1978 jyly Aughanstanda sәuir aiynda tónkeris bolyp, onyng arty ayaqtalmas soghysqa ainaldy. Búl qasiret elding tek óz ishinde ghana emes, oghan syrt memleketterding qatysuymen de úzaqqa sozyldy. 1979 jyly kenes әskerlerining shekteuli kontingenti Aughanstangha kirip, 10 jylgha juyq soghys jýrgizdi. Oghan 22 myng qazaqstandyq qatysty. Soghystyng ayaqtalghanyna 15 aqpanda 20 jyl tolady.

Sәuirdegi әskery tónkeris – Aughanstan qasiretining bastamasy

Sәuir tónkerisi qarsanynda ekonomikalyq damu jaghdayy jóninen 1977 jyly Aughanstan 129 damushy memleketterding arasynda 108-shi oryndy iyelendi. Elding auyl sharuashylyghy feodaldyq jәne oghan deyingi kóptegen eskilik sarqynshaqtaryna әbden shyrmalghan edi. Halyqtyng 90%-y auyldyq jerde ómir sýrdi, ondaghy biylik feodaldardyn, taypa kósemderi men moldalardyng qolynda boldy. 13 millionnan astam adam otyryqshylyq kýy keshse, al 3 million aughandyqtar kóshpeli nemese jartylay kóshpeli túrmys qúrdy. Halyqtyng edәuir bóligi sauatsyz edi.
Elde sayasy partiyalardyng qyzmetine tyiym salyndy. Monarhiyalyq tәrtipting terrorlyq qysymyna, sosyn Múhammed Daudtyng “respublikalyq” ýkimetining tyiym saluyna qaramastan Aughanstan Halyqtyq Demokratiyalyq Partiyasy (AHDP) jasyryn týrde óz kýresin jalghastyrdy. Biraq M.Daudtyng tәrtibine aitarlyqtay ózgeris әkele almady. 1977 jyly memlekettik apparattan kóptegen adamdar quyldy.

1978 jyly Aughanstanda sәuir aiynda tónkeris bolyp, onyng arty ayaqtalmas soghysqa ainaldy. Búl qasiret elding tek óz ishinde ghana emes, oghan syrt memleketterding qatysuymen de úzaqqa sozyldy. 1979 jyly kenes әskerlerining shekteuli kontingenti Aughanstangha kirip, 10 jylgha juyq soghys jýrgizdi. Oghan 22 myng qazaqstandyq qatysty. Soghystyng ayaqtalghanyna 15 aqpanda 20 jyl tolady.

Sәuirdegi әskery tónkeris – Aughanstan qasiretining bastamasy

Sәuir tónkerisi qarsanynda ekonomikalyq damu jaghdayy jóninen 1977 jyly Aughanstan 129 damushy memleketterding arasynda 108-shi oryndy iyelendi. Elding auyl sharuashylyghy feodaldyq jәne oghan deyingi kóptegen eskilik sarqynshaqtaryna әbden shyrmalghan edi. Halyqtyng 90%-y auyldyq jerde ómir sýrdi, ondaghy biylik feodaldardyn, taypa kósemderi men moldalardyng qolynda boldy. 13 millionnan astam adam otyryqshylyq kýy keshse, al 3 million aughandyqtar kóshpeli nemese jartylay kóshpeli túrmys qúrdy. Halyqtyng edәuir bóligi sauatsyz edi.
Elde sayasy partiyalardyng qyzmetine tyiym salyndy. Monarhiyalyq tәrtipting terrorlyq qysymyna, sosyn Múhammed Daudtyng “respublikalyq” ýkimetining tyiym saluyna qaramastan Aughanstan Halyqtyq Demokratiyalyq Partiyasy (AHDP) jasyryn týrde óz kýresin jalghastyrdy. Biraq M.Daudtyng tәrtibine aitarlyqtay ózgeris әkele almady. 1977 jyly memlekettik apparattan kóptegen adamdar quyldy.
Elde múnday jaghdaydyng óris aluy halyqtyng jappay narazylyghyn tuyndata bastady. 70-shi jyldardyng ekinshi jartysynda Aughanstanda sha­rualar men pomeshiktik-úsaq burjuaziya arasynda qayshylyqtar ýdep, halyq jaghdayy birden shiyeleniske tap boldy. M.Daudtyng agrarlyq reformasy esh nәtiyje shyghara almady.
Eldegi әleumettik-taptyq qayshy­lyqtar men sayasy kýresterding shiyelenisui ofiyserlerding kóp bóligin qamtyghan armiyada da oppozisiyalyq kónil-kýidi bayqatty. M.Daud 1973 jyly 17 shil­dede ofiyser-kommunisterdi (A.Qadyr­dy, A.Vatandjardy jәne S.Gulyab­zoy­dy) sheber paydalana otyryp “Parcham­nyn” jetekshi qayratkerlerining kóme­gimen is jýzinde qan shashylmaghan tónkeris jasap, koroli Zahir Shahty biylikten shettetti, monarhiyany taratyp, ózin respubliy­kanyng preziydenti dep jariyalady.
Qyzmetke kiriskennen keyin ol AHDP-nyng kóshbasshylarymen sanasa­tynyna sendirgenmen, olardyng úsynghan joldaryna boy úsynbay, múnday jolbiykelerden tezirek qútylugha asyqty. Sóitip, ózining manayyndaghy kenesshi­lerin parchamisterden týgel tazartty. Oghan tónkeris jasaugha kómektesken ofiy­ser­ler dalada qaldy. Búl jaghday keyi­ni­rek M. Daudtyng óz basyna tayaq bop tiydi.
1977-1978 jyldary Kabul, Kan­da­gar, Gerat jәne taghy basqa iri qalalarda jappay maniyfestasiyalardyng boluy jәne oghan adamdardyng myndap qatysuy el ishine qanday da bir tónkeristi alyp keletinin bayqatty. Eldegi progresshil kýshterge qarsy repressiyalyq shara­lardy jýzege asyra bastaghan M.Daud AHDP basshylaryn qudalay bastady.
AHDP basshylary N.M.Taraky men B.Karmali tútqyndaldy. Sayasy qarsy­l­as­­taryn osylay túqyrtqan ýkimet óz kónilderine rizashylyq senimmen qarady. 26 sәuir kýni eldegi býkil әskery bólimderde kommunisterdi basyp-janshudyng qúrmetine mereke ótkizildi. Aughanstannyng Qorghanys ministri M.H. Rasuly әskery qyzmetshiler ýshin saltanatty keshki tamaq pen kónil kóteru sharalaryn úiymdastyrugha búiryq berdi. Osyny paydalanghan halyqshyldar tiyisti dayyndyq júmystaryn qolgha alyp, sharalar ótkizuge әzirlik júmystaryn jýrgizdi.
27 sәuirde tanertengi saghat 6-da Kabuldaghy hayuanattar parkining ma­nayynda Said Múhammed Gulyabzoydyng (ishki әskerler men әue shabuylynyng qorghanysyna jauapty), Asadulla Pyyamanyng (4-tank brigadasyna jau­apty), Alish Paymaannyng (zenittik-raketalyq brigadagha jauapty), Múham­med Dosttyng (32-shi “komandos” polkine jauapty) qatysuymen әskery tónkeriske basshylyq jónindegi ýilestiru tobynyng mәjilisi bolyp ótti.
Osy mәjiliste tanertengi saghat 8-ge taman barlyghy da óz әskery bólim­de­rinde tolyq dayarlyqpen iske kirisip, ishki әskerdin, әue qorghanysy әsker­lerining jәne jayau әskerding әreketin ýilestiruge sheshim qabyldandy. “Said Múhammed” atty paroli, “ Miyg-21” atty shaqyru belgilendi.
Búl kýni Kabuldyng auasy shayday ashyq bolyp, kýn jarqyrap túrdy. Aldyda bolatyn oqighadan beyhabar qala túrghyndary kýndelikti tirshiligimen ainalysyp jatty. Ministrler kabiyneti saghat 9-da ózderining mәjilisin bastady. Oghan M. Daud tóraghalyq etti. Kýn tәrtibinde partiya basshylaryn tútqyngha alghannan keyingi qalyptasqan ahual tu­ra­ly súraq túrdy. Ministrlerding ba­sym kópshiligi, M.Daudtyng ózin qosqanda tútqyndaghylargha ólim jazasyn jariya­laugha qarsy bolmady. Osy sheshim tó­nireginde ony qoldaushylar men qarsy shyghushylar arasynda qyzu aitys-tar­tys­tar da ótti. Kabul radiosy búl ua­qyt­ta AHDP basshylaryn astyrtyn tón­keris jasaugha qatysushylar dep aiyptap, qamaugha alghanyn habarlap ta qoydy.
27 sәuir kýni saghat 9-da mayor Múhammed Aslam Vatandjar ózining brigada komandiyrining kabiynetine kirip, kommunistik basshylar tútqyngha alynghannan keyingi qauipsizdikti kýsheytu jәne preziydent sarayyna kýshti kýzet qoy maqsatynda, qaramaghymdaghy bataliongha oq-dәri bóluge rúqsat etuinizdi ótinemin dedi.
Brigada komandiyri bataliondaghy әrbir 12 tankige 6 snaryadtan bóluge rúqsat qaghazyn berdi. Tik túryp qúrmet kór­setken jas ofiyser kabiynetten shyqty. Al komandir bolsa ýkimetti qúlatugha baghyttalghan kýshke rúqsat bergenin bilmedi. Oq-dәri bóluge berilgen rúqsat qaghazyndaghy 6 sanyna nóldi qosqan M. A. Vatandjar, әrbir әskery mashinagha 6-dan emes, 60-tan snaryad aldy.
Belgilengen jospar boyynsha saghat 12-de aughandyq Áskery Áue Kýshteri (ÁÁK) eskadriliyasy әskery qala­shyqtar, onyng ishinde preziydent sarayynyng ýstinen úshudy bastady. Búl әreket saraygha shabuyldy bastau ýshin tankishilerge berilgen belgi edi. ÁÁK-ning podpolkovniygi Abdul Kadyr Bag­ram­daghy ÁÁK-i bazasyn basyp alghannan key­in, ózining jaqtaushysy Hashammen birge tik­úshaq­pen Kabul әuejayyna úshyp keldi de, әue kýshterining әreketin óz basshy­lyghyna aldy.
12 saghat 15 minutta tankishiler rota­synyng agha kapitany Omardyng qolbas­shylyghymen 4-shi tankishiler brigadasynyng alghashqy legi preziydent sarayy qaqpasynyng aldynda túrdy. Kabiynet mәjilisi búl ua­qyt­ta jalghasa berdi. Olargha mayor Vatan­d­jar, mayor S.D.Tarun, mayor Nazar Mu­ham­­med, mayor Mazduriyar jәne kapitan Ahmed Han siyaqty ofiyserler basshylyq jasady.
Bir uaqytta Vatandjar saraygha alghashqy oqty atugha búiryq berdi. Ol atylysymen saraygha jan-jaqtan oqtar atyla bastady. M.Daud mәjilisti toqtata salyp: “Kimde-kim óz ómirin saqtaghysy kelse, saraydy tastap qashugha bolady”, – dep ministrlerge mәlimdedi.
“Halyq” jaghyndaghylar dereu qaru-jaraq jәne basqaru punktterin basyp alugha kiristi. Qarsylyq kórsetushiler eskertusiz atyldy, qalghandary qamaugha alyndy. Qorghanys ministri G.H.Rasulidyng núsqauymen shabuylgha shyqqan 7-shi jәne 8-shi diviziyalardyn, 88-shi artille­riyashylar brigadasynyng keybir bólim­shelerining is-qimyly beytaraptandyryldy. Keshke qaray 4-shi tankishiler brigadasyna “komandos” bólimining ýlken toby kelip qosyldy. Osydan keyin M.Daudqa berilgen bólimsheler әlsizdendirildi. Saghat keshki 1730-da S.D.Tarun tútqynda otyrghan AHDP basshylaryn qamaudan bosatty.
Saghat 1700 jәne 1730 aralyghynda kóterilisshiler radiostansiyany basyp aldy. Efirden biylik basyndaghylar auysqan kezde dәstýrli týrde oryndalyp otyratyn “Raga Malihar” últtyq әueni berildi. Artynan revolusiyanyng jengendigi turaly habarlandy. Radiodan habar tarasymen aughan ÁÁK-ning úshaqtary kóterilisshilerge әli de qarsylyq kórsetip jatqan M.Daud pen onyng jaqyndary jәne oghan adal qyzmet etetin kýzet ornalasqan preziydent sarayyn soqqynyng astyna aldy. “Komandos” toby M.Daudtyng sarayyna basyp kirdi jәne olardan qarsylyq kórsetuin toqtatudy talap etti. Atys kezinde M.Daud jәne onyng barlyq otbasy mýsheleri oqqa úshty.
28 sәuir kýni tang ata tankishilerdin, úshqyshtardyng jәne “komandostyn” birlesken kýsh jigerimen preziydent sarayyn qorghaushy gvardiyanyng qarsylyghy basylyp, biylik AHDP jaghyna kóshti. Biraz uaqyttardan keyin Kandagar, Jelalabad, Gerat, Gazny garnizondary, Shindand, Mazariy-Shariftegi әuejaylar kóterilisshi ofiyserlerding baqylauyna kóshti. Áskery qyzmetshiler arasynan 43 adam qaza tapty. Jalpy shyghyn 100 adamgha jetti.
1978 jyldyng 27 sәuirinen 3 mamyryna deyingi aralyqta Kabulda birde-bir gazet shyqpady. Eldegi bolyp jatqan jaghdaylar jóninde halyq tek radiodan ghana aqparat aldy. 28 sәuir kýni saghat 1730 - da Kabul radiosynan Áskeriy-revolusiyalyq kenesting mәlimdemesi habarlandy.
Qarapayym halyq sәuir tónkerisining jenisin quanyp qarsy aldy. Óitkeni, aughan halqy óz ómirlerinde ong ózgeris kýtip, ol ózgeristerge osynday tónkeristing nәtiyjesinde qol jetkizemiz dep ýmittendi.
Aughanstannyng Qaruly kýshteri eldegi jaghdaygha tolyq baqylau ornatty. 29 sәuir kýni tanerteng júmysshylar, qyzmetshiler, satushylar, studentter, enbekshiler ózderining kýndelikti júmysyn bastady. Barlyq dýkender ashylyp, túrghyndar azyq-týlik jәne basqa tauarlarmen tolyq qamtamasyz etildi. Eldegi sharuashylyq mehanizmi bir qalypty júmys istey bastady.
Jaghdaydyng túraqtanuy, el basqaru apparatyn azamattyq jýiemen almastyrugha mýmkindik berdi. 1978 jyldyng 29 sәuiri kýni keshki saghat 9-da Áskeriy-revolusiyalyq kenesting qaruly kýshteri óz biyligin ADR-dyng Revolusiyalyq kenesine ótkizdi.
Áskeriy-revolusiyalyq kenesting Jar­lyghynda oghan qosa mynaday mәlimdemeler bayandaldy: “1357 jyly 7 sәuirde (1978 jyl 27 sәuir) elde ofiyserler men soldattardyng bastauymen Aughanstanda revolusiyalyq tónkeris boldy. Búl tónkeris 24 saghat ishinde Múhammed Daudtyng jýiesin joydy. Áskeriy-revolusiyalyq kenes óz biyligin Aughanstan Demokratiyalyq Respublikasynyng eng jo­gharghy memlekettik ókimetti Revolusiyalyq keneske ótkizdi. Revolusiyalyq kenesting qúramyna 40 adam kirdi, onyng beseui qaruly kýshterining ókili boldy.
1978 jyldyng 30 sәuirinde AHDP ózde­rining birinshi mәjilisinde OK Bas hatshysy qyzmetine N.M.Tarakiydi saylady jәne ol ýkimet basshysy (Ministrler Kenesi Tóra­ghasy) bolyp ta esepteldi, al Babrak Karmali – Revolusiyalyq kenes tóraghasynyng orynbasary jәne Aughanstan ýkimeti basshysynyng orynbasarlyghyna saylandy”.
Eng jogharghy memlekettik ókimet organy dep eseptelgen Revolusiyalyq kenes, 30 sәuir kýni eldi Aughanstan Demokratiyalyq Respublikasy dep jariyalady.
Alayda, revolusiyanyng alghashqy ailary revolusiyalyq baghyt eleuli týrde búrmalaushylyqqa úrynyp, qatelikter men selkeulikter eldegi ong prosesting damuyn edәuir kýrdelenidirip jiberdi, revolusiyagha býiregi búratyn odaqtastardy ýrkitip aldy, sóitip, olardyng kópshiligi revolusiyanyng jauyna ainaldy. Búdan bólek, jer jәne basqa da reformalardy jýzege asyru barysynda asyra silteushilikke, revolusiya zandylyqtaryn búzugha jol berildi.
Ásirese, AHDP-nyng sharualargha qatysty teris sayasaty eldegi revolusiyalyq prosesting damuyna keri әser etip, ony auyr zardaptargha úryndyrdy. Sharualardyng eng kedey toptaryn biylik basyna kelushilerding óz jaghyna tarta almauy jergilikti jerdegi kontrrevolusiyanyng yqpalyn kýsheytti.
Týrli qolaysyzdyqtardan jәne kontrrevolusiyalyq nasihattyng әserinen sharualardyng edәuir bóligi Pәkstan men Irangha ketip qaldy, onda olar kontrrevolusiyanyng qaruly otryadtarynyng sarqylmas kýshine jәne onyng qataryn tolyqtyrudyng negizgi kózine ainaldy.
1978 jyly jazda AHDP-daghy alauyzdyqtyng kýsheye týsui armiyanyng betimen ketuine yqpal etti. Ókimet 1979 jyldyng ayaghyna deyin armiyada ongha tarta jappay tazalau jýrgizdi, múnyng ózi ofiyserler korpusynyng edәuir әlsireuine yqpal etti. Eger 1978 jyly mausymda armiyada shtattaghy sany 110 myng adam bolugha tiyis jaghdayda, 70 myng әskery qyzmetshi bolsa, 1979 jyldyng ayaghynda armiya qatarynda 40 myng adam qaldy. Oqytu jaghy da nashar boldy. Kishi ofiyserlerding basym kópshiligi 6-8 aptalyq jedeldetilgen kurstardy ghana bitirdi. 1979 jyldyng ayaghynda aughan armiyasynda úiymdasqan tәrtip búzushylyqtar etek ala bastady. Ofiyserler qúramynyng arasynda últaralyq qayshylyq shiyelenisip ketti.
1979 jyldyng ayaq sheninde-aq Pәkstan aumaghynda revolusiyagha qarsy kýresu­shilerding 30-dan astam bazalary men oqu ortalyqtary qúryldy. Búl bazalarda 1980 jyldyng ózinde 30 mynnan astam býlikshiler dayarlyqtan ótti. Búdan keyin Aughanstanmen kórshiles elderde 100-den astam oqu ortalyqtary júmys istey bastady, al olardaghy býlikshil kýshter 100 myng banditter men jaldamalylargha deyin ósti. 1979 jylghy mamyr aiynyng ayaghynda 22 provinsiya soghys jaghdayyna kóshti. Osy jyldyng qarashasynan jana ókimetting bas ortalyghyna naqty qauip tóne bastady.
Sәuirdegi әskery tónkeristen keyin AHDP basshylarynyng arasynda, alghashqy jyldarda saqtalghan baqtalastyqtar qayta payda boldy. Búl jaghday sonau 1967 jyly kóktemde AHDP-nyng eki topqa: N.M.Taraky basshylyghyndaghy “Halyq” jәne B.Karmali basshylyghyndaghy “Parcham” toptarynyng jikke aiyryluyn qayta eske týsirdi. Tón­ke­risten jeti ay ótkennen keyin, 27 qara­sha­da “parcham” tobynyng toghyz adamy partiya­dan shygharylyp, halyq jauy dep jariyalandy.
Kýnnen-kýnge adamdardyng kópshiligi jana ókimetke degen senimin joghaltty. Osydan baryp, el ishinde býlikshiler legi kóbeydi. Birdesten keybir syrtqy elder tarapynan Aughanstannyng ishki isine aralasushylyq etek aldy.
Osynday ahualdyng ayasynda 1978 jyldyng kókteminen – 1979 jyldyng kýzine deyingi uaqytta aughandyq basshylar arasynda qarama-qayshylyqtar kýsheydi. N.M.Taraky men H.Amin arasynda biylik ýshin kýres bastaldy.

Aughan soghysy qalay bastaldy?
Aughanstandaghy jәne onyng ainal­as­yn­daghy shiyelinisti jaghdaylardyng órshuine baylanysty aughandyq jetekshiler tarapynan ADR-gha óz әskerlerimen kómek beru jóninde Kenes Odaghyna ótinishter týse bastady. Mún­day ótinishter Kabuldaghy kenestik ókil­der: KSRO-nyng Aughanstandaghy tótenshe jәne ókiletti elshisi A.M Puzanov, Mem­le­kettik Qauipsizdik Komiytetining ókili general-leytenant L.N.Gorelov arqyly berildi. Aughandyq ýkimet basshylary óz elining ishindegi jaghdaydy Kenes Odaghyn tikeley qatystyra otyryp sheshuge tyrys­ty.
1979 jyldyng 15 nauryzynda Geratta 20 myng adamnan túratyn túrghyndardyng ýkimetke qarsy býligi búrq ete týsti. Oghan komandirlerining yntasymen әskery garnizon bólimsheleri de belsene qatysty. Myngha juyq adam qaza boldy.
Jaghday әli týsiniksiz bolsa da, KSRO Qor­ghanys ministri D.F.Ustinovtyng búiryghymen Aughanstan shekarasyna jaqyn audandarda keybir sharalardy jýrgizu bastaldy. Ol KSRO Qaruly Kýshterining Bas shtabyna kerek bolghan jagh­dayda bir әue-desant diviziya­syn uaqytsha әueden týsiru ýshin dayyndaugha, Týrkistan әskery okrugining tankshiler men atqyshtar polkynyng әs­ke­ry dayyndyghyn kýsheytuge jәne Orta Aziya әskery okru­gining keybir diviziyalaryn Ter­mez audanyna qaray jyljytugha búiryq berdi.
Ýsh kýnning ishinde (17-19 nauryz) L.IY.Brejnevting úsynysymen Gerattaghy býlikshilerding әreketine qarsy, sonymen birge Gerattaghy qaruly qaqtyghystardy basyp-janshugha kómek beru ýshin kenes әskerlerin engizu ótinishi KOKP OK Sayasy Burosynyng mәjilisinde talqylandy.
N.M.Tarakiyding bastauymen aughandyq jetekshiler birinshi ret kenestik әskerlerdi jiberu turaly ótinishterin bildirdi. Ony N.Taraky 1979 jyldyng 18 nauryzynda A.N.Kosyginmen telefon arqyly bolghan әngimesinde aitty. Osydan keyin “aughandyq ýshtik” Yu.V.Andropov, A.A.Gromyko jәne D.F.Ustinov jinaldy. Sóitip, ADR basshysy N.Taraky jasyryn týrde jedel Kenes Odaghynyng astanasy Mәskeuge shaqyryldy. Mәskeude jәne Kabulda búl isti at tóbelindey adamdar ghana bildi. N.M.Taraky 20 nauryzda Mәskeuge keldi.
N.M.Tarakiyding kónili kýpti bolmas ýshin sol kýni L.IY.Brejnevpen ADR basshysyna kezdesu úiymdastyryldy. 1979 jylghy mamyrdyng basynda Orta Aziya respub­liy­kalarynyng týpkilikti últynan jasaqtalghan arnayy batalion qúru jóninde sheshim qabyldandy. 2 mamyrda KSRO Qaruly Kýshteri Bas Shtaby barlau basqarmasynyng bastyghy armiya generaly P.I.Ivashutin osy basqarmanyng agha ofiyseri V.V.Koles­nikti ózine shaqyryp, músylman últy ókilderinen qúralatyn bataliondy jasaqtaugha jәne dayyndaugha basshylyq etudi tabystady.
Ayryqsha maqsattaghy batalion ýshin әsker qúramy Týrkistan jәne Orta Aziya әskery okrugterinin, músylman últy ókilinen, әsirese, barlaushylar, atqyshtar jәne tankishiler bólimshelerinen tanda­lynyp alyndy. Shyghys tilin bilu jәne qayratty bolu – basty talap bol­dy. Batalion tek jana teh­nikamen jәne qaru-jaraqpen jasaqtalyndy. Ol arnayy eki topqa bólingen bes rotadan túrdy. Sany 500 adamnan sәl artyq boldy. Batali­on komandiyri bolyp V.V.Kolesnikting úsynysy boyynsha ózbek últynyng ókili, mayor Habid Tәji­bayúly Halbaev taghayyn­daldy. Mamyr aiynyng ayaghyna qaray “músyl­man­dyq” batalion qúrylyp bitti. Ol Tashkent ma­nyn­daghy Shyr­shyqta tanki­shiler uchiliyshesine ja­qyn jerdegi әskery qala­shyqqa jayghasty. Jaz boyy әsker qúramy ar­nayy maman­dyqtar boy­ynsha atys taktiy­kalaryn iygeruge jәne jalyq­pay dene shynyqtyru isine (qa­ru-jaraqtyng bar týrinen atu, betpe-bet ai­qasu, jýgiru, mina iste­rin iygeru jәne t.b.) dayyn­daldy. Olargha qosa birte-birte KSRO MQK-ning airyqsha maqsattaghy bólim­sheleri day­yndyqqa kiristi. Keybireuleri Kabulgha erterek aparylyp tastalyndy.
Aughandyq jetekshiler Kabuldaghy kenestik ókilder arqyly óz ótinishterin jetkizu turaly súranystaryn toqtatpady, al kenestik ókilder bolsa aughandyq jetekshilerding ótinishterin tizbektey jaza otyryp Mәskeuge habarlama beruden jalyqpady. Al, búlay habarlama jiberip otyru, Kenes әskerlerining 1979 jyldyng 25 jeltoqsanynda Aughanstangha engenge deyingi kýndelikti daghdysyna ainaldy. H.Amin óz ókilettiligin kýsheytu maqsatynda Aughanstanda kenes әskerlerining boluyn óte qatty qalady jәne osy maqsatqa jetu ýshin qolynan kelgenining bәrin istep baqty. Ol sol uaqytta kenestik әskerding ózining týbine jetushiler bolatynyn oilamady.
Sol jyldardaghy kenestik sarapshy­lar­dyng baghalauy boyynsha, KSRO basshylary qoryta kele qanday revolusiyany qorghaugha jinalghanyn bilmeytin, oghan qosa ózderi sonyna deyin sheshe de almaghan qiyn qadamgha tap boldy. Birte-birte Amindi qyzmetinen shettetetin jәne onyng ornyn oghan qaraghanda adal isteytin qayratkermen almastyru oilary payda bola bastady. Búl uaqytta Chehos­lovakiyadan jasyryn týrde kelip, 1978 jyldyng tamyzynan bastap KSRO-da jer audarylushy qúqynda ómir sýrip jatqan, “Parcham” fraksiyasynyng kósemi Babrak Karmali Mәskeude jýrdi. Sóitip, ol sarapshy­lardyng bergen baghasy boyynsha, H. Amiyn­ning kózin qúrtatyn kýreske jetek­shi bolu úsynyldy. Babrak Karmali oghan kelisim berip, tez arada KSRO Mem­lekettik Qauipsizdik Komiytetining baqylauyna alyndy.
Búl uaqytta “músylmandyq” batali­ondy dayyndap bolghan polkovnik V.V. Kolesnik Mәskeuge shaqyrylyp, ózining kýndelikti mindetin atqarugha kiristi. Al batalionnyng jeke qúramasy 10-12 qarashada Tashkent jәne Shyrshyq әuejayynan úshyrylyp Aughanstandaghy Bagram aviabazasyna týsirildi. Músyl­mandyq bataliondaghy barlyq ofiyserler men soldattargha aughandyq әskery kiyim­der kiygizildi jәne jergilikti әskery qyz­metshilerden olardyng aiyrmashylyghy az edi. Bir ay ishinde airyqsha maqsat­taghy batalion Aughanstangha kelgen song ózderi týsirilgen әuejayda jauyngerlik jәne arnayy dayyndyqpen ainalysyp, Aughanstan astanasy Kabulgha jyljugha dayyndaldy.   
Tek 1979 jyldyng 10 qazany kýni N.M.Tarakiyding qazasy turaly habar resmy týrde taratyldy. Osy kýnge deyin eki kýn búryn H.Aminning búiryghy boyynsha, N.M.Tarakiyding buyndyrylyp óltirilgenine qaramay, ony jýrek talmasynan qaza tapty dep jariyalady.
Memlekettik tónkeris jasalynyp, H.Amin ókimet basyna kelgen son, elde qatang reng alghan oqighalar oryn ala bastady. Ol, eng aldymen, ózine qarsy sóz aitqan nemese sәl de bolsa qarsylyq kórsetken, ózining pikirimen kelispe­genderdi qúrta bastady. Sonymen qatar, partiyada joghary bedelge iye, bolashaqta ózine iyqtas bolady-au degenderding kózin joydy. H.Amin óltirilgenderding jarym-jartylay tizimin jariyalady. Onda 12 myng adamnyng aty-jóni berilgen. Alayda, keybir mәlimetterge qaraghanda Sәuir tónkerisinen keyingi alghashqy 18 aida, 1979 jyldyng kýzine qaray óltirilgenderding sany 50 myng adam, tipti odan da asyp týsken edi.
1979 jyly 8 jeltoqsanda KOKP Bas hatshysy L.IY.Brejnev kabiynetinde mәjilis bolyp, oghan KOKP OK Sayasy Burosynyng shaghyn toby: Yu.Andropov, A.Gromyko, M.Suslov jәne D.Ustinov qatysty. Olar Aughanstan tóniregindegi qalyptasqan jaghdaylardy talday kelip, eki variantpen júmys isteudi sheshti; Memlekettik Qauipsizdik Komiytetining (MQK) arnayy qyzmetkerlerining qatysuymen janadan ýkimet basyna kelgen Aughanstan basshysy H.Aminning kózin joyyp, onyng ornyna Babrak Karmalidy qong; búl maqsatty oryndau ýshin Aughanstan territoriyasyna әskerding keybir qúramalaryn jiberu mәselesi qaraldy.
1979 jyldyng 10 jeltoqsanynda KSRO Qorghanys Ministri (QM) D.F.Ustinov Bas shtabtyng bastyghy N.V.Ogarkovty ózine shaqyryp alyp, oghan Sayasy Buro Aughanstangha kenes әskerlerin uaqytsha engizu ýshin aldyn-ala sheshim qabyldaghanyn aityp, shamamen 75-80 myng adamdy dayyndau tapsyrmasyn berdi. N.V.Ogarkov búl tapsyrmagha tandana otyryp, 75 myng adam ondaghy jaghdaydy túraqtandyra almaytynyn, búl, aqylgha syimaytyn is ekenin jәne әskerdi engizuge qarsy ekenin aitty. Ministr ony tez toqtatyp: “Siz ne, Sayasy Burony oqytpaqshysyz ba? Sizge tek búiryqty oryndau tapsyrylady” – dedi.
Osy kýni KSRO QM-ning Bas shtab bastyghy N.V.Ogarkov tez L.IY.Brej­nevting kabiynetine shaqyryldy. Onda “shaghyn Sayasy Buro” dep atalatyndar jinaldy (i.Andropov, A.Gromyko jәne D.Ustinov). Bas shtabtyng bastyghy aughandyq mәseleni kýsh qoldanu arqyly emes, sayasy jolmen sheshu kerek eken­digin qatysyp otyrghandargha qayta týsin­dirip baghugha tyrysty. Sayasy Buronyng búl kezdegi sheshimi N.V.Ogarkovtyng ghana emes, onyng birinshi orynbasary S.F. Ahromeevting de jәne Bas operativti basqarma bastyghy V.IY.Varennikovting de kenes әskerlerin Aughanstangha engizu jónindegi yntasyn tudyrmady. Olar múnday jolgha qadam jasaugha tek sayasy kózqaraspen ghana qarap qoymay, tereng oilana qarady. Vetnamdaghy AQSh intervensiyasy mysalgha alyndy. Biraq Kremli kósemderi әskery maman kadr­lardyng uәjderin qúlaqtaryna da ilmedi.
Songhy sayasy sheshim jeltoqsannyng 12-i kýni týs aua shaghyn ghana kenes basshylarynyng tobymen sheshildi. Onda: Brejnev, Suslov, Andropov, Ustinov jәne Gromyko boldy. Kosyginning keybir estelik jazbalaryna kóz tastasaq, ol bolmaghanyn, búl uaqytta syrqat­tanyp jatqanyn jazypty. Osylaysha jaghday KOKP OK Sayasy Burosynyng tolyq mýshelerinsiz-aq sheshildi. Sonynan Sayasy Buronyng jazba týrinde qaulysy shyqty, oghan Sayasy Buro mýsheleri tolyq óz qoldaryn qoydy.
16 jeltoqsanda 40-shy armiyanyng qolbasshylyghyna general-leytenant Yu.V.Tuharinovty taghayyndau búiy­ryldy. 40-shy armiyanyng dalalyq basqarmasyn tolyq jauyngerlik әreketke keltirip, Týrkistan әskery okruginen atqyshtar jәne tankishiler polkyn, taghy bir diviziyany tolyq soghys qimylyna dayyndau tapsyryldy. Barlyghy 100-ge juyq birlestikter úrysqa baghyttaldy. Áskerlerdi jasaqtau ýshin rezervten 50 mynnan asa ofiyserler, serjanttar men soldattar shaqyryldy. Auyl sharuashy­lyghynan 8 myngha juyq avtomobilider men basqa tehnikalar bólindi.
24 jeltoqsan kýni birinshi jazbasha qújat payda boldy. Oghan KSRO Qorghanys ministri D.F.Ustinov pen Bas shtab bastyghy N.V.Ogarkovtyng qoly qoyyldy. Qújatta qabyldanyp jatqan sheshimning qysqasha týsiniktemesi berildi. Onda: “Ortalyq Shyghystaghy әskeriy-sayasy jaghdaygha baylanysty Aughanstan ýkimetining songhy ótinishi dúrys dep tanyldy. Kenes әskerlerining keybir bólimderin engizu, olardy elding ontýstigine ornalastyru, Aughanstan Demokratiyalyq Respubliy­kasyna, dostyq niyettegi Aughanstan halqyna internasionaldyq kómek kór­setu maqsatynda, sonymen qatar, keybir memleketter tarapynan antiaughandyq aksiyalardy joya otyryp, olargha qayyrymdy jaghday jasau ýshin sheshim qabyldandy”, – dep aityldy.
1979 jylghy 25 jeltoqsanda Mәskeu uaqyty boyynsha saghat 15.00-de KSRO Qorghanys ministrining bergen búiry­ghymen Aughanstangha kenes әskerlerin engizu bastaldy. Komandirler: “Búl qysqa merzimdik aksiya, tapsyrmany oryndaymyz da ketemiz”, dedi. Al biraq “aksiya” toghyz jyldan astam uaqytqa sozyldy.

Avtory: Bolat SAYLAN, Qazaq memlekettik qyzdar pedagogika uniyversiytetindegi “Qazaqstan tarihy” kafedrasynyng dosenti, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, aughan soghysynyng ardageri.