Auylsharuashylyghyn reformalaudaghy qatelikter elge qater tóndiredi
Suret "Azattyq radiosynyn" saytynan alyndy
Ómir bar jerde ózgeruler bar. Elu jylda el jana, jýz jylda qazan. Onyng ózi tirshilik zany. Naryq az ghana jyldar ishinde jan-jaghymyzgha kóp ózgerister әkeldi. Bizding qalalarymyzdy alayyqshy. Ásirese, ortalyqtary týrli-týske boyanyp, qyrghauyl qústay sylandap shygha kelgen joq pa. Al osy ózgeristerding týpnúsqasy shetelderden kelip jatqany týsinikti. Dәlirek aitqanda, naryqqa bayaghyda kóshken elder tirshiligine elikteudemiz. Búl jerde jaqsy maghynada aitqymyz keledi. Biz olardyng jaqsylaryn almay, bay tәjiriybelerinen kóp nәrse ýirenbey, isimiz algha baspasy belgili. Biznespen ainalysushylardyn, kommersanttardyng shet jerlerde bolyp kelgenderi «bolmasang da úqsap baq» degendey, dәl sol jaqtaghylarday bolmaghanmen de soghan juyqtaytyn qonaq ýi, kafe-bar, meyramhana, sәn salony sekildi taghy basqa sauda jәne qyzmet kórsetu oryndaryn ashyp tastady. Jalpy qay sala bolmasyn ghylym, óndiris, medisina jәne basqalary jyldan jylgha sheteldik tehnologiyalardy keninen paydalanuda.
Ózgerister bizdi asyraushy sala auyl sharuashylyghynda da, auyldyng ózinde de bayqaluda. Biraq, ol әli biz kýtkendey dәrejede emes. Onyng da ózindik sebepteri bar. Kezinde auyl sharuashylyghyn reformalauda qatelikterge jol berildi. Elimizdi azyq-týlikpen qamtamasyz etushilerge nesie aludyng qiyndyghy kóp boldy. Ónimning ózindik qúny qymbat, baghasy arzan, ótkizui qiyn siyaqty taghy basqa sebepteri jeterlik. Tipti kerek deseniz, sol sebepterding qatarynda «bizding aghayyn jalqau, boykýiezdigi basym, sharuagha qyry joq» degen uәj aityp, kinәlaushylar da tabylyp jatty. Ras, kóbining isting kózin taba almay, naryqtyq qatynastargha beyimdelip ketui qiyn tiyip jatqany shyndyq.
Qansha degenmen biz orys, ózbek, nemis, korey sekildi ata-babamyzdan otyryqshy ómir sýrip kelgen últ emespiz. Onday ortagha beyimdelgenimizge bar bolghany jýz jyldyng shamasy. Áli qanymyzda otyryqshyldyq tirshilik psihologiyasy myqty qalyptaspaghan. Sharuany dóngeletip alyp kete almay jatqan sebepterding biri osy ma dep oilaugha tura keledi keyde. Sol sebepti, bizge kóp nәrse ýirenu kerek, qansha degenmen naryq esepti, ýnemdilikti, úqyptylyqty sýiedi. Áytpese, bizding halyq talantty, enbekqor halyq. Óner, bilim, әdebiyet pen sportta tanylyp jatqan tәrizdi búl salany da jaqsy iygerip әketeri aqiqat. Sondyqtan, otyryqshylyq psihologiyanyng myqty qalyptasuyna yqpal jasau qajet.
Oghan qalay qol jetkizuge bolady? El túrghyndaryn azyq-týlikpen qamtamasyz etip jatqan adamdar arasynan shaghyn toptar qúryp, jyl sayyn shetelderde, onda da «jyghylsang nardan jyghyl» degendey, bizden kóp algha ozyp ketkendirdin, onyng ishinde auyl sharuashylyghy joghary damyghan elderde atqarylyp jatqan júmystardy kórip, tanysyp qaytuyna mýmkindik jasalyp túrsa, kóp nәtiyjesi bolar edi. AQSh, Kanada fermerlerining sharuashylyqtary, Izraylidegi kibusiyler, gollandiyalyq gýl ósirushiler, nemisterding derevnyalary, Bolgariya men Vengriyanyng kókónis alqaptary, Polishanyng jemis baulary, Avstriyanyn, Avstraliyanyn, Jana Zellandiyanyng qoy sharuashylyqtary, japon, korey kýrish egistikteri sekildi auyl sharuashylyq sektorynda kórsetuge dýniyeleri jeterlik elder bar. Bir-eki mysal keltirip ketuge de bolady. Jer kólemi bizding eldegi bir oblys aumaghynan aspaytyn Niyderlandy elin alayyq. Gollandyqtardyng gýl ósiruden aty shyqqanyn bәrimiz bilemiz. Alayda, búl elding auylsharuashylyq ónimderin eksportqa shygharudan әlemde ekinshi oryn alatynynan kóbimiz habarsyzbyz. Múnda tipti auyl sharuashylyghy ministrligi de joq eken. Nemese songhy jyldary agrarlyq sektory myqty damyp ketken Polisha memleketi eksportqa jylyna 25 mlrd. dollar kóleminde auylsharuashylyghy ónimderin shygharuda. Al ol negizinen shaghyn sharuashylyqtar, jeke kәsipkerler kýshimen jýzege asuda. Sonday-aq, shól men tastaqty jerge bau, egin salghan enbekqor evrey halqy ónimderin ózderine de, ózgelerge de jetkizip jatyr. Múnday mysaldardy kóptep keltire beruge bolady.
Elimizding auylsharuashylyq salasyn damytu maqsatynda ózge memlekettermen joghary dengeydegi qarym-qatynastar bola beretini týsinikti. Olardyng osy saladaghy ghylymy jetistikteri men tәjiriybelerin ýirenuge ghalymdarymyz da toqtausyz júmys jýrgize bereri anyq. Jurnalisterimiz osynday elderde bolyp, ondaghy keremet dýniyelerdi týsirip nemese surettep jetkizip, mamandaryn sóiletip, beynesujetteri men maqalalaryn halyqqa úsyna berer. Biraq, múnyng bәri sharuashylyq jýrgizip jatqan adamdarymyzdyng sol dýniyelerdi óz kózimen kórgendey bolmaydy. Sol sebepti de olardyng sheteldegi әriptesterining jasap jatqan júmysyn kórip qaytuyna mýmkindik bergen abzal. Ol ýshin memleket arnayy baghdarlama qabyldauy qajet. Ony Syrtqy ister ministrligi, Auyl sharuashylyghy ministrligi, Kәsipkerler palatasy sekildi ózge de qúrylymdar birlesip atqaratyn bolady. Múnday jobany kem degende bes jylday jýzege asyrghan jón. Onan keyinge kezende jalghastyrudyng qajettiligi bar ma, ony uaqyt kórseter. Mýmkin әri qaray kәsipkerler memleket kómegine sýienbey, jaqsyny kórmek ýshin óz kýshterimen-aq baryp qayta beretin bolar.
Eger múnday saparlar jýzege asyp jatsa, onda bolghandar ol jaqtaghy úqyptylyqty, jinaqylyqty, tazalyqty, ýnemshildikti, tәrtipti, enbekqorlyqty, qoldan jasalghan súlulylyq pen әdemilikti, mәdeniyettilikti óz kózimen kórip, erekshe әser alyp, qatty qyzyghushylyq tanytsa, sonan keyin ózi túratyn ýiine, aulasyna, qora-jayyna, auylyna, jýrgizip jatqan sharuashylyghyna basqasha kózben qaray bastar edi. «Men nege sonday bola almaymyn, adamnyng istegenin adam istey alady» degen jigerlenu, algha úmtylushylyq, jana serpin payda bolar edi.
Eger toppen aralatudyng mýmkindigi bolmaydy, qajettiligi joq dep sanasa, onda әr jerdegi bir fermerge, bizden bir adamdy bir apta ne on kýndey qonaq etu jolyn qarastyrghan dúrys bolar. Osy oqugha barghandardyng bir ay boyy sheteldikterding ýiinde qonaq bolyp, sol ýiding otbasy mýshesindey túratynyn estip jýrmiz. Manyz-maqsaty dúrys týsindirilip, sonday ótinish jasalyp jatsa sheteldik fermer ne kooperativ basshysy qarsylyq bildire qoymas. Qúdaygha shýkir, elimiz dýnie jýzi qauymdastyghyna jaqsy atpen tanylyp keledi. Sheteldik kooperativke qonaq bolyp barghan adam sondaghy fermerlermen birge jýrip-túryp, tipti sharuashylyq júmystaryna qolghabys jasap, ózin qyzyqtyrghan nәrselerdi súrap bilip túrar edi. Búl jerde til mәselesi kedergi bolary anyq. Onyng da jolyn tabugha bolady. Qazir kóptegen elderde bizding jastarymyz bilim aluda. Fermer sharuashylyghymen tanysugha shyqqan әrbir topqa ne jeke adamgha bir til ýirenushiden qosyp jiberip túrsa, ol bir jaghynan tilmashtyqty atqaryp, ekinshi jaghynan túrmysta qoldanylatyn tildi ýirenip qaytar edi.
Taghy bir nazar audararlyq jayt, shetelge shyghushylardy mindetti týrde ózi ainalysyp jatqan júmys týri bar sharuashylyqtargha, yaghny qoyshyny qoyshygha, kýrishshini kýrishshige, bal arasyn asyraushyny әriptesine aparu shart emes. Áriyne, dәl sonday júmys týrlerin kórip, tәjiriybelerimen tanysyp jatsa artyq bolmas edi. Biraq, onday mýmkindik tua bermesi anyq. Qandayy tura keledi sony kóre bergeni dúrys. Tirlikting basqa týrin kórgen adamgha mýmkin jana oy keler, bolmasa auyldastaryna kenes berip, olardy qyzyqtyryp, sol iske júmyldyrar.
Endi múnday sharalargha qarjy kerek ekeni belgili. Qazir qarjy daghdarysynyn әseri әli sezilip túr. Kóptegen salagha qatysty qarjylyq qysqartular bolyp ótti. Degenmen de bizding elimizding bolashaghy ýshin jýzege asyrylyp jatqan jobalar, memlekettik baghdarlamalar jeterlik. Qyrqyna shydaghanda, qyryq birinshisine nege shydamasqa? Bir jylda 200-300-dey qarapayym enbek adamdarynyng shetelde bolyp qaytuyn úiymdastyryp túrugha sonshalyqty mol qarjy kete qoymas. Auyl sharuashylyghyn aralaghan adamgha qymbat qonaq ýi, qymbat restoran kerek emes. Jogharyda keltirgendey, ýiinde bolghan bir-eki adamnyng keybir shyghyndaryn fermerding ózi-aq kóterip aluy mýmkin. Kim biledi, sol fermerding qonaghyna yqylasy auyp, tanystyghy dostyqqa úlasyp, eline qaytqannan keyin de sharuashylyghyn jýrgizuge odan әri kómegin jalghastyryp jatuy da yqtimal.
Adam jan-jaghyna qaramay, aralaspay, óz kózimen kórmey kóp nәrseni ýirenbesi anyq. Onday saparlardyng naryqqa kesh aralasqan bizge bereri az bolmauy tiyis. Óitkeni, auyldy kóteretin sol qarapayym adamdar emes pe? Tipti payda әkelmegenning ózinde búnday sharalar memleketting qarapayym enbek adamdarynyng mynanday qiyn kezende shetelge shyghyp, qyzyq kórip, demalyp qaytuyna jaghday jasaghany bolyp shyqpay ma? Endi olardyng shetelge shyghyp qaytuyna qashan mýmkindigi bolady. Sóitip memleketimizding óz adamdaryna jasaghan jaqsylyghy bolyp esepteler edi. Qysqasy, auyl adamdarynyng sheteldik әriptesteri jasap jatqan júmystaryn, túrmys-tirshiligin kórip, tanysyp qaytqanynyng ziyany bolmasy belgili. Búl maqsatta Qazaqstanda tuyp ósken, qazir tarihy otandarynda ómir sýrip jatqan nemis, evrey, grek sekildi t.b. kóptegen últ ókilderining kómegine arqa sýieuge bolar edi.
Túrmys әdemiligine ne jetsin! Osy orayda, taghy bir oy mazalaydy. Europa elderin aitpaghanda, kórshimiz Reseyde ýy sharuashylyghyn jýrgizuge qajetti aqyl-kenes qosatyn týrli-týsti bezendirilgen «Sad y ogorod», «Moy prekrasnyy sad», «Vashy 6 sotok», «Hozyaystvo» siyaqty jurnaldar, basylymdar kóptep shyghady. Qazir internet damyghan zaman. Býginde atalghan basylymdardyng internettik núsqasy beleng alyp keledi. Mine, osyghan úqsas jurnal jәne sayttardyng qazaq tilinde de payda boluyna yntalandyrular, tiyisti qoldau men jenildikter kórsetilse deysin.
Osynyng bәri auyl mәdeniyetining artuyna, auyl kelbetining jaqsaruyna qarlyghashtyng qanatymen su sepkendey kómegi bola ma degen tilekten tuyp otyrghan pikirler. Ýnemshildik, úqyptylyq, jinaqylyq, enbekqqorlyq jaghynan bizding aghayynnyng basqalardan kem bolmaghanyn, sonymen birge әrbir ýy otbasylyq budjetin bayyta týskenin qalaghandyqtan osynday oilardy ortagha salugha tura kelip otyr. Qajet dep tabatyn tústary bolyp qalar.
Biz damyghan 30 elding qatarynan tabyludy maqsat tútqan elmiz. Ol ýshin ekonomikamyz myqty boluy tiyis. Al auylsharuashylyghy damymay, el ekonomikasy týzelmeydi. Mamandar ýsh alyp kórshimiz – Qytay, Resey jәne Iran memleketterining syrttan tasymaldap otyrghan azyq-týlikterining onnan bir bóligin bere alsaq shash-etekten bolatynymyzdy aitady. Osy maqsatta, yaghny agroóndiristi damytu ýshin jer reformasy qolgha alynghan edi. Alayda, onyng keybir baptaryna qatysty bes jylgha moratoriy engizildi. Ol merzim bitken kezde de auyl sharuashylyq maqsatyndaghy jerlerdi sheteldikterge jalgha beruge qol jetkize almauymyz mýmkin. Sondyqtan da auyl sharuashylyghyn óz kýshimizben damyta beruding barlyq mýmkindikterin qarastyra bergen artyq bolmas. Jogharyda aitylghan oilar sonday mýmkindikterdin bir núsqasy ghana.
Memleket basshysy «Qazaqstannyng ýshinshi janghyruy: Jahandyq bәsekege qabilettilik» atty Joldauynda auyl sharuashylyghyn әrtaraptandyryp, 2021 jylgha qaray azyq-týlik tauary eksportyn 40 payyzgha kóbeytu turaly tapsyrma qoyyp otyr. Sonymen birge, elding ishki jalpy ónimindegi shaghyn jәne orta biznesting ýlesin 2050 jylgha qaray 50 payyz boluyn qamtamasyz etu turaly mindeti túr aldymyzda. Auyldyq jerde de, qalalyq jerde de shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlikti damytugha beriletin nesie kólemi ósip otyr. Shaghyn kәsipkerlikti, jeke qojalyqtardy damytugha jaqsy mýmkindikter berilude. Maqalada aitylghan úsynystar eskerilip, jýzege asatynday jaghday tusa, sol mýmkindikter qatary artatyny sózsiz. Qalay bolghanda da elimizde shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerliktin, sol sekildi fermerlik ýrdisting damy berui ýshin júmys jýrgize beruimiz qajet.
Ydyrys TÁJIÚLY,
Qyzylorda qalasy.
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