Uahabbizm turaly BAQ betterinde óte kóp aitylyp ta jazylyp ta jýr biraq naqty búl aghymdy zerttegen qazaqsha ghylymy enbekter joqtyng qasy. Ghylymy negizde tújyrymdalmaghan maqalalardyng bolmauy, qúrghaq sózben qarsylyq bildiru búl aghymnyng әreketine tosqauyl qoya almaytyny belgili. Olardyng Qazaqatandaghy opponentteri kóbine osy aghymdaghy adamdardyng aitqan nemese jazghan sózderinen argumentter tauyp qarsy shyghady, biraq búl mәseleni týbegeyli sheshe almaydy. Óitkeni aghymgha qarsy túru ýshin (eger keshigip qalmaghan bolsaq) ony jaqynnan tanuymyz qajet.

Sonymen Uahabbizm qalay ortagha shyqty? maqsaty ne edi? qalay tarady? qoldaushysy kim? tb súraqtardyng jauabyn ghylymy túrghydan naqty derekterge sýiene otyryp shynayy (obektivti) taldap kóreyik.

Uahabbizm turaly BAQ betterinde óte kóp aitylyp ta jazylyp ta jýr biraq naqty búl aghymdy zerttegen qazaqsha ghylymy enbekter joqtyng qasy. Ghylymy negizde tújyrymdalmaghan maqalalardyng bolmauy, qúrghaq sózben qarsylyq bildiru búl aghymnyng әreketine tosqauyl qoya almaytyny belgili. Olardyng Qazaqatandaghy opponentteri kóbine osy aghymdaghy adamdardyng aitqan nemese jazghan sózderinen argumentter tauyp qarsy shyghady, biraq búl mәseleni týbegeyli sheshe almaydy. Óitkeni aghymgha qarsy túru ýshin (eger keshigip qalmaghan bolsaq) ony jaqynnan tanuymyz qajet.

Sonymen Uahabbizm qalay ortagha shyqty? maqsaty ne edi? qalay tarady? qoldaushysy kim? tb súraqtardyng jauabyn ghylymy túrghydan naqty derekterge sýiene otyryp shynayy (obektivti) taldap kóreyik.

Uahabbizm HIII ghasyrda Ortalyq  Arabiyanyng Nedj qalasynda payda bolghan diniy-sayasy aghym.[1] Aghymgha uahabbizm atyny onyng oppozisionerleri berdi jәne әli solar jaghynan qoldanylady, aghym mýsheleri ózderin salafiyler nemese tauhitshiler dep ataydy.[2] Aghymnyng negizin qalaghan Múhammed bin Abduluahab (1703-1792, әr derekte әr týrli jazylady) Diriya qalasynyng әmiri Múhammed bin Saudpen  1744 tanysqanan keyin aghymnyng sayasy mәni artady. Búl tanystyqtyng arqasynda atalghan aimaqta aghym erkin jayylugha, al әmir bolsa aghymdy qoldana otyryp biyligin nyghaytyp, keneytuge mýmkindik alady. 1766 jyly әmir qaytys bolghan song onyng jolyn úly Abdulәziz jalghastyryp aghym arqyly әmirligin keneytuge kýsh saldy. Al Múhammed bin Abduluahab dýniyeden ótkennen keyin aghymnyng sayasy mәni búrynghydan da artyp Saud әuleti uahabbiylik atyny jamylyp HIH ghasyrdyng basynda territoriyasyna qazirgi Saud Arabyasynyng biraz bóligin qosyp aldy.

Aghymnyng búlay ýlken sayasy kýshke ie bolyp Osman imperiyasynan bólinuge úmtyluy súltangha únamady. Súltan II Mahmúttyng búiryghymen Mysyr әmiri Mehmet Ály uahabbiylerge qarsy attanyp olargha qarsy jergilikti arabtardyng kómegin ala otyryp aghymgha ýlken soqqy beredi. Sol uaqytta Saud әuletinin  jetekshisi sanalghan Abdullany tútqyndap Stambulgha jiberedi, ol sol jaqta úldarymen birge 17.12.1819 jyly dargha asylady. Osylaysha aghym auyr soqqy alyp biraz uaqyt sahnadan shyghyp qalady.[3]

Aman qútylghan Saud úrpaqtarynyng biri Týrik biyn  Abdulla aghym júmysyn qayta jandandyryp 1822 jyly Riyatty alady jәne ony ózining sayasy ortalyghy etedi. 1834 jyly әulet ishindegi tartysta qaza tapqan Týrik bin Abdullanyng ornyna balasy Faysal biylikke keledi. Ol Mysyr әmiri Mehmet Áliymen bolghan shayqastardyng birinde1838 jyly qolgha týsip Kairde qapasta ústalady.[4]

1840 jyldary Mehmet Áliyding súltanmen arasy ashylyp Osman imperiyasynan tәuelsizdik alghysy keledi, sóitip Arab týbegindegi әskerlerin Mysyrgha alady. Bes jyl qapasta otyrghan Faysal osy uaqytta qapastan qashyp shyghyp Arab týbegine keledi jәne aghymnyng qoldauymen biylikti qayta alady. Biraq Faysal ólgennen keyin әulet ishinde biylikke talas bastalady, osyny tiyimdi paydalanghan basqa aqsýiekter olardan biylikti tartyp alady, 1891 jyly Riyattan aiyrylghan Faysaldyng balasy Abdurahman Kuveytke baryp bas saughalaydy. Osylaysha Saud әuleti biyligining ekinshi kezeni ayaqtalady.

Abdurahmannyng balasy Abdulәziz ibn Saud biylikti qaytaryp alugha kýsh salady jәne 1902 jyly 15 qantarda Riyatty qayta alady, osylaysha Saud úrpaqtary ýshinshi ret biylikke keldi.[5] Ol Osman imperiyasymen birneshe ret shayqasty jәne sonynda maqsatyna jetip býgingi Saud Arabiyasynyng negizin qalady.

Jalpy Arabtardyng Osman imperiyasyna qarsy kýresin aghylshyndar tiyimdi paydalana bildi. Arabtardyng Osman imperiyasyna qarsy kóteriluine dem bergen osy aghylshyndar boldy deuge bolady. Tomas Edvard Lourens, Djon Filibay siyaqty jansyzdardyng búl  jolda ýlken qyzmet atqarghanyn da atap ótu kerek.

Biylikke kelgennen keyin Saud әuleti uahabbiylik aghymnyng sharttarynyng dúrys oryndaluyn baqylaytyn arnayy komissiyagha baghynatyn polisiya qúrady.[6]

Uahaby aghymyndaghylar Allagha shirk qosu dep kóptegen ghimarattar men mazarlardy talqandaydy. Talqandalghan mazarlardyng arasynda Múhammed payghambardyng jaqyn serikterinin, mýbәrәk әielderining molalary da bar edi (olar músylmandar erekshe dep sanaghan ne islam dinine enbegen singen adamdardyng molasy men olardyng attaryndaghy meshitterdi shirk (Allagha serik qosu) dep qiratudy úzaq uaqyt jalghastyrdy). Búl basqa músylmandardyng ashu-yzasyn tudyrdy.

II Dýnijýzilik soghystan keyin múnay baghasynyng artuy al eng kóp múnay qoryna Saud Arbiyasynyng ie boluy aghymnyng bay kapitalgha ege boluyna jaghday tughyzdy. Saud әuletining orasan kóp qarjy bólui jәne uahaby aghymyndaghy arab baylarynyng tabystarynyng bir bóligin zeket retinde nemese basqa da qayyrymdylyq jolynda aghymgha audaruy arqyly uahabizmning qarjylyq jaghdayynyng basqa islam aghymdarynan artyq boluyna әser etti. Bay qarjylyq resurs olardyng erkin qimyldauyna mýmkindik berdi. Búl uaqytta Saud Arabiyasy tolyghymen uahaby aghymynda sanalghandyqtan olar óz әreketin endi shet elderde jalghastyrdy. Halyqaralyq  arenada búl sayasat «múnay islamy» dep te ataldy.[7]

Jalpy múnay baghasy sharyqtaghan ótken ghasyrdyng jetpisinshi jyldarynan beri Saud Arabiyasy uahabbizm aghymyn  damytugha ondaghan miliard, keybir mәlimetterde bolsa jýz miliardtan astam dollar qarjy bólgen degen mәlimet bar.[8] Múnsha qarjy islam әlemining oqu ortalyghy sanalghan Ál Ázqar uniyversiytetin ózderining aghymdaryn taratushy oqu ortalyghyna ainaldyruyna, sóitip aghymdy taratushy jastardy tәrbiyeleuge mýmkindik berdi. Islam әleminde songhy jyldary jetilgen teologtardyng kópshiligi de osy aghymnyng jer jerlerdegi oqu oryndarynan shyqqandar bolyp tabylady. Jalpy orasan zor qarjynyng arqasynda uahabizm ortalyqtarynda jýzdegen myng sheteldik azamattardyng oqytylghanyn, olardyng óz elderine oralghan song aghymdy uaghyzdaugha belsene kiriskenin eskersek aghymnyng geometriyalyq progrespen tarap otyrghanyn týsinu qiyn emes. Aghymdy taratugha bólinetin qarjy jyl sayyn artyp otyrghanyn da aita ketu kerek. Áriyne múnyng jaqsy әserining de bolghanyn eskeru qajet. Óitkeni bólingen qarjygha meshitter men medreseler kóptep salyndy (olar aghymdy nasihattau ortalyghyna ainalsa da) jәne basqa dindegi adamdardyng islam dinin qabyldauyna ýlken әserin tiygizdi.

Óz iydeologiyandy jandyng eng tiyimdi joly BAQ ekeni belgili. Sondyqtan aghym qay elge kirse de sol elding BAQ n baqylaugha alugha tyrysady. Mysaly Arab memleketteri mediyasynyng (teledidar, merzimdi baspasóz jәne internet) 30% Saud Arabiyasynyng qolynda nemese soghan býiregi búratyn toptyng iyeliginde.[9]

Osynshama qarjylyq resursqa qaramay aghymgha qarsy kýshter de qoldarynan enlgen qarsylyqty jasap jatqany belgili. Qarsylyq bildirushiler negizinen halifat qúrugha qarsy memleketterding arnayy organdary men kózqarastary aiqyry basqa diny aghymdar.

Nazar audaruymyz tiyis nәrse uahaby aghymynyng negizgi qoldaushysy Saud әuleti. Al búl әulet Saud Arabiyasynyng basqarushysy sanalady. Eger uahabbizmning negizgi iydeyalaranyng biri Islam Halifatyn qúru ekendigin eskersek bolashaq halifattyng basshysy kim bolatynyn úghynu qiyn emes. Sondyqtan әulet aghymgha qolynan kelgen barlyq kómekti jasaugha mýddeli. Maqsatyna jetu ýshin múnay  qarjysyn ayap qalmaytyny da belgili. Qazirding ózinde Saud Arabiyasynyng keybir kórshi memleketteri osy aghymnyng qúshaghyna engen.

Múhammed ibn Áduluahabtyng diny iydeologiyasyna qarsy shyqqandardyng arasynda onyng әkesi men bauyry Sýleyman ibn Ábduluahabta bolghan.[10]

[1] http://www.islam.ru/lib/warning/sekty/vahabizm/

[2] Ahmet ÖZALP, VEHHABİLİK NEDİR? (Uahabizm ne?) http://tarihyalansoylemez.blogcu.com/vehhabilik-nedir/4346297

[3] Jogharydaghy silteme.

[4] Mehmet Ali Büyükkara, Suudi Arabistan ve Vehhabilik (Saud Arabiyasy jәne Uahabizm), İstanbul, 2004, s.22.

[5] Büyükkara, a.g.s, s.37

[6] Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Rowan & Littlefield, (2001), 469-472 bb.

[7] Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. trans. Anthony F. Roberts (1st English edition ed.). Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 72bet.

[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabi#Criticism_and_controversy

[9] Hamadî Redissi" Necid Sözleşmesi yahut bir İslâm fırkası nasıl İslâm'ın yerine geçti?" (http://www.tevbe.org/forum/dini-bilgiler-ve-islami-yazilar/8568-vehhabilik-hizla-yayiliyor.html)

[10] Jogharydaghy silteme

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