1. Úrpaqty qorghau – ol memleket bolashaghy ýshin kýres.

HV ghasyrda Genuyanyng saudagerleri Qypshaq dalasynan balalardy satyp alyp Qara tenizdegi Feodosiya t.b. porttar arqyly Jerorta tenizi aimaghyndaghy Europa men Afrika elderine satudy toqtatpaghasyn, el bolashaghyn oilaghan Altyn Ordanyng hany Jәnibek olargha әr týrli amaldardy qoldanghanmen, ol nәtiyje bermedi. Sodan keyin ol, Feodosiyanyng bazaryna obadan ólgen adamnyng beyitin aparyp tastatady. Aqshagha qúnyqqan saudagerler oghan da qaramay júmystaryn istey bergenimen, oba auyruy aldymen qalagha, odan keyin qashqan saudagerlermen auyrudy Europanyng portty qalalary arqyly týgel qúrlyqqa taratady. Kezinde Europa halqynyng 40% jalmaghan bubon obasy kәri qúrlyqqa osylay taraydy. Jәnibek han Genuyanyng saudagerlerin qypshaq dalasynan balalardy satyp alyp, qúldyqqa satuyn osy amalmen toqtata aldy jәne ol qazirgi dәuirdegi tarihta alghashqy qoldanghan bakteriologiyalyq qaru boldy.

XVII-XIX ghasyrlardy Angliya әlemning týkpir-týkpirinde otarlau sayasatyn jýrgizgen kezde kәmeletke tolghan jigiterding barlyghyn 20-25 jylgha әskerge alady. Olar 40-45 jasta әskerden bosap kelgesin 18-20 jastaghy qyzdargha ýilenedi. Ómirding ashy-túshysyn kórgen әkening róli úrpaq tәrbiyesin jana satygha kóterip, últtyng sanasyn ózgertti. Sol kezderde aghylshyn últy әlemge Bekon, Niuton, Shekspiyr, Shelli, Kits, Bayron, Darvin t.b. ghylym men tehnika, әdebiyet pen ónerde revolusiya jasap, adamzattyng dýniyetanymyn ózgertken danyshpandardy silady. Búl aghylshyndardyng últ retinde damuynyng qaytalanbas jarqyn kezderi boldy.

Sol kezden bastap Batysta kәmeletke tolghan jastardy óz kýnderin ózi kóru ýshin otbasynan shygharyp jiberu dәstýri qalyptasty. Ol jastar 28-35 jasqa deyin oqyp, júmysyn istep, jeke basynyng túrmysyn týzeydi, yaghny óz kýshimen ayaqtanady. Sodan keyin, ózine senimdi, úrpaghyn tәrbiyeleuge dayyn bolghan kezde semiya qúrugha kirisedi. Ómirding ashy-túshysyn kórgen onday otbasynda ajyrasu siyrek bolady. Búl, ómirlik tәjiriybeden órkeniyetti qoghamda qalyptasqan dәstýr.

Al, qazaqtyng otbasyndaghy tәrbie boyynsha bala negizinen ata-ana óle-ólgenshe sonyng moynynda. Kәmeletke tolsa oghan aldymen avtokólik pen ýy satyp әperu kerek... Osynday «bodannan tughan qúldan, nemese odan tughan jetesiz úldan» semiyagha, qoghamgha, elge ziyanynan basqa qanday payda boluy mýmkin?! Ol, Abay aitqan: «Jalqaular, jatyp isher aram tamaq, Ondaylar bolmaydy ma elge salmaq...» degeni emes pe?

Tәrbiyesi týzelmegen qoghamnyng ózi «qaraghaygha qarsy bitken bútaq ...» siyaqty bolady. Óz enbegimen kýnin kóruge jaramay ósken úrpaq úry-qary, jezókshelik, sybaylas jemqorlyq t.b. beyim bolady. Shynyn aitu kerek, qazaq qazir úl-qyzdaryn tәrbiyeley almaytyn jaghdaygha keldi. Sebebi, últtyq ústanymy joq, minezsiz halyq – ol tobyr. Qoydan juas minezin maqtan tútyp, talanty men tasyn aiyra almaytyn qoghamda Erden góri kólenkeden qorqatyn erkekti tandap, arudyng ornyna arsyzdardy dәripteytin qoghamda bolashaq bolmaydy. Ol qúl bolugha jaralghan elding tirligi. Osynday ótpeli kezende naqty últtyq ústanymy joq osynday qoghamnyng biyligi de mәdeniyetsiz, úry-qary men teksiz qanghybastar bolady. Olar elde reforma jasap, memlekettik instituttardy damytudyng ornyna eldi, jerdi satugha beyim keledi. Sebebi, onyng qolynan basqa eshtene kelmeydi. Onday masyldar men mәngýrtterdi ósirgen elding bolashaghy da búlynghyr.

Myndaghan jyldar boyy aralda basqalarmen aralaspay túrghan japon halqynda inbridingting (tuystyq jynystyq qatynas) kesirinen kemtar sәbiyler dýniyege kóp kelip, ol últtyq nәubatqa ainaldy. Búl mәseleni sheshu ýshin imperator XVII gh. arnayy qauly shygharyp, onda barlyq qyz-kelinshekterge arqalaryna kórpeshe baylap jýru jýktelip, shetten kelgen saudagerler men matrostar jynystyq qatynasqa shaqyrsa qarsylasqandargha ólim jazasyn kesudi búiyrdy. Sol búiryq 70 jyl boyy últtyng densaulyghy týzelgenshe kýshinde boldy. Búl, Últ pen úrpaq mәselesin týpkilikti oilaghan jәne ol ýshin barlyq qadamgha barugha dayyn elding memlekettik ústanymy.

Osydan birneshe jyl búryn bedeldi halyqaralyq jornalda, «Japon halqynyng basqalardan ereksheligi nede?» degen taqyrypta ghylymy maqala jariyalandy. Ony bireuler teniz ónimderin kóp paydalanatynda t.b. aitady. Al, janaghy maqalada basqa halyqtarmen әrtýrli belgilerdi salystyra kelip, japon halqynyng úlylyghynyng ereksheligi, olardyng әielderining jynys organdarynyng ainalasyndaghy «suretining ereksheliginde» degen qorytyndygha keledi. Búl intellektualidy últtyng ereksheligi miynda emes, kindikten tómen boluy kópshilikti tang qaldyrghanmen, ghylymy dәlel sonday?! Búl maqalany oqyghannan keyin japon halqy da bolashaq úrpaghynyng ósuine alandap otyrghanyn kóremiz.

Izraili memleketi әlemdegi barlyq evreylerge qamqorshy (qylmyskerlerge de) bolsa, Katarda, sol eldegi últtyng ókilderinen bala dýniyege kelse qosymsha qarjylay kómek beriletini zanmen bekitilgen.

Reseyding ózinde dýniyege kelgen balagha beretin memleketting kómegi Qazaqstannan 8-10 ese artyq. Demografiyadaghy osynday ong sayasattyng negizinde Resey halqynyng sanynyng ósu mәselesin sheshti. Al, qazaqtyng bir mәselesining de ayaghyna deyin sheshilmeui «mәngilik sozylmaly auyrugha ainaldy».

XIH gh. basynda Gete, «50 jas, ol jastyqtyng sony, esending aldy» dep, sol jasta sanaly ómirding bastalatynyn aitsa, sol ghasyrdyng ayaghynda 42 jastaghy Abay, «qartaydyq, qayghy oiladyq, úiqy sergek» dep, sol jasta ómirding ayaqtalugha jaqyndaghanyn aitady. Búl eki el, eki mәdeniyet ókilderining ómirge degen әrtýrli kózqarasy men dýniyetanymyn kórsetedi. Qazirgi nemis halqynyng ortasha ómir úzaqtyghy 81-83 jasta bolsa, qazaqtiki 65-67 jasta (Abaydyng kezinde 30 jasqa jetpeytin edi). Osyndayda, «búl qazaq basqalarday adamsha ómir sýruding ózin qajet qylmaydy-au» degen oy keledi. Ózining jәne úrpaghynyng yaghny bolashaghynyng taghdyryna nemqúrayly qaraytyn halyqta bolashaq bola ma?! Ol tilin, jerin, memleketin qalay qorghap, qanday últ bolady?!

Japoniyanyng eki korall araldarynda túratyn әielderding 80 jasqa deyin bala tuuynyng sebebin zerttegen ghalymdar, olar taza su ishkendikten (korall baldyrlary taza suda ósedi) organizmderining taza ekenin dәleldedi. Bizding medisina әielderge 35 jastan keyin tughan balalarda әrtýrli auyrulardyng kóp bolatynyn eskertedi. Qazaqstan halqynyng 40%-gha juyghy ghana as sumen qamtamasyz etilgen. QR densaulyq ministrligining deregi boyynsha Qyzylorda oblysy, Qazaly audany túrghyndarynyng 32% auyru bolsa, Aral aimaghy ana men bala óliminen әlemde aldynghy oryndarda. Onyng negizgi sebebi, as sudyng lastyghynan nemese túzdylyghynan.

Qazaqstandaghy erler 20-25 jastan bastap prostata (adenoma) auyrularymen, 40 jasta 35-45%, 55-60 jasta alpys payyzdan astamy  auyrady. Erlerding ortasha 70% osy auyrudan óledi. Qyzdar men әielder arasynda da jynys auyrulary sonday dengeyde.

Batys ónirdegi múnayly bes oblystyng auyl túrghyndary tuberkulezben auyrudan әlemde alghashqy jiyrmalyqqa kiredi. Kedey elderge tәn búl auyrudan Batys elderi HH ghasyrdyng ortasynda arylghandyqtan, ol elderde ony emdeytin maman da qalghan joq.

El túrghyndarynyng 40%-dan astamynda yod jetispeydi, auyratyndardyng tórtten birine qoyylatyn diagnoz dúrys bolmaghandyqtan, em de dúrys emes... Osynyng bәri ómirlik manyzdy reproduktivtik jәne basqa organdardyng merziminen búryn isten shyghyp, adamdy auru ne mýgedek qylady. Onyng negizgi sebebi, balany jas kezde gigiyena men jynystyq qatynasqa tәrbiyelemeu, memleket tarapynan medisinagha tiyisti kónil bólinbeui jәne sonyng әserinen bolatyn әrtýrli aurulargha alyp keletin bereketsiz jynystyq qatynastardan bolady.

Adam gigiyenasy men jynystyq qatynasqa jastardy uaqytynda tәrbiyeleuding ornyna, tiym salu – ol mәdeniyetsizdiktin, nemese kóp jaghdayda taypalyq dengeydegi jabayylyqtyng belgisi. Samoly t.b. elderdegi arab taypalarynda ýsh jasar qyzdyng jynys organyn tigip tastaytyn «dәstýrge» ótken ghasyrdyng 90-shy jyldary BÚÚ-nyng aralasuymen tiym salyndy.

Bolashaq úrpaqty ósirip, tәrbiyeleytin qyzdardyng belgili bóligi, onyng ishinde keybir studentterding jezókshelikti kәsip qylyp, sonymen kýn kórip jýrgenderi de jasyryn emes. Onday arsyz qoghamda morali men tolyqqandy semiyanyng ornyn SPIYD, gonoreya t.b. auyrular auystyruda?!

Sondyqtan biz, qazaqtardyng arasynda ómirding emes, ólimning statistikasyn jýrgizuge mәjbýrmiz. Búnday statistikamen halyq besikting ornyna tabyt jasaytyny belgili.

Jynystyq qatynasty «qúdaylardyng dengeyine» shygharghan Ýndistangha qarap otyryp qazaq halqyndaghy mahabbat úghymyna da toqtalghan jón. Mahabbat úghymyna qazirgi medisina men psihologiya ghylymdary «shezofriyneyanyng bir týri» degen anyqtama berip jýr. Al, biz mahabbattyng ýlgisi dep jýrgen Qyz Jibekting óz erkimen sugha ketip ólui suisidting bir týri emes pe?! Birinshiden, onday kelensiz әreketti eshbir din qúptamaydy, ekinshiden qazaq jastary, onyng ishinde 13-18 jas arasyndaghy qyzdardyng suisidynan әlemde alghashqy ýshtikke kiredi. Búnyng artynda, bir jaghynan «qyzgha qyryq jerden tiym» salu, ekinshi jaghynan bolashaq ómirge tәrbiyening kemdigi túrghan joq pa?!

Semey, Kapustin Yar men Azghyr poligondarynda 40 jyl boyy bolghan 500-dan astam atom bombasynyng zardabynan bolghan, sol ónirlerdegi suisidting sany ortasha respublikalyq dengeyden 12-16 ese kóp ekeni belgili. Al, jogharydaghy jasóspirimder arasyndaghy suisiyd, – ol sebepteri әli tolyq anyqtalmaghan (ol búrynnan kele jatqan boluy mýmkin), jan-jaqty zertteudi talap etetin últtyq dert.

Sebebi, osydan 16 ghasyr búrynghy Qozy men Bayan, Tólegen men Qyz Jibek (HVIgh.), Úlbiyke, Enlik, Mәulen (Dalidyng «Shyghystyng súluyndaghy»), Shúgha, Qamar, Úljan ... yaghny ómirden alynghan barlyq mahabbat dastandary arulardyng ólimderimen ayaqtalady. Búl ne, zandylyq pa?! QR Genderlik sayasat bólimining songhy deregi boyynsha 2014-2015 jyldary birazy ólimge әkelgen, otbasynda qyz-kelinshekterdi zorlau 40%-gha ósken. Búl, bolashaghy joq, azghyn qoghamnyng aiuandyq tirligi, baghy men soryn aiyra almaghan qoghamnyng qasireti emes pe?! 

Sonymen qatar, halqymyzda «jeti atagha deyin qyz alyp, qyz berispeu» degen salt bar. Birinshiden, qazaqtyng 70%-gha juyghy jeti atasyn bilmese, ekinshiden, osy sharttargha keri yaghny nemere qaryndastarynan bastap ýilene beretin evrey halqynyng biznes pen ghylym...memleketin damytu men últyna qamqorlyq t.b. mәselelerdegi bәsekelestigi qazaqtan 20-30 ese joghary túrsa, nemese ózbekterding ósui qazaqtan 3-4 ese joghary túrsa, últtyng ósimin tejeytin onday arhaikalyq shekteudin  qazaqty bodan qyludy armandaytyn elderden basqa eshkimge keregi joq?!

Demografiya sayasatyndaghy kelesi mәsele – ol qazirgi Ýkimetten oralmandargha beriletin kvotanyng azdyghy men olardyng elge oraluynyng jýieli iske aspauy. Oralmandargha beriletin jyldyq kvota on bes - jiyrma mynnan aspaydy. Búl salada Ýkimet HIH gh. Resey men Ukrainadan Qazaqstangha ógiz arbamen millionnan astam qarashekpendilerdi әkelgen gubernator Kolpakovskiyding istegenin atqara almay otyr. Osy uaqytqa deyin kelgen oralmandardyng sany elge múnay-gaz kompaniyalarynyng shaqyruymen Qytay, Filipiyn, Indoneziya, arab elderi jәne t.b. jerlerden kelip jatqandardan әldeqayda az eken. Shetten keletinderding ortasha ailyq tabysy bizding mamandardan 6-10 ese artyq. Sonda bizding Ýkimet kimning mýddesin qorghap, kemge qyzmet isteude? Búl, eldi azdyryp, jerdi tozdyratyn tirlik emes pe?

Asan qayghy babamyzdyn, “...at mindim dep shalqayma, qaraylaghyn artyna, jayaulaghan jalpygha” degen ósiyetin biletin tekti úrpaq óz bauyryn osynday kelensiz jaghdayda qaldyrmauy kerek edi.

Preziydentting «Intellektualidyq Últ-2020» baghdarlamasyn iske asyru maqsatynda jәne Últtyng aldyndaghy birinshi mindet, onyng sanyn ósiru bolyp túrghan jaghdayda memleketting strategiyasy osy mәselelerdi sheshuge júmyldyrylyp, demografiyalyq sayasatta tómendegidey kezek kýttirmes sharalardy iske asyru kerek (6):

- dýniyege kelgen әr balagha qazynadan  5,0-7,0 myng AQSh doll. kóleminde bir jolghy memlekettik jәrdemaqy beru;

-  bala kәmelet jasqa tolghansha ortasha ailyq tabystyng dengeyinde ay sayynghy jәrdemaqy beru;

- ýsh jәne odan da kóp bala tәrbiyelegen anagha balalary kәmeletke tolghangha deyin ortasha bir ailyq, bes balagha 1,5 ailyq, jeti balagha eki ailyq tabystyng kóleminde kómek tóleu;

- tórt jәne odan da kóp bala tәrbiyelegen analardy memlekettik orden, medalidarmen marapattau jәne olardyng dәrejesine baylanysty analargha kórsetetin dәrigerlik kómekte, pәter aluda jenildikter jasaudy zandastyru; - “Batyr Ananyn” dәrejesin “Qazaqstan Enbek Erimen” tenestiru;

- kóp balaly otbasylargha әleumettik jәne salyq jenildikterin jasau;

- kóp balaly otbasynan shyqqan balalargha jogharghy oqu oryndaryna týsu, júmysqa ornalasu, jas mamandargha pәter aluda jenildikter jasau;

- últtyng gendik qoryna ziyan tiygizip otyrghan abort jasaugha zanmen tiym salu;

- әielder men qyzdardyng auyr jәne densaulyqqa ziyandy júmystardan bosatyp, olardyng jenil júmyspen qamtamasyz etu;

- qazaqta «qyz on ýshte otau iyesi» deydi jәne biz soltýstik emes, shyghys halqy bolghandyqtan qyzdardyng 16 jastan otbasyn qúruyn zandastyru;

- Qazaq qoghamynda jetim-jesir bolmaghan. «Jeti jarghy» siyaqty dala zandaryndaghy әmengerlik t.b. zamangha say progressivti jaqtaryn zandastyru;

- Ýkimet tarapynan tastandy bala bolmaudyng aldyn-ala sharalaryn qabyldap, ana men sәbiydi memleket qamqorlyghyna alu;

- Elde ondaghan jyldar boyy 330-350 myng otyzdan asqan qyz-kelinshekter túrmys qúrmay qaluda. Qazaqstan Islam órkeniyetine jatatyn el bolghandyqtan, osy dindegi er men әielding semiyadaghy araqatynasy, anany qúrmetteu, úrpaq tәrbiyesi, kóp әiel alu t.b. ómirsheng ústanymdaryna qoghamda ong kózqaras qalyptastyryp, tәrbie qúralyna ainaldyru qajet. Damyghan zayyrly elderding barlyghyndaghy ar (nravstvennosti) men morali dinge negizdelse, bizde sayasy etiyket («Sayasy etiyketting qauiptiligi, onda satushy da satyp alushy da aldanady» K. Marks) ne ateizmge shyrmalghan. Zayyrlylyq ol qoghamnyng formasy, al mazmúny-ol dinge negizdeledi. Mysaly, qazirgi әlemdik naryqtaghy qosymsha payda tabudyng ózi de protestanttyq ústanymgha negizdelgen. Islamda qosymsha payda tabu degen joq. Qazaq memleketining negizi de Malayziya, Indoneziya elderi siyaqty Islamnyng ústanymdaryna negizdelgende ol órkeniyetke qadam basady. Ázirge «tar jolda, tayghaq keshude»;

- Últtyq qordyng belgili bóligi, qoghamnyng túraqty damuyn qamtamasyz etip, demografiyalyq sayasatty iske asyratyn “Demografiyalyq qorgha” bóludi zandastyru.

Memleket tarapynan osynday sharalardy jýieli týrde jasau halyqtyng túraqty ósimin qamtamasyz etedi.

Qazaqstannyng jer kólemi jaghynan әlemde toghyzynshy orynda bolghanymen, halqynyng sany jóninen alghashqy jýz elding sonynda. Elding geosayasy jaghdayy men ondaghy túrghyndardyng kóp últtylyghyn eskersek, onyng qorghanys qabiletin kýsheytip, túraqty damuy ýshin, halyq sany jaqyn uaqytta kem degende 20-23 milliongha, 2050-shi jyldary 35-40, ghasyrdyng ayaghynda 65-70 mln-gha jetu kerek. Búl mindetti oryndau memleketting basymdy baghdarlamasy bolyp tabylady.

Ótken ghasyrdyng 60-shy jyldary Fransiyanyng preziydenti, general De Goli, «Fransiya halqynyng sany 50 milliongha jetse armanym bolmas edi» degen. Búl Euroodaq qúrylmay túrghandaghy Europadaghy memleketting tәuelsizdigin qamtamasyz etetin demografiyalyq ahualy. Al, HHI ghasyrda Aziya elderi halqynyng sany 80-90 millionnan kem bolsa, olardyng tәuelsizdigin saqtap qaluy ekitalay.

Janúzaq Ákim

/Jalghasy bar./

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