Jazushy, alashtanushy ghalym Túrsyn Júrtbaydyng «Besigindi týze!..» kitabynyng jalghasy. Ótken bólimderin myna siltemelerden oqy alasyzdar:

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http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7292    

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http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7851    

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7819    

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7851

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Endigi kezek – Enlikpen Kebektiki. Olargha ýkim aitqan biylerding qysqasha deregi jogharydaghyday. Tek Kóbey turaly mәlimet az. Ruy – Jýzbenbet. Pysyq, tili mayda, Kengirbaydan keyingi sóz týiinin ústaytyn sheshen by osy.

Al osy qos múnlyq kim edi?..

IV

Adal mahabbattyng qúrbany bolghan ghashyqtar jayly alghashqy hikaya 1892 jyly “Dala ualayaty gazetinin” №31-39 sandarynda “Qazaqtardyng esterinen ketpey jýrgen bir sóz” degen atpen basyldy. Sodan keyin Maghauiyanyng “Enlik-Kebek”, “Shәkerimning “Jolsyz jaza” dastandary el arasyna tarady. Songhysy jeke jinaq bop shyqty. 1900 jyly “Dala ualayaty gazeti” “Qazaqtyng túrmysynan hikaya” degen atpen anyz-hissany qaytalap jariyalady. Dastandarda da, qara sózben bayandaghan әngimelerde de, piesada da oqigha Kebekting ang aulap jýrip Nysan abyzgha jolyghuynan bastalady da jarysa, órbiydi. Biz tarihy oqighanyng naqtylyghyn saqtau maqsatymen osy ýsh núsqany retine qaray almastyra paydalanamyz.

Oqigha ótken mezgil – 1775-1780 jyldardyng shamasy. Tobyqty men Matay taypasy jer ýshin talasyp, kisi ólip, biri qúnyker, biri jyghyndy bolyp túrghan alasapyran shaq. Syrtqa shyqpasa da “ata jaulyqtary” basylmay, demigip, qyjyl kóbeye týsken. Eldi birese tatulastyryp, birese óshiktirgen Kengirbay men Espenbetting (búl arada Espenbetti shartty týrde alyp otyrmyz. Onyng sebebi taraudyng sonynda aitylady. T. J.) Uaqytsha ishinen tynshyghan kezi. Toqtamys batyrdyng ataq-bedeli keninen taraghan tús. Kebek onyng jamaghayyn inisi. “Jolsyz jaza” dastanynda Kebekti:

                             Tu tikken Tobyqtynyng qol basshysy,

                             Juantayaq Toqtamys degen kisi.

                             Jamaghayyn jaqyny sol kisinin,

                             Bar eken Kebek degen bir inisi.

                              Ol Kebek myqty bolghan jas basynan,

                              Toqang da tastamaydy óz qasynan.

                              “Jasy bala bolsa da – jany otty” dep,

                              Artyq kórgen ne sabaz joldasynan.

                              On besinde Kebekting atty shyqty,

                              Atty, jayau bәrine birdey myqty.

                              Kózi ótkir, qara tory jigit eken.

                              Orta boyly, tapaldau keng iyqty -

dep tanystyrady.

Barlyq núsqadaghy maghlúmattardy ekshey kelip, pikirdi qoryta aitsaq: “Kebek – “Jaugha batym, jaqyngha әdepti, kishini – ini, ýlkendi – aghalap” túratyn inabatty jigit. Ýilengen”. Al “Dala ualayatyndaghy” әngimede Kebekting Enlikten búryn alghan әieli bolghan, odan taraghan úrpaq bar. Ol әieldi jasynan kórmey aittyrghandyqtan da Kebek mensinbeydi. Erte suynghan. Alayda Shәkerim de, Maghauiya da, Múhtar da o jaghyn qozghamaydy. Kebekting aghasy Toqtamys jonghar shapqynshylyghymen aradaghy songhy shayqasqa attanghan. Mamay da sonda. Auylda qarttar men jas jigitter, әiel men balalar qalghan. Óitkeni elu jyl qyrghyn kórgen halyqtyng mýldem qúryp ketpeui ýshin jongharlardyng keri shegingen kezinen bastap, Abylay han ýilenbegen ne sonynda úrpaq joq jalghyz jigitterdi shayqasqa qatystyrmau túraly jarlyq shygharghan. Bala sýigen song ghana jasaqqa alghan. Kebek te sol sebepti Toqtamysqa ilespey auylda qalghan. Toqtamystyng ziraty Enlik pen Kebek kezdesetin Qaqpaq jartastyng shyghysyndaghy Qydyr jazyghyndaghy dónning ýstinde. Eki arasy – on shaqyrymgha juyq. Juantayaqtyng ejelgi qonysy – Qydyr qyrqasy. Keyin Qúnanbay túsynda Mashangha qaray yghysqan. Sol kezding ólshemimen alghanda Enlik pen Kebekting auylynyng arasy – at shaptyrym jer. Jonghar alatauy jongharlardan tolyq tazartylmaghandyqtan da, mataylar Shynghysty jiyektey qonystanghan. Áli Eshkiólmesting bauyryna kóshpegen. Auyrtpalyqtan arqasy jana bosaghan elding endigi uayymy – qystau men jaylau. Maldyng órisi. Batyrlar men aqyl toqtatqan er-azamat jau ótine attanghanda arttaghy elding dauyn biyler beybit sheship, ru arazdyghyn qozdyrmaugha mindetti. Han Abylaydyng jarlyghy solay. Biraq, el tenteksiz bolmaydy. Nysan abyzdyng da kýnirenip “bereke” izdeui sondyqtan. Shәkerim men Maghauiya búl jaghdaygha toqtalmaydy, Múhtar búl ekeuinen kóp keyin jazghandyqtan da olar nazargha ilmegen derekti piesagha kirgizgen. Ol abyzdyng әieli Tansholpannyng týsi. Sol týs arqyly abyzdyng el, jer turaly ashy zapyranyn syrtqa shygharady. Bir jaghynan Kebekti el tynyshtyghyn búzudan saqtandyrady. “Jau jaghadan alghanda, etekten tartqan bóri” bolmauyn qalaydy. Tóbe qúiqa shymyrlatqan Tansholpannyng týsi mynaday:

“Tansholpan. – týsimde el – ýlken bir sergeldenge týsipti. Tobyqtynyng iygi jaqsysy jiylghan eken. Bәrining de pishini týnergen, kýngirt. Birine-biri jóndi jauap qatpay, bir nәrsening tetigin taba almay del-sal bolghan sekildi. El әri-beri sabylyp, sergeldeng bolyp jýr. Bir uaqytta bireuden kelip “ne boldy” dep súrasam, “Kýnshyghystan órt kelip qaldy, sonyng aqylyn taba almay daghdaryp otyrmyz” deydi. Sol arada bireu kelip: “Toqtamystyng qoly synyp qaldy, sorly mýgedek boldy-au!” -dep qayghyrdy. By kәdimgidey kózinen jas aghyp jylaydy. “El basyn kýn tuyp, tebingiden ter jauyp, qabyrghadan qar jauyp, tar ótkelden ótem be dep edim, әli de bir sybagham aldymda eken ghoy”, - dep. Osy sózi aumastan esimde qapty. Bir týrli shoshyp oyandym. (Týnerip otyrady.)

Abyz: (basyn shayqap). Ózimning birtalaydan týsim búzylyp jýr edi. Tek er-azamat aman bolsyn. Kýnshyghystan shyqqan órt bolsa, matay men bizding el býlinise me, qaytedi? Býlinshilik shyqsa taghy da talaygha baratyn sergeldeng bolar (basyn shayqap) hay, hay... (kýrsinedi)... Jaratqannyng bir jazghany bolar. Orynsyz býlikti eshkim de izdemes. Egesken jaudyng tizesin býgetin edi. Endigi izdeytining bereke boluy kerek”.

Búl shyndyq pa, joq pa, mәsele onda emes. Mәsele – bereke – birlikti izdeui edi. Ókinishke oray toqtam bolmady. Búl týsti Múhtar oqyrmandy oqighagha tikeley aralastyryp әketetin psihologiyalyq barlau retinde qoldanghan. 1943 jylghy piesanyng songhy núsqasynda búl kórinisting bәri qysqartylyp, abyz beynesi kórkemdik shyndyqty beynelgen әdeby obrazgha ainalyp: “Kókey kesti”, “kókey kesti” kýy ne deysin? Ua, ne ghyl deysin?” -dep halqy ýshin kýnirenedi. Demek, alghashqy núsqadaghy Nysan abyzda obrazdyq sypattan góri tirshiliktegi qarapayym әreket nyshany bayqalady. Sonday-aq Enlikting әkesi – Aqan, sheshesi – Qalampyr qatysatyn kórinis te keyin qysqartylyp qalghan zady Múhtar bastapqyda ómirlik derekti barynsha saqtaugha tyrysqan tәrizdi. Onyng bir sebebi: kórermenning kórkem shyndyqty qabyldaugha әzirligining joqtyghy edi. Spektakli qoyylyp jatqanda: “ey, búl ara bylay emes”. “Ana by basqasha aitqan” desip dauryqqan júrtshylyqtyng ynghayymen sanasqan jәne túnghysh tuyndysy bolghandyqtan da kórkemdik kestesining kemshil soghuy zandy da.

“Kez bolsang da úzamay tez bolarsyn” dep Nysan abyz topshylaghanday hannyng biyigine shyghyp, týlki quyp jýrgen Kebek boranda adasyp jýrip Enlikting ýiine keledi. Soghan qaraghanda olar qystyng bas kezindegi qansonarda kezdesken. Enlikting ol kezdegi mekeni – Shynghystyng etegi. Shәkerim qystauynyng etek jaghy. Tuyp-ósken qonysy Qodardyng qara jartasynyng many. Qoshtasu әninde aitylatyn Nayzashoqy, Qarauyltóbe, Bórili, Shynghys – Enlikting jaylauy; Balpan, Shi, Músaqúl, Jiydebay – pishendik jeri. Ákesining aty – Aqan, ruy matay. Dәuletti adam. Jasynda batyr bolghan. Piesadaghyday kedey de, qol qayraty joq әlsiz de emes. Tek kәrilik mýjigen. Enlikting sheshesi naymannyng ishindegi Qarakerey Bayjigit taby, “er Qabanbaydyng jiyeni”. Dәl sol kezde Abylay hannyng bas batyry Jayyldaghy jongharmen bolghan songhy soghysty basqaryp jýrgen. Qay jaghynan alsa da Enlik qorghansyz emes.

Ekeuining de sengen adamy jau ótinde jýr. Sondyqtan da ajalgha arasha týsetin kýiindi adamdary joq bolghandyqtan da at qúiryghyna baylanyp ketti degen tújyrymgha ilanugha da, ilanbaugha da boldy. Mýmkin, Qabanbay men Toqtamys oqighany ushyqtyrmay tyiyp tastauy da. Han jarlyghyna qarsy kelmeytini anyq. Ol ýshin Abylay sózi – búiryq. Mәsele – auylda qalghan biylerding súnghyla Qaramende dәl basyp aitqan “menmendiginde” jәne bozbalalardyng (matay jaghy) jalghan namysshyl keudemsóqtyghynda. Ekinshiden, buyrshyngha búida salghan Enlikting ójet sheshiminde. IYә, Enlikting ózi ajalgha bet týzegen.

Armanda ketip, qyrshynynan qiylghan aru ajaldy emes, baqytyn izdep qara jartastyng týbine kelgen. Naqty oqigha bylay.

Kebek qansonarda han shynynyng basyna shyghyp qyrdyng qyrmyzy týlkisine býrkit salady. Boran bastalyp qúsyn әzer tabady. Sodan Qahan (qazirgi Bókenshi) ózenin boylay, Shynghysty bókterley jýrip, qara jartastaghy Enlikting ýiine, kiyiz ýiine týnemege jetedi. Enlik, әkesi Aqan, sheshesi jәne qoyshy bala (Múhtarda – Japal) tórteui ghana. “Qarsaq jon ghyp” qúrt úsynady. Enlikting er jigitke kónili tolady. Kebek atyna búrynnan qanyq eken. Óz tósegin qonaqqa beredi. Áke-sheshesi úiqygha ketkende sherli qyz jigitti oyatyp múnyn Kebekke aitady: besikte aittyrghan kýieui: – “kýnge de tәjim etetin ynjyq”, bet-auzyn әjim basqan әri kóse, “týnde bolsa úiqydan bas almaytyn, kýndiz eski júrttan asyq izdeytin” aqylsyz, әri sausaghy moltaq bishara bireu eken. Sondyqtan da Kebekke: “Men tatysam, jigiting maghan tatyr”-dep ghúmyrlyq jar etuine tilek bildiredi. Árbir ýshinshi kýn – Qaqpaq qara tastyng týbinde kezdesip, uaz keshedi. Kebektin:

                             Soghysqa syltau tappay otyrghanda,

                             Býldirmelik matay men tobyqtyny -

degen qaupin qyz sózi seyiltip jiberedi.

Qyzyqpen qys ótedi. Eki el bәtuagha keledi. Enlik jýkti bolady. “Bosansam óz qolynda bosanayyn” - dep Kebekpen orda tauyna qashyp ketedi. Búl habardy qoyshy bala qyz әkesine aitady. Qyzynyng kimmen ketkenin bilmey daghdarghan Aqangha rulastarynyng biri iluli týlkini kim bergenin súraydy. Kebekting syilaghan oljasy bop shyghady. Isting basy ashylyp, tobyqtygha súrau salady. Olar shyndyghynda da qyzdan habarsyz edi. Bilmeymiz desedi. Eregespen el barymtagha shyghady. Sol kezde Kóbey Kengirbay biyge barady. Enlikti alyp qashqan Kebek ekenin bilip túryp, bәtualasudan bas tartady. Toqtamystyng keluin kýtedi. Arada bir jarym ay ótedi. Odan keyin taghy da ýsh ay boyy esh mәmile úsynbaghan tobyqtylardyng búl ýnsizdigin mataylar qorlyqqa, basynghandyqqa sanap, óre týregeledi. Olargha sybandar qosylady. Endi ekeuinde ústap beruin talap etedi. Ángime ýlgisindegi núsqada Enlikting aittyrghan jeri – Kerey. Mataylar tauy shaghylghasyn sol kereyge barady. Olar, “Enlikti jibergen qyzdyng әkesi” - dep әlek salady. Eki elding ózara óshtik barymtasy bastalady.

Mine, Kengirbay biyding qateligi osy arada. Ol myna oqighanyng týp tórkinin, jaqsylyqqa әkelmeytinin bile túryp, ýsh ret súrau salghan mataydy jauapsyz qaldyrady. “Al isteytinindi istep al” - degen ishara, qysas búl. Jәne mәmilege shaqyrghan eldi qorlau. Ózining “menmendigin” jene almaghan Qabekeng – Kengirbay bi, búl joly “jenilse, endi barar ruy joq” ekendigin kesh sezip, “kórsetemin, qaytemin tynysh jatam”-dep qos ghashyqqa ara týspeydi.

Prozalyq núsqada: “Kengirbay Kebekting bedelinen seskenip, ony qasaqana ústap beredi deydi. Sonda býtin Tobyqtydan shyqqan Tóbe by Kengirbay aiyptylardy mataygha jaza salu ýshin berudi tilep, Toqtamys by joqta qylyqty qyldy deydi.

Ózining basyna qasiret týskende aqyldy kisi de aqymaq bolyp ketedi. Kebekte qasiret kóbeydi deydi. Búlar ýshin barymtalasyp kóp aghayyn-tughandary óldi. Biraq bir ghapyl bolghan jeri – Kengirbay jamandyq qylady dep oilamaydy, ózi halyqqa qúrmetti bolghan son.

Qar erip, jaz shyqty deydi. Aghash, ormandar, jerler gýldep, bәisheshekter atyp, dýnie adam qaraghanday tamyljyp, kónildi rahattandyryp túrdy deydi. Sonda Kengirbay jýz tobyqty, jýz mataydy jiyp aqshoqynyng basyna shyghyp, aiyp qylghan Kebekti, Enlik súludy, jana tughan balasyn alyp kelip, tergeu qyldy deydi. Sonda mataylar aiyptylardy qolymyzgha ber, óltiremiz dep, dau qyldy deydi. Kengirbay syrtynan Kebekke bolyssa da, ishinen Kebekti óltirgenin tura kóredi deydi, halyq oghan auyp ketpesin dep”. Aqyry qos ghashyq Eraly jazyghy men Taymaq kólining arasyndaghy tóbening topyraghyn tompityp tynady.

Kebekti jar qylugha bekingen de, alyp qashugha mәjbýr etken de, eki elding bәtuasyn búzugha sebepshi bop, ot tastaghan da Enlik múnlyq. Áriyne, oghan jigitting mәrttigi de qosyldy. Shyndyq osy.

Ónerding óz shyndyghy bar. Múhtar soghan jýgingen. Qoyshy balany әngimede Enlikting aghasy – Japalgha ainaldyrady. Enlikting myrtyq әri ynjyq kýieuin “óltiredi” de, onyng ornyna batyr Esen obrazyn oidan qosyp, әmenger etedi. Sonymen Enlikting “jazyqsyz jazyqty” boluyn aqtap alady. Esendi Kebekke óltirtu arqyly qarsy jaqtyng óshpendiligin arttyryp, keshpeytin kekke úlastyrady. Sóitip, tragediyalyq oqighany sahnagha layyqtap, shiyelenistire týsedi. Matay jaghynyng óktemdigin ósire týsu ýshin búl oqighagha esh qatysy joq Espenbetti qosady. Ol da saqaranyng Kengirbay dәrejeles kókjaly, Abylay hannyng kýzet, barlau jaghyn basqarghan aty anyzgha ainalghan sybannyng batyr biyi. Ataqty Aqtamberdi jyraudyng nemere inisi edi. Enlikting naghashy júrtyndaghy azuly adam sol bolatyn. Iri túlghany biyler aitysyn aidyndandyryp kórsetu ýshin alghan. Áytpese, ol kezde Espembet Abylaydyng tapsyrmasymen Tashkentte elshilikte jýrgen. Al Enlikting aittyrylghan jeri kerey edi. Enlik kereyding jesiri. Mataygha yaghny Esenge de, Espenbetke de qatys joq. Al piesadaghy tartys – Kengirbay, Kóbey men Espenbetting arasynda shiryghady. Esen men Espenbetting ekpini qatty. Kengirbaydy da seskendiredi. Aqyry ózi renjitip jibergen Qaramendeni ara aghayyndylyqqa shaqyrady. Kóbeydi bitimge júmsaydy. Jaulyq órti tútanyp, óshiruge iyelik bermeytinin angharghan son, jasyryn sypayy jiberip, eki jasty ústap bermek bop qúpiya sóz baylasady.

Maghauiya:

                             Tobyqtyda sol kýnde Kengirbay biy,

                             Qyz qaynynan astyrtyn alypty syi.

                             Aytady “qyz qaynyna” bitim jerde,

                             Áueli ústap alyp qyzyndy tyi”.

                             ...Qyljyrlyqtan atandyng biyim “Qaban”,

                             Qaban týbi donyz ghoy, bilseng nadan.

                             Ýlken biylik aldynda sóilesermin,

                             Jazasy ne bolady biyding aram, -

dep kýiinishpen jyrlaydy. Piesada: “By (Kóbeylerge): sender de baryndar, onasha... onasha ber maghan Espenbetti” delinedi. Búl kórkemdik shyndyq. Enlik pen Kebek Kishi Ordanyng alqymyndaghy Ýitasqa panalaydy. Ol – ghashyqtyng qabirining basynan alty-jeti shaqyrymday jerde. Eki jaghy – búlaq, jyqpyl-jyqpyly mol, qaltarystaghy ýngir tas. Qazir – ýngirding ýsti qúlap, jadaghaylanyp qalghan. Búlaqtyng kózi bitelgen. Jartastyng keskini saqtalghan. Ekeui sol arada jatyp biylerding ýkimin kýtti. Ýmittene kýtipti. Isting nasyrgha shauyp bara jatqanyn estise de, Kebek basqa jaqqa qashyp ketudi ar sanapty. Kengirbay ózinen elu jyl búryn atalas aghasy Kókenbaydyng Qalqaman men Mamyrgha qoldanghan jazasyn úsyndy. Kebekti ózi jazagha tartpaydy, biraq qorghamaydy da. Eki ghashyq mekendegen Ýitasty núsqap jiberip, Espenbetti tang qaranghysynda Ýitastyng ýstinen týsirdi.

Qyspaqta qalghanyn bayqaghan Kebek Qozykýrenge qarghyp minip, Enlikti artyna mingestiredi de, atyn jartastan tik sekirte qashady. Enlik salmaghyna ie bola almay attan jyghylyp qalady. “Ólsek – birge ólemiz” degen antymdy búzbaymyn dep Kebek jau qolyna ózi kep týsedi. Ekeuin Ashysudyng boyyna alyp keledi de, biri taspen úryp óltirmek bolady, ekinshisi dargha asqysy keledi. Aqyrynda attyng qúiryghyna baylap, Eraly jazyghynda sýiretip óltiredi. Piesada Kebek arqanmen sýiretpey, aty óltiruin tilek retinde aitady. Ol tilegi oryndaldy, әriyne, búl Múhtardyng sahnada oinaugha qolayly boluy ýshin “oylap tapqan amaly”. Olardyng artynda Ermek atty sәby qalady. Maghauiya dastany bylay ayaqtalady.

                             Balagha eshbir pende qaramapty,

                             Tobyqty netken jandar dini qatty.

                             Shetki Aqshoqy basynda besigimen,

                             Desedi bir kýni boyy jylap jatty,

Al piesada: “Japal: (Abyzdy kórmeydi. Qúndaqtaghan balany bauryna alyp) sorly qozym! Qoshaqanym! Jetpey qalghan, jetpey qalghan bauyrym. Aldym seni bauryma. Tastap ketken. Elsiz iyesiz dalagha tastap ketken tas bauyrlar, bóriler!... Osy ma edi el degen?” - dep sherli zar tógedi.

Búl eshqanday da әsireleu emes, qadym zamandaghy qatygez zannyng ómirlik shyndyghy bolatyn.

Sol bir qasiretti zaual kýni Enlik pen Kebekti Eraly jazyghynyng shyghysyndaghy Shúbar tóbege jerlepti. Ol – mang jazyqtyng ortasyndaghy bәige, toy jiyn ótkiziletin, jamby tigiletin oiyn-sauyq orny bolatyn. Endi mahabbat qúrbandarynyng mazary ornady. Jyl ótkesin tastan qalqa túrghyzady. Ataqty Birjan sal Abay auylyna qonaqqa kelgende, Aqshoqydan osynda әdeyi at basyn búryp, mýnәjat etipti (eki arasy – 10-15 shaqyrym). “Orda tauynda otyratyn әigili tas qalau sheberi Ryskeldi degenning Mamay batyrgha zirat túrghyzghanyn estip, Birjan ony shaqyryp alyp Enlik-Kebekting basyna belgi túrghyzudy tapsyrady. Ryskeldi Enlik-Kebekting qabirin qayta sandyqtap, qúima kirpishten shaghyn múnara túrghyzghan. Qabir sandyqshasynyng túrqy tútas, qúbyla jaq basy eki aiyr bolghan. Búl qabirdegi eki adamdy bildirgen ishara bolsa kerek. Keyin múnara qúlap, izi qalghan”. (KSÁ, 4 t, 154-bet). Joq, izi óshken joq. Óshui de mýmkin emes.

Óshpeydi de.

(jalghasy bar)

Abai.kz