Aydos Sarym. Halyq sanaghynyng derekterine taldau. 1-shi maqala
Qazaqstan Respublikasy Statistika agenttigi ózining veb-saytynda 2009 jylghy atyshuly, dauly sanaqtyng qysqasha qorytyndylaryn jariyalady. Osyghan oray bizder sanaqtyng derekterin taldap, óz oilarymyzdy ortagha salghandy jón sanap otyrmyz.
Qazaqstan Respublikasy Statistika agenttigi ózining veb-saytynda 2009 jylghy atyshuly, dauly sanaqtyng qysqasha qorytyndylaryn jariyalady. Osyghan oray bizder sanaqtyng derekterin taldap, óz oilarymyzdy ortagha salghandy jón sanap otyrmyz.
«Qysqasha qorytyndylardy» taldau barysynda «sanaqshylardyn» últ pen memleket ýshin zor manyzy bar nauqannyng tarihy jәne sayasy astarlaryn «úmytyp» ketkeni bayqalady. Mysaly, Qazaqstanda osyghan deyin 9 sanaqtyng (1897, 1926, 1937, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 1999 jyldary) ótkeni belgili. Ótken jylghy últtyq sanaq qazaqtyng jana tarihyndaghy onynshy nauqan bolyp otyr. Osy sanaqtardyng segizin otarshylar ótkizse, ekeui ghana tәuelsizdik jaghdayynda ótkizildi. Osy on sanaqtyng barlyghy da dausyz bolmady. 1926 jylghy sanaq imperiyanyng qúlap, azamat soghysy, ashtyq pen halyqtyng basqa elderge japyryla kóshuinen keyin ótkizilgeni belgili. Ol sanaqtyng nәtiyjelerine sayasat ta, sanaqshylardyng dúrys tәjirbiyesining bolmauy da teris әserin tiygizdi. Ótken on sanaqtyng ekeui - 1937 men 1939 jj. - «úrlanghan» sanaqtar bolyp esepteledi. Ashtyq pen jappay qughyn-sýrginning saldarynan KSRO halqynyng kemigenin kórgen Stalin búl sanaqtardyng «nәtiyjelerin» jariyalaugha tyiym salady. Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystyng alasapyranynda keybir derekter boyynsha qyryq milliongha deyin halqynan airylghan Kenes ýkimeti qorqa-qorqa kelesi sanaqty tek 1959 jyly ótkizdi. Onyng da derekterine mamandardyng aitary kóp. Basqagha qaraghanda «dúrys», «taza» ótti dep 1970, 1979 jәne 1989 jylghy sanaqtardy atay alamyz. Tәuelsizdik kezeninde ótken 1999 jylghy sanaqty orystar «bizding sanymyzdy әdeyi kemitti» dep moyyndamasa, 2009 jylghy nauqandy osy sebepti qazaq kópshiligi moyyndamay otyr.
Soghan baylanysty bolar, bizding sanaqshylar 2009 jyldyng derekterin tek 1959 jyldan keyin ótkizilgen sanaqtardyng derekterimen ghana salystyrudy jón sanapty. Ondaghysy qazaqtar stalinizm qylmystaryna nazar audarmasyn, mәseleni sayasilandyrmayyq degeni bolar...
Halyq sanaqtarynyng derekteri boyynsha Qazaqstan Respublikasy halqynyng sany
adam, payyzben
Halyq sanaghy ótken jyl |
Barlyq halyq |
%-ben |
Qala halqy |
%-ben |
Auyl halqy |
%-ben |
|
1959 |
9303801 |
100 |
4138651 |
44,5 |
5165150 |
55,5 |
|
1970* |
13026274 |
100 |
6636116 |
50,9 |
6390158 |
49,1 |
|
1979* |
14709508 |
100 |
7980457 |
54,3 |
6729051 |
45,7 |
|
1989* |
16232324 |
100 |
9269000 |
57,1 |
6963324 |
42,9 |
|
1999* |
14981281 |
100 |
8455783 |
56,4 |
6525498 |
43,6 |
|
2009* |
16009597 |
100 |
8662432 |
54,1 |
7347165 |
45,9 |
* derekter Bayqonyr qalasyn qosa qayta eseptelgen
Jogharydaghy kstede kórsetilgen derekterdi taldap kórelik. 2009 jylghy sanaq derekterine sensek, el túrghyndarynyng sany 16009597 adamgha jetipti. 1959 jylmen salystyrghanda Qazaqstan halqynyng sany 6705796 adamgha ósken eken. Negizinen búl ósim soghystan keyin qazaqtardyng jantalasqan demografiyalyq dýmpui men kommunizm qúrylystaryna, tyng iygeruge kóptep әkelingen komsomoldar men qylmyskerlerding arqasynda payda boldy. Qazaqstandyqtardyng sany tek KSRO ydyrap, orystildilerding óz otandaryna japyryla kóshui kezinde ghana tómendedi. 1989 jylghy halyq sany 1999 jyly 1251043 adamgha kemigenin kóremiz. Ótken on jylda Qazaqstan halqy 1989 jylghy sandyq dengeyine qayta jetti. Negizinen búl ósim - qazaq halqynyng ósimi bolyp tabylatyny eshkimning dauyn tughyzbas.
Taghy bir manyzdy mәsele - urbanizasiya ýderisteri. 1959 jyldan 1989 jylgha deyin elimizdegi qala túrghyndarynyng sany túraqty týrde úlghayyp kelgen. Kenes ókimeti qúlaghan kezde orystildilerding kóptep kóshui qala men auyl túrghyndarynyng balansyna keri әserin tiygizdi. Qalalarda «bosaghan» oryngha qúldyraghan qazaq auylynyng túrghyndary kele bastady. Qisyngha salsaq, auyldyqtardyng sany kemip, qalalyqtardyng ýlesi úlghangy tiyis bolatyn. Alayda, is jýzinde olay bolmady. Qazaqstandaghy biraz qalalardyng mәrtebesi kent dengeyine deyin tómendedi. Osy sebepti bolar auyl-qala balansy asa ýlken ózgeriske týspedi. 1989 jyly el túrghyndarynyng 57,1 payyzy qalalarda túrsa, býgingi kýni olardyng ýlesi 54,1 payyzgha deyin tómendedi.
Halyq sanynyng ózgerui (ósui +, kemui-)**
adam
Halyq sanaghy ótken jyl |
|||||
1970 |
1979 |
1989 |
1999 |
2009 |
|
Barlyq halyq |
3722473 |
1683234 |
1522816 |
-1251043 |
1028316 |
Qala halqy |
2497465 |
1344341 |
1288543 |
-813217 |
206649 |
Auyl halqy |
1225008 |
338893 |
234273 |
-437826 |
821667 |
** aldynghy sanaq ótken jylgha
Taghy bir nazar audararlyq mәsele - aimaq-aymaqtardaghy demografiyalyq ózgerister. 1999 jyldan beri ótken on jylda Respublika halqy 6,9 payyzgha óskeni anyq. Aymaqtardaghy demografiyalyq ózgerister birdey bolghan jaghdayda oblystardyng barlyghynda halyq sany osy shamada ósui tiyis edi. Alayda, elimizding aimaqtaryndaghy jaghdaydyng birdey emes ekeni haq.
1999-2009 jyldar aralyghynda Qazaqstannyng 7 oblysy, Almaty jәne Astana qalalary túrghyndarynyng sany artqan. Ósim, bayqap otyrsaq, negizinen qazaqtar mekendegen aimaqtardyng arqasynda mýmkin bolyp otyr. Mysaly, osy kezende Aqtóbe oblysy túrghyndarynyng sany 11 payyzgha, Almaty oblysy - 16,1, Atyrau oblysy - 15,9, Jambyl oblysy - 3,4, Qyzylorda oblysy - 8,6, Manghystau oblysy - 54,3, Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy - 24,8, Astana qalasy 86,7 jәne Almaty qalasy 20,8 payyzgha ósken. Búl qatarda airyqsha kózge týsetin aimaq - Manghystau oblysy. Ondaghy demografiyalyq ósim jergilikti halyqtyng demografiyalyq belsendiligi men oralmandardyng kóptep keluimen tikeley baylanysty ekeni týsinikti dýnie bolar.
Ónirlerdegi halyq sany jәne ornalasuy
Barlyq halyq, adam |
|
|||
1999 |
2009 |
v % |
||
Qazaqstan Respublikasy |
14981281 |
16009597 |
106,9 |
|
Aqmola |
827254 |
737495 |
89,1 |
|
Aqtóbe |
682558 |
757768 |
111,0 |
|
Almaty |
1557269 |
1807894 |
116,1 |
|
Atyrau |
440286 |
510377 |
115,9 |
|
Batys Qazaqstan |
616800 |
598880 |
97,1 |
|
Jambyl |
988840 |
1022129 |
103,4 |
|
Karaghandy |
1410218 |
1341700 |
95,1 |
|
Qostanay |
1017108 |
885570 |
87,1 |
|
Qyzylorda |
624991 |
678794 |
108,6 |
|
Manghystau |
314669 |
485392 |
154,3 |
|
Ontýstik Qazaqstan |
1978339 |
2469357 |
124,8 |
|
Pavlodar |
806983 |
742475 |
92,0 |
|
Soltýstik Qazaqstan |
725980 |
596535 |
82,2 |
|
Shyghys Qazaqstan |
1531024 |
1396593 |
91,2 |
|
Astana q.ә. |
328341 |
613006 |
186,7 |
|
Almaty q.ә. |
1130621 |
1365632 |
120,8 |
Dәl osy kezende orystildilerding sany moldau Aqmola oblysy halqynyng sany 10,9 payyzgha, Batys Qazaqstan - 2,9, Qaraghandy oblysy - 4,9, Qostanay oblysy - 12,9, Kereku oblysy - 8, Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysy - 17,8, Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysy - 8,8 payyzgha azayghan. Yaghny býgingi kýnning basty mәselesi - ónirlerding sayasi, әleumettik, ekonomikalyq damuyna halyq sanynyng kemuining keri әserin tiygizbeui bolyp tabylady. Búghan qol jetkizu ýshin adam sany azayghan oblystarda últtyq mýddeden tuyndaytyn demografiyalyq jәne migrasiyalyq sayasat jýrgizu qajet. Oralmandardyng negizgi legi ontýstik aimaqtargha emes, dәl osy soltýstik ónirlerge búryluy abzal.
Ónir-ónirdegi urbanizasiyalyq ýderister de әr-týrli dengeyde damuda. Songhy on jylda aimaqtardaghy qala halqynyng sany tek Aqtóbe, Batys Qazaqstan, Manghystau, Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblystarynda ghana ósken. Qalghan aimaqtarda, kerisinshe, auyl túrghyndarynyng sany artyp otyr eken.
Ónirlerdegi halyq sany jәne ornalasuy
Jalghasy |
||||||
qala halqy |
v % |
auyl halqy |
v % |
|||
1999 |
2009 |
1999 |
2009 |
|||
Qazaqstan Respublikasy |
8455783 |
8662432 |
102,4 |
6525498 |
7347165 |
112,6 |
Aqmola |
380522 |
341915 |
89,9 |
446732 |
395580 |
88,5 |
Aqtóbe |
377603 |
461050 |
122,1 |
304955 |
296718 |
97,3 |
Almaty |
464953 |
416858 |
89,7 |
1092316 |
1391036 |
127,3 |
Atyrau |
242673 |
238936 |
98,5 |
197613 |
271441 |
137,4 |
Batys Qazaqstan |
251670 |
277751 |
110,4 |
365130 |
321129 |
87,9 |
Jambyl |
452023 |
404535 |
89,5 |
536817 |
617594 |
115,0 |
Karaghandy |
1158706 |
1040203 |
89,8 |
251512 |
301497 |
119,9 |
Qostanay |
554112 |
439554 |
79,3 |
462996 |
446016 |
96,3 |
Qyzylorda |
389781 |
284248 |
72,9 |
235210 |
394546 |
167,7 |
Manghystau |
246848 |
263182 |
106,6 |
67821 |
222210 |
327,6 |
Ontýstik Qazaqstan |
793241 |
972072 |
122,5 |
1185098 |
1497285 |
126,3 |
Pavlodar |
511448 |
504579 |
98,7 |
295535 |
237896 |
80,5 |
Soltýstik Qazaqstan |
274744 |
237436 |
86,4 |
451236 |
359099 |
79,6 |
Shyghys Qazaqstan |
898497 |
801475 |
89,2 |
632527 |
595118 |
94,1 |
Astana q.ә. |
328341 |
613006 |
186,7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Almaty q.ә. |
1130621 |
1365632 |
120,8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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