týrli anyzdarda ahl-y hadisti mughtazila, murjiya, harijiyler, shiia siyaqty Islamnyng senim jýiesindegi ortagha shyqqan tәuelsiz bir senimdik mazhab retinde murjianyng nemese ahl as-sunnattyng bir tómengi toby retinde eske alynady.

Sunnany jaqtaushylardan shyqqan Ashary (324/935) músylmandardy on topqa bóledi jәne olardy harijiyler, murjiya, shiya jәne mughtazila dep atap kórsetip, olardyng qataryna ashab al-hadisti de qosady. Sonymen qosa Ashab al-hadis pen ahl-y sýnnetting senimdik kózqarastaryna arnayy oryn bóledi.

Halif Mamun kezenindegi Qúrannyng jaratylghandyghy turaly pikirtalastar jәne osyghan baylanysty jasalghan qysym men zúlymdyq, sunny toptar ishinen aqyldy paydalanudy teristegen, tek mәtindi negizge alatyn kózqarasty ústanghan topty algha shyghardy.

Ahl-y hadisting júldyzy Mutauakkil kezeninen bastap jarqyray bastady. Osy kezende Ahmad ibn Hanbal «(241/855) jәne Abd al-Aziz al-Makky (239/854) ahl-y hadis ókilderining mutazilagha qarsy toptyng basynda boldy.

Ahl-hadis Islamnyng iman, ghibadat, ahlaq jәne basqa ghibadattardy bir-birinen aiyrudyng mýmkin emestigin qolgha alu ýstinde boldy. Sol sebepten, olardyng jazghan «Kitab al-asar» atty enbekterinde iman, aqida, ahlaq, ghibadat siyaqty qúlshylyq týrleri bir-birinen ajyramas, býtin retinde qarastyryldy. Ahl-y hadisting kózqarastary tauhiyd, iman men ýlken kýnә, adamnyng әrekti men taghdyr, imamat pen sayasat, biydghat jәne basqa taqyryptarda toptastyryldy. Olargha kózqarastarynda qaraghanda Alla bir jәne odan basqa Tәnir joq. Ázireti Múhammed Onyng Elshisi, nәbii әri qúly. Allanyng búdan basqa da esimderi bar. Iman niyet jәne amaldan túrady. Taghy bir negizgi anyqtamada iman – tilmen aityp, moyynúsynu, jýrekpen bekitu, dene mýshelerimen amal etu.  Iman Islamnan basqa nәrse. Amaldar imannyng bóligi. Búlardyng jiyntyghy 70 bólikten(qaldyq) asady. Iman artar jәne azayar. Imandy «Alla qalasa, men mýminmyn jәne ýmit etermin. Men mýmiymin» degen formada ereje boyynsha aituy kerek. Jer jýzinde jasalghan jaqsylyq pen zúlymdyqtyng barlyghy Alladan. Árbir nәrse Onyng qalauymen bolar. Ár jaratylghannyng bir ajaly bar. Payghambar serikterining eng abzaldary kezegimen Ázireti Abu Bәkir, Ázireti Omar, Ázireti Ospan, Ázireti Aly bolatyn. Ázireti Payghambardan songhy adamdardyng ishindegi eng jogharylary de osy tórteui bolatyn. Kitap pen sýnnete ne әmir etilse, soghan moyynúsynyp, nege tyiym salsa, olardan qashatyn. Din basshylary bolghan salaftargha moyynúsynatyn edi.

Ahl-y hadis kózqarastaryn Ahmet Hanbaldyng shәkirtteri Siriya, Arab týbegi, Horasan, Mauarannahr ólkelerine, Imam Malikting shәkirtteri arqyly Andalusiyaagha, Imam Shafy jaqtastarynyng Mysyr men Soltýstik Afrika men taghy basqa Islam ólkelerine tarady. Shafiylik, beligili bir ólkede Malikiylik, belgili bir uaqyttan sonra ahl-y sýnneting kalamdyq baghyty bolghan Ashariylikti qabyldady jәne tarihta onymen birge boldy. Senimdik jәne kalamdyq jýiemen birlikte ókil bolghan hanbaliylik ahl-y hadisting eng negizgi shekten shyqqan toby bolyp qaldy.

Ahl-y sýnnetting pikir shenberi (diniy-tanymdyq kózqarasnyng qalyptasuy)  

Ahl-y sýnneting sayasi, kalamdyq, filosofiyalyq, metafizikalyq, sopylyq, fiyhqtyq kózqarastary uaqyt óte qalyptasyp, ornyqty. Ahl-y sýnnetting tarihy qalyptasuynda tarihiy-sayasy tәjriybe men billeushiler manyzdy roli atqardy. Ahl-y sýnnetting sayasy shenberin anyqtaghan eki manyzdy pikir bar edi: Birinshisi, Ázireti Payghambardan keyin alghashqy zandy halifanyn  Ázireti Abu Bәkir, odan keyin Ázireti Omar, Ázireti Ospan, Ázireti Aliyding kezegimen boluy búlardyng tarihy dәuirinin  izgilik kezeni bolghandyghy turaly pikir edi. Ekinshisi, Jamal jәne Siffin soghysynda ólgenderden  Allanyng aqyrette esebin alady degen ýkim men sahabalardyng músylmandarmen soghysyp, óltirgeni ýshin kәpirge shygharylmauy jәne olar turaly jaman sóz aitugha bolmaydy degen pikirding qalyptasuy edi. Múnyng artynan keybir erekshelikteri bolsa da, negizinen imam men halifalargha mýmin de bolsa, pasyq ta bolsa da moyynsynu kerektigi turaly pikirdin  qalyptasuy, qoghamnyng túraqtylyghyn saqtau túrghysynan aqida kitaptarynda manyzdy oryn aldy.

Imamat/ halifat turaly eng kýshti pikirtalastar men qaqtyghystar negizinde ortalyq diny top pen shiyalar, keyde harijiyler arasynda boldy. Ahl-y sýnnetting sayasy kózqarastary harijiylik pen shiyalargha qarsy, solardyng biylikke talasyna tosqauyl qoyatynday maqsatta qalyptastyryldy jәne kóbine olar kýndelikti sayasy tartysty sóz etpey, onyng ornyna tarihtaghy tarihy oqighalardy aitqandy dúrys kórdi. Halif shyndyq iyesi bolatyn adamdardyng beyat pen saylauda is basyna keluimen qorghalsa da, «Imamdardyng Qúraysh taypasynan boluy» anyzy negiz retinde qabyl etip, halifalardyng qúrayysh taypasynan bolu sharty bekitildi.

Ahl-y sýnnetting qúrylymdyq jýiesin qalyptastyrghan kalam ghylymynyng negizgi sharttary qalyptasqansha ahl-y sýnnet  tarapynan imamnyng bekitilui men erkimen iske asyryluy, kýpir men  imanynyng bir-birine qarsy boluy, ýlken kýnnәnyng kýpirge shygharylmaytyny, ýlken kýni istegen jannyng dinnen shygharylmauy, jaqsylyq pen zúlymdyqtyng Alladan boluy siyaqty kózqarastar qabyldandy. Erte kezden bastap búghan berik bolmasa da «ahl-y qybla kәpige shygharylmaydy» degen  tújyrym qabyldanyp, bekitildi. Adam balasynyng sheksiz erkindigi turaly birshama pikir, negiz retinde teristeldi. Búl ústanymdar negizinen harijiylerding kýpirge shygharu jәne mughtazilanyng «ýlken kýnә istegen ne kәpir, ne músylman emes» degen tújyrym negizine qarsy jasalghan edi jәne ol ahl-y sýnnetting aiyrmas bólshegi retinde qabyldandy.  Hijranyng ekinshi jәne ýshinshi  ghasyrlarynda Allanyng sipattarynyng jәne onyng zatynyng birdey nemese olay emestigi turaly jәne Qúrannyng qoldan jazylmaghandyghy turaly negizder ahl-y sýnnetting ajyramas bólshegine ainaldy.

Jalpy Ahl-y snnet qúramyna kiretin Rey jaqtastary men ahl al-hadis tarapynan jazylghan alghashqy derkkózderindegi aqida negizderi jazbalarynda baptar toptastyrylyp, bylaysha tizilgenin kóruge bolady:

1. Iman Allanyng barlyghy men birligine, Payghambarlarynyng Allanyng tarapynan jiberilgendigin tolyghymen qabyl etu.
2. Iman negizderi Allagha, perishtelerine, kitaptaryna, elshilerine, ólgennen keyin qayta tirilip, jauap beruge, jaqsylyq pen jamandyq, ashylyq pen tәttilik taghdyrgha senumen qalyptasar.
3. Alla bireu, odan basqa qúday joq, ol esh nәrsegen múhtaj emes, ...
4. Allanyng esimderi bar, biraq olar Allanyng basqa nәrse ekendigin bildirmeydi. Ol biledi, esitedi, kóredi, qúdiret iyesi. Allanyng búl sipattary jaratqan qúldarynyng sipattaryna úqsamaydy.
5. Ázireti Múhammet Onyng Elshisi, Payghambary jәne qúly.
6. Qúran Allanyng sózi jәne qoldan jaratylghan emes.
7. Jer jýzindegi barlyq jaqsylyq pen jamandyq Alladan jәne әr bir nәrse onyng qalauymen bolar.
8. Alladan basqa Jaratushy joq. Qúldarynyng jaqsy jәne jaman әreketterining barlyghyn jaratqan bir Alla. Qúldar esh nәrseni jaratugha qabiletti emes.
9. Mýminderdi moyynúsyndyryp, baqytqa bólegen, kәpirlerding ayaqtaryn janylys bastyrghan bir Alla.
10. Mýminder kózderimen aidy kórgendey, aqyret kýni Allany kóredi. Kәpirler bolsa kórmeydi.
11.  Qúblagha moyynúsynghan eshbir adam zina, úrlyq jәne basqa jaman isterdi istegen kýnalary ýshin  dinnen shygharylmaydy. Olar bile túryp, ýlken kýnә isteytin bolsa da, biraq olardyng imandary mýmin bolyp qalady. Tauhid pen yqylaspen ólgen bolsa, Alla ony qalasa ony keshirer, qalasa kýnәsyna layyq azabyn berer. Alayda, ony mәngilikke tozaghynda qaldyrmas.
12.  Ýlken kýnә iyesining tozaqtyq bolatyndyghyna, Tauhidke moyynúsynghandardyng peyishtik bolatyndyghyna ýkim etilmes. Búlardyng jaghdayy Allanyng erkinde.
13.  Allanyng Elshisining shapaghaty men qabir azaby ras. Shapaghat ýlken kýnә istegender ýshin jasalady.
14.  Hauyz, kәusar, qyl kópir Allanyng qúldarynan esep aluy shyn.
15.  Allanyng Payghambaryna serik bolghan alghashqy músylmandargha qúrmet kórsetilip, olardyng ýlken, kishi kýnәlary synalmaydy jәne balaghattaugha bolmaydy.
16.  Ashabtyng eng jogharghylary tizimine Ázireti Abu Bәkir, Ázireti Omar, Ázireti Ospan jәne Ázireti Aly kiredi. Ázireti Payghambardyng songhy adamdardyng ishindegi adamgershiligi mol, izgileri osy tórt halifalar edi.
17.  Ayt namazdary, júma namazdary jәne jamaghat namazdardary әdepti nemese әdepsiz imamnyng artynan oqyla beredi.
18.  Mәsining ýstine mәsih tartu sýnnet jәne saparda, túrghan jerinde qoldanuyna bolady.
19.  Músylman basshylarynyng tabysty, bay boluy ýshin dúgha etiledi.
20.  Payghambardyng miyghraj sapary shyn.
21.  Mýnkir Nәnkir shyn.
22.  Ahl-y qyblanyng әdepti jәne әdepsiz adamdaryna janaza namazy oqylady.
23.  Peyish pen tozaq shyn. Ekeui de jaratylghan. Qiamet kýni shýbәsiz bolady.
24.  Ólgen de, óltirgen de ajalymen óledi. Árbir jaratylghannyng ajaly bar.
25.  Qúldardyng iyelik etken rizyghynyng barlyghy, aram bolsyn, adal bolsyn, Alladan.  
26.  Jamaghattan airylmau jәne birlik pen yntymaqty búzugha bolmaydy.

Biz Ahl as-sunna ua-l jamaghanyng eki baghyty Abu Hanifa negizin salghan Hanafy mazhaby men Ahl-y sunna toptarynyng qalyptasu tarihyna arnalghan qysqasha taldaugha toqtaldyq. Osy taldaudyng ózi eki baghyty arasynda óte ýlken aiyrmashylyqtar bar ekendigine kóz jetkizdik. Abu Hanifa bastaghan Ahl ar-Ray tobynyng Qúran men Sýnnetke ghana sýienbey, búl eki qaynarda sheshimi tabylmaghan mәselelerdi sheshude aqyldy da paydalandy. Jәne aqylmen tabylghan sheshimderdi erkin qoldanatyn edi. Sonymen qatar, Abu Hanifa bastaghan top, iman-senim mәselelerin negizdeude aqyldy qoldanu arqyly kalam ghylymyn da damytty. Hidjazdaghy ahl-y sýnnet ókilderi Abu Hanifa men onyng serikterin Qúran men hadis shenberinen shyghyp, kýrdeli mәselelerdi sheshude aqyldy qoldanghany «biydghat» (janalyq qosu) jәne adasqandyghy ýshin aiyptaytyn. Mysaly, Maliky mazhabynyng negizin salghan Imam Maliyk: «Kim dindi kalam jolymen ýirenetin bolsa, oiyna kelgenin aitar» degen pikirde boldy. Al, shafiy mazhabynyng negizin salushy Imam Shafy bolsa, «Islam dini turaly kalam kitaptarynan paydalanugha bolmaydy. Sebebi, kalam ilim retinde qabyldanghan emes» degen pikirde boldy. Hanbaly mazhabynyng negizin qalaghan Ahmet Hanbal bolsa, «Kalammen shúghyldanghandardyng jýrek pen sanalarynyng azghyndaghandyghy nazar audartady,-dedi.[1] Olar qalayda, Islamdaghy arab halqynyng ruhaniy-mәdeny yqpalyn saqtap qalghysy keldi. Alayda olardyng búl әreketi islam dinining ishki quatyn shekteytinderin oilamady. Olar oilau, oilanu islamgha keri yqpalyn tiygizedi degen týsinikte boldy. Al, islam dinin qabyldaghan arab emes halyqtargha Islam men Qúrannyng ishki mazmúnyn bilu qajettigi barlyghyn, sol arqyly Islamnyng úlylyghyna bas iyerin týsinbedi. Jalpy, ahl ar-Ray tobynyng baghytyn halafiya dep atady. Búl basqasha aitqanda «Islamgha sonynan kirgender» joly degendi bildiretin edi.

Abu Hanifa bolsa, qogham ishinde tuyndaghyn mәselelerdi ushyqtyrmay sheshu maqsatynda ol onday sharalargha bardy. Alayda, onyng baghytyn Hidjazdaghy Ahl-hadiys, ahl-y sýnnet ókilderi qabyldaghan joq. Olar barynsha Abu Hanifa jolyn aiyptaumen ketti. 

Al, ahl-y hadis bolsa, Ázireti Payghambardyng bir hadiysindegi «Eng qayyrly, jaqsy nәsil bolatyndar músylmandar ishindegi «alghashqy salih nәsilderim» degen bolatyn. Olar osyny negizge ala otyryp, sahabalar men tabiynder kezindegi Islam qoghamyn qalyptastyrudy maqsat etti jәne ol joldy «salafiya» joly dep atady. Ol halaftardyng jolyn Qúran men sýnnettten alystatatyn jol dep týsindi. Olar sonymen qatar, sopylyq, taqualyq joldardy da biydghat jәne adasushylyq retinde baghalady.[2] Ahl-y hadis tobyna shafiya, malikiya, hanbaliya mazhabtary kiretin edi.

Búl eki baghyt arasyndaghy qayshylyq hijranyng tórtinshi ghasyrynyng sonyna deyin jalghasty. Búl eki baghytty alghash biriktirmek bolghan Imam Maturidy men Imam Ashary boldy. Odan keyin mazhabtar tarihynyng belgili túlghalary Abd al-Qadyr Baghdady men Shahristany boldy. Alayda, búl eki baghyt arasyndaghy aiyrmashalyq onymen joyylyp ketken joq. Kerisinshe, mezgil-mezgil shyghyp, qaqtyghysqa týsip otyrdy. Alghashqy kórinis berui, ahl-y hadis ókilderining bel alyp, jalpy Islam әlemine yqpalyn jýrgizgen kezeni V/X-VII/XIII ghgh. arasy boldy. Búl kezende býkil Islam әlemi toqyraugha týsip, ishtey qyrqys dәuirin basynan keshirdi. Búl kezende sopylyq tariqattardyng Islamnyng negizi-Imandy qayta qalpyna keltirui ghana islam dinining qaytadan ruhany kýshke ainaluyna mýmkindik berdi. Búl hanafy mazhaby shenberinde, Abu Hanifanyng din men sharighatty bólip qarastyruynyng arqasynda mýmkin boldy. Búl kezende sopylyq tariqattardyng shyghuymen Islamdy qabyldaghan halyqtar ózderining dәstýrli mәdeniyettterin qaytadan qalpyna keltirgen bolatyn. Mine týrik ghalymdary «arab dәstýrshidiginin»  qalyptasuyn osylaysha bayandaydy. Endigi kezekte osy «arab dәstýrshildigi» bizge qalay keldi degen súraqqa qysqasha jauap berip kórelik.

«Arab dәstýrshildiginin» qazaq dalasyna kelui Resey imperiyasynyng qazaq dalasyn dini-iydeologiyalyq túrghydan iygeru ýshin qoldanghan sayasatymen baylanysty bolatyn. Qazaq halqy ózining dәstýrli diny tanymy ayasynda qalatyn bolsa, onaylyqpen moyyn úsyna qoymaytynyn sezingen otarshyldar qazaqtyng diny senim negizderi men diny tanymyn ózgertu kerektigin týsindi. Ol ýshin 1756 jyldan bastap, diny basqarma ashyp, arnayy qazaq dalasy ýshin Ufa qalasynda medresede moldalar dayyndata bastaghan. Kerek dese, ol kezde әli Qazaq handyghy ydyrymaghan kezi bolatyn. Resey otarshyldary ózderine moyynúsynghan jerlerge osy moldalardy jibere otyryp, qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymyn ózgertuge kýsh saldy. Ol moldalar qazaq arasynda «zakaznoy moldalar» dep ataldy. Olardyng әrekettermen qazaq ziyalylary jýz elu jylday kýresti. Kenes ókimeti ornaghan song ateistik kezeng kelgeni belgili. 1943 jyly Stalinning sheshimen meshitter qayta ashylghanda, búl jýie qayta jalghasyn tapty. Sol kezdegi Orta Aziya halyqtary ýshin Tashkentte ashylghan Diny Basqarma basshylyghyna kelgen Babahan qary qanday baghytta bolghanyn bilmeymin. Ol kisi qaytys bolghan son, onyng ornyna otyrghan onyng úly Ziauddin Babahanov Orta Aziyagha alghash Kenes ókimetining kómegimen uahhabiylikti әkelgen Shamy damullanyng shәkirti bolatyn. Búl kisi Kenes ókimetine de, uahhabiylerge de adal qyzmet etken siyaqty. Ol úzaq jyldar boyy Kenes ókimeti men Saud Arabiyasy arasyndaghy jalghastyrushy jalghyz kópir boldy. Kenes ókimetining kezinde uahhabiylik әdebiyetting Orta Aziyagha dendep enuine sol kisining ýlesi bolghandyghyna dau joq. Jәne Kenes ókimetining uahhabiylik iydeologiyanyng músylmandar arasyna keninen taraluyna mýddeli bolghandyghyn, sol arqyly músylman halyqtaryn dәstýli mәdeniyetinen ajyratu maqsatynda bolghandyghyn da aituymyz kerek. Kenes ókimeti ydyraghan song Ózbekstan jerinde uahhabiylikting birden beleng alyp ketui osynday faktorlarmen tikeley baylanysty. Qazirgi elimizdegi meshitter sol patshaly Reseyden bastau alyp, Kenes ókimeti kezinde uahhabiylik tanym negizderimen suarylghan ortalyqtar bolatyn. Sol Kenes ókimet kezeninde diny sauaty bar kisilerding kópshiligi sol meshitterge barmaytyn. «Nege barmaysyz?»-dep súrasan, «E, balam, bizding jol bólekteu»-dep kýlip qoya salatyn Qazir sol baghyttarynan meshitter әli ajyray qoyghan joq. Onyng ýstine qanshama jasty biz shetelderge jiberip oqytyp, әkeldik. Múnyng bәri qazaqtyng dәstýrli diny tanymyn týsinbeytin, týsine almaytyn imamdar qataryn kóbeytip otyr. Al, onday baghytta dayyndalghan imamdardyng qazaq halqynyng dәstýrli diny tanymynan habary bolmauy zandy qúbylys. Sondyqtan qazirgi meshitterdegi diny uaghyzdyng qazaq halqynyng diny tanymymen say kelmeui zandylyq ekendigin týsinuimiz kerek. Olar týsinbeydi eken dep, imamdardy búlay erkine jibere beretin bolsaq, onda erteng qazaq halqyn tarihtan ketiretinimiz anyq. Sonda ne isemek kerek? 

Zikiriya Jandarbek

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