AMANGELDI KENShILIKÚLY. RUMIYDING ÓMIRI
(Alghysóz ornyna)
Shyghys әlemi adamzattyq órkeniyetting órleuine zor sharapatyn tiygizgen, talay úly ghúlamalar men shayyrlardy ómirge әkeldi. Tamyryn sonau ejelgi zamanghy diny anyzdardan tartyp, Shyghys danalyghymen suarylghan sóz óneri jýzdegen jyldardan song Batys elderine de sýiinshilep jetip, keyingi orta ghasyr men Qayta Órleu dәuirindegi әdebiyetting gýldenuine danghyl jol salyp berdi. HI-HII ghasyrlarda grek jәne latyn qaynarlaryn zerttep, móldir búlaghynan qanyp ishken Europa nazarynyn, mәdeniyetter almasuynyng óliarasyndaghy bir kezenderde birjolata Shyghysqa aughany da shyndyq. Eng әueli Ispaniyada, sodan keyin, Fransiya, Italiya, Angliyada músylman oishyldarynyng enbekteri tәrjimalanyp, ol tuyndylar, auzymyzdyng suy qúryp maqtap jýrgen kóptegen úly aqyn-jazushylardyng qiyal besigin terbep, shabytyn oyatyp, Europa tórinde adamzat balasynyng ortaq iygiligine ainalghan tanghajayyp tuyndylar ómirge kelip, kindigi kesildi.
Jarty ghasyr búryn ghana Amerikanyng әigili ghalymy Filip Hitty «Tayau Shyghystyng qysqasha tarihy: ýsh kontiynentting altyn kópiri» degen monografiyalyq enbeginde ejelgi trubadurlardyng mahabbat jyrlarynyng – Orta ghasyrlardaghy arab lirikasynyng audarmalary ekenin, al, Orta ghasyrlardaghy Mariya qyz ben «asqan súlu әiel» kulitining krest joryghynan son Shyghys mәdeniyetining yqpalymen dýniyege kelgenin búltartpas derektermen dәleldep bergen-túghyn. Tipti, islamgha deyingi VII ghasyrdaghy uzra taypasyndaghy mahabbat kulitining Europadan búryn arabtardyng mistikalyq poeziyasynda kórinis tapqanyn bir sәt esimizge týsirip kóreyikshi. Keybir zertteushiler әigili Freyd pen Yungting iydeyalaryn, olardan búryn aitqan dep jýrgen ataqty sopy, teoretiyk, arabtyng tereng oishyly jәne psiholog Ibn әl-Arabiyding HIII ghasyrdyng basynda ónerde birinshi bolyp «Ádemi әielden Qúdaydy kórudi» ýiretkenin nege úmytyp qaldyq, biz osy? Ghasyrdan ghasyrgha jetip, jýzdegen jyldar boyy әlemdik әdebiyetting altyn qazyghyna baylanghan mahabbat taqyrybynyng «Lәilә men Mәjnýn» jayly arab anyzynan bastau alyp, Shekspirding «Romeo men Djulletta» shygharmasynda damytylyp, Bloktyng «sulu әiel turaly» әigili jyrynda kemeldene týskeni әdebiyet tarihynan biletin mysaldarymyz emes pe edi. Korneliding «Siyd» dramasynyng jazyluyna taza arab sujetining nemese Shillerding «Turandot hanshayymynyn» tuuyna shyghys shayyry Nizamiyding «Jeti súlu» poemasynyng negiz bolghanyn oy tarazysyna salyp salmaqtasaq, әngimemizding tym úzaqqa sozylyp ketetin synayy bar. Degenmen, biz osy jerde aitylghan sózimizge yqylasy aughan oqyrmannan әngimemizding tórkinin dúrys týsinuin súraymyz. Álbette, biz Shyghys әdebiyetining artyqshylyghyn kórsetu ýshin ghana tarih qoynauynyng terenindegi mysaldargha oy qydyrtyp jatqan joqpyz. Mәsele, ónerding tiygizgen yqpaly nemese tipti, «mahabbat taqyrybynyng klassikalyq ýlgisinin» eng aldymen Shyghysta dýniyege kelip, adamzat mәdeniyetining ruhany alqabyna taryday shashylghanynda da emes. Álemdik әdebiyetting qúnarly topyraghyna bir shybyqtay qadalyp, býginde jalghyz últtyng ghana emes, barlyq adamzat balasynyng ortaq maqtanyshy bolyp, jayqalghan bәiteregine aynalghan Shekspirdi, Korneli men Shillerdi joqqa shygharghysy kelgen niyetten de aulaqpyz. Áytse de, Shyghys pen Batys mәdeniyetining bir-birimen aralasa otyryp, jarysa japyraghyn jayyp, ózara tyghyz qarym-qatynas negizinde damyghanyn esten shygharmasaq ýlken olja bolar edi. Qúdaydyng kenje balasynday bolyp dýnie esigin ashyp, adamzattyq ruhtyng kindik sheshesindey bolyp ketken әdebiyetting ómirge qalay kelip, qalay kemeldengenin bilmegendikten, biz býgin osynday bir shalaghaylyqtyng jappay beleng aluyna jol berip aldyq.
Tayauda Astanadaghy kitap dýkenderining birinen Resey baspalarynan shyqqan «100 úly aqyn» jәne «Qara sózding 100 úly sheberi» degen tanymdyq kitaptar kózime ottay basylyp, qyzyghyp satyp aldym. Bir ókinishtisi qalyndyghy kirpishtey, bezendirilui kisi qyzygharlyq eki tomdyqta Shyghys týgil, tútastay alghandaghy Aziya elderining poeziyasy men prozasy jayly keltirilgen derekter kónilimizdi kónshitpedi. Ádeby múrasy kól-kósir Qytaydan bar-joghy Ly Bo men Du Fu sekildi biren-saran aqyndardyng shygharmashylyghy ghana qamtylghanyna kónilimiz tolmady. Tang dәuirindegi әdebiyet alyptary Van Vey, Myn Hao-Jani, Bo-Szuylar shygharmashylyghy jóninde bir auyz sóz aitylmaghanyna qarnymyz ashydy. Japon aqyndarynan tek Basege ghana toqtalghandaryna razy bolmadyq. Otomo-no Yakomoti, Arivara –no Narihira, Osiykotiy-no Misune, Saygelerding shygharmashylyghy turaly nege eshtene aitylmaghanynyng sebebin týsinbedik. Bәrin bolmasa da japon poeziyasynyng damuyna zor yqpalyn tiygizgen Saygeni eleuge bolatyn edi ghoy. Shyghystyng úly shayyrlary Sanai, Attar, Shәmsaddiyn, Rumy men Fizuliyler turaly da biz búl jinaqtan mәlimet taba almadyq. Al, «Qara sózding 100 úly sheberi» degen taghy bir tom enbekti oqyp shyqqanymda, ony qúrastyrghan T.V.Grudkina, N.P.Kubareva, V.P.Mesheryakov, M.N.Serbuldardyng tanymdaryna qarnym ashyp, kitaptyng mazmúndyq sapasynan týnilip kete jazdadym. Proza janry tek Europa elderinde ghana býrshik atyp, tek, sonda ghana kóktep-kógerip, jemisin bergendey әser qaldyrady eken, búl qalyng kitap. Qazaq pen qyrghyzdyng maqtanyshyna ainalghan Áuezov pen Aytmatovtardy tilge tiyek etpegende, eng bolmaghanda Nobeli syilyghyn alyp, әlemdi moyyndatqan Nagib Mahfuz, Yasunary Kavabata men Kendzaburo Oelardy eske aludy qajet dep te tappapty, kitapty jazushylar.
Maltabarlyq maqsatpen jaryq kórgen múnday dýniyeler ónerding ólshemi bolmaydy degenimizben, kitap dýkenderimizding sórelerinde siresip túrghan janaghyday enbekterding arqasynda býgingi oqyrman talghamynyng qalyptasyp jatqanyn moyyndamasqa bolmaydy. Ásirese, bir qaynauy әli jetpey túrghan, osynday shiyki dýniyelerding әlemdik әdebiyetti terenirek biluge jany qúmar jastarymyzdy adasushylyqqa úryndyryp, sóz ónerining qúdiretin jan-jaqty tanudaghy izdenisine túsau salatynyn moyyndamasqa amal kem. Býgingi kýnning oily oqyrmany Shyghys pen Batysqa, Aziya men Europagha, Afrika men Amerikagha bólmey, shygharmalary adamzat balasynyng ortaq ruhany qazynasyna ainalghan әdebiyet alyptary turaly kitaptyng jazyluyn saghyna kýtip jýr.
Ádebiyet - adamnyng jany. Ol Kýnning altyn sәulesindey bólshekteuge kelmeytin jәne bolmaytyn Qúdaydyng bagha jetpes qazynasy, adam balasyna amanat etip ketken úly múrasy. Jaratushynyng pende balasyna tartu etken eng úly syiyn Ontýstik pen Soltýstikke, Shyghys pen Batysqa bóle bersek kýnderding kýninde biz әdebiyet arqyly da bir-birimizge sýisinip, bir-birimizdi týsinu qabiletinen aiyrylamyz. Jalynymyz óship, «adamzattyng bәrin sýigisi» keletin bauyrmaldyq sezimimizdi joghaltyp, algha qaray úmtylmaytyn, әdebiyetting laulaghan otynan ruhtana almaytyn beyshara hәlge týsemiz.
Allagha myng da bir shýkir, bizding memleketimizde Resey men Batys әdebiyeti klassikterining tuyndylaryn nasihattau isi jýieli jolgha qoyylghan. Alayda, Qúday qosqan kórshimiz ózbek, qyrghyz, tatar, tәjik, tipti, jergilikti túrghyndarynyng sany 2 milliardqa jetip qalghan qytay halqynyng әdebiyeti jayly biz osynday sózderdi maqtanyshpen aita almaymyz. Bir kýn uaqyt tauyp Astana qalasyndaghy kitap dýkenderin aralap, onda әlemdik әdebiyetting qanday jauhar tuyndylarynyng satylyp jatqanyn kórip qaytynyzshy, bizding sózimizding shyndyq ekenine kóziniz anyq jetedi. Nasihaty kemshin týsip jatqandyqtan, adam sany 7 mlrd. jaqyndap qalghan Jer túrghyndarynyn 4,5 mlrd. astamy enshisine tiyesili Aziya elderi, onyng ishinde, Shyghystyng bay mәdeniyeti men sóz óneri jayly qazaq oqyrmandarynyng biletin deregi de, qayyrshygha tastaghan sadaqaday oidan-qyrdan jinaghan bolmashy birdeneler ghana. Kózimizge ýnireyip kórinip túrghan osy olqylyqtyng ornyn toltyra almasaq ta, keleshekte onyng joyyluyna sebepker bolsyn degen izgi niyetpen eli men jeri, nәsili men últyna bólmey, әlem әdebiyetining klassikteri jayynda Qazaq radiosynan «Shetel әdebiyeti» baghdarlamasyn jýrgizip kele jatqanymyzgha birneshe jyldyng jýzi bolyp qaldy. Keleshekte osy habarlardy dayyndau barysynda jinaghan materialdar negizinde «Jýz jauhar» atty, әr kitaptyng kólemi kem degende 25 baspa tabaq bolatyn, alty tomnan túratyn әlem әdebiyetining jýz úly aqyny men jýz úly jazushysynyng shygharmashylyghyn taldaghan ýlken enbek jazu josparymyzda bar. Biylghy jyly bir Allagha syiynyp, oigha alghan isimizdi bastap Shyghys shayyrlary jayly bir ýlken kitap jazugha tәuekel etpekshimiz. Keleshek úrpaq ýshin ruhany azyq bolatyn osy enbegimizding tezirek jazyluyna yqpal etip, alansyz júmys jasauymyzgha shygharmashylyq jaghday tughyzyp, kómek kórsetkisi keletin, әdebiyetimiz ben mәdeniyetimizge shyn jany ashityn últjandy azamattar tabylyp jatsa - quana-quana qolyn qysugha dayynbyz. Tabylmasa – ókpelemeymiz.
Bir dindar adamnan Allanyng adamgha talantty nesiyege beretinin estigenim bar. Jasym jer ortasyna tayap qalghan shaqta boyymda Qúday bergen talanttyng bar ekenine kózim shyn jete bastady. Endeshe Jaratushynyng bergen qaryzyn ózine qaytaratyn uaqyt ta kelgen siyaqty. Óitkeni, elu shygharmashylyq adamy ýshin az jas emes. Qyryqqa da tolmay ómirden ozghan Pushkin men Belinskiylerding әdebiyet ýshin qanshama qyruar enbek etip, ony qanday zanghar biyikkke kóterip ketkeni esine týskende, eluge kelip qalghan jasynnan eriksiz úyalady ekensin.
«Eshten de kesh jaqsy» degen aldamshy ýmitke maldanyp, kýibeng tirshilikpen biraz uaqytymyzdy bosqa ótkizip alyppyz. Endi esh nәrsege qaraylamay, shamamyz kelgenshe oigha alghan isimizdi qargha adym bolsa da algha jyljyta beruge belimizdi bekem budyq. Degenmen, búl jazghan dýniyelerimizdi ghylymy enbek retinde emes, әngimemizge arqau etkeli otyrghan úly aqyndar men jazushylardyn tuyndylarymen tanysqannan alghan әserimizdi, olardyng shygharmashylyghy jayly oqyghan kitaptar men jýzdegen maqalalardy sholyp shyqqan song týigen oilarymyzdy nәzira ýlgisinde bayandap bergen әngimemiz retinde qabyl alynyz.
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Shyghys topyraghynda dýniyege kelgen úly shayyrlardyng ishinen Rumy jyrlarynyng júldyzy erekshe jarqyraydy. Aqyn tuyndylarynyng daralyghy men súlulyghyn, shynayylyghy men terendigin jýreging sezgenmen, týsindirip beruge til qúdireti jetpeydi. Qanday ghalamat oy men taza sezim, biyik ruh pen mol maghyna jatyr aqyn jyrlarynda! Rumiydi oqyghan sayyn ishki әlemine bir mol, iygi sәule kirgendey jan sarayyng janghyryp qoya beredi. Aqylyng jetpeytin, jýreging ghana sezetin bir erekshe qúdiret bar, aqyn poeziyasynda. Sana-sezimindi biylep alyp, jan әlemindi birese aspanda qalyqtatyp, birese túnghiyqa batyryp jiberetin Rumy poeziyasyna teneu tabu shynymen de qiyn. Shygharmashylyq múrasyn júrt Qúrangha tenegen kemengerdin tuyndylaryn aspandaghy Kýnmen ghana salystyrugha bolatyn shyghar; sebebi, Rumy poeziyasy gumanizmining terendigimen, iydeyalarynyng toleranttyghymen, halyqtar men últtardy dostyqqa shaqyratyn, ózge dinderdi qúrmetteuge uaghyzdaytyn meyirimdiligimen Jer betindegi barlyq adamzat balasynyng jýregine izgilikting altyn shuaghyn shashqan - qúdiretti óner. Eger de shayyrdyng artyna qaldyrghan bay múrasy jan-jaqty nasihattalyp, әlemdik әdebiyettegi ózine layyq ornyn alghanda Rumy tuyndylary Shekspir men Gete shygharmalarynday býkil adamzat balasynyng ruhany iygiligine ainalar edi. Bir quanarlyghy úly aqynnyn ómiri men artyna qaldyrghan mol múrasy jóninde kezinde biraz zertteuler jazylyp, oqyrman enshisine búiyrypty. Keleshekte osy dýniyelerdi ana tilimizge audaru isin qolgha alsaq, qazaq oqyrmanynyng sanasyna parasat sәulesin shashatyn iygilikti isti atqarghan bolar edik. Ghalymdar búl enbekterdi eki topqa bólip, mazmúnyna sәikes oryndaryn da belgilep qoydy. Rumitanu ghylymynda sonyng birinshi tobyna aqynnyng ómiri men qyzmeti turaly derekter keltirilgen orta ghasyrlardaghy antologiyalar, ekinshisine – shayyrdyng ómiri men shygharmashylyghyn sarapqa salghan zertteuler, sopylyq kózqarasyn saraptaghan taldaular jatqyzylyp jýr.
Berilgen mýmkindikti paydalanyp, batystyq shyghystanu ghylymyndaghy osyghan qatysty jazylyp, oqyrman kózayymyna ainalghan R. Nikolison, A.Dj.. Arberri, Vili Duranta, Dj.S. Triymengema, U. Chittika, A.M. Shimmeli, H. Burgelya, E. Meyerovich, K. Hakima, K. Ernesta, M. Fahri, A. Gulipinarli, Sh. Ozkula, A. Kabakly, M. Ondera jәne t.b. enbekterining manyzy zor ekenin atap ótkendi paryz sanadym.
1995 jyly orys tiline audarylghan Linn Vilkokstyng «Sopylyq jәne psihologiya» kitaby býgingi tandaghy әlemdegi eng ózekti taqyryptardyng biri – sopylyqqa arnalghan. Al, Djon. A.Subhananyng «Sopylyq pen onyng qúndylyqtary» ( «Sufizm: Ego svyatye y svyatyniy») kitaby da osy taqyrypty jan-jaqty taldaghan - qúndy zertteu. Atalghan enbekterding de Rumy shygharmashylyghynyng kiltin tauyp, júmbaghyn týsinuge tiygizetin kómegi kóp.
Rumiyding ómiri men múrasyn zertteuge Iran ghalymdary da sýbeli ýles qosty. Ásirese, aqyn ómirbayanyn naqtylap, onyng barlyq tuyndylaryn jaryqqa shygharghan ghalym B. Fruzonfarudyng onyng shygharmashylyghyn nasihattaugha kóp enbek sinirgenin aita ketken lәzim. Iran ghalymdary Sayid Nafisi, Zabeulloh Safo, R. Shafak, M. Mahdjuba, R. Hidoyat. K. Gani, M.Munavvara, Aliy Dashti, Abdulhusayny Zarrinkub, M.Sharafa, B. Fruzonfara, Murtazo Mutahhari, A.M. Bahtiyyori, K. Zamoni, A. Tadaina, M. Muvahhada enbekteri de Rumy poeziyasyn terenirek tanugha jol bastaytyn baspaldaqtar.
Reseyde úly aqynnyng múrasy XIX ghasyrda-aq A. Krymskiy, E.E. Bertelis, V.V.Bartolid, V.A.Jukovskiy, V.Gordlevskiy, M.F.Ahundova zertteuleri arqyly keninen tanymal bola bastady. Rumy turaly jazghan maqalamyzda ol enbekterge de kóz qyrymyzdy salyp óttik. Búl zertteuler bizge aqyn taghdyryn ghana emes, sonymen qatar onyng ómir sýrgen uaqytyndaghy tarihy jәne mәdeny jaghdaylarmen de kenirek tanysugha mol mýmkindik berdi.
Tәjikistanda jaryq kórgen N.F.Odilolovanyng «Djalaladdin Rumiyding dýniyetanymy», H.M.Ziyevanyng «Mavlaviya sopylyq ordeni, M.T.Mamadjonovanyng «Djalaladdin Rumiyding filosofiyasy» enbekterining rumitanu ghylymyna qosqan janalyghy da orasan zor. Al, Qadyrov Kәrimjannyng «Sopylyqtyng pedagogikalyq jәne didaktikalyq iydeyalary: qalyptasuy men damuynyng iydeyalyq qaynary» atty doktorlyq dissertasiyasynda Sanai, Nizami, Attar, Rumi, Ghazali, Saady men Djamiyding pedagogikalyq jәne didaktikalyq iydeyalary zerttelgen. Sonday-aq, H.Afzalov, K.Qadyrov, M. Lutfulloev, F. Sharifzoda, IY.H.Karimova, A.Pahlavonov, S.Sulaymoniyding tәjik-parsy klassikterining pedagogikalyq kózqarastaryna qatysty taldaulary da Shyghys mәdeniyetining syryna terenirek ýniluimizge kóp paydasyn tiygizdi.
Degenmen, qanshama zertteuler jazylghanymen, Rumiyding pedagogikalyq kózqarasyn jan-jaqty ashyp bergen enbek әli kýnge deyin jazylmapty. Úly aqynnyng pedagogikalyq kózqarasy, onyng teoretikalyq jәne didaktikalyq aspektileri tolyq zerttelmepti. Sondyqtan da Rumy kemengerligining osy bir qyryna keleshekte nazar audarylsa núr ýstine núr bolar edi.
Qysqasha qayyrghanda әlemdik rumitanu ghylymynyng býgingi tandaghy jay-japsary osynday. Endi uaqytty soza bermey, negizgi әngimemizge kóship, qymbatty oqushymyzdy Rumiyding ómiri jәne shygharmashylyghymen tanystyruymyzdy bastayyq.
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Úly aqyndar jayly barlyq uaqytta da halyq arasyna taraghan anyzdar kóp. Ghýlama Platon «Eger naghyz aqyn bolghynyz kelse, ózing turaly anyz tughyza bil», - degen eken, bir sózinde. Sokrattyng shәkirti, Aristoteliding ústazy Platonnyng dualy auzynan osy bir qanatty sózding shyqqanyna eki myng jyldan astam uaqyt tasqyny aghyp ótse de, kәri tarih onyng ómirding ainymas qaghidasy men mәngilikting zandylyghyna ainalghanyn qayta-qayta dәleldeumen keledi.
Anyzdy aqyngha degen halyqtyng sýiispenshiligi men mahabbaty tughyzatyny әmbege ayan. Uaqyt óte bergen sayyn olar aqynnyng ómir tarihymen qol ústasyp ketip, oidan shygharylghan anyz ben ómirlik shyndyqtyng ara jigin ajyrata almay qalatyn jaghdayymyz da bar. Mysaldy alystan izdep, әure bolyp qaytemiz. Baqilyq bolghanyna jarty ghasyr da tolmaghan Múqaghaly jóninde aitylyp jýrgen talay әngimelerding qaysysy shyndyq ekenin ajyrata almay, býgingi tanda aqyn beynesining anyzgha ainalyp ketkenin bir sәt esimizge týsirsek, el ishindegi keyde bir-birine qayshy keletin әngimelerding rasy men ótirigin aiyrudyng jyldar ótken sayyn kýrdele týskenin moyyndaugha tura keledi. Endeshe toghyz ghasyr topyraghynyng astynda kómilip qalghan Rumiyding ómiri turaly naghyz shyndyqty izdeuding «bir maya shópting ishinen iynening synyghyn izdegenmen» para-par әreket ekenine eshkim kýmәn keltire qoymas.
Kóne zamannan bizge jetken sonday anyz-әngimelerding birinde aqynnyng әkesi Bahaaddin Valadtyng (shyn aty-jóni Múhammed ibn Huseyn әl-Hatiby әl-Balqi) belgili bir sebeptermen tughan jeri Balqydan ketip, Mekke men Mediynedegi qasiyetti jerlerge taghzym etuge bel buyp saparlap shyqqanda Nishapur qalasyna ayaldaghany aitylady. Búl qalada ol parsynyng ataqty sopy aqyny Fariddadin Attardy jolyqtyrady.
Aqynnyng әkesi óz zamanyndaghy kózi ashyq, kókiregi oyau ziyalylardyng biri boldy. Eline syily aqynmen әngimelesu baqyty búiyrghan әkesining quanyshtan kónili tolqyp, ekeuining әngimesi jarasyp, úzaq jyldar boyy kórispegen dostarday úzaq syrlasady. Ángimesining týiinin tarqatqan Attardyng kózi bir uaqytta janary jәudirep, ekeuining súhbattasuyn tapjylmay tyndap otyrghan Valadtyng úlyna týsip ketedi. Alla jaratqan erekshe bolmysynda aqyndyqpen birge kóripkeldik qasiyet te bar Attar balanyng boyyndaghy ýlken talanttyng úshqynyn әngimeni tyndaghan sәttegi ottay janghan janarynan bayqap qalyp, әkesining jýzine meyirlene qarap: «Qúday qalasa, sening artynnan ergen úlynnyng ataghy shyghyp, myndaghan adamdardyng jýregine shoq tastap, dýiim júrttyng maqtanyshyna ainalatyn kýni alys emes», - dep sәuegeylik jasap, tayauda ghana jazyp bitirgen, qalamynyng siyasy әli kebe qoymaghan «Asrar-name» («Qúpiyalardyng kitaby») poemasyn syilap, batasyn beredi.
Baqyttan basy ainalghan bala dastandy kózining qarashyghynday saqtap, eng kiyeli mýlkindey qasterlep ústaydy. Mәni teren, maghynasy shynyrauday shygharmany qayta-qayta oqyp, ómir boyy odan taghylym alady. Kóniline qonaqtaghan kýdikting túmanyn seyiltken sәuleli sózding shuaghyn da, tynyshtyq bermey janyn mazalaghan kýrmeui kýrdeli saualdardyng jauabyn da ol osy shygharmadan tabady. Eseye kele balanyng jýreginen tanghajayyp jyrlar tuyp, rasynda da ol myndaghan adamdardyng jan әlemine jol tapqan Attardan da danqy asqan ghajayyp aqyn boldy.
Rumy aqynnyng qalyng búqaragha tanymal bolghan laqap aty. «Rumnan shyqqan» degen úghymdy bildiretin sózding shyghu tórkinin әdebiyet zertteushileri shayyrdyng tuyp-ósken mekenimen baylanystyrady. Aqynnyng shyn aty-jónining Djalladdin Múhammed ekenin býgingi tanda júrttyng kóbi bile bermeydi. Kózi tirisinde anyzgha ainalghan Rumiyding shygharmashylyghy men diniy-filosofiyalyq kózqarasy Tayau jәne Orta Shyghys halyqtarynyng әdebiyetine qatty әser etip, oilau jýiesinde tereng izin qaldyrdy.
Bireuler, әulie sanap, úlylyghyn sipattaugha teneu taba almay qinalghan, ekinshileri, onyng úlylyghyn moyyndyghysy kelmey, joqqa shygharugha tyrysqan Rumy esimimen әdebiyet tarihynda mәngi aty qalghan aqyn 1207 jyldyng 30 qyrkýieginde, Balqy qalasynda dýniyege keldi. Býgingi kýni Aughanstannyng soltýstigindegi eleusiz ghana qalashyq Balqynyn bir kezderi Qytay men Ýndi, Iran men Maurennahrdyng keruen joldarynyng toghysyndaghy gýldengen alyp shahar bolghanyna qazirgi uaqytta bireudi sendiru qiyn-au! Qiyn! Sonau alys zamanda búl qala Horezmshah biyligin jýrgizgen Alaaddin Múhammedke baghyndy.
Adam balasynyng túlgha boluynyng irgetasy әke-sheshesining bauyrynda jýrgende-aq qalana bastaydy. Rumiyding dýniyetanymynyng qalyptasuyna әkesining kórsetken tәlim-tәrbiyesining tiygizgen sharapaty mol. Ákesi Bahaaddin Valad qoghamda syily, músylmandyq din ilimi, Qúran men Múhammed payghambar turaly hikayalardy jaqsy bilgen kózi ashyq, sauatty adam boldy. Ghajayyp sheshendigimen de kózge týsken ol sol zamanda ýlken dәreje bolyp sanalghan, din uaghyzshysy joghary mәrtebesin iyelengen adam. Soghan qaramastan әkesining býiregi sopylyq – diny mistisizmge búryp túrdy. Biraq Bahaaddin ony jalpaq júrttan jasyrmady jәne ózin ziyatker-sopy Ahmad әl-Ghazaliyding ruhany shәkirti sanap, zamandasy, tәjiriybeshil-sopy Nadjmaddin Kubrdyng kózqarasyn jaqtady. Basqasha sózben aitsaq, jan-jaqty teologiyalyq bilimi, sol zamangha say ghalymdyghy onyn diny tәlimger men ústaz retindegi bedelin qalyptastyrdy. Júrt aldynda sóilegen dәristerimen ol jinalghan tyndaushylardyng jýrekterin eljiretip, kónilderin baurap, sezimderin úiytty. Keyin әkesi júrtqa aitqan uaghyzdaryn «әl Ma’ariyf» («Tanym») atty jinaqqa toptastyrdy. Sol jyldary Tayau Shyghysta ýstemdik etken, qúdaydy tanu mýmkindigi turaly sopylyq doktrinany bayandaghan qaghidalarmen ýilesim tapqan islamdyq diny dýniyetanym tújyrymy bolyp tabylatyn búl jinaq, әkesining enbegin oqyp ýirengen Djalaladdinning kózqarasynyng qalyptasuyna da әser ete bastady.
«әl Ma’ariyf» («Tanym») jinaghyndaghy kezdesetin, keybir túspaldy әngimelerge qaraghanda Rumiyding әkesi Bahaaddin Valad pen din mamany, Horezmshaz sarayynyng janyndaghy senim mәselelerine baylanysty talay aitys-tartystardyng jenimpazy Fahraddin Raziyding arasynda pikir qayshylyghy tuyp, onyng ayaghy ózara óshpendilik pen jaulasugha úlasqangha úqsaydy. Áulet pen onyng sarayy Raziydi qoldady. Jýz jerden oqymysty bolsang da saray janyndaghy yqpaly kýshti diny qyzmetkermen óshtesu óte qauipti edi, ol zamanda.
Biliminen góri ailakerligi basym, onyng ýstine biylikke de basqalardan góri bir taban jaqyn Raziydi júrttyng bәri jek kórgenimen, ústasyp qaludan qatty qaymyghatyn. Qarsy kelgen adamynyng kózin qúrtyp jiberuge Raziyding zalymdyghy molynan jetetin. 1209 jyly Fahriddin Raziyding jymysqy әreketining arqasynda Horezmshahtyng búiryghymen dәruish Madjaddadin Baghdady din búzarlyghy ýshin aiyptalyp, Ámurdariyagha batyryp óltirilgen son, onymen sóz talastyrugha eshkimning jýregi daualamaytyn. Endeshe tisin qayrap jýrgen dúshpanyna minez kórsetip, adam týgil jel tiymegen betine qarsy kelip qalghan Bahaaddinning basyna elinen ketu turaly oidyng kelui sonshalyqty bir tang qalarlyq nәrse emes. Degenmen, kóniline alghan oyyn ol Razy ómirden ótkennen keyin ghana iske asyra aldy. Horezmshah pen baghdat halifterimen arasyndaghy qarym-qatynasynyng ýzilui, halifting jaqtastaryna qarsy qudalaulardyng órshy týsuining saldarynan, aqyr sonynda Bahaaddin qajylyqty syltau etip, tughan jerin tastap, kóshuge mәjbýr boldy. Rumiyding әkesining dәl qay kýni Balqydan ketkeni beymәlim. Shamasy ol janúyasyn alyp, 40 shәkirti jәne izbasarlarymen birge 1214 pen 1216 jyldardyng aralyghynda elden jýrip ketken boluy әbden yqtimal. Óitkeni, 1217 jyly onyng Rumgha (Kishi Aziya) kelip, rumdyq Seljúqtar memleketindegi qalalardyng biri Malatiyagha ornalasqanyn rastaytyn derekter bar, ghylymda. Malatiyagha jetkende Djalaladdinning on jastan endi ghana asqan shaghy bolatyn.
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Rumy ómir sýrgen dәuirdegi Kishi Aziyanyng sayasy kartasy alashúbar edi. Ortalyghynda Koniya astanasy boy kótergen (ejelgi Ikonium) Seljúqtardyng rumdyq súltanaty (1077-1307) ornalasty. Ol Alladdin Kaykubada I-shi (1219-1236) men Giyasadin Kayhosrav (1236-1245) basqarghan dәuirlerde ekonomikasy men mәdeniyeti órkendegen, kýshti memlekettik qúrylym boldy. Shynghys hannyng jetegine ergen dala shapqynshylarynyng zorlyq-zombylyghynan qatty sharshap, odan qútyludy ansaghan Maurennahrdan Irangha qaray aghylghan bosqyndardyng kózderine alystaghy osy súltanat jerúiyqtyng mekenindey bolyp elestedi. Tolas tappaghan bosqyndardyng legi oghan qaray sarqyraghan ózendey bolyp aghyldy. Sheberligimen dýiim júrtty tamsandyrghan talay-talay qolónershiler, dýniyening syryn zerttegen talay-talay ghalymdar, ghajayyp ghazaldarymen jýrekterdi tebirentken talay-talay shayyrlar súltanattaghy qalalardan pana tapty. Degenmen, músylman әlemining búl bóligindegi tynyshtyq saltanatynyng shyn mәnisinde aldamshy ghana qúbylys ekenin olar qaydan bilsin.
Is jýzinde Rum súltanatynyng sayasi-ekonomikalyq irgetasy eki qúrylymnan túrdy: shalghay aimaqta ornalasqan kóshpeli taypalar men eldegi qalalar jәne jer iyelenushi audandarda ýstemdigin jýrgizgen otyryqshy túrghyndar. Búl eki qúrylymnyng arasyndaghy teke-tires feodaldandyru prosesinde shiyelenese týsip, kelispeushilikke úlasty. Taypalar otyryqshylyq ómirge ótuding týrli satysynda bolatyn, sondyqtan da taypalyq-tuystyq baylanystyng әlsireui men olardyng ishine feodaldyq qarym-qatynastardyng ornyghuy auyrtpalyqsyz ótken joq. Ortalyq biylikting baqylaugha alghysy kelgen әreketterinen de esh nәtiyje shyqpady, kóshpendi eriktiler baqylauda bolugha kónbedi. Súltanatqa Úly Seljúqtar memleketinen múragerlikke qalghan әsker otyryqshy sharuashylyghy men qolóner óndirisi bar qalalardaghy әuletterding manayyna shoghyrlanyp, feodal shonjarlardyng ghana mýddesin qorghady. Áleumettik ahual kýrdelenip, týrli qoghamdyq qúrylymdardyng arasyndaghy teke-tiresterding saldarynan ayaq astynan Baba Ishaktyng (1239) jetekshilik etuimen bastaghan kóterilis búrq ete qalyp, súltanattyng jaghdayyn shatqayaqtatyp tastady. Biylik halyqtyng ashu-yzasynan tughan kóterilisti әupirimdep jýrip әreng basqanda, Rum súltanatynyng shekarasynda tatar-monghol basqynshylary payda bola qaldy. Kesedagh manyndaghy shayqasta olar seljúq әskerining byt-shytyn shygharyp talqandap, súltanat ózining baghynyshtylyghyn moyyndap, tәuelsizdiginen aiyryldy, barlyq biylik monghol biyleushilerining qolyna ótti. Ýsh aidan keyin tatar-monghol jaulaushylary Irangha baghyt alyp, Rumdy oirandady, elding kóptegen qalalaryn jermen-jeksen qyldy, myndaghan adamdardy ayausyzdyqpen óltirip, ondaghan myng túrghyndardy tútqyngha aldy. Mine osylaysha bir kezderi gýldengen Rum súltanatynyng irgesi sógilip, HIII ghasyrdyng ayaghynda ondaghan handyqtargha bólinip ketip, 1307 jyldary ómir sýruin birjola toqtatty.
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Rumgha kele salysymen Bahaadin otbasy әueli Malatyadan Sivasqa (1219 jyly), sosyn Aqshekirge kóship ol jerde ýsh jylday túraqtady. Shamamen 1222 jyly Larenda (qazirgi Qaraman) qalasyna qonys audaryp, onda jeti jylday ómir sýrdi. Larendada Djalaladdinning sheshesi Mýmin-Hanym dýnie saldy, osy jerde ol 1225 jyly Sharafaddin Lala Samarqaniyding qyzy Jauhar Hanymgha ýilenip, bir jyldan keyin túnghysh perzenti Súltan-Veled ómirge keldi. Keyin aqynnyng úly «Valad-name» poemasynda («Valad turaly kitap») atalarynyng ómirbayadyq shejiresin óleng ýlgisimen jazyp shyghyp, әkesining birden-bir shyraqshysyna ainalyp, artyna qaldyrghan ruhany múrasyna ie bolyp qaldy.
Larendidegi ómir qalypsha aghyp jatqan uaqytta búl qaladan da ketuge tura keldi: kenetten Bahaadinge Rum súltanatynyng әmirshisi Alaaddin Kaykuba I-ding derbes elshisi kelip, Koniyadaghy ataqty medreselerding birindegi qúrmetti jәne lauazymdy qyzmetti úsyndy. Úsynysty qabyl alghan әkesi 1228 jyly Koniyagha tartyp otyryp, 1231 jyldyng 23 aqpanynda sonda dýnie saldy. Arab anyzy boyynsha, ol jerde ejelgi grek filosofy Platon da qaytys bolghan eken. Ol jyldary Koniya súltanattyng astanasy boldy. 1220 jyly әmirshi Kaykubad osydan biraz uaqyt búryn onyng izbasary Kaykaus I-ding kezinde qúrylysy bastalghan jana meshitti salyp bitiredi. Jaqsy abattandyrylghan jәne sәuletti medreselerimen danqy shyqqan ýlken shahargha Egiypetten, Siriyadan jәne Iraktan aghylghan studentterding legi tolastamay, mәdeny jәne diny ómir astanada qaynap jatty.
Ákesi ómirden ótken son, jiyrma tórt jasqa endi ghana tolghan Djalaladdin medresedegi onyng ornyn basyp, jergilikti diny bedeldilerding tobyna qosyldy. Biraq, sol zamandaghy qalyptasqan týsinik boyynsha ýlken meshitte júma sayyn uaghyz aitu, jergilikti aqsýiekter men auqatty qalalyqtardyng balalaryna din mamandyghy men din qúqyghynyng negizderin oqytu jәne Qúrandy týsindiru ýshin ol tym jas bolyp sanaldy. Ókinishke qaray, sol jyldardaghy Djalaladdinning qanshalyqty bilimdi bolghany turaly derekter ghylymda saqtalmaghan. Jiyi-jii kóshuge tura kelgendikten ony tәrbiyeleu jәne oqytu isimen әkesi ainalysqan boluy kerek.
Biraq, kenetten Koniyada, Djalaladdinning manyna, oghan qoldau kórsetu ýshin marqúm әkesining izbasarlary, yqpaldy jәne bedeldi shәkirtteri jinala qaldy. 1232 jyly Termezden әkesining niyettesi, «Kubraviya» mistikalyq bauyrlastyghynyng mýshesi Seyid Burhanaddin Muhakkik arnayy kelip, ózin tolyqtay Djalaladdinning ruhany tәrbiyesine arnap, bolashaq aqyn toghyz jyl boyy onyng mýriyt-shәkirti boldy. Burhanaddin oghan «mistikalyq» joldyng manyzdy qúpiyalaryn ýiretip, syrt kózge asa bayqalmaytyn sopylyq ilimning mәnisin týsindirdi. Biraq, dәl sol jyldary Djalaladdindi ústazynyng taghylymy asa qyzyqtyra qoymady. Ol materialdyq jaghdayyn jaqsartugha kóbirek kónil bólip, oghan qol jetkizetin tolyq jәne jýieli bilim aludy armandady. Kózdegen maqsatyna jetu ýshin Siriyagha attanyp, músylman ghylymy men diny bilimning ortalyghy Aleppo men Damaskide jeti jylday uaqytyn ótkizdi. Eline qaytyp oralghanda tayauda ghana taqqa otyrghan Giyasaddin Kayhosrav II-shi ony medresening basshysy etip taghayyndady.
Biyik mәrtebege qol jetkizgen Djalaladdinning odan keyingi bes jyl boyghy ómiri óz arnasymen qalypty aghyp, әl-auqaty jaqsaryp, baraqat tirshilik keship jatty. Ýili-barandy bolyp, medreselerde dәris, ýlken meshitterde uaghyz oqydy. Qúrmet kórsetken shәkirtteri men studentteri de kóp boldy.
Bir qaraghanda adam balasyna osydan artyq qanday tynyshtyq pen baqyt kerek. Baqytty ómirden basy ainalghan Djalaladdin sol uaqyttaghy elin alandatqan әleumettik jәne sayasy dauyldargha asa nazar da audara qoymady. Áleumettik tensizdikterge qarsy Baba-Ishaktyng bastauymen bolghan kóterilis te, monghol atty әskerlerining shabuyldary da, qúldyqqa aidalghan otandastarynyng kóz jasy ony asa alandata qoymady. Shayyr shygharmashylyghymen tanysqan adam onyng kól-kósir múrasynan jogharyda aitylghan oqighalar jóninde bir auyz sóz taba almaydy. Aqyn dýnie salghannan keyin onyng izbasarlary men ómirbayanyn zertteushileri osy bir olqylyqty bayqap qalyp, Djalaladdin jóninde neshe týrli aqylgha syimaytyn anyzdardy oilap shygharghany da әdebiyet tarihynan belgili.
Djalaladdin bolsa, sol zamandaghy joghary mansap sanalatyn, qoghamda qatty qúrmetteletin diny qayratker boludyng joly ashylghanyna shyn kónilimen razy edi. Din isine berilip Qúrangha arnap týsiniktemelerin jazghysy jәne keng maghynaly týsiniktemelermen qamtylghan, әdeby tilmen kestelengen Payghambar sózderining jinaghyn shygharghysy keldi. Aqyn bolamyn degen oy ol kezderi Djalaladdinning ýsh úiyqtasa týsine kirgen joq. Poeziyamen shúghyldanu diny adamdardyng arasynda ol zamanda jaghymsyz is bolyp sanaldy.
Biraq taghdyrdyn jazuymen, azghantay ghana uaqyttyng ishinde onyng ómiri kýrt ózgerip sala berdi. Kezbe sopy Shәmsaddin Múhammed Tәbrizimen kezdesken bir sәt onyng oiyn mýlde basqa arnagha búryp, býkil ómirin ózgertip jiberdi.
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Eki úly ghúlamanyng kezdesuin men óz basym taghdyrdyng isi dep úghamyn. Júmyr basty pendening jaryq dýniyege kelgennen, jer qoynyna engenshe qasynan bir eli qalmaytyn serigi bar. Ol –taghdyr. Adam balasynyng baghynyng januy men qayghy-qasiretke belshesinen batuy, sara joldy tandauy nemese ómir ormanynda adasuynyng bәri de osy taghdyrdyn júmsa júdyryghynda, ashsa alaqanynda. Talant Allanyn syiy degenimizben, aqyndyq sol Qúdaydyng qalauymen – adamnyng mandayyna jazylghan taghdyry bolsa kerek.
Shyghystyng úly perzenti Rumiydi aqyn etken de - taghdyrdyng qúdireti bolatyn. Eger ol ómir saparynda Shәmsaddindi jolyqtyrmaghanda Rumy esimdi úly aqynnyng tarihta bolmauy, onyng jalyndaghan janynan tamasha tuyndylardyng tumauy da әbden yqtimal edi.
Eki kemengerdi taghdyr jolyqtyrghan oqigha 1244 jyldyng 26 qarashasynda boldy. Sol kýni Tәbrizde tuyp-ósken kezbe dәruish Shәmsaddin Damaskiden saparlap kele jatyp Koniyagha ayaldap, qant satushy saudagerding ýiine ayaldaydy. Biraz uaqyttan keyin taza auamen tynystau ýshin syrtqa shyghyp, shәkirtteri men studentterining ortasynda qoshemetke bólenip, oghan qaray kele jatqan din qyzmetshisin alystan kózi shalady. Adamdardyng qarasy ózine jaqyndap qalghanda ol shәkirtterining qoshemetine bólengen Djalaladdinge qarap: «Eger bilsen, aitshy maghan, Qúdaydyng qúldarynyng qaysysy úlyraq: Múhammed payghambar ma, әlde Bistamnan shyqqan Bayazit pa?», - dep kýtpegen jerden, oghan tosyn saual qoyady. «Áriyne, Múhammed, óitkeni Qúranda onyng adamdargha jiberilgen songhy payghambar ekeni aitylghan», - degen maghynadaghy Djalaladdinning bergen jauabyna qanaghattanbaghan Shәmsaddiyn: «Endeshe Múhammedting «O, Alla biz sening shyn mәnisinde qanday ekenindi bilmeymiz degen sózin qalay týsinemiz? Al, Bayazit bolsa «Men danqtymyn. Men danqtymyn! Mening qúdiretim sonshalyqty úly» dep jar salghan-túghyn»,- deydi, aspandaghy Kýnge qarap kýlimsirep.
Danyshpannyng dýnie syryn ózgeshe saralap, basqasha tarazylaytyn tereng tanymy Djalaladdindi tan-tamasha qaldyryp, auzyn ashyp, kózin júmghyzady. Jasy birazgha kelip qalghan dәruishten ol basqa eshkimge úqsamaytyn bolmysy bólek jaratylghan túlghany kóredi. Búryn-sondy Djalaladdin tap osynday erekshe bolyp tughan adamdy jolyqtyrmapty. Ol eline saparlap kelgen dәruishti medresening janyndaghy ýiine qonaqqa shaqyryp, sol kýnnen bastap syrtqy әlemnen qol ýzip, 16 ay boyy Shәmsaddinmen syrlasyp, úlaghatynan ghibrat alady. Shәmsaddin ilimi ol ýshin dýniyening bәri qamtylghan Mahabbattyng sәulesine ainalady. Úly dostyqtyng arqasynda ol búryn sondy bayqamaghan jana әlemning esigin ashyp, onyng syryn týsingendey ózgeshe kónil-kýige bólenedi.
Jasy alpysqa tayap qalghan Shәmsaddin Tәbrizi kóp adam týsine bermeytin júmbaq jan bolatyn. Bizge jetken derekkózderinde de onyng beynesi ylghy da bir qúpiyamen túmandanghan: ol kenetten payda bolyp, sosyn kózge kórinbey ayaq astynan joghalyp ketedi. Kóptegen zertteushiler Shәmsaddinning ghayyp boluy Djalaladdinning janyn jaralaghan tragediyasyna ainalyp, ómirin týbegeyli ózgertip jibergenin aitady. Ol jóninde parsy әdebiyetinen bizge jetken anyzdar da kóp.
Shәmsaddin Tәbrizi - tarihy túlgha. Dýniyege kózqarasy kalendarlyq aghayyndyghyna jaqyn dәruishting sopylyq iydeyasyn nasihattap Tayau Shyghys elderin kezip jýrgeni mәlim. Ol kez-kelgen salttyq jәne dini úigharymdardy joqqa shyghardy, adamdardy ruhany tazalyqqa shaqyrdy jәne halyqtan tamyryndy ýzbey, onymen tikeley qarym-qatynasta bolu kerek ekenin dәriptedi. Din ilimining rasionalizmi men tәjiriybeden qol ýzgen filosofiyagha qarsy shyqty, diny ózgeshelikti moyyndamady jәne týrli dinderding arasyndaghy adamdardyng dostyghyn qoldap, kez-kelgen dinning mәnisi salttyq rәsimdi saqtauda emes, Allagha degen shynayy mahabatta jatatynyn uaghyzdady.
Shәmsaddinning iydeyalary men kózqarasynyng dәni qúnarly topyraqqa týsip, óz jemisin bere bastady. Djalaladdinning dәruishting ilimine degen shynayy inkәrligi kýnnen kýnge arta týsti. Sopymen kezdesken kýnnen bastap ol medresedegi oquyn tastap, shәkirtterinen qol ýzip, ýi-ishindegilermen de siyrek aralasatyn boldy. Áriyne Djalaladdinning kenetten ózgerip ketui, kópshilikting narazylyghyn tughyzdy. Olar ashyqtan-ashyq qorqytugha kóship, Shәmsaddiyning ómirine qastandyq ta jasay jazdady. Qatty ashulanghan nadan tobyrdy toqtata almaytynyn sezgen Shәmsaddin 1246 jyldyng 11 nauryzynda Koniyany tastap, Damaskige ketip qaldy.
Ruhany syrlasyn joghaltyp, jalghyzdyqqa úshyrap, qapa bolghan Djalaladdin janyn qoyargha jer tappay sharq úryp, izdeu saldy. Ústazynyng Damaskide ekenin anyqtap bilip, ony elge qaytaru ýshin oghan shyn kónilimen senetin, eng jaqsy kóretin úly Súltan-Veledti jiberedi. Ol súrau salyp jýrip Shәmsaddindi tauyp alyp, ekeui jayau jýrip Koniyagha oralady.
Djalaladdinning shәkirtteri Shәmasadinning oraluyn jaqtyrghan joq. Jýrekterindegi dәruishke degen óshpendilikteri búrynghydan beter kýsheyip, oghan tóngen qauip-qaterding búlty búrynghydan beter qonglana týsti.
Sýiikti ústazy, hәm ruhany syrlasymen qayta qauyshqan Djalaladdinning baqyttan basy ainalyp, quanyshy qoynyna syimaydy. Dýnie qaytadan jadyrap sala berip, kónili shattyqqa keneldi.
Al, Shәmsaddinge qatty óshikken dúshpandary qarap jatpay, jýzege asyrghaly jatqan zalym isterin oilastyryp ta qoyghan bolatyn. Shәmsaddindi –ólim, al, Djalaladdindi ómirinen de artyq sýigen adamynan aiyrylu baqytsyzdyghy kýtip túrghanyn sol mezgilde ekeui de sezgen joq. Bir-birimen syrlasyp, eki úly kemenger birining tanymyn ekinshisi terendetip, ruhany syrlasudyng shyn baqyty men lәzzatyna bólenip jatty.
1247 jyly Shәmsaddin ayaq astynan mәngilikke joghalyp ketti. Býgingi kýnge jetken keybir derekterge jýginsek, ol Djalaladdinning kishi úlynyng arandatuymen pyshaqtap óltirilip, mýrdesi qúdyqqa laqtyrylghan. Dәruishting sýiegin Djalladdinning sýiikti úly Súltan-Veled izdestirip tauyp, ziratqa aparyp jerleydi. Biraq Shәmsaddinning ólimi jónindegi jan týrshigerlik oqighany ol әkesine estirtpeydi.
Djalladdiyn qaytadan kýizelip, qayghydan qamyghyp, janyn qoyargha jer tappay ústazyn izdep eki ret Damaskige barady. Shәmsaddinning qayghyly jaghdaygha úshyraghanyn sezgen Djalaladdinning ómir sýrgisi kelmey, kónili qúlazyp, sezimi múz qúrsanady.
Úly mahabattyng sәulesi mәngilikke sóndi. Endi ómir sýrude de esh maghyna qalmaghanday. Jandy janshyghan qasiretti, jýrekti jaralaghan qayghyny kim emdey alady? Kim? Adamdar, ne degen qatygezsinder. Allanyng jerge jibergen elshisine, dәttering shydap, qalay senderding qoldaryng kóterildi? Qalay? Arystan edi ghoy, Shәmsaddiyn! Asqar taudan da biyik edi ghoy - onyng ruhy! Telegey tenizden de tereng edi ghoy- onyng tanymy! Aspandaghy Kýnnen de meyirimdi edi ghoy - onyng jýregining sәulesi. Asqar taularyndy shóktirip, telegey tenizderindi sualtyp, atqan kýnderindi batyryp –armandaryna jettinder me, beysharalar?
Djalaladdinning ruhany izashary, әri syrlasyn joqtap, qalay kýizelgeni jayynda onyng úly Súltan-Veledtting «Valad-name» poemasynda sheber surettelgen joldar kóp.
Ruhany syrlasyn mәngi joghaltqanyn sezgen ýrey Djalaladdinning aqylynan adastyrghanday kýige týsirdi. Júrt endi ony jyndanyp kete me dep te shoshydy. Qúday saqtap, qayghy qabyrghasyna qansha batsa da Djalaladdin aqyl-esin joghaltqan joq, búrynghy qyzmetine de qaytyp barmady. Ómirine shuaghyn shashyp, janyn núrlandyrghan adamynan ayyrylghan Djalaladdin onyng ruhany izbasary bolugha bel buyp, birjolta aqyndyq jolgha týsti...
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Shamasy Djalaladdin búryn-sondy da poeziyada baghyn synap kórgen boluy tiyis. Biraq Shәmsaddinmen dostyghy, kenetten odan aiyrylyp janynyn qinaluy, aqynnyng jýregin ottay jandyryp, kemengerlik qabiletin oyatty. Ol shynayy adamgershilik sezimning sәulesi tógilgen, maghynasy teren, boyauy qúlpyrghan oily jyrlar jaza bastady. Aqynnyng «Divanyna» engen búl ghazaldardyng kóbisine ol Shәmsi dep te qol qoyyp, osynday jolmen ruhany syrlasynyng mәngilikke joghalmaghanyn, jan әleminde ómir sýrip jatqanyn kórsetkisi keldi.
Djalaladdin talantynyng taghy bir qyry - muzykalyq daryny. Aqynnyng sybyzghy tartugha erekshe beyimi boldy. Shәmsaddin joghalyp ketkennen keyin ol jalpygha ortaq minajattar úiymdastyryp, muzykanyng yrghaghymen osy salt ýshin arnayy shygharylghan ghazelderdi jyrlady. Keyin Djalaladdin búl saltqa ol ýshin Shәmsaddindi izdeu men sol nәzik ýmitining ýzilgenin bildiruding kórinisi bolyp tabylatyn biydi de engizdi. Múnday zikir salular sama degen atqa ie boldy. Sopylar qauymynyng kýndelikti tәjiriybesinde ol Rumy samany ózining aghayyndyghyna engizgenge deyin de bar-túghyn. Sopylar muzyka qúdiretining adamdardyng sezimi men kónil-kýiin qalay bauray alatynyn jaqsy týsindi. Djalaladdin Koniyadaghy dәruishterding jalpy jiyndarynyng saltyna birinshi ret muzyka men biydi engizdi jәne túnghysh ret ony medresede qoldandy. Rumiyding quanyshqa toly kónil kýiining jemisi ispetti poetikalyq múrasy onyng zikir salu barysynda dýniyege kelgen shygharmalary bolyp tabylatynyn da aita ketken lәzim.
Zikir salu salty aghayyndyqta birte-birte qalyptasty da Rumiyding әuleti Pir Adiyle Cheleby (1460 jyly dýnie salghan) kezinde zandastyryldy. Zikir salu túraqty rejissurasy men ssenariyi, kezektesip keletin әnmen sýiemeldenetin biylerding yrghaghy bar ózinshe bir teatrlandyrylghan kóriniske ainaldy. Egjey-tegjeyli dayyndalghan búl kýrdeli rәsimde úiymdastyrushylardyng ózderimen birge kórermender de jappay jeligu men eliruge týsip, ózin-ózi biyley almay jatty. Batys Europada múnday zikir salushylyqty qoldanghan «Mavlaviy» aghayyndyghy «dóngelengen dәruishterding ordeni» dep ataldy.
Djalaladdinge onyng kónilin shabyttandyratyn, jan dosyn eske salatyn adamsyz ómir sýru qiyngha soqty. Sondyqtan da ol 1249 jyly Shәmsaddinning basqa bir adamnyn, atap aitsaq, Koniyadan shyqqan óz isining altyn sheberi Salahaddin Faridun Zarkubanyng shәkirti beynesinde ómirge qaytyp oralghanyn jalpaq júrtqa jariyalady. Sóitip, esh bilimi joq, sypayy, әri sýikimdi jas jigitti ol agha shәkirti, yaghni, ózining orynbasary (halifa) etip taghayyndady. Búl oqigha shәkirtterining naryzylyghyn tughyzyp, ony óltiruge astyrtyn әreket te oilastyryla bastady. Olardyng zymiyan әreketterin sezip qalghan Djalaladdin eger de Fariddungha qanday da bir zúlymdyq jasalsa, Koniyany mәngilikke tastap ketetinin eskertip, tútanyp bara jatqan janjaldy toqtatty. 1258 jyldyng 29 jeltoqsanynda Salahaddin kenetten qaytys boldy. Jany jabyrqap, qaytadan qayghynyng tenizine batqan aqyn jýreginen múnly jyrlar tógildi. «Kýn úyasyna batty, ay kóterildi, ony da búlttar jauyp tastady» dep jazdy ol sol jyldary tughan bir óleninde. Aqynnyng búl ataqty jyry «biraq júldyz tudy» dep ayaqtalady. Djalaladdin sәuegeylik tanytyp boljaghan júldyz Husamaddin Hasan edi. Ol aqynnyng naghyz dosy men kómekshisine ainaldy. Parsy әdebiyeti alty bólimnen túratyn «Mәsnaviy» poemasynyng dýniyege kelgeni ýshin eng aldymen osy adamgha qaryzdar. Shәkirtterining atynan ótinish jasap ol Djalaladdindi ataqty poemany jazugha kóndirdi. Kólenkesi siyaqty artynan qalmay, auzynan shyqqan sózderining bәrin qaghazgha týsirip otyrdy. «Mәsnaviy» poemasyn Rumy 1258 jyly bastap, birinshi bólimin 1261 jyly ayaqtady.
Ayaq astynan әieli dýnie salyp, aqyn eki jylday poemany jazudan qol ýzip qaldy. 1263 jyly júmys qaytadan jalghasyn tauyp, ol kýni-týni enbektendi. Songhy 6 dәpterdi 1270 jyly ayaqtady. Búl ýlken tuyndysyn jazugha aqynnyng 12 jyl ómiri ketti. Qaytys bolarynyng aldynda aqyn poemasyn qayta qarap shyghyp, kóp jerlerin týzetti. Úly men Husamaddin kezektesip oghan poemany oqyp berip, aqyn keybir týsiniksiz tústardy óndedi.
Shyghystyng úly shayyry Rumy artyna mol múra qaldyrdy. Shayyrdyng ómirbayanyn zertteushilerding aituynsha 26 640 bәiitten túratyn ataqty poemasynan bólek (belgili aghylshyn shyghystanushysy R.Nikolisonnyng jariyalaghysy kelgen segiz tomnan túratyn ghylymy basylymy 25 632 bәiitten túrady) bizge jetken biraz múrasy bar. Atap aitsaq olar: 1) «Divan jәne Shәms» («Shәmsaddinning ólender jinaghy»). Rumy shygharmashylyghynyng bilgiri irandyq Bady az-Zaman Faruzanfardyng arqasynda 1957-1963 jyldary Tehranda jaryq kórgen segiz tomnan túratyn jinaqta 60 myng óleng joldary bar. 2) Úly jazyp alghan ýsh tomdy qúraytyn prozalyq shygharmalary. Búl tuyndylar da әr jyldary Tehran men Stambulda jaryq kórdi.
Djalaladdin Rumy 1273 jyldyng 17 jeltoqsanynda Koniyada qaytys bolyp, Alladdin Kaykuba I-ding kezinde salynghan mazardaghy әkesining janyna jerlendi.
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Jaryq dýniyege kelgen pende balasynyng bәri de ózi ómir sýrgen dәuirding perzenti bolghandyqtan sol zamanda qalyptasqan tanymdy ruhany azyq etedi. Sondyqtan da aidarynyn jel esip túrmaghan uaqytta ómir sýrgen Rumiyding diny iydeologiya ýstemdik etken kezende shygharmashylyqpen ainalysqanyn esten shygharmaghan abzal. Orta ghasyrdaghy sonday dýniyetanymdardyng bir týri músylmandyq mistisizm- sufizm (sopylyq) boldy.
Djalladdin Rumy sopylyq poeziyanyng atasy, al, shayyrdyng «Mәsnaviy» poemasy onyng shyny bolyp sanalady. Sopylyq dýniyetanymnyng ómirge qalay kelgenin jәne onyng qalay damyghanyn bilmey jatyp shayyr shygharmashylyghyna tereng ýnilip, túnghiyghyna boylay almaytynymyz da aqiqat. Sol sebepten de búl jóninde jazghan ghalymdardyng enbekterine sýiene otyryp, osy bir kýrmeui kýrdeli aghymnyng tarihymen tanystyryp, shamamyz jetkenshe onyng týiinin tarqatyp berudi oqyrman aldyndaghy paryzymyz sanadyq.
Býkil músylman elderine tarap, Ispaniya, Sisiliya men Balqangha deyin jetken qúrylymy kýrdeli, kóp qyrly búl aghym jóninde әli kýnge ghylymda birynghay kózqaras joq. Bizding biletinimiz óz damuynyng alghashqy kezeninde sopylyq (VIII – IH ghasyrdyng ortasy) taqualyqtan irgesin aulaq salyp, derbes diniy-filosofiyalyq-etikalyq ghylymgha ainaldy. Ásirese, búl erekshelik sopylyq aghymynyng damuynyng ekinshi jәne odan keyingi kezenderining (H-HI men HI –HIV ghasyrdyng ayaghy) enshisine tiyesili. Búl mezgilde sopylyq ejelgi iydealistik mistikalyq filosofiya men hristiandyq teologiyany jergilikti ghibadattyq dәstýrmen ýilestire otyryp, ony boyyna sinirip, ózine iykemdep aldy. Sondyqtan sopylyq degenimizde ony bir ghana emes, barlyghyn da bir ýlken maqsat biriktirgen birneshe aghymdar men mektepting qúiyndysy retinde qabyldau qajet. Olardyng kózdegen maqsattaryna jetuining tәsilderi de әr týrli boldy (psihotrening, dene jattyghulary). Basqasha aitqanda sopylyq degenimiz – islam shenberindegi erekshe diniy-filosofiyalyq dýniyetanym. Aghymnyng ókilderi ózin ózi úmytu men jýrektegi mahabbat arqyly, qúdaydy izdegen pendege shuaghyn shashatyn ishki núrlanu jolymen adamnyng úly Jaratushymen ruhany syrlasa alatynyna kәmil sendi. Orta ghasyrda múnday aghymdar kóp bolghandyqtan, mistika sol kezdegi iri diny jýielerding (iudaizm, hristiandyq, buddizm, induizm) bәrine enip ketti.
Músylman sopylarynyng maqsaty – mistikalyq jolmen qúdaydy tanu. Osynday diny iydealgha olar ózderining barlyq peyilderi men minez-qúlyqtaryn baghyndyrdy. Al, mistikalyq «jol» tújyrymynyng iydeyasy adamnyng izgilikti túrghydan tazaruy men kemeldenuine negizdelgen. Resmy din basylarynyng ashyq qarsylyghyna úshyraghanyna qaramastan sopylyq iydeyasy әlemdegi músylman elderining bәrine tez tarap, tamyryn terenge jiberdi. Atalghan iydeyalar islamnyng qatqyl rasionalizmin júmsartyp, belgili bir dәrejede oghan ruhanilyq ta alyp keldi, adam jәne onyng qogham men tabighattaghy ornyn basqasha saralaugha jol ashty. Osyghan oray kóptegen zertteushiler sopylyqtan tek diny filosofiyany ghana emes, sonday-aq, islamnyng búqaralyq dinin kóruge beyim túrady. El arasyna taraghan sonday, keninen taraghan baghyttardyng biri «birynghay bolmys» pen «birynghay mәn» (vahdat al-vudjud) tújyrymyna negizdelgen baghyt. Atalghan baghyttyn filosofiyalyq zerttemesining týiinin jasap bergen adam, ómir boyy Tayau Shyghystaghy arab elderinde ómir sýrgen Djalaladdin Rumiyding izashary - Andaluziyadan shyqqan mistik Ibn әl-Arabiy.
Negizinde búl aghymnyng panteizmnin* emes, «mistikalyq monizmnin»** teosofiyalyq***tújyrymy bolyp tabylatyny taygha tanba basqanday kórinip túr. Óitkeni, panteizm qúdaylyqtyng tabighatta, tabighattyng qúdaylyqta ajyrymay ómir sýretinin moyyndaydy. Al, Ibn әl-Arabiyde bolsa jaratushy birynghay maghynalyq joghary shyndyq retinde eki týrli qyrynan týsindiriledi: anyqtaluy mýmkin emes jәne kóptikke jol bermeytin jasyryn, bilinbeytin jәne tanylmaytyn ýlgide (batiyn), sonan-son osy shyndyq ózi sekildi etip jaratqan әr aluandyghymen, sonday-aq mәnining kóptigimen kórinis tapqan (zahiyr) ýlgisinde. Yaghni, eger de Alla әlemdi ózining qalauy boyynsha jaratqan derbes jaratushy bolsa, qúday men tabighattyng bir birinde ómir sýrui mýmkin emes, qúday mýlde tanylmaytyn, adam sanasynan joghary túrghan, al tabighat pende balasynyng kóz aldyndaghy qúbylys. Búnday ziyatkerlik sopylyq - iydealistik teoriyanyng negizi bolyp sanalady.
Ziyatkerlikten basqa, negizi eki mektepten túratyn, kóptegen aghymdar men baghyttar úsynghan «tәjiriybelik» sopylyq ta bar. Olardyng eki mektebi de qúdaymen baylanysu mýmkindigi iydeyasyn damytty. Birinshileri quanyshty kýidegi eliru jaghdayynda, terendetilgen meditasiya men qúdaydyng atyn qaytalau nәtiyjesining kómegimen adamnyng jany jaratushymen baylanysa alatynyna shәk keltirgen joq. Sonymen birge olar jannyng qas-qaghym sәtke syrtqy әlemmen baylanysy ýzilgenimen, ol ózining týp negizining sapasyn joghaltpaytynyna ilandy. Ekinshi mektep bolsa, jan osynday sәtte jaratushylyqpen tútasyp onymen tenesedi, ózining derbes belgilerin ghana emes, sonday-aq, týp negizinen aiyrylyp, qúdaylyq mәnge ie bolady dep eseptedi. Ózining quanyshty kýiine parasat biyiginen qaray alghan jәne ony baqylay alghan birinshi mektep «parasattylyq» mektebi degen atqa ie boldy. Ómirge degen kózqarastarynda auytqushylyq joq adamdar da ony moyyndady. Al, «mastanu» men «quanysh kýiining shattyghy» atalghan ekinshi mektep din basylarynyng qatty narazylyghyn tughyzyp, olardyng ókilderin dinbúzarlarghy ýshin aiyptady.
Kedeyler men qalanyng ortasha toptary: shaghyn saudagerler, ortasha kópester, qolónershiler, kishi-girim sheneunikter, tómengi dәrejeli din adamdary, studentter sopylyqtyng әleumettik arqauy
* qúdaymen tabighatty qatar qoyatyn diny filosofiyalyq aghym
**dýniyening negizinde bir ghana bastama bar dep tanityn filosofiyalyq baghyt
***ana dýniyemen» qatynasudyng mýmkinshiligi turaly; joqty-bargha senushilikti quattaytyn diniy-mistikalyq ilim
bolyp qyzmet etti. Sopylyq qauymnyng qolónershiler jәne kópestik birlestiktermen tyghyz qarym-qatynasta boluy olargha kópshilikting materialdyq qoldauyna ie bolyp, әleumettik tirek tabuyn qamtamasyz etti. Osylaysha sopylyq kedeyler jәne ortasha toptardyng iydeologiyasyna ainaldy. Sondyqtan da halyqtyng basym bóligining qoldauyna qol jetkizgen búl aghym resmy biylikke qarsy oppozisiyada boldy.
Kóptegen aghayyndyqtar men qauymdar biylikpen qanday da bir qarym-qatynas ústaudan bas tartudy ózderining paryzy sanady. HII-HIV ghasyrlardaghy Kishi Aziyadaghy, Iran men Maurennahrdaghy kóterilisterding kóbisine sopylar jetekshilik jasady. Al, Djalaladdin ómir sýrgen jәne shygharmashylyqpen ainalysqan zamandaghy Rum súltanatyndaghy mistikalyq qozghalystyng jay-japsaryna kelsek, qalalyq toptardyng keng qoldauyn iyelengen jәne qolónershilerding qúpiya kәsiby birlestikterimen (futuvva) baylanys ústaghan sopylyqtyn feodaldyqqa qarsy kónil-kýige berilgen, yqpaldy diny qozghalys bolghanyn tolyq senimmen aita alamyz. Alayda, HVI ghasyrgha deyin sopylyq kertarpta diny aghymgha ainala qoyghan joq.
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Dýnie jaratylghannan beri adam balasy Mәngilikting syryn zerttep - Qúday men Aqiqatty izdeumen keledi. Aqiqat pen Qúday pende týgil, payghambarlyq zerdening de týsindirip bere almaytyn qúdireti ekenin bile túrsaq ta, sol bir tylsym qúbylystyng qúpiyasyn tanyghymyz kelgen yntyzarlyghymyz, adamdyq sanamyz oyanghan kýnnen beri tolastaghan emes.
Bir ghajaby, Qúdaydy izdegen sayyn adam balasy óz bolmysyn terenirek tanyp, Allanyng júmbaghy búrynghydan da beter kýrdelene týsti.
Bir ghajaby, Aqiqatty izdegen sayyn adam balasynyng ashqan shyndyghy kóbeyip, Aqiqattyng auyly kýnnen-kýnge bizden alystap barady.
Eki úly júmbaqtyng syryn izdep, ashqaraq sezimin qanaghattandyra almaghan sanaly tirshilik iyesining Aqiqat pen Qúdaylyq sәuleni saghynyp, aqyn jyrlaryna ýniletin sebebi de sondyqtan bolsa kerek. Óitkeni, jazghan jyrlary Allanyng qazynasy bolyp tabylatyn aqyndar bizden góri Aqiqat pen Qúdaygha bir taban jaqyn túr.
Mýmkin, sodan ba eken, Rumy jyrlaryn oqyghanymda aqylym jetpey jýrgen Aqiqattyng elesin kórip, Qúdaydyng ruhany didaryn sezgendey erekshe bir kónil-kýiding qúshaghynda balqyghanym, adamzat balasynyng bәrin de sýngge qúdireti jetetin Allanyng mahabbatyna bólengendey shattanghanym da, sondyqtan ba eken.
«Mahabbat ýshin bәrine de tәuekel et» - deydi shayyr. Óitkeni, ómirding mәni – mahabbatta. Úly aqyn Allagha berilgen shynayy mahabbaty arqyly ómir boyy Qúdaylyq mәndi izdedi.
Rumy óz últynyng әdebiyetine sheberlik pen súlulyqtyng ýlgisi bolyp qalghan, symbaty bólek poetikalyq stili qalyptastyryp ketken – parsy poeziyasynyng payghambary. Áriyne, shayyr taqyr jerge ósip shyqqan bәiterek emes. Poeziya әlemining alyp shynyna kóterile otyryp, ol Sanay men Attardyng jyrlarynan taghylym alghanyn jasyrmaydy. «Attar – búl mening janym, al, Sanay bolsa - mening ruhany janarym», -deydi ol bir jyrynda, ústazdaryna degen sheksiz sýiispenshiligin jasyra almay.
Bir qyzyghy júrttyng bәri de moyyndaghan kemenger bola túra Rumy ózin aqyndardyng da, filosoftardyng da, danalardyng da qataryna jatqyzghan joq. Jýreginen tughan jyrlary arqyly ol ómir boyy Qúdaygha berilgen mahabbatyn dәleldeudi ómirlik múratyna ainaldyrdy.
Rumiyding týsiniginde adam balasy Jaratushysyn tanu ýshin ýnemi ózining materialdyq baghynyshtylyghynan biyik bolugha úmtylyp keledi. Adam tek tәn men jannyng ghana qúiyndysy emes. Tәnnin, jannyn, sana-sezimning jәne jiyi-jii oghan Qúdaydyng sәulesi týsip túratyn «nәzik ruhtan» jaratylghan qúbylys. Bastapqy ýsheui adam balasynyng bәrining de boyynda bar qasiyet bolghanymen, songhysy, tek payghambarlar men «Qúdaydyng nazary týskenderdin» ghana enshisine búiyrghan qúziret.
Rumy Allanyng qalaulylaryn «Qúdaydyng qyrandaryna» teneydi. Úly Jaratushy adamdardyng esine Qúdaydyng zandaryn salyp túru ýshin oqtyn-oqtyn olardy Jerge jiberip túrady. Olardyng әr qaysysy eli men jerine adal qyzmet ete jýrip, adam balasyna onyng ruhany terendigin qaytaryp berip otyrady. Diny mindetterdi yqylaspen oryndau adamnyng Jaratushygha degen - adaldyghynyng kórinisi. Taqualyq is pen Allagha qúlshylyqty Rumy erekshe baghalaydy.
Rumiyding pikirinshe, adamnyng Qúdaylyq mәnge mistikalyq jolmen qúiylyp ketui (Fana) sheksiz. Kýnning kóz shaghylystyratyn núryna qaramastan, shyraqtyng jalyny ózining mazdauyn toqtatpaytynynday mistik te Qúday bar kezde ózining daralyq qasiyetin joghaltpaydy. Jan týsinigi Rumiyding úghymynda - Qúday patshalyghyndaghy adamnyng oy sanasy.
«Sening beynenning sәulesi, basqalar kórmeytin jýrek soghysynday – mening janymnyng jarqyly. Sening súlulyghyng arqyly – mahabattan taghylym aldym. Sening auzyng mening jyrymdy tughyzyp jatqan». (Audarmamnyng nasharlyghy ýshin oqushymnan keshirim súraymyn).
Adamgha qajetti ruhany baylyqtyng bәri de jýregimiz sezgenmen, maghynasyn asha almay jatqan kýrdeli úghymdardyng astarynda jasyrynghan. Osyny tereng týsingen Rumiyding nәzik janynan Allanyng núrynday shalqyghan tanghajayyp jyrlardyng tasqyny tógildi.
Rumiyding Tәnirlik súlulyqty tanugha úmtylghan qúlshynysy shayyrdyng Shәmsaddin Tәbrizige berilgen sheksiz mahabbatynda airyqsha kórinis tapty. Dj.Hodjsonnyng atap ótkenindey, «Shәmsaddin Tәbrizige tabynuy arqyly Rumy ózining Qúdaygha degen shynayy mahabbatyn tapty». Al, Shәmsaddin sheksiz mahabattyng Úly Jaratushygha aparatyn dúrys jol jәne ol turaly naghyz ilim bolyp tabylatynyn ósiyet etip ketken bolatyn. Sondyqtan da ony júrt «Mahabattyng әmirshisi» dep ataghan.
Aqiqat degenimiz adam tabighatynda jasyrynghan - Allanyng júmbaghy. Ol júmbaqtyng syryn tek mahabbat arqyly ghana týsine alamyz. Basqa eshkim de dәl Rumy siyaqty mistikalyq ghibadattyng terende jasyrynghan júmbaghyn asha alghan joq.
Adam balasynyng Jaratushygha qúlshylyq etken әr ghibadaty júmaq baghyna aparatyn - Allanyng iygiligi. Jan әlemindegi ruhany kózi ashylghan kýni adam býkil әlemning Allanyng syiy ekenin týsinedi. Dýnie jalghannyng qyzyghyn quyp úzaq jyldar boyy sening adasuyng mýmkin, biraq, Qúdaydyng nazary týsken kýni sen jýrekting qazynasy bolyp tabylatyn naghyz mahabattyng mekenin tabasyn. Osho aitpaqshy, mahabbat sening adamdyq tabighatyndy ózine qaytaryp beredi. Ol saghan úly quanysh jәne ony mәngilik etu baqytyn syilaydy.
Rumy poeziyasyn oqyghanda tenizding túzdy suynday sol mahabattyng dәmin sezesin. Aqyn sózding syrtqy әsemdigine asa qyzyqpaydy, ol ýshin sóz qúdaylyq mәnge ie bolghan mahabbatyn jetkizuding qúraly ghana. Aqyn quraydan jasalghan sybyzghynyng әuenimen ýilesim tapqan tilding tútas bir teoriyasyn da oilap shyghardy. Óleng ol tek qana sózdik jәne maghynalyq jarasym ghana emes. Muzykalyq ta ýilesim. Naghyz poeziyany adamnyng janynda oinaghan әuen tughyzady.
Rumy shygharmalarynyng stilii de erekshe bolyp keledi. Aqyn shygharmashylyq prosesi barysynda ólenderin әndetip oqyp, izbasarlary onyng shygharghan jyrlaryn muzykalyq aspaptardyng sýiemeldeuimen әndetip aitugha tiyis bolypty. El arasynda keninen taraghan bir anyzda Rumiyding óz odalaryn biylep jýrip shygharghany aitylady. Osyghan oray Rumiyding sýiikti shәkirti Salahaddin Zarkubamen túnghysh ret kezdeskendegi bolghan oqigha esimizge týsip otyrghany.
Bir kýni Rumy kóshede kele jatyp Salahaddinning ýiining qasynan óte berip, boyyndaghy sezimin tejey almay, onyng balghasynyng tyqylyna qarap qimyl jasay bastaydy. Sol kýnnen bastap óleng shyghararda oghan qanday da bir әuen izdeudi ol daghdy qylady. Aqyn jyrlarynyng sezim yrghaghy kóp jaghdayda dәstýrlik klassikalyq parsylyq ólshemge sәikes kele bermeydi.
Rumy mahabbat taqyrybyn jerine jetkizip jyrlaghan aqyn. Aqynnyng mahabbat qúdiretimen núrlanghan jyrlaryn oqyghanda janyng tazaryp, ruhyng biyiktey týsedi, Allanyng meyirimin sezgendey bolasyn. Biz ony adamdargha adal qyzmet etip, Allagha jan-tәnimen berilgen aqyn bolghany ýshin erekshe qúrmetteymiz.
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Áriyne, Rumy jayly sóz bolghan son, aqynnyng ataqty shygharmasy «Mәsnaviy» poemasyna toqtalmay kete almaymyz. Auqymy jaghynan Firdousiyding «Shah-name» dastanymen tenese almaghanymen, Gomerding «Illiada» jәne «Odisseya» poemalaryn qosqandaghy kólemine para-par, Dantening «Qúdaylyq kommediyasynan» eki ese ýlken tuyndy ol.
Aqyn shygharmasynyng qalay ómirge kelgeni jayly býginge kýnge jetken mynanday bir anyz bar.
Djalaladdinning shәkirtterining kónil-kýileri men oilarynan jaqsy habardar Husammadin bir kýni sәtin tauyp ústazyna bylay deydi: «Asa qúrmetti myrzamyz, siz óz shәkirtterinizge dәris pen súhbat barysyndaghy әngimelerinizdegi aitylatyn oilarynyzdy jinaqtap, Sanay men Attardyng poemalarynday tuyndy jaza alar ma ediniz? Sizding ghazelderinizde ol bar, alayda, mistikalyq joldyng erejeleri ret-retimen bir kitapta bayandalsa núr ýstine núr bolar edi». Aqyn sol sәtte qorjynan qaghaz alyp, óz qolymen «Mәsnaviydin» 18 beyitin bir demde jazyp tastap, ony Husamaddinning qolyna ústatypty. Shyghystyng úly shayyrynyng ataqty tuyndysyndaghy «Sybyzghynyng әni» dep atalatyn kirispesi osylay jazylghan eken. Áriyne, búl әngime sol dәuirden jetken anyz bolghanymen, shyndyqqa bir taban jaqyn. Óitkeni, Rumy poemasynyng jazylu tarihyn bayandaytyn derekterding bәrinde de osy әngime aitylady.
«Mәsnaviy» - aqyn shygharmashylyghynyng eng úly shyny. Búl shygharmagha «parsy tilinde jazylghan Qúran» retinde bagha berilgennen beri «Mavlaviy» bauyrlastyghynyng mýsheleri men onyng ilimin qoldaushylar oghan tamsanyp, madaqtaumen keledi. Sopylyq ilimge moyynsúnghandardyn ishinde talay-talay talantty tuyndylardy ómirge әkelgen aqyndar az emes. Biraq solardyng eshqaysysy da Rumiyding «Mәsnaviy» poemasynday keninen tarap, jan-jaqty zerttelip, týrli pikirler tughyza alghan joq. Qoljazba kýiinde ghana búl poemanyng 500-ge juyq danasy bizde jetti. Maghynasy teren, taghylymy mol poemanyng daralyq tabighatyn egjey-tegjeyli taldaghan ghylymy enbekterding bәrine toqtalatyn bolsaq, әngimemiz býgin bitpeydi. Sondyqtan da biz Rumiyding «Mәsnaviy» poemasyn jan-jaqty zerttegen enbekterge sholu jasamay-aq, belgili ghalym Oleg Feodorovich Akumishkinning ghylymy enbegine sýiene otyryp, shamamyz jetkenshe búl tuyndynyng ereksheligin oqyrmangha qysqasha týsindirip beruge tyrysyp kóreyik.
«Mәsnaviy» poemasyn oqyghanda aqynnyng tabighy zerdesi men bilimining terendigi tang qaldyrady. Poemasyndaghy әngimelerge sujet tabu ýshin aqyn jýzden astam shygharmalargha ýnilgen. Mysaly, asyraushy-shybyn jayly sujetti HI ghasyrda ómir sýrgen arab aqyny satirasynan alghan. Aqyn búl shygharmasyn qolmen jazghan joq, kónil-kýii tasyp, shabyty qozghan uaqytta auyzsha shyghardy. Sondyqtan da poemadan shygharmashylyq ónerdegi suyryp-salmalyqtyng yqpaly aiqyn bayqalady. «Mәsnaviy» poemasynyng qúrylymy da kýrdeli. Ádebiyettegi izasharlary Sanay men Attargha eliktep. Rumy óz shygharmasyn anyz ben taghylymdyq әngimeler týrindegi didaktikalyq formada jazdy. Sonymen qatar «Mәsnaviy» poemasyn jazghan shayyrdyng shәkirtterining músylmandyq mistisizmge qatysty ótinishin qanaghattandyryp, әleumettik tapsyrysty oryndaghanyn da úmytpaghan abzal. Sol sebepten de ol óz shygharmasynda músylmandyq ezoterizmning irgetasy bolyp sanalatyn Qúran men Múhammed payghambar turaly hadisterge jii jýgindi. Qúrandy parsy tiline audara otyryp, odan 760 ret óleng jolyn, hadisten 745 mysal keltirgen. Qúrandaghy jyr joldaryn allegoriyalyq jolmen týsindire kelip, ózining hadisterge baylanysty týsinikterin dәleldey týsu maqsatymen oqyrmangha arnap Qúrandaghy jekelegen ólender men payghambarlar turaly anyzdardyng qúpiya maghynasyn asha týsedi.
«Mәsnaviy» poemasyndaghy qanday da bir moralidyq-etikalyq nemese sopylyq erejelerding týsindiruding jýiesi tómendegidey bolyp keledi: teza (mistikalyq postulat), sodan keyin ony dәleldeu (qúrannan óleng nemese hadiys), sosyn jarqyn mysal (anyz, әngime, miniaturalyq novella), sonan song tújyrym (sentensiya nemese uaghyz kýiinde).
Songhy jyldary poemada bayandalghan negizgi iydeyalar men sopylyq doktrinalarynyng beybereketsizdigi jayly da әngime aityla bastady. Europa oriyentaliysi Yu.Balikting pikirine sýiensek, «Mәsnaviy» ózining qúrylymy jaghynan Attardyng «Illahiy-name» («Qúdaylyq turaly kitap») poemasyn eske týsiretin tuyndy. Búl poema da shekarasyn Rumiyding ózi belgilep bergen ýsh derbes bólimnen túrady. ng.Baldikting osy aitqandaryn dәldeldeu ýshin keltiretin dәlelderi mynanday: «Mәsnaviydin» birinshi bólimi, Qúday men Aqiqatty izdeuding jolyna týsken adam arylugha tiyis adamnyng qúmarlyq sezimderine arnalghan (birinshi dәpterding mazmúny), óitkeni, zúlymdyq pen jalghandyq, Saytangha eligu kónil pәstigining kórinisi (ekinshi dәpterding mazmúny). Ýshinshi jәne tórtinshi dәpterler ekinshi bólimdi qúraydy. Ondaghy әngimelerding maghynasyn Rumy sertin búzghan ghashyq pen Músa payghambar turaly әngimemen týiindeydi. Saytandy perishte almastyratyn búl bólimning negizgi taqyryby – absolutti Sana, adamnyng aqyly men bilimning qarym-qatynasy. Ýshinshi bólimde (besinshi jәne altynshy dәpterler) birynghay mәndik Bolmysty dәleldep, adamdyq bolmysty teristeytin taqyryp mazmúndalghan. Onda absoluttik Ruh pen Aqiqattyng mistikalyq tújyrymy týsindiriledi.
Rumy poemasy halyqtyng ystyq yqylasyna bólengen, danqy jer jarghan biregey tuyndygha ainaldy. Búl shygharmanyng zor tabysqa qol jetkizuining basty sebebi aqynnyng mistikalyq teoriya men tәjiriybeni úshtastyrghanynda ghana emes, kýrmeui kýrdeli filosofiyalyq tújyrymdardy óte qarapayym, úghynyqty tilmen bayandap berip, oqyrman jýregine jol taba biluinde.
Ol poetikalyq oilau jýiesi eshkimge úqsamaytyn naghyz aqyn. Shayyr poeziyasynyng tilinde әsire boyaular men jasandy súlulyq joq. Bәri de qarapayym jәne bәri de onda shynayy sezimning jibimen kestelengen. Aqyn jyrlarynyng boyauyn anyq, nәshin aiqyn etip jazady. Degenmen, «Mәsnaviy» poemasynyng ómirge kelui onay, jazyluy jenil boldy dep aita almaymyz.
Poemany jazu barysynda, birese aqyn sharshap-shaldyghudy bilmey, jýreginen tughan jyrlardyng tasqynyn Husammaddinge auyzsha aityp shabyt patshalyghynda shalqysa, endi birde tereng oiyn jetkizetin sóz ben oghan layyq úiqas taba almay ailar boyy shygharmashylyq tozaqtyng azabyn shegip, jany auyryp, qatty qinaldy. «Sózder mening jauym, olar maghan baghynbay qoydy» degen aqyn sózderin oqyghanda naghyz úly dýnie tughyzudyng qanday auyr qasiret ekenin jan-tәninmen týsingendey bolasyn.
«Mәsnaviy» músylmandyq mistisizmning naghyz ensiklopediyasy. Tayau jәne Orta Shyghys elderining bәri de ony jatqa oqyp, taghylym aldy. Ásirese, búl tuyndy Iranda, Soltýstik Ýndi eli, Pәkistan men Týrkiyada keninen nasihattalyp, әdebiyetting janasha baghytqa bet búruyna sebepker boldy. Mysaly, Týrkiyada HH ghasyrgha deyin Rumiyding búl ataqty poemasy sol ýshin arnayy salynghan auditoriyalarda talqylanyp, onyng maghynasy jalpaq júrtqa nasihatalyp kelgeni ayan, Al, músylman әlemining bir bóligi bolyp sanalatyn Shyghys Týrkistanda «Nakshbandiy-hodjagan-i-aktagliyk» dәruishterining aghayyndyghynda aqynnyng osy poemasynyng jeti jýzdey bәiitin bilu mindet bolyp sanalghan.
«Mәsnaviy» sopylardyng talay úrpaqtary ruhany shólin qandyrghan sopylyq ensiklopediya men mistikalyq iydeyalardyng qaynar búlaghy ghana emes. Ózining mәnisi teren, taghylymy mol, boyauy qúlpyrghan mysaldarymen aqyn ómir sýrip otyrghan qoghamynyng beynesin sheber jetkizgen. Shygharmanyng ózegi bolyp tabylatyn kóptegen әngimelerining keyipkerlerin aqyn naghyz ómirden alynghanday etip, sonshalyqty shynayy jәne nanymdy etip surettegen.
Sopylargha arnalyp qana jazylghan búl poema jyldar ótkennen keyin barlyq qoghamnyn, ghasyrlar ótkennen keyin barsha adamzattyng ruhany iygiligine ainaldy. Toghyz ghasyrdan beri talay dýnie eskirip, kýresinge laqtyrylsa da «Mәsnaviy» poemasynyng júldyzy búrynghydan da arayly bolyp jarqyrap, әlemge shuaghyn shashyp túr.
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Shyghystyng úly aqyny Rumiyding ómiri men shygharmashylyghy jónindegi әngimemizding sozylyp bara jatqanyn ózimiz de sezip otyrmyz, qymbatty oqushym. Shayyrdyng shygharmashylyq túlghasyn kórsetu ýshin ómir sýrgen dәuiri men ondaghy oryn alghan oqighalar, tirshilik saparynda Shәmsaddindi jolyqtyruy men ruhany syrlasynan aiyrylyp qayghynyng otyna órtenip kete jazdap aqyndyq jolgha týsui t.s.s bәrine toqtalugha mәjbýr boldyq. Onyng ýstine Rumy sopylyq poeziyanyng kórnekti ókili bolghandyqtan, búl aghymnyng tarihymen de tanystyra ketuge tura keldi. Biraq jýz jerden tyrysqanymyzben biz Rumiyding shygharmashylyq talantynyng syryn ashyp berdik dep aita almaymyz.
Nemisting úly aqyny Getening «Faustynda» Jer ruhynyng «Sen ózing tanyghyng kelgen ruhqa tensin» dep aitatyny bar emes pe edi. Biz ózimizding tanymymyz jetken jerge deyin ghana Rumiyding shygharmashylyghynyng terenine boylaugha tyrystyq. Mýmkin, biz ony siz oilaghanday tereng tany almaghan da shygharmyz. Eng bastysy jazghan dýniyemiz qazaq oqyrmanynyng Rumy shygharmashylyghyn tanugha degen yqylasyn oyatyp jatsa, osy maqalany jazugha shyghyndalghan uaqytymyz ben enbegimizdin zaya ketpegeni.
Shynymdy aitsam, maqalany jazarda Rumy tuyndylarynyng baghasyn bergisi kelgen maqsatty da kózdegen joqpyn. Óitkeni ony Uaqyt bayaghyda berip qoyghan. Ol baghanyng aty – Mәngilik.
Abai.kz