Bismillahy Irahmany Rahiym.

Elimizding túnghysh preziydenti Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng bastamasymen «Mәdeny múra» memlekettik baghdarlamasynyng kitap seriyalary boyynsha «Mәdeny múra» memlekttik baghdarlamasyn iske asyru jónindegi M.Áshimbaev tóraghalyq etetin qoghamdyq kenes dayyndauymen «Jazushy» baspasynan (Almaty, 2008 j.) jaryq kórgen jiyrma tomdyq «Álemdik filosofiyalyq múranyn» on toghyzynshy tomy «Qazirgi músylman filosofiyasy» studentter men magistranttargha oqu qúraly retinde oqytyla bastaghanyna birshama uaqyt boldy.

Kitap QR Mәdeniyet jәne aqparat ministrligi Aqparat jәne múraghat komiyteti «Áleumettik manyzdy әdebiyetter týrlerin shygharu» baghdarlamasy boyynsha jaryq kórgen. Kitaptyng alghashqy betindegi tanystyrylymyndaghy qoghamdyq kenes mýsheleri men redaksiyalyq alqasy qúramy tizimine qarasaq elimizding qazirgi barlyq betke tútar filosof ghalymdar men songhy on jyl kólemindegi mәdeniyetimizge jetekshilik etken biraz ministrler men memleket jәne qogham qayratkerleri enipti. Kitaptyng ghylymy redaktorlary men qúrastyrushylary, tipti sarapshylary da belgili ghalymdardan saraptalghan. Búl – quana qúptarlyq tirshilik qoy. Múnday joghary saliqaly alqa qúramda kitap shygharu jaryq kórip otyrghan ruhany múranyng elimiz ýshin qanshalyqty qúndylyghy bar ekendigin kórsetip túrghan joq pa? Osy qúramnyng baqylauy jәne qoldauymen jaryq kórgen dýnie әriyne elge qajetti naghyz ruhany qazyna boluy kerek emes pe?. Sol ýmit aqtalyp otyr ma?

Elimizde din memleketten zang jýzinde bólingen. Degenmen tútas bir el ishindegi dýnie esh uaqytta sol memleketten bólek ómir sýre almaytynyn biz jaqsy bilemiz. Din – senim. Sol senim bolmasa adam da memleket te jer betinde úzaq tirshilik jasay almaydy. Dinnen tys – dinsiz tirshilik jasaymyz deu jay ghana tәkapparlyq, sholaq oilylyq. Din senim bolmysy bolghan song ol – qasiyetti Otanyng ghana emes, býkil jaratylys on segiz myng ghalamgha senimdilik ruhynda tәrbiyeleydi jәne uaqytsha tirshilik etetin sayasy partiyanyng sayasatymen emes ruhany diny taza imany súlulyqpen tәrbiyeleydi. Jogharyda aty atalynghan biz sóz etkeli otyrghan «Mәdeny múranyn» aty dyrday bolghan son, osy orayda dinge de sýbeli ýles beretin shyghar degen ýmit bolghanymen, ә degennen onday ýlesting búiyrmaghanyn bayqap, bolmaghan song әdette, «tiyse terekke tiymese bútaqqa» dep túmsyghyn tyqpas jerge tyghyp tiyisip otyratyn keshegi kenesting shekpenin shyqqan bizding ghalymdar, «Islam dini turaly, olardyng әlemdik jәne otandyq ghylymy turaly, islamdyq teologiya men morali turaly, islamdyq bilim beru turaly ne aitty eken?» dep osy basylymgha ýlken ýmitpen nazar audarghan edik. Osy orayda kenestik ateistik jýieden moyyn qamytyn ajyratqan filosoftarymyzdyng erkin oigha alghan erkindigi dinge, islamdyq gumanizmge, qúranistikagha, sopylyqqa, sunna men tafsirlikke, senim men ilimge kózqarasy qanshalyqty dәrejede ózgerdi eken degen ishki tarazy oiymyz qatar túrghanyn nesine jasyramyz. Kórer kóz, estir qúlaq bolsa aitatyn әngime barshylyq siyaqty. Búl mәselelerdi shyn qajet etetinder bolsa, osy maqaladan song jýie jýiesimen jetkize jatarmyz dep oilaymyn. Ol júmysty bastamas búryn aldymen býginge osy kitaptaghy eki maqala keyipkerlerine baylanysty pikirimizdi ortagha salumen shektelgendi maqúl kórip otyrmyz.

Kitapqa Stambulda jaryq kórgen Osman Aminning «Jamaladdin Afghaniy» jәne «Mysyrdaghy renessans; Muhammed Abduh jәne onyng mektebi» degen avtorlyq eki maqalasynyng audarmasy enipti. Alghashqy maqalada Jamaladdin Afghany turaly mynaday pikirler aitylghan; «...Islamdy jana tәsillermen týsindirude alghashqy bolyp ataghy shyqqan Jamaladdin Afghany boldy. Ol – HIH ghasyrdyng eng ataqty Shyghys oishyly. Jamaladdin Afghany kez kelgen nәrseni әdebi, kórkem jәne óte týsinikti halde týsindiretin oishyldardyng biri boldy. Onyng kórkem minezi, oy tújyrymdarynyng joghary dәrejede boluy kóshbasshylyq qasiyetti iyemdenuding negizgi sebebi boldy. Ári úly oishyl, әri diny reformator, әri sayasy kóshbasshy bolghan Afghany islam әleminde manyzdy oryn alady... Afghaniyding oi-tújyrymdary kóne grek oishyldarynyng ishinde Sokrattyng kózqarastaryna úqsas keledi. Onyng ómiri men kózqarasy ýsh týrli prisipke baylanysty. Olar ruhaniyat, diny tózimdilik jәne ahlaqtyq týsinik. Afghany músylmandar arasynda jasalghan materializm nasihatyna qarsy túryp, materializmning kemshilikterin tez arada ashyp bergen. «Materialisterdi teristeu» atty enbek te jazghan. Afghany tarihty materialistik túrghydan týsindirip, jazugha tyrysqan kertartpa adamdargha qarsy logikalyq týrde jazylghan kóptegen mysaldargha toly jauaptar jazyp materialisterding ýnderining óshuine ýlken yqpal tiygizgen. Diny tózimdilik Afghaniyding kóptegen enbekteri jәne dinning qogham ishindegi funksiyalary turaly kózqarastar ishinde aitylghan. «Din kóptegen últtardy ortagha shygharghan jәne adamzat ýshin shynayy baqyttyng qaynar kózi» - deydi. Degenmen, Afghany bauyrlastyq sezimin diny birlestikke aiyrbastau niyetinde emes edi. Ol islam elderining bir-birinen tәulsiz әri bir senim negizinde ómir sýruin qalghan edi. Afghany ózining «Ál-Vuska» atty enbeginde últshyldyq turasynda bylay deydi; «Óz últy men halqyn sýy, qúrmetteu jәne qorghau әrbir adamnyng mindeti. Al otanyn satqany turasynda aitqany; «Óz otanyn, últyn, jerin aqshagha satqan jәne otannyng ishki syrlaryn dúshpangha jetkizip otyrghan adam naghyz otan satqyny. Otan – bagha jetpes qúndylyq. Óz otanynyng dúshpan ayaghynyng astyna taptalyp jatqanyn kóre túra, esh mәn bermegen adam – naghyz satqyn». Afghany óz tili bolmaghan halyqtyng el bola almaytyndyghyn, ózderine tәn әdebiyetteri bolmaghan halyqtyng tili turaly sóz etilmeytindigin, óz ishinen shyqqan bilim adamy bolmaghan halyqtyng tarihy jazylmaytyndyghyn aitqan. Onyng ereksheligi ishki jәne syrtqy qysymdardan esh mýltiksiz shyghyp kete alatyn alghyrlyghy men bostandyq sezimi edi. Barlyq nәrsege mәn berip qarau onyng tabighatyna tәn qúbylys bolatyn. Jamaladdin Afghany esimi jәne onyng qaldyrghan múrasy býkil músylman halqynyng jýreginde óshpes bir estelik ispetti, ol Islam Renessansynyng atasy bolyp eseptelinedi...». (151-155 better). Muhammad Abduh turaly ekinshi maqalada mynaday pikirler aitylghan; Býgingi Mysyrda islamdyq oy pikirding qayta jandanuyna Muhammed Abduhtyng sinirgen enbegi orasan zor. Mysyrdyng úly oishyly, sosiolog jәne reformator retinde Abduh 1323/1905 jyly dýniyeden ótken kezde, artynda bagha jetpes enbekterimen qatar ózining izin basushy kóptegen shәkirtter qaldyrdy. Onyng «Ál-ustad әl-Imam (ústaz, jetekshi) ataghy býgingi kýnge deyin ózining mәnin joymaghan. Ol ózin islam uniyversittetining oqu baghdarlamasynda qarastyrylmaghan «modernistik» dep atalatyn naqty ghylymdargha arnady. «Daru-l-Ulum» (Ghylymdar ordasy) dep atalatyn jogharghy oqu orynynda tarih professory, tilder ortalyghynda әdebiyet professory retinde qyzmet atqardy. Azhardaghy dәristerimen qatar, osynday jana qyzmetter atqardy. Keybir qayratkerlerding qol úshyn berui arqyly ol islam, iudaizm jәne hristian dinderining kelisimge keluin maqsat etken erkin qogham qúrdy. 1307/1899 jyly Mysyrdyng bas muftii dәrejesine kóterilgen Muhammad Abduh sol kýnge deyin qol jetkizbegen qúrmetke ie boldy. Abduhtyng janashyldyq iydeyalary osy dәrejege jetkennen song jalpy halyqqa tanyla bastady. Abduh Qúran tәpsiri boyynsha býtindey jana әdiske negizdelgen dәris berdi. Bas mufty retinde Muhammed Abduhtyng bergen ýsh pәtuasy onyng basqa dindermen toleranttyq qatynasyn aiqyn týrde kórsetedi. Múhammed Abduh – kedeylerge materialdyq ruhany kómek kórsetu jәne olardyng oqu-aghartushylyq dengeyin kóteru maqsatynda qúrylghan «Músylman qayyrymdylyq qoghamyn» qúrushylardyng biri. Onyng Mysyr uniyversiytetining ashyluyna qosqan ýlesi zor ekendigin úmytpaghan jón. Osynday kózqaraspen jaraqtalghan Abduh erkin oidy, erkin zertteu qúqyghyn jaqtaghan, sonymen birge, adamnyng jeke, óz aldyna zertteu jolyna emes, diny artyqshylyq túrghysynan ózine úsynylghan dogmalardy dәlelsiz, kóz júmghan kýide qabyldaugha negizdelgen elikteushilikpen kýresuden jalyqpaghan. Abduh moraligha reforma jasau ýshin oghan basty negizdi dinnen izdegen. Adam aqyly zaman talabyna say damymaghandyqtan reformany diny úghymdardan bastaghan jón. HH ghasyrdyng basynda Abduh Mysyrdaghy bilimnin, dinnin, últtyq patriotizmning damuyna orasan zor ýles qosqan. Mysyrlyq oqymystylar qauymy ózining ruhany bastauyn osy Abduhtan alghan bolatyn. 1318/1900 jyly tyghyryqqa tirelgen jas buyn Abduhtyng enbekteri arqyly jarqyn jol tapty...»(230-253 better). Osy maqalagha kitapta redaksiyalyq mynaday týsinik jazylypty. *Jamaladdin әl-Afghany (1839-1897) – islamdyq modernizmning negizin salushy. Múhammed Abdo (1849-1905) – әl-Afghaniyding shәkirti, onyng iydeyalaryn jalghastyrushy. Búl oishyldardyng filosofiyasy músylmandyq Shyghystyng filasofiyalyq oiynyng әri qaray damuynyng iydeyalyq damuynyng bastauyna ainalady. Sondyqtan osy tomnyng qúrastyrushylary olardyng shygharmalaryn qazirgi músylman filosafiyasy ayasyna qosyp otyr. Islamdyq modernizm – islamdyq qúndylyqtardy ortadoksaldy jәne sholostikalyq núsqalardan bastaugha jәne qúndylyqtardy qayta qarau iydeyasyna negizdelgeni – ruhany aghymdardyng keng taraluy. Sonymen qatar onyng qúrylymynda Qúran mәtinin tújyrymdau, islamnyng irgeli negizderin rasionalistik sipatta bayandau kórinis beredi. Islamdyq modernizm filosofiyasy qoghamynyng etikalyq, estetikalyq, әleumettik jәne sayasy mәselelerin әleumettik tendik jәne әdilettilik negizinde qarastyrady.(151 bet).

Búl az bolsa osy «Mәdeny múra» memlekettik baghdarlamasynyng kitap seriyalary boyynsha Á.Nysanbaev jetekshilik etken redaksiyalyq alqasy shygharghan «Shyghys filosofiyasy» oqu qúralynda («Jazushy» baspasy 2009 j) Tórtinshi tarauda 4.2. Músylmandyq modernizm; Afghani, Abdo, Ikbal filasofiyasynyng meta fizikalyq mәnin qayta qarastyru degen taqyryppen oqytudyng basty baghyttaryn aiqyndap kórsetip pysyqtau súraqtary men ony úghyndyruda oqylatyn әdebiyetter tizbesin bergen. Búdan song osy eki diny reformatordy dәriptegen bizding ghalymdardyng maqalasy turaly әngime aitsaq tipti úzap ketetin siyaqtymyz...

Al endi dindegi reformator atanghan osy eki ghalym turaly Qazaqstan músylmandary diny basqarmasy diny birlestigining 04.09.2002 jylghy 23/0273 qaulysymen «Euro Print» baspasynan 2008 jyly jaryq kórgen Osman Qarabiyqtyng «Islam dini» kitabyna jazylghan pikirge nazar audaralyq. Búl kitap ta týrik tilinen audarylghan. «...Biraz uaqyt orystargha Aughanystanda tynshylyq qyzmet atqardy. Orystardan kóp aqsha aldy. Hijranyng 1285 (1870 j.) jyly Mysyrgha baryp masson boldy. Ály basha ony Stambulgha aparyp qyzmet tapsyrdy. Ol kezde Stambul uniyversiytetining rektory bolghan jәne sadrazam (premier- ministr) masson Mustafa Rashid basha tarapynan Parijde oqytylghan, kәpir ekendigine fatua berilgen, mason Hasan Tahsin tarapynan oghan uniyversiytette konferensiyalar berdiriledi. Alayda shekten shyqqan sózderi sebepti sol dәuirding sheyhul-islamy bolghan úly ghalym Hasan Fahmy efendi tarapynan Jamaladdin Afghaniyding kәpir ekendigine fatua berildi. Hasan Fahmy efendi zamanynyng eng úly ghalymdary qatarynda bolatyn. Ol Osmanly memleketining 110-shy shayhul-islamy boldy. Hasan Fahmy efendi siyaqty ghalymdar basym týsip, Jamaladdin masqara boldy. Ály basha ony Stambuldan shygharugha mәjbýr boldy. Jamaladdin Afghany Mysyrda bolghan kezinde mysyrlyqtar arasynda revolusiya pikirin taratumen ainalysty. Fransuz tilinde jazylghan «les franco-macons» kitabynyng 127 betinde; «Mysyrda qúrylghan mason lojasynyng basyna Jamaladdin Afghani, odan keyin Múhammed Abduh әkelindi. Olar músylmandardyng arasynda masondyqtyng taraluyna kóp kómek berdi» deydi. London men Parijde «diny reforma» degen atpen kóptegen ziyandy nәrselerdi jazdy. Hijranyng 1303 (1886 j.) jyly Irangha bardy. Ol jerde de tynysh jýre almady. Sondyqtan shynjyrlarmen baylanyp Osmanly memleketi shekarasyna әkelip tastaldy. Keyin Baghdatta, ol jerden Londongha ketti. Irangha qarsy maqalalar jazyp jýrdi. Ol jerde Stambulgha baryp, bahaylerge qosylyp, dindi sayasatqa qúral etip qoldandy. Iranda býlik shygharugha tyrysty. Bir jyl ótken song jaghynda rak auyruy payda bolyp 1314 (1897 j.) jyly óldi. Stambuldaghy Machka әskery garnizony qasyndaghy «shayyhtar» mazaratyna jerlendi. Bir amerikandyq azamat kelip onyng ýstine kók tas qoyghyzdy.(?)..» (296 bet) dep jazsa Múhammed Abduh turaly: « ...Songhy ghasyrda biraz adamdy tura joldan shygharuyna sebep bolghan, adasqan din adamdarynyng biri Múhammed Abduh degen masson bolyp tabylady. ...ol barlyq jazghan enbekterinde Islamdy qúlatugha, massondyq josparyn iske asyrugha tyrysty. Massondardyng kómegimen Kayyrde mufty boldy. Áhly sýnnetke qarsy bas kótere bastady. Massondyqtar búdan búryn osmandyqtargha da osynday jasaghan edi. Masson Mústafa Rashid bashanyng búiryghymen medreselerden jaratylystanu pәnderi alynyp tastalyp, diny pәnder de joghary dәrejedegi ilimderden maqúrym etildi. Islam dini ghylymgha negizdeledi. Bilim bolmasa, aqiqat din adamy qalmasa, Islam búzylady. Alayda, Allahtyng әdeti olay emes. Islam ghalymy jetilip shyghuy ýshin, islam ilimderi jan-jaqty tarap, jayylghan boluy kerek. Beyruttaghy masson lojasynyng basshysy Hanna Áby Rashid 1981 jyly jariyalanghan «Dayra-tul maariful-masoniya» kitabynyng 197 betinde «Jamaladdin Afghany Mysyrda masson lojasynyng basshysy edi. Ghalymdar men memleket qayratkerlerinen 300-ge juyq mýshesi bar bolatyn. Odan keyin imam ustaz Múhammed Abduh basshy boldy. Abduh ýlken masson edi. Onyng masondyq ruhty arab elderine jayghandyghyn eshkim teriske shyghara almaydy» - delingen. Múhammed Abduhtyng jasaghan reformalaryn kórip ony Islam ghalymy dep sanaghandar az emes. Áhly sýnnet ghalymdary onyng jazghandaryna jauap jazghan, onyng islamdy jamylghan jauyz maqsatyn әshkerelegen» (298-bet) dep ary qaray naqtyly enbegine taldaular jasap aitqan osy pikirin avtor naqtyly faktilermen dәleldep shyqqan.

Týrik tilinen audarylghan osy eki avtor men olar turaly jazghan eki pikirding qaysysy oryndy, qaysysy orynsyz? Massondardyng diny alauyzdyq tudyruy, músylmandardyng ruhany әlemin jәne dinin joy ýshin әrqily әreketterge baratyndyghy, oghan olar qarjylaryn ayamay júmsaytyndyghyn qazir bәrimiz bilemiz. Aqsha dese baryn jiyp qoyatyn myna súryqsyz naryq zamanynda sol masondardan sybagha alyp, múrty maylanghan, ózi de solardyng qataryna qosylyp ketken ghalymdar shynymen-aq bizding de aramyzdan shyghyp jatsa oghan tandanugha bola ma? Olardy qalay ajyratamyz? Jogharyda aty atalynghan kitaptardaghy naqtyly derekpen jazylghan maqaladan keyin әrkim de bolsa osynday ýreyli oida qaluy zandylyq emes pe? Osy jaghdayda «bizding ghalymdarymyz «әlemdik diny reformator» dep tanystyryp, enbekterin elimizde «Mәdeny múra» baghdarlamasy boyynsha oqulyqqa engizip otyrghan J.Afghany men M.Abduhtyng enbekterin joghary oqu oryndarynda oqytu elimizge qajet pe, joq qajet emes pe, búghan pikirdi kim aituy kerek? Osydan song oqulyqtyng baspada jaryq kóruine jol bergen Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligi me әlde Ghylym akademiyasy ma, әlde Islam dinining janashyry bolugha tiyisti Qazaqstan músylmandary diny basqarmasy ma?» degen zandy saual tumaydy ma?

Tuuy tuar au, biraq sol tughan súraqqa naqtyly jauap bola ma? Biz búl súraqty qoyghanda eshkimge abroy bermes el ishinde ot jaqqaly otyrghan joqpyz, qayta osy betimen kete berse erteng búrq ete qalar ottyng aldyn aludy menzep otyrmyz. Búghan atalynghan qúzyrly oryndardyng birde bireui dәl qazirgi jaghdayda jauap qata alady dep kimdi sendire alasyz. Óitkeni kitap avtorlary tútastay keshegi kenestik memleket ateisteri shapanynan shyqqan ghalymdar. Olardy túmsyghynan janashyrlyqpen tartqylasang da kezinde jazghan, aitqan óz enbekterinen, óz pikirlerinen qoldaryn ýze alamaysyn. Al kitaptyng shygharyluyn óz basshylyghyna alyp otyrghandar solardan dәris alghan, tipti solardyng jetekshiligimen ghylymy ataq alghandar eken. Múndayda jaghdayda olardan ne ýmit, ne qayyr?

Baqtybay AYNABEKOV

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