Atyraudan shyqqan alashordashy azamattardyng ómirderegin izdestirip jýrgende, arhivtik qújattarda jii kezdesken esim – S.Qaratileuov esimi.

Alash tarihyna qatysty taghdyry kýrdeli, ómiri men qyzmetin últynyng bolashaghy jolynda qasiyetti qyzmetke baghyttaghan túlghalardyng biri – Sәlimgerey  Alpanúly Qaratileuov.

S.Qaratileuov 1887 jyly Oral oblysy, Guriev uezinde sharua otbasynda dýniyege kelgen (Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydenti Arhiyvi (QR PA), 141-qor, 1-tizbe, 11531-is). Keybir auyzsha derekterge qaraghanda Inder audanynyng Eltay auylynda tughan. Tegi – Bayúlyna jatatyn Álim ruynyng biri shektining shýren taypasynyng jarty bóliminen. Ata tegine toqtalsaq Shynybekten Bәpil, Bertileu, Qaratileu, Jantileu, Qorytpa. Qaratileuden  Alpan. Alpannan – Sәlimgerey. Sәlimgereyden – Álihan, Sara. Eng kishisi Qorytpadan bala bolmaghan son, aghasy Qaratileu balasyn bergen eken. Sol baladan, yaghny Kóshәliden Ýmbetәli, Ýmbetiyar, Ahmediyar dýniyege kelgen. Ahmediyardan Qyrghi, Alghi, Qarshygha tughan. Al Qarshygha Ahmediyarov – QR halyq artiysi, Memleket syilyqtyng lauraety, «Parasat» ordenining iyegeri, professor.

Qaratileuding eng ýlken aghasy Bәpilding balasy Áshen, onyng balasy Mendigerey de sheber kýishiler bolghan, birneshe kýileri bar (Saharbaeva K. Atyrau әn-kýy múhity – Almaty: Dayk-Press, 2001. -784 b.). Mendigerey óz ónerin Oralda alashtyqtar jinalatyn Sәlimgerey aghasynyng ýiinde de kórsetken eken.

Qazaqtyng túnghysh últtyq-demokratiyalyq Alash partiyasynyn, Kýnbatys Alashordanyng belsendi mýshesi. Resey imperiyasynyng joghary oqu orynynda oqyghan arnauly bilimdi alghashqy da sanauly qazaq agronomdarynyng biri. Qazan tónkerisine deyin Saratov qalasy manyndaghy Mariynsk auylsharuashylyq mektebin bitirip, Saratov auylsharuashylyq institutynda oqydy.

Patshaly Reseydegi aqpan aiyndaghy tónkeris býkil imperiya aimaghyn dýr silkindirip, óz qolastyndaghy últtardyng sana sezimine tyng serpilis berdi. Osy tústa qazaq últynyng aldynghy qatarly oqyghan ziyalylary, Alash partiyasy ókilderining basty ústanghan iydeyasy qazaq elining tәuelsizdigi bolatyn. Osylardyng aldynghy sapynda bolghan Sәlimgerey oquyn ayaqtamastan Oral qalasyna kelip, sayasy qyzmetke belsene aralasa bastady. Uaqytsha oblystyq Qazaq komiytetin qúrugha atsalysty. 1917 jyly sәuirde ótken Oral oblystyq qazaq sezinde Oral oblystyq Qazaq komiytetine mýshe bolyp saylandy. Komiytet 20 adamnan túrdy. Olardyng arasynda H.Dosmúhamedov, Gh.Álibekov, K.Jәlenov, J.Dosmúhamedov, Gh.Esenghúlov t.b. boldy.

Isker, alghyrlyghymen kózge týsedi, el aldynda bedelge ie bolghan ol qazaq auyldary men kazak stanisalary arasyndaghy  shiyelinisti jer mәselesin sheshu maqsatynda qúrylghan Jer odaghy komiytetining mýshesi boldy (QR PA, 141-qor, 1-tizbe, 8068-is). Qazaq qoghamynda ótkir túrghan jer mәselesin Qúryltay jinalysy arqyly sheshudi qoldady.

1917 jyly 21-26 shilde aralyghynda Orynborda ótken I Jalpyqazaq sezinde Oral oblysy men Manghyshylaq uezinen Qúryltay jinalysy deputattyghyna kandidat bolyp tirkeldi. Kandidatqa H.Dosmúhamedov, J.Dosmúhamedov, N.Ipmaghambetov, Gh.Álibekov, Gh.Berdiyev, O.Esenghúlov siyaqty belgili túlghalarmen birge úsynyluy da biraz jәidi anghartsa kerek-ti. Sol jyly Qaratóbede ótken II Qazaq Oral oblystyq sezinde salyq mәselesine oray tughan pikirtalas últ ziyalylaryn ekige bólgen kezde H.Dosmúhamedovke narazy top qúramynda boldy. Biraq kózqarasy boyynsha zemstvo qyzmeti men Alashorda sayasatynyng negizgi baghytynan ainyghan joq. 1918 jyly nauryzda atalghan top mýsheleri N.Ipmaghambetov, A.Kenjinmen birge Temir qalasyna kelip, uezdik atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy bolyp saylandy. Ókinishke oray, jazda Temir uezdik atqaru komiytetindegi bolishevikterge niyettes toptyng kýsh saluymen zemstvo sayasatyn jýrgizgeni ýshin uezdik atkom tóraghalyghynan bosatyldy. Atalghan qyzmette jýrgen kezdegi keybir derekterge qaraghanda Týrkistannan kele jatqan Mústafa Shoqaydy Júryn, Temir arqyly Jympitygha ótkizu isin úiymdastyrghan.

Bolishevikter sayasy arenada kýsh alyp, zemstvo qayratkerlerin qamaugha ala bastaghan tústa jerlesi A.Kenjinmen birge Alashordanyng Torghay bólimshesine keldi. Búl jerde de sayasy qyzmetke belsene aralasty, A.Kenjiyn, Á. Jýndibaevtarmen birge Alashordanyng Torghay bólimshesi әskerine elden adam jinau komissiyasy qúramynda júmys istedi. Azamattyq teketires jyldarynda 4-Torghay Alash polki qúramynda otryad basqaryp, Qostanay, Torghay dalasyndaghy bolishevikterge qarsy úrys qimyldaryna qatysty.

Amangeldining ýzengiles serikteri A.Núrmanov pen S.Bayseyitovtardyng esteligi boyynsha  sol alasapyran jyldary Alashordanyng dalalyq әskery sotynyng mýsheleri M.Dulatov, K.Toqtabaev, O.Almasov, M.Esbolov, Q.Seydaliyn, A.Kenjiyn, S.Qaratileuov, A.Qasymov, Sh.Qúljanov, Gh.Birimjanovtyng tarapynan Kenes ókimetin jaqtaushylar Á.Tokiyn, O.Tynymov, D.Búzaubaqov, M.Baymaghambetov, M.Súmaghúlov, Sh.Ábdirahmanov, M.Narymbaev, S.Narymbaev, Á.Bektesov, A.Jarqymbaev, B.Bekjanov, J.Bekjanov, A.Bekjanov, Nikitiyn, Kulkovty ólim jazasyna kesedi. Joghary da atalghandardyng jazuynsha qypshaqtar men arghyndar arasyndaghy rushyldyq derti asqynyp túrghan tústa «alashshyl» arghyndar tarapynan 48 adamdyq otryadty basqaryp S.Qaratileuov pen Jamal(últy týrik) qalyng qypshaq ruy qonystanghan aimaqtan «bolisheviyk» qypshaqtardy jazalaugha attanady (QR PA, 811-qor, 6-811-tizbe, 99-is).  Al Baqytjan Qarataevtyng jazuynsha  Qypshaq bolysyna V.Kafka men S.Qaratileuovtyng basqaruymen  50 adamdyq otryad Kenes ókimetin jaqtaushylardan 500 juyq iri mýiizdi iri qarany aidap ketken (Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ortalyq memlekettik arhiyvining №1227-Kratkiy ocherk istoriy Alash-ordy(B.Qarataevtyng jeke qory).

Azamat soghysynyng qyzyp túrghan shaghynda admiral A.V.Kolchak Shalqar maydanyna polkovnik Mogiylev bastaghan 2000-2500 әsker attandyrady. Mogiylev óz tarapynan Torghaydaghy Alash biyligin nyghaytu maqsatynda 800 adamdyq otryad bóledi. Búl otryady M.Dulatov, S.Qaratileuov Torghaygha bastap keldi (QR PA,  811-qor, 6-811-tizbe, 178-is). 1919 jyly mamyrdyng 17-isinen 18-ine qaraghan týni Amangeldi Imanovtyng óltirilgeni belgili. Batyrdyng qapyl ólimine qatysty S.Qaratileuovti keyingi jyldary Kenes ókimeti tarapynan Torghay oqighalary kezinde A.Imanov pen L.Tarandy óltiruge qatysty degen aiyp taghyldy. 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilis basshylarynyng biri Ábdighapar Janbosynovtyng balasy Rýstem Ábdighaparov pen Sabyr Sarbasovtyng Ólkelik partiya komiytetining hatshysy L.Mirzoyangha 1936 jyly 4 qyrkýiekte jazghan hatynda aryz iyeleri: «Batyr Amangeldini Ábdighapar emes, Dulatov, Qaratileuov, Toqtybaev, Qarpyqov jәne basqalar óltirgenin»,- dep jazady (QR PA, 891-qor, 6-811 tizbe, 166-is). Biraq S.Qaratileuovting búl oqighagha qatysqany jónindegi naqty derek joq.

Ol Oral gubkomynyng 1920 jylghy aqpandaghy sheshimimen Oiylgha jiberildi. Oiyldaghy qyzmetinde Kenes ýkimeti tarapynan taratylghan Batys Alashordanyng dýniye-mýlkin, qújattaryn qabyldap alu, Oiyl, Qyzylqogha ónirin kenestendiru isimen ainalysty. Oiyl uezine Qazaq әskery revolusiyalyq komiytetining ókili bolyp  kelgen Gh.Álibekovke jergilikti qazaq auyldarymen arada baylanys ornatuda kómegin tiygizedi. 1920 jyldyng nauryz aiynda Gh.Álibekov Týrkistan maydany Revolusiyalyq әskery komiytetining uәkiletti ókili V.IY.Lejava-Muratqa Sәlimgerey Alpanúly  jóninde «Minezi qyzuqandy, biraq eti tiri, tehnikalyq jaghynan dayyndyghy mol» degen minezdeme bere otyryp, Ólkelik komiytette qyzmetke paydalanu jóninde úsynys jasady. 1920 jyly bolishevikter partiyasynyng mýsheligine ótti. Keyingi jyldary últshyl jәne Alashorda qyzmetine qatysqanyn jasyrdy degen aiyppen partiya qatarynan ýsh ret shygharylghany belgili (QR PA, 141-qor, 1-tizbe, 10583-is). Osy jyldyng ayaq sheninde isker azamat Oral guberniyalyq jer basqarmasynyng mengerushiligine taghayyndaldy. 1921-1922 jyldary asharshylyqta guberniyanyng úlan-ghayyr jerinde jappay túqym sebu nauqanyn tabyspen jýzege asyruda qyruar qyzmet atqardy. Dala tabighatynyng klimaty men geografiyalyq jaghdaylaryn tiyimdi paydalana otyryp, auylsharuashylyghyn damytugha óte qolayly ekendigin, kóshpeliler ómirine eleuli oryn alatyndyghyna nazar audarady.  Onyng taghy bir qajyrly enbegining biri – auylsharuashylyq ziyankesterin joi júmystaryna, ziyankesterge qarsy kýresetin guberniyalyq «ýshtiktin» júmysyna belsene qatysuy. 1922 jyly jazda Guriev uezinde ósimdikter jauy shegirtkege qarsy kýres isin úiymdastyryp, uezdegi shabyndyqtardy ziyandy nasekomnan qorghap qaluda ólsheusiz enbek etti. Ol Oral guberniyasy boyynsha agrojýie jasaqtau, uchaskelik agronomiya engizu jóninde bastama kóterip, ony jýzege asyrdy – ónirde agrouchaskeler ashylyp, túqymdyq dәn nesiyege sol uchaskeler arqyly beriluine qol jetkizdi. Búrynghy auylsharuashylyq  uchiliyshesin, auylsharuashylyq tәjiribie stansasyn qalpyna keltirdi (Resey Federasiyasy Memlekettik arhiyvi, R-3260 qor, 1-tizbe,  25-is). 

1922 jyly 16-qazanda RK(b)P Qazaq obkomynyng tóralqasy óz otyrysynda S. Karatileuov pen A.Kenjinning  revolusiyalyq qyzmetin mәsele etip qarap, ekeuining Torghay kezenine deyingi is-әreketi Alashordagha qarsy baghyttalghan, al Torghay kezeninde olar Alashordamen yntymaqtasugha jol bergen dep tanydy. Osy otyrystyng qortyndysy boyynsha S.Qaratileuov qyzmetinde qaldyryldy, al A.Kenjin Halyq aghartu komissary qyzmetinen bosatyldy.

Arhiv qorynda 1922 jylghy 6-jeltoqsanmen belgilengen, S.Qaratileuov pen A.Kenjinning Torghaydaghy is-әreketin tizgen RK(b)P Torghay uezdik komiyteti mýshesining qysqasha jazbasy ghana saqtalghan (QR PA, 718-qor, 1-tizbe, 411-is). Biraq onda Amangeldi qazasy turaly birauyz sóz aitylmaydy.

1924 jyly jazda Qazaq oblystyq partiya komiyteti qaramaghynda ólkelik dengeyde júmys isteuge jiberildi. Sol jylghy jeltoqsannan bastap Jer Halyq Komissariatynda istedi jәne Qazaq ólkelik partiya komiytetine mýshe bolyp saylandy. 1925 jyly nauryzda Ólkelik partiya komiyteti burosynda Qazaqstanda jerge ornalastyrudyng on jyldyq josparyn úsyndy. Búl mәsele respublikanyng qoghamdyq-sayasy ómirinde eleuli oryn alatyn memlekettik dengeydegi is-shara bolatyn. Jazda Qazaqstannyng soltýstik aumaghyn mejeleu komissiyasy qúramyna enip,  Qazaq AKSR-ining astanasy Qyzylordagha kóshirilgen tústa Orynbordaghy kinoqondyrghyny, Ortalyq kitaphanany, jylqy zauyttaryn Qazaq Respublikasyna beru mәselelerimen shúghyldandy. 1927 jyldyng nauryz aiynda Ortalyq Jerge ornalastyru basqarmasynyng tóraghasy qyzmetinen bosatylyp, Ólkelik partiya komiyteti burosynyng sheshimimen Halyq Komissarlar Kenesi qaramaghyna, Memlekettik Josparlau komiyteti Su-maqta sharuashylyghy seksiyasynyng mengerushiligine jiberildi. Memlekttik josparlau komiyteti Tóralqasynyng mýshesi boldy. Alash qayratkerlerin qudalau bastalghan tústa kýshteu organdarynyng «qyraghy kózderinen» S.Qaratileuovte tys qalmady. 1928 jyly nauryzda Ishki Ister Halyq Komissariaty tarapynan qamaugha alyndy. 1930-1937 jyldary aralyghynda Temir auylsharuashylyq tәjiriybe stansasynda, Almaty  oblysyndaghy «Degeres» asyl túqymdy jylqy zauytynda diyrektor qyzmetin atqardy.

Qyzyl terror asqynyp túrghan 1937 jyly Auylsharuashylyq komissariatynyng maqta sharuashylghy bólimining bastyghy Gh.Múrtazinmen «alashordashyl, últshyl» degen aiyppen tútqyndaldy. KSRO Jogharghy  Soty Áskery kollegiyasynyng qaulysymen 1938 jyly 26 aqpanda atu jazasyna kesildi. Osylaysha atyraulyq qayratker Sәlimgerey Qaratileuovtyng ómir joly qayghyly ayaqtaldy.

Alashtanushy ghalym Maqsat Tәji-Múrat 1990 jyldardyng basynda Almatyda túratyn joghary bilimdi qyzy Saramen kezdesip anasy Anna Semenovna men әkesi kindiginen aghasy Álimhan jәne ózining taraghandyghyn, Qazaq poliytehniqa institutyn geolog-barlaushy mamandyghymen bitirgen aghasynyng 1942 jyly Moskva týbindegi shayqastardyng birinde qaza tapqandyghy turaly qúndy derekterdi jazyp alghan. Bir qyzyghy Sara Sәlimgereyqyzy da atalghan institutty geolog mamandyghy boyynsha bitirgen. Ókinishke oray Mәkeng Sara apaydan jazyp alghan estelikter dәpterin keyingi jyldary joghaltyp alghandyghyna ókinish bildirgen bolatyn.

Elbasy N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng «Bolashaqqa baghdar: ruhany janghyru» atty baghdarlamalyq maqalasynda sóz bolghanday, tughan jerding patriottary men sol aimaqtardyng kórnekti tarihy túlghalarynyng eline atqarghan úlan-ghayyr enbekteri turaly tanymdyq-taghylymdyq derekter arqyly tarihy sanamyzdy da, últtyq dinimizdi shynday týsetinimizge senimiz mol.

Aqqaly AHMET, H.Dosmúhamedov atyndaghy Atyrau memlekettik uniyversiytetining professory