Qazaq halqynyng túrmys-tirshiliginde, әdet-ghúrpynda erekshe oryn alatyn, erteden merekelenip kele jatqan meyramnyng biri – Nauryz. Osy kezde mal tóldep, sharuanyng arqa basy kenip, aqqa auzy tiyetin uaqyt.

Nauryz meyramynda qazaq halqy nauryz kóje iship, әn shyrqap, kýy shertisip, baluan kýrestirip, oiyn-sauyqpen ótkizetinin bilemiz. Nauryz meyramynda “Jana týlegen tabighatpen, tóldegen malmen birge ósip, kógeremiz, kókteymiz degen maqsatpen tabighattyng perzentterine bergen yryzdyghyna riza bolayyq.” - degen oi-pikirler aitylyp, auyl aqsaqaldarynan bata tilegen.

Nauryzdyng airyqsha tәlim-tәrbiyelik, ýlgi-ónegelik, sәn-saltanattyq, mәrt-jomarttyq, qadir-qasiyettilik, t.b. siyaqty qazaqy qasiyetke tәn әdet-ghúryptarmen tanym-úghymdardyng ýlgi-ónegesi – ózge últ ókilderin tәnti etedi.

Dala zanyn tereng mengergen dana babalarymyz últ mәdeniyetindegi joghary sanalylyqqa, әdeptilik pen ónegelilikke, bauyrmaldyq pen kóregendikke, izettilikke, beyimdilikke bauraytyn salt-dәstýrlerdi esh nasihatsyz-aq úrpaq tәrbiyesine paydalana bilgen.

Erteden sayasy jer audarushylardyng mekeni bolghan Semey jerine jer audarylyp kelgen Semenov Tyani-Shanskiy qazaqtyng túrmys-tirshiligimen tanysa otyryp, «Búl elding oquy men bilimi, ghylymy men mәdeniyeti túrmysynda túnyp túr eken» dep bagha beripti.

Ókinishke qaray, el tәuelsizdigin alghanymyzgha 24 jyl bolsa da qazaq túrmys-saltynyng mәnin tek Nauryz naqyshtary, merekelik is-shara dep týsinip jýrmiz. Tipti últtyq ong-órnegi bar kiyim kiyip shygha qalsanyz, «nemene Nauryz kelip qalghan ba?» dep tanyrqay qarap jatatynymyz da jasyryn emes. Nauryz merekesi jaqyndaghan sayyn últtyq kiyim izdeushiler men últtyq túrmys qúraldaryn jalgha súraushylar kóbeyedi. Kópshilik nauryzdy "qyz úzatu", "qúda týsu", "túsau kesu", "sýndetke otyrghyzu" kórinisterin kórsetu dep týsinedi. Nauryzdy toylap jatqan qay mekemege barsanyz da, osy salt-dәstýrlerdi kelsin-kelmesin "kósh jýre týzeledi" dep sahnalyq qoyylym, kórinis retinde jarysa kórsetip jatady. «Qarnymnyng ashqanyna emes, qadirimning qashqanyna jylaymyn» demekshi, әr búryshqa qyzyldy-jasyldy matalardy jayyp, týrli-týsti lentalarmen shanyraqqa úqsatyp jalbyratyp kómkerip, nemqúrayly «ótirik» ýy ishine - ýy tige salatyn «kiyiz ýiler» syrt qaraghanda óte beyshara, mazaq bolyp kórinedi. Ár jyl sayyn Nauryzdy qarsy alatyn merekelik is-sharalarda osy kórinisti kórgen sayyn mening de kónilim sol shala tigilgen meshel kiyiz ýilerge úqsap kýizeledi. Jana jyldy qarsy alghan kezde jasandy shyrsha jasasaq ta, әdemi, kórikti, tartymdy etip jasaymyz. Nauryzgha qúrmet, últtyq qúndylyqqa qúrmet әr merekeni qarsy alyp, shygharyp saludan bastalady. Osy kýnge deyin әr mekeme ózine layyq shaghyn kiyiz ýi, túrmysqa baylanysty qúraldar, újymgha say últtyq kiyimder tikkizip jyl sayyn damytyp otyrsa bolar edi?! Jyl sayyn últtyghymyzdy aishyqtay týsetin Nauryz merekesi jylda qaytalana beretin jattandy kórinister, salt-dәstýrlermen ghana shektelmey, osy kýnge deyin aitylmay, kórsetilmey terende jatqan tyng dәstýrlerimizdi nege kórsetpeymiz?! Mәselen, mektep oqushylary men úrpaqqa tәrbiyelik mәni zor «Bәsire beru», «Ashamaygha mingizu», «Sharghy salu», «Qyz kóshi», «Shómish qaghu», «Nauryzkók», «Nauryzsheshek», «Dәmetu», «Qúttyq», «Bel kóterer», «Selt etkizer», t.b.  yrymdary últtyq qúndylyghymyzdyng tausylmaytyn qazyna ekenining kuәsi. Mәselen,  Bәsire beru -  jas bala esi kirip 4-5 jasqa kelgende oghan tughan-tuystary bәsire tay tartu etedi. Eger balagha arnalghan bәsire aty ýiretilgen, minuge jarap túrghan bolsa, onda Ashamaygha mingizu dәstýrimen balany soghan mingizedi.

Ashamaygha minuding ereksheligi – er balanyng at ústar azamat bolyp, endigi jerde balanyng ózining er-túrmany, ózining basybayly tayy bolghandyghynda. Ashamaygha mingizu balany enbekke bauludyng alghashqy baspaldaghy deuge bolady.

Balanyng ózine arnalghan bәsirege ata-anasy arnayy ashamay jasatady. Saltanatty týrde ýiretilgen bәsire taygha ashamay ertteledi. 

Ashamay degenimiz - eki jany H әrpine úqsatyp jasalatyn balagha arnalghan aishyqty er. Balanyng ayaghy qysqa bolghandyqtan, ashamaygha ýzengi salynbaydy.  Ashamaydyng ýstindegi at kórpe de balagha layyqtalyp tigiledi. Osynyng ýstinen tepkishek salynady. Kiyizden jasalatyn tepkishekti («ayaqqap» dep te ataydy). Tepkishek qorjyngha úqsaydy, bala atqamingen kezde eki ayaghyn tepkishekke salady.

Ashamayly taygha minetin kýni balany әdemilep kiyindiredi. Balanyng ashamaygha mingizilui onyng ómirinde tirshilikting jana kezeni bastalghandyghyn bildiredi. Balanyng rәsimine auyl adamdary jinalyp, bala mingen attyng jal-qúiryghyna, balanyng shapanyna jәne baskiyimine shoqtap ýki taghady. Búl «ýkining qasiyeti - jyn-shaytannan qaghady» degendi bildiredi. Balany atqa mingizu qúrmeti shabandoz jigitterge, auyldyng qúrmetti azamattaryna jýkteledi. Balany atqa mingizip, ayaghyn tepkishekke súghyp, belin ainaldyra júqa kórpeshemen orap, qauipsiz jaghdayda denesin auyrtpaytynday arqanmen tartyp tanady.

Balany ýlken atalarynyng biri qoltyghynan kóterip tayyna mingizedi. At ýstindegi bala alaqanyn jayyp, auyldyng batagóy aqsaqaldarynan bata súraydy. Shashu shashylyp, tilek aitylyp, auyldyng aqsaqaly bata beredi.

Asqar-asqar taudan ót,

Aghyny qatty sudan ót.

It túmsyghy batpaytyn,

Irgesi biyik nudan ót.

Jolsyz jerde jol basta,

Jaugerlik bolsa qol basta.

Sәigýliging say bolsyn,

Tilegim osy әu basta Ámiyn, allahu әkpar!

Bata berilgen son, balanyng qolyna attyng tizginin, ong qolyna qamshy ústatady. Analar shashu  shashyp, tilekter aitady. Balany atqa mingizgen jigit atty erttep, kórshi-kolan, auyldy aralatady. Esigining aldyna ashamaygha minip kelgen balagha ýiding iyeleri shashu shashyp, balanyng kiyimine ýki, shashaq, tenge, monshaq qadaydy. Balagha mindetti týrde erge qajet at әbzelderin tartu etedi, qamshy syilanady.

Bala ýsti-basy әlem-jәlemge, әshekeyge tolyp auylgha qaytyp oralady. Sol kýni mal soyylyp, at shaptyrylyp, toy jasalady. Ashamaygha balany mingizip, attyng basyn jetektegen jigitke, bata bergen aqsaqalgha balanyng ata-anasy  syilyq beredi. Sәn saltanat әri qaray jalghasyn tabady. Bastauysh mektepting oqushylaryna layyq kórinis ózining ereksheligimen de, tәrbiyelik mәnimen de ýlgi bolar edi.

Bayaghy bala kezimizde әke-sheshem nauryzdy jasyryn toylap, nauryz kóje pisirip, mәni men maghynasyn týsindirip otyratyn. Kәzir qalay nasihattaymyn desek te mýmkindik bar.

Nauryzdyng 14i-nen bastap Batys jaqta «Kórisu», «Jýzdesu» degen jaqsy dәstýr saqtalghan. Syrttan kelgen tekti-teksiz mәdeniyetting salqynyna úrynbaghan babalarymyz osy 14-21 nauryz aralyghyndaghy bir jetini ólara dep ataghan.

Onyng syry mynada - bir jylda 365-66 kýn bar. Osy kýndi bir aidaghy 30 kýnge bólgende 6 kýn artyq qalady. Osy alty kýn nauryzdyng 13-i men 21-i aralyghyna keledi. Osy kýnderdi qazaq "Óliara" dep ataydy. Óliarada tabighat qúbylystary, kýtpegen oqighalar, qystyng qaharynan qalghan auru-syrqau, tabighat apattary bolady dep kýtedi. Osy kýnderi qystan aman shyghyp, kóktemning shuaqty kýninen ýmitti júrt birin-biri qúshaqtap kórisip, qúrbandyqqa mal aityp soyyp, «Mal-janymyzdy ólaradaghy tabighat apattary men jaysyz qúbylystarynan saqta» dep, birin-biri qúrmettep qonaqqa shaqyrady. "Kórisu", "Jýzdesu" dep jýrgenimiz osy. Alda әldeqanday qauip bar degen týsinikpen adamdar qatelikteri, artyq-kemderi bolsa keshirip, birinen-biri keshirim súraghan. Óitkeni "adam tabighattyng bir bólshegi, adamdar meyirimdi bolsa, tabighat ta meyirlenedi" dep týsingen. nauryzdyng 13-21-i aralyghyndaghy ólaranyng әr kýnin boljap, janbyr jausa, "molshylyq bolady" dep, "shóp shýigin, mal toq bolady" dep, jel túryp, kýn suytsa, "jaz salqyn bolady" dep bir jyldyng aua rayyn boljaytyn bolghan. Osy amaldan ótkennen keyin bir ay boyy nauryz merekesi toylanady.

Biz nauryzda kýn men týnning teneletinin ghana bilemiz. Jaratylys pen Adam ýnemi birin-biri tolyqtyryp otyratyn tylsymnyng júmbaghy desek, biz tabighatty týsinbey, tabighatqa meyir tanyta almay jýrmiz. "Adamdar qatal bolsa, tabighat ta qatayady" dep otyratyn әkem marqúm. Bizding qataldyghymyzdy tabighat ta dәleldegisi keletin shyghar. Nauryzdy salt-dәstýrding ghana merekesi dep qana  týsinbey, meyir tanytyp, terenine ýnileyik.

Almahan MÚHAMETQALIQYZY,

Innovasiyalyq Tehnologiyalar Akademiyasy, «Abaytanu» ghylymiy-tanymdyq ortalyghynyng diyrektory.

Abai.kz