QAZAQSTAN QANDAY BAY EL Á?!
BIZDERDE MYNANDAY BAR, MYNANDAY BAR...
Qazaqstan miyneraldyq resurstargha óte bay. Qazaqstan dýnie jýzining 186 elining ishinde volifram, qorghasyn jәne bariyding qory boyynsha birinshi orynda, hromiyt, kýmis jәne sink boyynsha ekinshi, marganes jәne molibden — ýshinshi, mys — tórtinshi, uran — besinshi, altyn — altynshy, temir keni — jetinshi, qalayy men niykeli — segizinshi, kómir men tabighy gaz — toghyzynshy, múnay boyynsha on ýshinshi orynda.
Qorghasyn – 22 % (әlem boyynsha birinshi oryn).
Myrysh – 15,2 % (әlem boyynsha birinshi oryn).
Uran – 18,9 % (әlem boyynsha ekinshi oryn).
Hrom rudasy – 37,6 % (әlem boyynsha birinshi oryn).
Barit – 47,2 % (әlem boyynsha birinshi oryn).
Kómir – 3,1 % (әlem boyynsha altynshy oryn).
Múnay – 3,2 % (әlem boyynsha jetinshi oryn).
Altyn – 2,7 % (әlem boyynsha segizinshi oryn).
Kýmis – 16 % (әlem boyynsha ekinshi oryn).
Mys – 7,1 % (әlem boyynsha ýshinshi oryn).
Niykeli – 1,4 % (әlem boyynsha on ekinshi oryn).
Kobalit – 3,9 % (әlem boyynsha besinshi oryn).
Boksitter – 1,4 % (әlem boyynsha onynshy oryn).
Temir – 6 % (әlem boyynsha besinshi oryn).
Marganes – 30 % (әlem boyynsha ekinshi oryn).
Fosforitter – 4,5 % (әlem boyynsha altynshy oryn)
Qazaqstan jerinde hromitting әlemdik qorynyng ýshten bir, uran men marganesting tórtten bir bóligi, temir kenining onnan bir bóligi ornalasqan.
Qazaqstanda barlangan tas kómir jәne qonyr kómirdin qory 200 mlrd. tonnadan astam. Kómir basseynderine Qaraghandy, Ekibastýz, Maykóben, Obaghan, Jilinshik, Teniz-Qorghaljyn, Shu, Ile (Qaljat), Tómengi Ile (Ontýstik-Balqash) jәne Oral-Kaspiy (Jayyn-Jem) jatady.
Qazir Qazaqstan kómirsulardyng qory boyynsha dýnie jýzindegi iri elderding biri bolyp tabylady. Múnaydyng barlanghan qorynyng kólemi boyynsha 12-orynda, gaz ben gazdy kondensat — 15-shi, múnay óndiru — 23-orynda. Qazaqstannyng ýlesine barlanghan múnay qorynyng 2%-na deyin (Kaspiy shelifin qospaghanda) keledi. 200-den astam múnay men ken oryndarynyng óndiriletin qory 2,2 mlrd. tonna, kondensat — shamamen 700 mln. tonnany qúraydy. Elimizding boljanyp otyrghan múnay resurstary shamamen 13 mlrd. tonna.
Qazaqstannyng jer qyrtysy múnay men tabighy gazdargha bay. Kaspiy many oipaty, Kaspiy tenizining jaghalauyn qosa alghanda múnay qory 7 mlrd. tonna. Búl múnay óndirisin jyl sayyn 50-100 mln. tonnagha deyin kóteruge mýmkindik beredi. Qarashyghanaq ken ornyndaghy tabighy gaz qory 1,3 trillion kub metrdi qúraydy.
Aral manynda da múnay men gazdyng ýlken qory, tabylghan. Aldyn ala jasalghan esepteuler boyynsha múnda 350 mln. tonna múnay men 100 mlrd. kub metr gaz bar. Múnay men gazga qatysty Torghay, Shu-Sarysu, Zaysan-Alakól irovinsiyalarynyng bolashaghy zor. Qazaqstanda metall ken oryndary barlanghan.
Temir kenderining qory 8 mlrd. tonnadan astam. Onyng 80% Torghay temir ken basseyninde ornalasqan. Basseynning iri ken oryndaryna Sokolov-Sarybay, Qashar, Lisakov jәne Ayat ken oryndary jatady. Metallurgiyalyq proseste temir keninen basqa vanadiy, aluminiy oksiydi, fosfattyq shlaktar alynady. Olar miyneraldyq tynaytqysh retinde paydalanylady.
Alatau temir marganes basseyninde shamamen 500-dey ken oryndary men metall izderi tabylghan. Basseyndegi temir kenderining qory 500 mln. tonna jәne marganesti kender — 80 mln. tonnany qúraydy.
Úlytaudaghy Qarsaqatay temir ken oryndarynda 500 mln. tonna temir keni bar.
Shaghyn temir ken oryndary Kentóbede (Qaraghandy), Atansarda (Kókshetau), Qaratasta (Jezqazghan), IYirsude (Ontýstik Qazaqstan) jәne t.b. jerlerde tabylghan.
Marganes kenderi Atasu temirmarganes basseyninen basqa Saryarqada, Úlytauda, Qaratauda, Manghystau men Semeyde anyqtalghan.
Hromiyt kenderi negizinen Aqtóbede tabylghan. Kempirsay massiyvinde shamamen 30 ken oryndary bar. Kenning úzyndygy 80 km, eni 0,6-dan 30 km-ge deyin sozylghan, qalyndyghy jýzdegen metrge jetedi. Kendegi hrom totyghynyng mólsheri 20-dan 60% gha deyin. Búl ken ornyna dýnie jýzinde teng keletin ken orny joq. Hromit kenin óndiru boyynsha Qazaqstan dýnie jýzinde birinshi oryngha shyqty.
Hromit kenderi Qostanaydaghy Jetiqarada, Qúndybayda, Aqqarghada, Aqtauda, Semeyde tabylghan.
Vanadiy kenderi Qaratau men Jabaghyltauda tabylghan. Kendegi vanadiyding mólsheri shamamen 1% jәne molibden 0,22 %. Kenning sapasy joghary emes. Vanadiy bar kender Shynghys taularynda, Betpaqdalada, Kindiktasta, Teriskey Alatauy men Jezqazghan aimaghynda kezdesedi.
Titan kenderi Qostanayda, Kókshetauda, Aqmola men Aqtóbe oblystarynda barlanghan. Úlytau, Ontýstik Altayda jәne Jezqazghan oblysyndaghy qory belgili.
Qazaqstan týsti, baghaly jәne siyrek metaldardyng kóptýrliligimen, baylyghymen sipattalady.
Aluminiy kenderining ishinde boksitter erekshe oryn alady. Keleshegi bar audandargha Saryarqanyng batysy men soltýstigi, Torghay oipaty, Syrdariya ózenining basseyni, Kaspiy many jәne Aral many oipaty. Amankeldi, Obaghan, Jogharghy Tobyl, Teniz, Taskól jәne Shaghan, Múghaljar, Shymkent qalasynyn manyndaghy ken oryndaryn ataugha bolady.
Aluminiy shiykizatynyng boksitten basqa týrleri de barlanghan.
Niykeli jәne kobalit kenderi Aqtóbe, Qostanay, Jezqazghan, Karaghandy, Pavlodar, Semey jәne Jambyl oblystarynda taralghan. Aqtóbedegi Kempirsay basseyninde niykeli ken oryndarynyng 30-nyng ishinen 14-i júmys isteydi Joghary sapaly niykeli kenining ýlken qory Qostanay oblysyndaghy Aqqargha men Aqtauda shoghyrlanghan. Silikatty niykeli kenderi basqa Semey jәne Jezqazghan oblystarynda ashylghan. Olardan metallurgiyalyq óndeu barysynda talqylanady.
Mys kenderi Qazaqstannyng kóptegen territoriyalarynda taralghan. Altay taularynan bastap respublikamyzdyng batys shekaralaryna deyin mys kenderi barlanghan. Mystyng iri ken oryndary Saryarqada, Jetisu, Jonghar Alatauynda, Shynghys jәne Múghaljar taularynda, Batys Torghayda, Teniz oipatynda, Aqtóbe manynda, Manghystauda, Atbasar-Terisqanda, Soltýstik Qazaqstanda, Balqash manynda, Tarbaghatay, Sәuir taularynda jәne t.b. ornalasqan. Dýnie jýzine belgili mys ken oryndary Qonyrat, Bozshakól, Sayan, Jylandy, Aqtoghay, Jezkent, Shiyelisay jәne t.b. elimizding últtyng baylyghy bolyp tabylady.
Mysty kenderden, sonymen qatar, qorghasyn, sink, molibden, kýkirt jәne t.b. komponentter alynady.
Qorghasyn-myrysh (poliymetall) kenderi Kendi Altayda, Saryarqada, Qaratau men Jonghar Alatauynda taralghan. Olardyng negizinde iri tau-ken bayytu jәne metallurgiyalyq kәsiporyndar Leninogorskide, Zyryanovskide, Óskemende, Tekelide, Shymkentge, Qaraghaylyda, Kentauda jәne t.b. júmys isteydi.
Saryarqada Atasu tiyindegi poliymetall kenderi Qaraghandy jәne Jezqazghan oblystarynda ornalasqan. Kompleksti, qosymsha komponentteri bar ken oryndary Balqashtyng soltýstiginde ornalasqan. Birneshe poliymetall kenderinen bireui ghana — Aqjol iske qosylghan.
Qaratauda Aqsaydan basqa Araltau, Aqsoran, Bayjansay ken oryndary bar. Jonghar Alatauynda Tekeli, Kóksu, Suyqtóbe, Ortalyq Suyqtóbe jәne t.b. ken oryndary iske qosylghan.
Shu men Ile tauynda da poliymetall ken oryndary tabylghan.
Altyn men kýmis erteden Qazaqstannyng shyghysymen soltýstiginde óndirilip kelgen. Soltýstikte — Aqsu, Mashayyq, Jusaly, Jaqtabyl, Tórtqúdyq jәne t.b. ken oryndary. Shyghysta — Qalby altyndy auany. Altyn Ontýstik Qazaqstanda Jonghar Alatauy men Shu jәne Ile taularynda tabylghan.
Kókshetau jaqyn jyldary negizgi altyn óndirushi aimaqqa ainalady. Óndiriletin altyn mólsherin qazirgi jylyna 10-15-ten 100-120 tonnagha deyin arttyrugha bolady.
Siyrek metaldar Qazaqstan jerinde keninen taralghan.
Volifram men molibdennin ónerkәsiptik ken oryndary Saryarqada (Baynazar, Aqmaya, Shalqiya, Saran, Batystau jәne t.b.), Tauly Altayda (Kókshil, Shyndyghatay), Ile Alatauynda ashylghan. Soltýstik Balqash ken oryndarynda (Qonyrat, Bozshakól, Sayan) jәne Qarataudyn, vanadiyli ken oryndarynda әr týrli mólsherde molibden qory bar.
Tantal-niobiy kenderi Qalba men Múghaljarda taralghan. Kompleksti niobiy kenderi Semey jәne Kókshetau oblystarynyng granitti shógindilerinen tabylghan.
Sirkoniy Saryarqanyng batysy men soltýstiginde, Torghay oipatynda, Aral many men Múghaljarda taralghan.
Vismut qorghasyndy, myryshty jәne mys kenderinde kezdesedi. Suramanyn birden bir ken orny (Torghay) Aqmola oblysynda ornalasqan.
Synap Shar audanynda, Shu, Ile jәne Jonghar Alatauynda tabylghan.
Myshiyaktyn negizgi qory altyn ken oryndarynda ornalasqan.
Kadmiy Kendi Altayda, Saryarqa men Qaratauda taralghan. Onyng qory qorghasyndy-myryshty, mysty ken oryndarynda ornalasqan. Kadmiydi konsentrattardan óndiredi.
Galiy Amangeldi jәne Torghay boksiytinde, Altaydyng poliymetall kenderinde kezdesedi.
Indiy Myrghalymsay, Tekeli, Mayqayynnyng poliymetall kenderinen alynady.
Reniy Jezqazghannyng mys kenderinen tabylghan.
Taliy Altay kenderinen (Leninogorsk, Zyryanosk, Ertis many), Saryarqa (Jayrem, Aqjal, Úzynjal, Qaraghayly), Jezqazghan jәne Qonyrat ken oryndarynan alynady.
Selen men tellur Kendi Altay, Manayynyn, Shynghys tauynyng poliymetall kenderinen, Sayan, Qonyrat, Bozshakóldin, Shatyrkól, Jezqazghan jәne t.b. mysty kenderinen alynady.
Siyrek metaldardyng qasiyetteri men alynu tehnologiyalaryn mengerude ýlken enbek sinirgen ghalym, SSRO-nyng Memlekettik syilyghynyng laureaty, akademiyk E.A. Buketov.
Qazaqstannyng ýlesine urannyn dýniyejýzilik qorynyng 25,7 prosenti tiyedi (3,5 mln. tonnanyng 900 myng tonnasy). Uran ken oryndary Sozaq audanynda, Manghyshlaqta, Qordayda, Atbasar audanynda jәne Kókshetaudyng birqatar audanynda ornalasqan.
Qazaqstan rudaly emes paydaly qazbalargha da bay. Kaliy túzdary manyzdy himiyalyq jәne agrohimiyalyq shiykizattyq resurstardyng biri bolyp tabylady. Kaliy túzdarynyng qory respublikamyzdyng batys bóliginde, Jayyq-Jem aimaghynda ornalasqan.
Poliymetalldyq kendermen әdette seriktes bolatyn barit qory Jalayyr, Badam, Shyghanaq jәne t.b. ken oryndarynan tabylghan. Jyl sayyn poliymetalldyq kenderden 1,1-1,2 mln. tonna flotasiyalyq barittik konsentrat óndiriledi.
Fosforitterinen Qaratau baurayy (barlanghan ken orny bar) jәne Aqtóbe toby (8 ken orny bar) bay. Qarataudyng fosfattyq kenining sapasy joghary R2O5 ýlesi 23-26, keyde 30%, al Aqtóbelik fosforqorytpa 6,1-14,1%-gha deyin ghana.
Kýkirt temir jәne poliymetall kenderinde kezdesedi.
Shyghys Qazaqstanda jyl sayyn poliymetalldyq kenderden 700 myng tonnagha deyin kýkirt qyshqyly óndiriledi. Aqtóbening manynan kýkirt ken orny tabylghan.
Floritting aitarlyqtay bay qory Ontýstik jәne Shyghys Tasqaynarda tabylghan.
Ac túzy 20 kól men 2 ken ornynda óndiriledi. Qazaqstanda jylyna 1 mln. tonnagha juyq túz óndiriledi. Ol Qazaqstannyn, Orta Aziya respublikalarynyng jәne Batys Sibirding súranysyn tolyq qamtamasyz etedi. Inderding tastúzy, Jamantúz jәne Tayqonyrdyng túzdary soda ónerkәsibinde qoldanylady.
Sintetikalyq kauchuk, kalisiy karbiydin óndiru әktastyn esebinen jýzege asyrylady.
Jetiqara asbest ken orny Qazaqstandaghy iri ken oryndaryna jatady. Asbest talshyghynyn qory Hantau jәne Eshkiólmes ken oryndarynda birneshe million tonnadan asady.
Kaolin ken oryndary Aqmolada, Qarajigit, Qorday, Alekseevka, Eltay jәne t.b. jerlerde. Olardyng negizinde Alekseev kaoliyn kombinaty júmys isteydi.
Istyqqa tózimdi saz Amangeldi, Arqalyq, May ken oryndarynda óndiriledi.
Dolomit Alekseev, Qarabauyr, Saryqúm ken oryndarynan shygharylady.
Kvarsitter Ereymentau, Tektúrmas, Múghaljar, Jana Osakarovsk ken oryndarynda óndiriledi.
Sement shiykizatynyn 37 iri ken orny bar. Olar -M11-ishinde Qazyghúrt, Sastóbe jәne t.b. ataugha bolady. Búl ken oryndarynyn negizinde Qazaqstan iri sement zauyttary júmys isteydi. Amerikalyq shiykizat Aqmola, Qapshaghay, Kókshetau fosfor zauyttarynyn, Aqmola keramika kombinattyq qajettiligin qamtamasyz etedi. Kóktóbe Tórgen ken oryndaryn ataugha bolady.
Shyny óndirisine jaramdy qúm Múghaljar, Qalqan jәne Karatóbe ken oryndarynda óndiriledi.
Qazaqstanda qory 11 ken ornynda shoghyrlanghan.
Qazaqstanda mramor men granit kezdesetin mynnan astam ken oryndary bar. Almaty, Ekibastúz, Temirtau, Aqmola jәne t.b. kombinattaryndaghy mramor óndirisi 20 myn kub metr jәne graniyt 32 myn kub metr qúraydy.
Óskemen zauytynda miyneraldyng maqta óndirisinde fosforiyt, tuf, bazalit qoldanylady.
Qúrylysta paydalanylatyn qúmnyng qory 88 ken oryndarynda shoghyrlanghan. Silikattyng kirigish óndiruge 32 ken ornynyng qúmy, kәdimgi óndiruge 121 ken ornynyng qúmy qoldanylady.
Kazaqstanda barlyq ónerkәsip salalarynyng jedel damuyna qajetti miyneraldyq-shiykizat resurstary jetkilikti.
Abai.kz