Islam dini - adamzat tarihy men órkeniyetine airyqsha ýles qosqan qúdiretti dinderding biri. Búl dinning qanaty jayylghan jerlerinde әrdayym ghylym men bilim damyp, adamzat adamgarshilik pen parasattyng shynyn tu etken, qúlazyghan dalany susyndatyp, býkil tirshilik iyesine mәn bergen.

Biz ózindik dili, tamyry tereng qúndylyqtargha sýiener quat alar mol ruhany múrasy bar halyqpyz. Alayda, songhy kezderge deyin «qazaqtar kóshpeli boldy, jazu-syzuy damymady, olardyng arasynda músylmandyq jaqsy taramaghan, patshalyq Resey kezinde «Búratana halyqtardyng tarihy ejelgi mәdeniyeti joq» delinse, Kenes dәuirinde «olardyng kózin Qazan tónkerisi ashty» degen jalghan pikir, jalghan iydeyalogiya ýstemdik aldy. Búny qaysybir top bilimsizdiginen aityp, kaytalay berse, basqa bir top iydeyalogiyalyq maqsattarmen әdeyi sanaly týrde yaghni, shyn mәnisinde tarihta olay bolmaghanyn jaqsy bile túra qúptap otyrdy. Sóitip halyqtyng sanasyn osy sarynda baghyttap tәrbiyeledi. Áytse de, bizding әdebiyetimiz ben mәdeniyetimizding tarihy terende jatyr. Ol ghana emes әdep-ghúrpymyz ben minez-qúlqymyz ómir saltymyz, tәrbiyemiz, mentaliytetimiz de Qazan tónkerisi әkelgen jasandy arzan qúndylyqtargha emes Islam mәdeniyeti negizinde qalyptasqan. Olay bolsa Islam biz ýshin tek din ghana emes, ruhany múramyzdyng qaynar kózi.

Islam dini - adamzat tarihy men órkeniyetine airyqsha ýles qosqan qúdiretti dinderding biri. Búl dinning qanaty jayylghan jerlerinde әrdayym ghylym men bilim damyp, adamzat adamgarshilik pen parasattyng shynyn tu etken, qúlazyghan dalany susyndatyp, býkil tirshilik iyesine mәn bergen.

Biz ózindik dili, tamyry tereng qúndylyqtargha sýiener quat alar mol ruhany múrasy bar halyqpyz. Alayda, songhy kezderge deyin «qazaqtar kóshpeli boldy, jazu-syzuy damymady, olardyng arasynda músylmandyq jaqsy taramaghan, patshalyq Resey kezinde «Búratana halyqtardyng tarihy ejelgi mәdeniyeti joq» delinse, Kenes dәuirinde «olardyng kózin Qazan tónkerisi ashty» degen jalghan pikir, jalghan iydeyalogiya ýstemdik aldy. Búny qaysybir top bilimsizdiginen aityp, kaytalay berse, basqa bir top iydeyalogiyalyq maqsattarmen әdeyi sanaly týrde yaghni, shyn mәnisinde tarihta olay bolmaghanyn jaqsy bile túra qúptap otyrdy. Sóitip halyqtyng sanasyn osy sarynda baghyttap tәrbiyeledi. Áytse de, bizding әdebiyetimiz ben mәdeniyetimizding tarihy terende jatyr. Ol ghana emes әdep-ghúrpymyz ben minez-qúlqymyz ómir saltymyz, tәrbiyemiz, mentaliytetimiz de Qazan tónkerisi әkelgen jasandy arzan qúndylyqtargha emes Islam mәdeniyeti negizinde qalyptasqan. Olay bolsa Islam biz ýshin tek din ghana emes, ruhany múramyzdyng qaynar kózi.

Tariyhqa ýnilsek, músylmandyq orta Aziyagha, onyng ishinde Qazaq eline bizding dәuirimizding VIII ghasyrynda bastau alyp, X-XII ghasyrlarda sharyqtau kezinen ótken. 751 jyly Talas boyynda Qaraqytaylar men músylmandar arasyndaghy sheshushi shayqasta músylmandardyng jenisimen ayaqtaldy. Ekinshi diniy-mәdeny órleu Altyn Orda kezinde Qazaqstannyng dalalyq aimaqtarynda tolyq jәne birjolata islam ýstemdik qúryp, osy negizder saqtalghandyqtan qazaq handyghy tolyqqandy músylman memleketi retinde damydy.

XVI-XVIII ghasyrlarda qazaq qoghamy qaymaghy búzylmaghan dәstýr retinde, әlemdik tarihtan ózindik ornymen kórine bildi. Islam dini qazaq qoghamynyn, mәdeniyetinin, iydeyalyq qúqyqtyq, sayasy jәne ruhany adamgershilik negizi boldy. Halyqtyng salt- dәstýrin alsaq, qaysysynda bolsyn din islamnyng basymdylyghy anyq kórinedi. Jana tughan nәrestening qúlaghyna azan shaqyryp at qong, sýndetke otyrghyzu, neke qii, ólim-jitimge, halyq medisinasyna baylanysty týsinikter men әdet-ghúryptar barlyghy sharighat negizinde jýzege asqan. IYclam dini tek aqsýiekter men biyleushi toptyng dini emes, halyqtyq sipat alghan jalpy últqa tәn din (mentaliytetnaya religiya) bolyp ornyqty. Auyz әdebiyeti ýlgilerine toqtalsaq, olar halyqtyng músylman dinine degen zor qúrmeti men sýiispenshiligin kórsetedi. Orta ghasyrdan bertinge deyin, әsirese, shyghysta XX ghasyrgha deyin diny qúndylyqtardyng qoghamdyq sanagha yqpaly óte kýshti bolyp, jetekshilik manyzy aiqyn saqtalyp otyrdy. «Islam qazaq etnosynyng újymdyq belgilerining ajyramas bóligine ainaluy óz aldynda, sol újymdyq birlikti nyghayta týsetin faktor bolghanyn, qazaq sanasynda etnikalyq jәne diny ústanymdar bite qaynasyp, baylanysqan» - degen oidy A. Súltanghaliyeva óz enbeginde algha tartady [1]. Ata dәstýrimizding islamdyq negizin saralap, óz shygharmalarynda shariat jolyn, adaldyqtyn, adamgershiliktin, imandylyqtyng aq tuyn arqau etip, diny dәstýrding islamdyq negizin nasihattaushy ghúlamalargha toqtalsaq, orta ghasyrda qazaq topyraghynda tuyp, ghúmyr keshken әri shyghamalaryn jergilikti halyqtyng tilinde jazyp olardyng ruhany ómirine janasha betbúrys jasaghan músylman oishyldary Jýsip Balasaghún, Ahmet Iguneky jәne Ahmet Iassauiydi aitugha bolady.

Jýsip Balasaghúnnyng «Qútty biligi» atyna say eki dýniyede de qútty paydaly bolu ýshin tura joldy kórsetu maqsatymen jazylghan shygharma. Búl tura jol - Qúran kәrim jәne sýnnet joly. Aqyn osy eki qaynar búlaqty týrki tilinde jetkizbek bolghan. «Peyil búrdym endi onyng jolyna», - dep Allah elshisining joly adamdardy baqyt pen shattyqqa jeteleytin jol ekenin núsqap, Payghambarymyzdyng hadisteri men sýnnetin ústanudy uaghyzdaghan. Úly oishyl shygharmasynda arqau etken hadister halyq sanasy men kókireginde qúiylyp, ata-babalar ómirining danghyl jolynda dәstýr retinde ústanuyn angharu ýshin «Qútty bilikten » ýzindiler keltirsek;

1. Músylmangha músylman bir tuysqan.

Tuysqanmen júlyspay, jón úghysqan» [2]

Hadiys: «Músylman - músylmannyng bauyry, oghan zúlymdyq jasamaydy, ony qaterge tastamaydy»

2. Alystasa senen tuys- qaryndas,

Ey, bauyrym, olargha ózing jaqyndas.

Eger kýshti kýsh kórsetip qinasa-

Keshir ony, dinning jolyn syilasan» [3]

Hadiys: «Senen alsytaghandargha sen jaqynda, saghan bermegenderge sen ber, saghan zúlymdyq jasaghandardy keshir»

Aqyn osylaysha halyqty islamnyng izgi núrymen sәulelendirip, әri hadisterdi qoldanu barysynda «Haziret Payghambar bylay degen edi» dep jatpay, tikeley óleng shumaqtarynyng arasyna engizip jiberu sol kezendegi ata-babamyzdyng búl hadisterden habardar ekenin bayqatsa, Ahmet Igunekiyding «Aqiqat syiynda» adam sabyrmen qiyndyqtargha tózip, әdiletti tu etip, adal enbegimen kýn kórip, basqany orynsyz tildemey, ainalasyndaghylarmen tatu-tәtti kýn keshudi, myna jalghan fәniyde dýniyening qúly emes, Jaratushynyng qúly boludy nasihattaydy.

Qazaq halqynyng jýreginde payghambargha degen sýiispenshilikting taraluyna atsalysqan ghúlamalardyng biri - Ahmet Iassauy babamyz. «Diuany hikmettinde»:

«On segiz myng ghalamgha danqy shyqqan Múhammed,

Otyz myng sahabagha basshy bolghan Múhammed.

Jalanashtar men ashtargha qanaghat bolghan Múhammed,

Kemtarlyq kórgen ýmbetke shapaghat bolghan Múhammed.

Týnde jatyp kóz ilmey, tileytúghyn Múhammed,

Gharip penen jetimge qúrmet qylghan Múhammed.

Joldan azghan kýnәhargha qamqor bolghan Múhammed,

Kýni týsse әrkimge pana bolghan Múhammed, - dep Payghambarymyzdyng әrtýrli sipattaryn atay otyryp, halyqtyng jete tanuyna jol asha bildi.

Ahmet Yassauy shygharmasynda jalpy halyqty Payghambarymyzdyng tura da, haq jolyna bastap, soghan shaqyrady:

«Ýmbet bolsan, Mústapagha erer bolghyl,

Aytqandaryn jan-tәninmen sen de alghyl ....

Sýnnetterin bekem tútyp, ýmbet bolghyl,

Kýndiz -týni madaq aityp, úlpat bol» [9]

Jogharyda aitylghan ýsh ghúlamanyng enbekterin zerdelegende qazaq dalasynda qazaq úlysyn qúrghan taypalargha olardyng kóp әser etkenin aitugha bolady. Kez kelgen adam qoghamdaghy qúbylystar men salt-dәstýrge, mәdeniyetke tәueldi bolghandyqtan, búl ýsh shygharma olardyng ómir sýrgen ortasyn surettep, sol kezende qazaq dalasynda islam dinining jәne halyqtyng diny hal ahualynyng qanday dengeyde bolghandyghynan syr shertedi.

XV ghasyrda Qazaq handyghy qúrylghan kezende oghan kirgen halyqtyng bәri músylman edi. Áytse de, monghol shapqynshylyghy túsynda aimaqta islam dinining yqpaly azayghanymen de, halqymyz han-súltandarmen birge ózderin músylman sanap, Qúran oqyp, qajylyqqa baryp, balalaryn medresege berip, orazalaryn tútyp, nekesiz ýilenbegen.[10]

Eldi basqaryp, tudy kóterer handarymyz ruhany faktor, dinge erekshe den qoyghan. Mәselen, Qasym hannyng jeke basynyng dindarlyghy, Búhara sheyhy Abu Bakr Saadtyng mýriydi bolghany, Tәuekel, Esim handardyng naqshbandy sofylarymen odaq qúrghany, Abylay, Ábilhayyr handardyng túsynda, yaghni, XVIII ghasyrda islam iydeyalary biyleushi sayasy elita ýshin airyqsha kýshke ainaldy. Orys derekterinde Abylaydyng jasyl tuy turaly, Qytaydyng mәdeniy-diny yqpalynan saqtanu ýshin, músylmandyqty berik ústanyp, dәstýrding altyn dingegi retinde qabyldaudy halqyna mindet etkeni jayynda naqty derekter saqtalghan.

Din men mәdeniyet sintezi sharighatty әdebiyetpen, poeziyamen, muzykamen úshtastyryp nasihattaudyng jarqyn kórinisin pash etedi.

Últtyng túghyryn kóterip, danqyn asqaqtatar rúhani, mәdeny dәstýrding ókilderi aqyn-jyraular, sazgerler men sal-serilerding diny sauaty joghary bolghan. Olar Qúrandy, arab, parsy tilderin, músylman klassikalyq «Kitabi» әdebiyetti jaqsy bilip, sharighat zandaryn ústanyp, arasynda «qajy ataghyna» ie bolghandary da kezdesetin. Tipti, keyinnen aqyn-jyraularymyzdyng ólen-jyrlaryn alghash halyq arasynan jinaghan orys missionerlerining ólen-jyrdaghy diny motivterding kóptigi tang qaldyrghan.[11]

Auylgha kelgen din ókilderin, aqynda men sheshenderdi ata-babamyz zor qúrmetpen qarsy alyp, olardyng diny saryndaghy qissalaryn, sharighat sózderin, ónege alatyn mysaldary men hikayalaryn zor qyzyghushylyqpen tipti kózderine jas alyp, eljirey tyndaydy. Diny qissalardyng qazaq halqynyng dýniyetanymyn qalyptastyrudaghy manyzdy ról atqarghanyn Sh. Uәlihanov pen V. Radlov «Júm-júma» atty qissany jazyp alyp, osy qissanyng qazaqtardy dindar etuge yqpalyn sózben aityp jetkizu qiyn ekenin aitady. [12] Halqymyzdyng túrmys-tirshiligimen, ómir saltynda, qúran oqu, ony qasterleu erekshe mәnge ie bolghan. Dastarhan basynda, toy jiyndarda syily qariyalar men dindar kósemder mindetti týrde Qúran oqyp, bata bergen. Qazaqtyng bata sózi arabtyng «fatiha» degen sózinen, yaghny qúrannyng birinshi jәne eng qasiyetti sýresining atauynan shyqqan.

Halqymyzdyng dinge degen zor yqylasynyng jogharylyghy sonshalyqty, islam dinining bes paryzdarynyng biri bolyp tabylatyn Qajylyq mәselesinde shama-sharqynsha qiyndyqtaryna qaramastan, qajymas qayratpen atqarugha tyrysty. Joldyng qiyndyghy sonshalyqty keybirleri maqsattaryna jete almay sheyt bolghandary qanshama. Orta ghasyrda, Jana dәuirde Deshti Qypshaqta, Syrdariya ónirining Manghystaudan Mekkege qasiyetti boryshyn óteuge attanyp, Payghambarymyzdyng izi qalghan jerdi kóruge yntyq bolghan qazaqtar kóp kezdesedi. Aghylshyn sayahattshysy Djenkinson ózimen birge keruende Deshti Qypshaqtan «qassaq, dinderi músylman» birneshe adam Mekkege qajylyqqa bara jatqanyn aitady. Erte kezenderde qajylyqqa baru Orta Aziya túrghyndary ýshin naghyz erlik bolyp sanaldy. A. Vambery bertinge deyingi jaghdaydy sóz etkende ýshten biri tiri kelmeytindigin jazady.

Qoryta kelsek, halqymyz islamnyng nәrimen susyndalyp, dәstýrining dәnegi men tirshilikting tiregine arqau etken qazaqtardy islamnan ajyratyp, «jabayy kóshpendi» etip kórsetu, belgili bir iydeologiyalyq maqsattyng saryny, halqymyzdyng kózi ashyq, kókregi oyau ekendigining dәleli sol ejelgi dәuirding ózinde órkeniyetten qalys qalmay, Týrkiya, ejelgi Iran, Ýndistan elderimen sayasy diplomatiyalyq qarym-qatynasta bola otyryp, bilim-ghylym izdegen qajylyq mindetterin atqara jýrip, qazaqtar Bombeyde, Ystanbúlda, Kairde, keyinirek Europanyng kalalarynda bolyp, shetel mәdeniyeti, tarihy eskertkishteri, múrajaylarymen, kitaphanalarynda bolghandyghyn dәleldeytin faktiler jetkilikti. Mysaly; Shәkerim qajy Ystambúl jәne basqa qalalardyng kitaphanalarynda tarihy әdebiyetpen tanysyp, óz enbegine arqau etkeni bilimin jetildirip qaytqany tarihy shyndyq.

Paydalanylghan әdebiyetter:

1. Sultangaliyeva A. Islam v Kazahstane: istoriya,etnichnosti y obshestvo. Almaty, 1998.

2. Qútty bilik, 500-b

3. Qútty bilik, 333-bet

9. Hikmet, 401-b

10. D. Moldobaeva, Kazaklaryn Zuhuru ve kazak hanlyghynyn kurlushu, (mag.diys-ya), 52-b Ankara, 2000

11. S.Malov, Bayrash kitaby, O tatrah evreyah y drugih inorodsah v Rossiskoy imperiy. 17- b Kazan 1999 j

12. Radlov V.V. obrazsy narodnoy liyteratury turkskih plnmen. 21-b., 1870.

Avtor L.N.Gumiylev atyndaghy Euraziya últtyq uniyversiytetining filosofiya kafedrasynyng Dintanu mamandyghy boyynsha izdenushisi

«Aqiqat» jurnaly