Amangeldi Aytaly: Jyly-jyly sóilesen, jylan ininen shyghady
Dәstýrli emes islam jәne memleket sayasaty
Qogham túraqtylyghyna dini faktordyng yqpaly eki týrli: bir jaghynan, qoghamnyng tútastyghyna jaghday jasaydy, ekinshi jaghynan, el tútastyghyna qauipte túghyzady. Jastardyng birqatary býgin salafizmge shaldyghyp, qaruly qaqtyghysqa deyin baryp jýr.
Salafizmning sebepteri
Ár nәrsening sebebin anyqtau- ony jenuding joly. Al sebepter kóp: internet arqyly auyzdyqtau, islamnyng qastandyqqa beyimdigi, syrttaghy teris aghymdardyn engizu, әleumettik ekonomikalyq jaghdaylar (kedeyshilik, júmyssyzdyq). Sóz joq, olardyng azdy-kópti yqpaly bar, biraq olar radikalizmning tolyq dәleli bola almaydy. Mysaly, qazaq auyly jappay kedey, júmyssyz deu shyndyqqa say emes. Auylda kishi biznes, keyde kólenkeli sipat alsa da, damyp keledi. Onda dәuletti, orta jәne kedeyler bar, biraq qayyrshylar, qanghybastar joqtyng qasy. Auylda qisayyp qúlap túrghyn ýiler de azaydy.
Radikalizm islam dinimen de baylanysty emes. Narazylyq kónil kýy bolsa, ol basqa sebepterge baylanysty. Keyde islam jihad jasaushy terrorist júmaqqa barady deydi, sondyqtan mәngilik rahat qa bólenu ýshin keybir jastar qúrban bolugha dayyn dep te aitady. Degenmen mynanday belgili mysaldar bar. Buddister eli Shriy-Lankede 1987 jyldan 2002 jylgha deyin separatister, negizinen 15 jasqa deyingi balalar men jas óspirimder, 170 ret ózderin jaryp tastaghan. «Tamiyl-Ilam Jolbarystar qozghalysy» balalardy ólimshige ainaldyrdy. Islam iydeologiyasyna ýsh qaynasa sorpasy qosylmaytyn búl qozghalys sosialistik memleketti qúru ýshin kýresti. Osy túrghydan radikaldanudyng Qazaqstannyng әrtýrli aimaqtarynda erekshe kelbet aluyn týsindiru onay emes.
Salafizm Qazaqstandyq qoghamyndaghy manyzdy ózgeristermen baylanysty. Birinshiden, tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin ekonomikalyq reformalar, jekeshilendiru saldarynan qalypty әleumettik túrmys qarqyndy janalyqqa úshyrady, kenshar, újamsharlar tarady, kóptegen zauyt pen fabrikalar júmysyn toqtatty, qoghamdyq úiymdar da ydyrady, әrkim ózinshe kýn kórdi. Balapan basyna, túrymtay túsyna ketip, auyl qalagha kóshti. Auyl adamyna qalanyn ortasy bóten, qorqynyshty, al qalalyqtar «biz» ben «olar» dep bólindi. Búrynghy qatynastardy retteytin tetikter, baqylau joyylyp, adamdar arasyndaghy jana qatynastardy retteytin normalar әli qalyptaspady, qylmystyq etek aldy. Sosiologiya iliminde búl qúbylysty anomiya, nemese, zansyzdyq deydi. 90 –shy jyldary N.Nazarbaev ta búl mәsele turaly maqala da jazdy.
Ekinshiden, jana zamanda kenestik tәrbiye, kenestik qúndylyqtar joqqa shygharyldy, olar tipti jastardyng jana zamangha beyimdeleýine ziyandy dep tanyldy. Osylay úrpaqaralyq baylanys ýzildi.
Enbek adamdary, intelliygensiya ókilderi, mәdeniyet, óner, ghylym qayratkerleri búrynghy ruhani bedelderinen aiyryldy. Qalay tabylghanyna qaramastan, bedeldin kózi baylyq boldy. Búl jastardyng narazylyghyn tudyrdy, sebebi olardyng da osu jolynda qiyndyqtar tudy. Osydan kelip jastar arasynda abyrju, kýizelisten shyghu joldaryn izdeu bastaldy.
Ýshinshiden bizding býgingi ómirimizdin taghy bir erekshiligi- ol beymәlim, dýdәmal jaghdaylardyng kóptigi. Auyldyq jerde, mysaly, tabystyng kózi-mal úrlyghynyng kóbengi, der kezinde qajetti medisinalyq kómek ala almau, ekstremist dep memlekettik organdardyn kýdigi men qysymy, tabighy apat, júmyssyz qalu jәne taghy basqalar ertengi kýnge senimsizdik tughyzady. Adamdar úzaq merzimge boljau jasaugha qorqady, mәngilik ómir mәselesi kóp alandatady («mýmkin erteng ólersin, on jyldyghyndy oilau nege qajet» deydi). Islam, basqada dinder dinning barlyq qaghidalaryn oryndasa júmaqtyng esigi ashyq deydi. Osydan túraqty ómir tek ol dýniyede, búl ómir ótkinshi degen pikirdi talay estip jýrmiz. Aynalyp kellgende, búl psihologiya osy ómirdegi belsendi is-amaldyng qúndylyghyn kemitedi. Al úrpaqtar sabaqtastyghynyng ýzilui din jaghynan sauatsyz әke-ana, ata-әjening bedelin týsirdi, olardyng ornyn jalghan «әuliyeler» basty.
Osylay taza su bolmaghandyqtan jastar lay sugha tap bolyp, dәstýrli emes islam iydeologtarynyng yqpalyna týsti. Búl iydeologiya adamnyng is-qimylyn egjey-tegjeylerine deyin rettep, ómir salty men qylyqtaryn qalyptastyrady. «Jaratushy bәrin kórip otyr, odan eshtene jasyra almaysyn»-degendi jii estiymiz.
Tórtinshiden, meshit býgin әrtýrli baghyttaghy músylmandardyng tabysatyn, yqpaldasatyn, pikirlesetin orynyna ainaldy. Kedey de, bay da, qayyrshy da meshitte birdey, barlyghy bir-birine bauyr, barlyghy da birdey qúrmetti, Alla aldynda aiyrmashylyqtary joq, bir jamaghat. Búl qauymdastyq narazalyq kónil kýidi qoldaydy, materialdyq baylyqqa qúrylghan, jemqorlyq pen klandyq jýiege negizdelgen qoghamdy maqúldamaydy jәne oghan әdilettikke negizdelgen shariatqa ýilesimdi músylman memleketin qarsy qoyady. Keyde ony negizdeuge basqa da uәjder aitylady. Shariat-ol Jaratushydan. Al bizdin parlament qabyldaytyn zandar tez ózgeredi, naqtylanady, tolyqtyrylady jәne olar júmys istemeydi de. Sondyqtan, aiyrmashylyq jer men kóktey. «Zayyrly zandardy ózderi qabyldap, ózderi búzady»- deydi músylman memleketin jaqtaushylar.
Sonymen, búl dәstýrli emes islamdy qoldaushylardy aqtau ýshin emes, әrtýrli diny aghymdar syrttan kelgender emes, enaldymen bizding qoghamnyng әleumettik qarym-qatynastarynan tuyndaydy. Biraq búl salafizm saqtala beredi jәne oghan balama joq degendi bildirmeydi.
Dәstýrli emes islamdy tandaudyng astarlary
Bizde memleketke jaghymdy, dәstýrli últtyq qúndylyqtardy, mәdeniyet pen әdet-ghúryptardy syilaytyn din dep dәstýrli islamdy ataydy. Negizinen salafizm dep atalyp ketken dәstýrli әdet-ghúrypqa ong kózben qaramaytyndardy dәstýrli emes islam deydi. Osydan din salasyndaghy sayasat dәstýrli islamdy qoldaugha, al salafizmen ymyrasyz iydeologiyalyq kýreske baghyttalghan. Búl ústanym qalyptasqan jaghdaygha tym jenil-jelpi qarap, búl salada kesimdi baylam jasaytyn memlekettik organdargha dúrys baghyt- baghdar bermey otyr.
Qazaqtar ýshin dәstýrli islam degen úghym da búldyr, naqty emes. Qazaqtardyn basym kópshiligi sunitter men shiiyterdi, mazhabtardy aiyra bermeydi. Hanafy mazhabyna jatatyndaryn sezinbeydi, elimizdegi basqa mazhabtar barlyghynan da mәlimetteri tapshy. Ádet-ghúryp jaghynan hanafy mazhabtaghylardyng arasynda ýlken erekshilikter bar, biraq olar mәdeny erekshilikterdi syilaytyn, baysaldy ústanymdaghy dәstýrli islamdaghylardyng tútastyghyna kólenke týsirmeydi. Qazaqstan músylmandary ýshin islam eng aldymen mәdeni, últtyq qúndylyq, dәstýr, sosyn baryp senim. Din men últtyq qúndylyqtar qazaqtar dýniyetanymynda ýilesim tapqan.
Sonymen birge dәstýrli emes islamdy da saralap baghalau dúrys, sebebi ol aghymdaghylardyng kózqarastary men ómirlik ústanymdary birkeliki emes. Ghylymy qauymdastyq pen sayasatkerler dәstýrli emes islamdy sayasi emes islam jәne sayasy islam dep bóledi. Birinshileri jeke túrmysta syrtqy kórinisimen, әdepterimen, basqalarmen aralas- qúralasymen erekshelenedi. Biraq olar memleketke qarsylyq bildirmeydi, biylikke yqpal jasaugha úmtylmaydy. Allanyng aldynda óz otbasynyn, jaqyn- tuystary ýshin paryzyn moyyndaydy.
Sayasy islam, ony keyde islamizm deydi, bolashaqta islam- memleketi-halifat ornatu ýshin kýresedi. Olardyng qatarynda kýresti beybit jolmen jýrgizudi qoldaytyndar, bolashaq demografiyalyq ózgeristerge baylanysty músylmandar әlemde san jaghynan basym bolghanda ghana óz biyligimizdi jýrgizemiz deytin baysaldyldylar da bar.
Baysaldylar men qatar jihadshylar, «dinsizderge» qarsy qaruly kóteriliske shaqyratyn dar bar. Olardyng arasynda da beybit halyqty óltirudi qoldamaytyndar joq emes. Biraq qastandyqpen adam óltirudi iygi is jәne basqa da kýsh júmsau kerek deytinder býgin barshylyq. «Islam memleketi» («DAIYSh») ústanymy sonyng kórinisi.
Osy jaghdaylardan dәstýrli emes dindegilerding barlyghyn ekstremisterge jatqyzudyng qanshalyqty jóni bar degen saual tuady. Eger QR konstitusiya talaptaryna jýginsek, oghan qayshy keletin qaruly kýreske beyimdi jihadty qoldaushylar. Al beybit, baysaldy salafitterding de is- әreketterin qazaqstandyq zandylyq túrghysynan baghalau jón. Qazaqstanda tanylghan iydeologiyalyq jәne sayasy әr- aluandyq túrghysynan bolashaqta halifat ornatu zangha qayshy emes. Óz bolashaq maqsat - múrattaryn kommunister de, ekologtar da, basqalar da nasihattaydy.
Islam din salasynda «ýlkenge», sheyhqa, imamgha búljytpay baghynudy talap etpey jas úrpaqqa qúndylyqtar men ómirding mәnin ózbetterimen tandaugha, әdeptterge keng mýmkin beredi.
Ártýrli diny aghymdar taraghan ortada dinge qyzyghushylyq tanytqan jastar bir aghymdy tandaudyng aldyna túrady. Tandaugha kóptegen faktorlar әser etedi. Ol әleumettik ortagha, әrtýrli músylmandarmen aralasuyna, imamnyng bedeline, internettegi aqparatqa baylanysty. Sonymen birge olardyng tәrbiyesinin, bilim dengeyinin, otbasynyn, ata-analarynyn, kieuining jәne әielining yqpalynyng da orny bólek.
Qylmystyq orta zorlyq - zombylyqqa beyimdeydi. Qúqyq qorghau organdarynyn negizsiz kýdigi, ýnemi baqylau, «syrlasugha» shaqyruy da jastardy syrtqa teuip, radikaldyq aghymgha iytermeleydi. Eger jas jigit din mәselesine baylanysty ata- anasymen kelispey, әleumettik әdiletsizdikpen betpe-bet kelip jýrse, ol dәstýrli emes aghymgha ótui mýmkin.
Jas óspirimderding psihologiyasyna baylanysty taghy bir jaghdaydy eskergen jón. Olargha qarsylyqty batyrlyqqa, erjýrektikke teneu tәn. Jastar, әsirese, studentter ekstremisterge niyettes bolyp qana qoymay, olardy әdiletsizdikke qarsy kýreskerler dep qabyldap, ýlgi tútuy, elikteuleri de mýmkin. Onyn ýstine syrtqy týrimen erekshelingen jastardy biz resmi ómirden shettetip, qarsy jaqa qaray iytermeleymiz, olardyng kolledj, joghary oqu orny bitirgen diplomdary bolsa da júmysqa ornalasuy qiyn. Sondyqtan olar radikaldardyng ortasynda, ózge qúndylyqtardy maqúldaytyndardyng arasynda ózderin tanytady. Múnday kónil-kýi, әsirese, beybit qarsylyq bildiruge mýmkindik joq jaghdayda ashyq kórinis alady.
Salafizmge kýshpen әser etu uaqytsha mәseleni shesher, qaruly qarsylyqtyng betin qaytarar. Biraq terroristerdi kýshpen basu psihologiyalyq jaghynan qarsylyqty órshitedi, jana jaqtastardyng payda boluyna sebepker bolady, olar ósh alu ýshin jana syltaular tabady. Ekinshi jaghynan, ósh alushylar jaqyn juyqtary terrordan qaza bolghan halyqtyng arasynda da kóbeyedi. Osylay qoghamdy arazdyq pen ýrey jaylaydy, adamdardyng kónil-kýii zorlyq-zombylyqqa beyimdele beredi.
Sayasat basymdyqtary
Qazaqstanda músylman memleketin ornatu mýmkin emestigin radikaldar biledi. Biraq qarsy túru, qasarysudy qajet dep esepteydi, biylik sol kýnde ghana sanasady dep oilaydy. Biylikting songhy kezde temirjol jәne ózen porttarynda, aeroporttarda namaz oqugha rúqsat beruin óz bedelderin ósiruge paydalanuda.
Eng aldymen, memleketting zanyn oryndaytyn, sonymen birge dәstýrli emes islam ómir saltyn jәne zorlyqqa sýienbeytinderge memlekettik qyzmetkerler men qúqyq qorghau organdary jaghynan tózimdilik pen oryndy qúrmet sezimin kórsetu jón. Birjaqty tek resmi islamdy qoldau dәstýrli emes islam ókilderine qarsy әreket jasau әrtýrli radikaldy baghyttarmen kýreste tiyimdi emes. Qazaqstan músylmandar Din Basqarmasynyng sayasaty basqa mazhabtarmen, dәstýrli emes aghymdarmen qarym - qatynasty shiyelinistiruge emes, til tabysugha, qayshylyqty basugha negizdelui tiyis. «Jyly-jyly sóilesen, jylan ininen shyghady», deydi qazaq.
- Bar kýshti әr týrli kózqarastaghy jastardy, әsirese, shet elderde bilim alyp, radikaldardyng yqpalynda bolghandardy elge oralghanda últtyq ruhani qúndylyqtargha beyimdeuge júmsau kerek.
- Qarama - qayshylyqtar asqynyp qiynday týspeu ýshin býgin eki jaqqa bedeldi adamdardy, ardager-afgandyqtardy, deputattardy, mәdeniyet qayratkerlerin bәtua, toktamgha, kelisimge paydalanu jón.
- «Yzaly adam ghana meyirimsiz emes, yzalandyrghan adam da meyirimsiz» degen sóz bar. Býgin kýshtilik qúrylymdar qyzmetin qatang baqylaugha almay bolmaydy. Óz lauazymdyq qúqyn asyra silteu jazalanuy tiyis. Koloniyalarda sottalghandardan ekstremizmnen bas tarttym dep qolhat alu ýshin úryp soghudy aitpaghanda, qorqytu, «saqtyq» maqsatynda qysym jasau jaghdaylary jii kezdesedi. Kýshtik qúrylymdar qyzmetkerleri zandy saqtaugha, әdeptilikke mýddeli bolugha tiyisti, sebebi zansyz zorlyq-zombylyqtan eng aldymen ózderi japa shegude.
- Dәstýrli emes islam ómir saltyn ústanatyn, erekshe kiyinetin, әsirese, qarsylyq kórsetetin toptargha qosylmaytyndardy qudalaudy shekteu amaly býgingi jaghdayda kókeyge qonymdy.
- Biznespen ainalysatyn salafitterge qysym jasaugha bolmaydy, olar radikalizmge asa beyimdi emes. Al kýnkórisinen aiyrylsa, ayanatyn esh nәrse qalmaydy, kóz júmyp radikalizmge ketui mýmkin.
- Dәstýrli emes islamdaghy jastargha zayyrly jastarmen birdey bilim aluyna jәne júmysqa ornalasuyna mýmkindik bolghany dúrys. Búl olardyng dýniyetanymyna jәne azamattyq jetiluine yqpal etedi.
- Dәstýrli emes aghymdaghy jastardy qoghamdyq ruhany sharalargha, «Jasyl el» baghdarlamasyna, ekologiyalyq iygilikti bastamalargha, kórkem ónerpazdar qyzmetine, diny jәne zayyrly eldin manyzdy merekelerine ýnemi belsendi aralastyru azamattyq sana-sezim qalyptastyrady.
- Islam turaly dóreki kenes ateizmining tanylghan jónsiz, úshqary pikirlerinen arylyp, jastardy islamnyng adam ómirining barlyq salasyna baylanysty kisilik qúndylyqtarymen tanystyru býgingi kýnning ótkir mәselesi.
Demek, din sayasatynda memleketting basymdyqty ózgertui anaghúrlym tiyimdi bolady. Qoghamdyq kelisimge sәikes dәstýrli islamdy qoldaumen birge dәstýrli emes islamnyng baysaldy ókilderine kózqarasty qayta qarau jón. Dәstýrli emes islam ókilderi tónireginde jaghymsyz pikir qalyptastyryp, olardy qúdalaugha shaqyru jәne olardy ymyragha kelmeytindermen tendeu músylman qauymdastyghy arasyndaghy jikti asqyndyrady. Al olardyng arasyndaghy beybit joldy tandaghandardy saralap, ekshep baghalap qatynas ornatu zorlyq-zombylyqqa beyimdilerding yqpalyn shekteydi.
Eger baysaldylargha qysym jalghasa berse, olardyng kópshiligi ymyragha kelmeytinderding qataryna qosylady, shet elge ketedi, jastardy ózderine tartady, bir sózben aitqanda, jaghday shiyelenise beredi, radikaldy kózqarastaghylardyng yqpaly ósedi.
Dәstýrli emes islam ókilderi óz taghydyryna, otbasynyn, jaqyn juyqtarynyn, últynyng bolashaghyna bey-jay qaramaydy. Olardyn basym kópshiligi elding bilimi, mәdeniyeti, ruhany damuyna, kelisimge mýddeli. Áriyne, olardyng birqatary búl qúndylyqtardy ózderinshe týsinedi. Qoghamnyng maqsaty olardy shettetu emes, paydaly iske tartu.
Din salasynda memleketting sayasaty naqtylanyp, Qazaqstan Músylmandar Din Basqarmasy da dәstýrli emes dindegilerding barlyghyna bәsekelester dep qaramay, ústanymdaryn anyqtasa, biz elimizde dinishilik kelisimge kelemiz, bolmasa qaqtyghystar jalghasa berip túiyqqa tirelemiz. Búl onay jol emes ekeni belgili. Degenmen úly Abay aitap pa edi: «Men eger zakon quaty qolymda bar kisi bolsam, adam minezin týzep bolmaydy degen kisining tilin keser edim» dep.
Abai.kz