Kezinde qazaqtan shyqqan  túnghysh injener-temirjolshy, qogham qayratkeri, tarihshy Múhamedjan Tynyshpaev ózining geografiya, topografiya, geodeziya salasyndaghy kәsiby bilimin paydalanyp, «Qazaqtyng eng úsaq rulary tarihynyng ózi milady jyl sanauynan ary ketetindikten, alashtyng eng iri taypasy - alshyndardyng tarihy da ghasyrlar qoynauyna úlasugha tiyis. Endeshe onyng izderin geografiyalyq ataular men tarihy derekterden izdestirip kóreyik»,[1]dep Alshyn rularynyng etimologiyasyn Tauly Altay toponimderimen baylanystyrghan edi. Qazir qúpiya bolmay qalghan Kenes Armiyasynyng Genshtabynyng iri masshtabtaghy әskeriy-topografiyalyq kartalaryn paydalanyp, Altay– Sayan aimaghynyng әrbir sharshy metrinen sol izderdi izdegende búl ghúlama ghalymnynbir ghasyrgha juyq uaqyt búryn bizge bergen baghyt-baghdarynyndúrystyghyna tәnti bolasyn.  

ÁLIM

Jogharyda Jaqsylyq Sәbitov qazaq Alshyndary 14-ghasyrda ómir sýrgen Alau batyrdan taraydy dep esepteydi dedik.Jaqsylyq negizge alyp otyrghan T.Ýsenbaevting «Alshyn shejiresi» boyynsha Álim-Alau batyrdyng besinshi úrpaghy bolyp keledi. Álim shejire boyynsha Qarakesekting úly, Kәdirqojanyng nemeresi, Aqqojanyng shóberesi, Qyduardyng shópshegi, Alau batyrdyng nemenesi, 3 әieli bolghan, inisining aty-Shómen.

Al M. Tynyshpaev bolsa, Álim atauy qanday da bir qojanyng nemese diny pirding qúrmetine qoyylghan siyaqty deydi.[2]

Shyndyghyna kelsek, Álim- adamnyng aty emes. Álim (Álimúly)-Qazaq handyghynyng qúramyndaShekti, Shómekey, Qarakesek, Qarasaqal, Tórtqara, Kete rularyn biriktirgen taypanyng aty.

Álim atauy Sayandaghy Arqarly taygasynyng tau jotalarynan bastau alatyn Álim ózenine baylanysty. Álim Eniysey ózenining basseynine jatady, úzyndyghy 155 km Bódiy ózenine (Las ózen) qúyady, ol óz kezeginde 325 km-lik Qamsarygha qúyady, Balqash-Kem, Saz-Kem degen salalary bar, kelesi bettegikartany qaranyz.Joshynyng Qoyan jylghy (1207 j.) mobilizasiyasyna deyin osy ózenning jaghasynda ósetin jabayy almamen azyqtanyp, Arqarly taygasynda arqar aulap, anshylyqpen ainalysyp jýrgen halyq Álimli dep atalghan.

Álim- monghol tilinde almany bildiredi.Qazirgi zamanda ol ózen Almaly bolyp atalar edi.B.Bazylhannyng «Monghol-qazaq  sózdigine» jýgineyik:

ALIM      alma;   ~ ny mod      alma aghashy.[3]

Monghol alfaviytinde de kirill әripteri qoldanylghanymenen olardyng dybysty beyneleu jýiesi qazaqshadan ózgesheleu. Sondyqtan «aliym» dep jazylghan sóz «әlim» dep oqylady.

Búqatúly Bazylhannyng  «Monghol-qazaq sózdigindegi» týsiniktemege nazar audarayyq.

«...j, ch, sh ýsheuinen basqa dauyssyzdan keyin kelgen «iy»-ding aldynghy shenindegi «a» dybysy qazaq tilindegi «ә» bolyp aitylady.

Mysaly: 

                    bariyh- bәriq                          tariyh- tәriq

                    hariyh- hәriq                          aliym- әlim»[4]

Álimli sózi bertin kele Álimúlyna ainalghan.

ShEKTI

Shekti atauyn shejireshiler negizinen tanbamen baylanystyrady. «Alshyn shejiresinen»[5] alynghan Álimning úlyJamanaq jylqysyna qos shek tanbasyn salyp, sodan Shekti atanypty deytin әngime qazir ghalamtorda sayttan-saytqa, maqaladan-maqalaghakóship jýr.Ol tújyrym negizsiz ekenin dәleldep kóreyin. Birinshiden, Shektining tanbasy qos shek emes, qos shek degendeәngime dombyranyng shegi (maldyng isheginen jasalghan) turalybolsa, tanbamyz 2 paralleli syzyq boluy kerek. Onday tanba bar, biraq ol shektiniki emes, qypshaqtiki. Eger әngime H tanbasy turaly bolsa, onday tanba shektide joq, ol ashamay tanba- ashamayly kereydiki. Mening agham Merkebay Taghybergenov (1936-2014) bizding tanbamyz–adalbaqan, úranymyz- Baqtybay deytin.

Tarihshy aghamyz Amanbay Qúntóleuov Shektining úrany Baqtybay batyr turaly enbegining múqabasynda Shektining tanbasy retinde adalbaqandy beynelegen:

«Adalbaqan - kiyim, qamshy, at әbzelderin, keyde tútqaly ydys-ayaq iletin bútaqtary bar, aghashtan jonyp, nemese temirden ilgish salynatyn, kýmis qúimalarmen әshekeylenetinkóbinese bútaly arsha aghashynan kesip jasalynatyn baqan týri»[6]

         Al shyn mәninde Shekti atauy ózenge baylanysty.  Altaydyng Ontýstik Chýy jotasynan, teniz dengeyinen3262 metr biyiktikten 87°23′  sh.b. bastau alatyn Shekti degen ózen bar.Shekti Arghyt ózenining Jasadyr salasyna kelip qúyady, kelesi kartany qaranyz.

Aldynda keltirilgen «Mongholdardyng qúpiya shejiresinen» ýzindide «Bajyqyttan bergi orman el-júrtyn Joshy baghyndyryp...»degen joldar bar. Múndaghy Bajyqyt degenimiz, Arghyt ózenining Aq alaqa degen salasyna qúyatyn tau ózeni, kartada- Bayjigiyt.  Búl ózenning bastaulary myna tómengi kartada kórsetilgendey, Shektiden batysqa qaray  50 km jerde jatyr.

Demek, Joshynyng «anneksiyalau aimaghynyn» sheti Bajyghyt-Bayjigit ózeni-Shektilerding territoriyasynyng batys shekarasy. Arghyt ózeni ol zonadan shyghysyraqta bolghandyqtan, ol ózendi boylay mekendegen Arghyn taypasyJoshynyng jasaqtarymen kezdespegen. Arghyndar mongholdardyng 1207 jylghy búl joryghynan habardar bolyp, tez arada batysqa ýdere kóshken siyaqty.Búl oy Múhametjan Tynyshpaevtyng «Aristov zamechaet, chto argyny vo vremena Chingishana poddalisi na zapad vperedy naymanov y kereev; v otnosheniy fakta peredviyjeniya iymenno v takom poryadke zamechanie Aristova verno, no peredviyjenie argynov proizoshlo bez somneniya do Chingiys-hana»[7]degentújyrymymen ýilesedi.Al Shektilerge keler bolsaq, olardyng Arghyndarmen shekaralas bir bóligi Arghyndargha ilesken siyaqty.Tanbalaryna qaray joghary jәne tómengi bolyp bólinetin osy shektiler «toqal arghyn» degen atpen belgili.

Alshynnyng rulary Arghynnyng Quandyq bóliminde de bar, olar Berish pen Aghys.«Na territoriy Akmolinskogo uezda rasselilsya v osnovnom rod kuandyk iz plemeny argyn s ego otdeleniyamiy: altay, karpyk, bersh, temesh, agys, kalkaman; severo- vostochnuy chasti uezda (po r. Slenty) zanyaly kanjigali, chasti roda, rasselivshegosya v Pavlodarskom uezde; na severo- zapade rasselilsya rod karaul plemeny argyn, a v severnoy chasti- rod kursary plemeny kerey».[8]

Búl jerde aitylyp otyrghan berishti Shәkәrim qajy Berushi[9] dep tarqatsa, sayasattanushy  Jaqsylyq Sәbitov ózi qúrastyrghan shejirede Borshiy dep keltiredi[10] 

«Alshyn shejiresi» boyynsha Aghysbylay tarqatylady:Alshyn-Alau batyr-Qyduar-Aqqoja-Kәdirqoja-Qarakesek-Álim-Jamanaq(Shekti)-Shynghys-Jaqayym- Aghys.[11]

Arghyn taypasynyng Arghyt ózenining basseynin mekendegenine kelesi karta dәlel bola alady.

Kartadan Shegendi ózeni, onyng Aqbúlaq ózenine qúyatyny, Aqbúlaqtyng Kóksugha qúyatyny, Kóksuding Arghútqa qúyatynykórinip túr. Eger Arghyn taypasynyng Shegendik ruy osy Shegendi ózenning jaghasyn jaylaghan bolsa, Arghyn atauynyng Arghytqa baylanysty boluy zandy.

Al Shekti ózenining atauyn jaghasynda shek (chik)halqy túratyn ózen deptýsinuge bolady. Onday mysaldyng biri- Aqtóbe oblysyndaghy Noghayty ózeni.Ol ózenning jaghasyn 14-15 ghasyrlarda, Edige biyding zamanynda  Noghay ordasynyng halqy jaylaghany belgili.

Nikolay Aristov shekti ruy týrik-orhon jazularyndaghy chik halqynan shyghuy mýmkin deydi. «Rod chiklimojet proishoditi ot narodsa chik turko-orhonskih nadpiysey».[12]

Qazaq ghalymdary chik pen shektining bir halyq ekenine kýmәndanbaydy.«Bayyrghy týrik eskertkishterining mәtininde atalatyn chik/chek-shekti taypasy. Chikterding (chek) qorghandaryn, molalaryn Lomonosov atyndaghy MGU-ding professory L. R. Kyzlasov aqsaqal kóp jyl boyy qazyp, ghylymy monografiya qaldyrghan»-deydi týrkitanushy ghalym, filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor Qarjaubay Sartqojaúly.

          Mongholiyadaghy Orhon ózenining boyynan tabylghan Bilge qaghan bitiktasynyng 1-betindegi mәtinde  mynaday joldar bar.

         «Jiyrma eki jasymda

         Qytaygha qaray joryq jasadym

        Chacha-sengýn basqarghan segiz týmen әskermen soghystym. Áskerin   sonda óltirdim.

        Jiyrma alty jasymda

Chek halqy qyrghyzben qosylyp jau boldy.

Kem ózenin keshe joryq jasadym.

Chekterge qaray joryq jasadym.»[13]

Alshyn Shektileri shejire boyynsha Óris, Jaqayym, Baubek, Bólek bop bólinedi.

Óristen- Aydarbek, Esenaly.

Jaqayymnan- Aghys, Kógis, Aqbura, Toqbura.

Baubekten- Temirbaqty, Janqylysh.

Bólekten- Ayt, Bújyr.

Ayttan- Tileu, Qabaq.

Qabaqtan- Hangeldi, Jangeldi, Aralbay, Aybek (keybir shejirelerde Beke), Tóles.

QABAQ

«Qariyalardyng derek­te­rine qaraghanda, Qabaq pen Tileu ata­larymyz jogharydaghyday batyr­lyqtarymen qosa óz zamanynda el basqarugha aralasyp, biylikti óte sauatty jýrgizgen. Olardyng el biyligine aralasu kezenderi ataqty Jalantós bahadýrding býkil Orta Aziyany basqaryp túrghan kezine sәikes keledi. Batyr ózining dәuiri jýrip túrghan kezinde Áytekening atasy Aqshany Koqangha han saylap, shómekeyden Aytqúldy by etip, al Qabaq atamyzdy Tashkentting begi etip taghayyndaghan»(«Babalar ruhy».Orazbay Ádilbaev, zeynetker, Shalqar audanynyng qúrmetti azamaty, Aqtóbe oblysy.)

Shalqar ónirinde Orazbay aghamyz siyaqty aqsaqaldardan Tileu men Qabaqtyng batyrlyghy men biyligi turaly osynday әrtýrli әngimelerdi esituge bolady.

Dey túrghanmen de, Qabaq- kisi esimi emes. Qabaq atauy Tóles kólinen ontýstikke qaray 80 km jerden bastalatyn Qabaq taygasymen baylanysty.

Mongholsha tauly ormandy tayga dep aitatynyn jogharyda keltirdik. Qabaq taygasy teniz dengeyinen 2000-2500 m biyiktikte ornalasqan, Kishi Úlaghan, Atyrgol ózenderimen shektesedi, kelesi bettegi kartany qaranyz.Úlaghan dep mongholsha qyzylqat jemisin aitady,[14]al Atyrgoldyng maghynasy- tyng ózen[15]. Joshynyng Qoyan jylghy (1207 j.)әskery mobilizasiyasyna deyin osy Úlaghan ózenining jaghasynda ósetin qyzylqatpen qorektenip, Qabaq taygasynda ang aulap jýrgenhalyq Qabaq dep atalghan. (Qabaq- mongholsha da qabaq, jar, jarqabaq degendi bildiredi).

Alshyndar XVI ghasyrda Noghay Ordasynyng qúramynda boldy dedik.Noghay Ordasynyng biyi, Edigening shópshegi Seyd Ahmet(Seydaq) 1540 jyldary bauyry Sheyh-Mamaydyng qysymyna shydamay biyligin, elin tastap Horezmge(Hiuagha) kóship ketedi. Ol turaly tarihshy Amanbay әl-Qúlandy bylay deydi:

«Noghay Ordasynyng syrtqy jaghdayy kәmeldengenmen, onyng ishki jaghdayy kónilge qonymdy emes-ti. Ayaq  astynan әleuetti Seydaq by noghaylardyng tizginen airylyp, ózine qarasty júrtymen Horezmge qonys

audardy... Tarihy derekter Seydaqpen birge Horezmge 30 myng el kóshti degendi keltiredi (106,154)»[16]

Osy Horezmge (Hiuagha) kóshken týrli rulardynishinde qabaq ruy da boldy. Búl rular bolashaq qaraqalpaq halqynyng negizin qalady.Hiua jerinde Ámuding Aralgha qúyar saghasyndaghy (qazirgi Qaraqalpaqstannyng jәne Týrikmenstannyng territoriyasynda) Qonyrat, Qytay, Qypshaq, Manghyt, Qabaqly qalalary (eldi mekenderi)sol rulardyng tarihyn eske salghanday. Qabaqly sózining maghynasy «Qabaqtan shyqqan» degendi bildiretini týsinikti bolsa kerek. Tarihta Qabaqtan shyqqan han da bolghan, ol qysqa uaqyt bolsa da, Hiuany biylegen.

«Y posle de togo priyehaly v Hivu gurlensy y aralsy tysyach s pyati, a s soboy priyvezly Kabakly hana y v Hivu voshly s mnogim boem silno, y uchinily Kabakly vladelsom. Y tot de Kabakly han Aral hanovyh detey obeih velel udaviti do smerti. Y posle togo priyehal iz Karakalpakov karakalpaskoy Toburchuk saltan, s nim chelovek so sto, y doshed do Hivy v blizosti, ostanovilsya, Y Kabakly han vyehal iz Hivy, togo Toburchuk saltana vstretiyl, i, zazvav ego v Hivu v gorod, govoriyl, chtob emu, Toburchuk saltanu, byti vladelisom bliz Hivy v gorode Urgeneh. Y jil v Hiyve Tuburchuk saltan dnya s dva. Y Kabakly han k Toburchuk saltanu priyshel nochiu na postoyalyy dvor, y ego y mnogih ludey ego ubily do smertiy.

 Y posle de togo, v nyneshnem v 204 godu, v oktyabre mesyase sobravsya v hivinskiy gorod lutchie ludy atalyki, y Kabakly han v to vremya ehal iz kostely, y atalyky de ego ostanovya na uliyse, govorily s velikim krikom, chto de on vsemy imy smutil y saltanov perevel, y ottogo de u nih uchinilasi mej soboi secha y glad. Y v tom je meste ego ubily do smertiy».[17]

Búl materialdy myna bir elektrondy resursten alynghan aqparat ta rastaydy:

«Hiua handarynyng tizimi:

Ilibars-han I ( -1511-1525)
Sultan Hodja-han I ( -1525-1527)
Hasan Kuly-han I ( -1527-1530)
Sufiyan-han I ( -1530-1531)
Budjunga-han I ( -1531-1533)
Avanak-han I ( -1533-1534)
Kol-han I ( -1534-1540)
Agatay-han I ( -1540-1546)
Dost-han I ( -1546-1558)
Hodja Muhammed-han I ( -1558-1603)
Arab Muhammed-han I ( -1603-1622)
Ilibars-han II ( -1622-1623)
Isfandiyar-han I ibn Arab Muhammed ( -1623-1642)
Said Muhammed-han I ( -1642-1643)
Nadir Muhammed-han I ( -1643-1645)
Abdul Gaziy-han I ibn Arab Muhammed (24.VIII.1603-1645-1663)
Anusha-han I ( -1663-1686)
Hudayda-han I ( -1686-1689)
Ereng-han I ( -1689-1694)
Djuchiy-han I ( -1694-1695)
Kabakly-han I ( -1695-1695)
Kuly Muhammed-han I ( -1695-1697)
Shah Niyaz-han I ( -1697-1701)

Musa-han I ( -1701-1703)
Arab Muhammed-han II ( -1703-1703)
Hodja Muhammed-han II ( -1703-1714)
Ediyger-han I ( -1714-1714)
Ereng-han II ( -1714-1715)
Shir Gaziy-han I ( -1715-1728)
Ilibars-han III ( -1728-1741)
Abu Muhammed-han I ( -1741-1742)
Abdul Gaziy-han II ( -1742-1745)
Gariyp-han I ( -1745-1750) Banu Garip
Abdalla Karabay-han I ( -1750-1753)
Sultan Timur Gaziy-han I ( -1753-1764)
Gariyp-han II ibn Garip ( -1764-1791)
Abdul Gaziy-han III ibn Garip ( -1791-1804;1806-1806-?)
Ilituzar Inak-han I ibn Ivaz (-1804-1806) Kungrat
Muhammed Rahiym-han I Bahadur (-1806-1825)
Allakuliy-han I Bahadur (-1825-1842)
Muhammed Rahim Kuliy-han I (-1842-30.I.1846)
Muhammed Amiyn-han I Bahadur (-1846-.III.1855)
Abdalla-han I (-1855-1.IX.1855)
Kutlug Muhammed Murad Bahadur-han I (-1855-1856)
Mahmud-han I (-1856-1856)
Muhammed-han I (-1856-.IX.1864)
Muhammed Rahiym-han II Bahadur (1845-1864-1910)
Isfandiyar-han II Djurdjy Bahadur (1871-1910-1.X.1918)
Seid Abdalla-han I (-1918-1920-1920)
Juneyt han yaumt (týrkmen) (1920) »[18]

Qabaq – Qaraqalpaq baylanystyghynyng taghy bir kórinisi - ekeuining qúramynda da Hangeldi, Jangeldi, Aralbay rularynyng boluy

(jalghasy bar)

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