"Bir joqty bir joq tabady"

Halyq mәteli

Elbasymyz "Bolashaqqa baghdar: ruhany janghyru" atty memlekettik baghdarlamalyq mazmúny bar maqalasynda tughan jerding tarihyn janghyrtyp, tughan jerge degen elding sýiispenshiligi men qúrmetin arttyrudyng manyzy erekeshe ekendigine toqtalghany esimizde. Osy rette qazir tughan jer syryna qanyghugha úmtylghan ekspedisiyalar úiymdastyrylyp, tarihy manyzy bar eldi-mekender anyqtaluda. Sonyng biri bas sýiegi elge әkelingen Keyki batyrdyng ósken ólkesi Jylanshyq ózenining tabighy kelbeti turaly sóz etemiz.

Sonymen, biylghy jaz aiynda Qostanay oblysy Ishki sayasat bólimining qoldauymen oblys ortalyghyndaghy Joghary oqu oryndarynyng bir top ghalymdary men student shәkirtterden qúralghan ghylymi-aghartushylyq ekspedisiya Torghay ónirine sapar jasaghan bolatyn. Maqsaty – 1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilisting qaharmandarynyng biri, kenes ýkimeti ornaghan tústa qazaq dalasynda bolghan azamat soghysynyng qúrbany Keyki Kókembayúly turaly derekter men maghlúmat jinau edi.

Eskpedisiya júmysynyng bir baghyty retinde Er Keyki qaza tapqan Úly Jylanshyq ózenining boyy tandaldy. Úly Jylanshyq - Torghay dalasyndaghy úzyn ózenderding biri. Búl ólkening Keyki batyrdyng ghúmyrnamasynda erekshe orny bar. Myltyqty kózdemey, qolynyng kezeui arqyly nysanasyna dәl tiygizetindikten halyq arasynda «qolmergen» atanghan Keykining sanaly ghúmyrynyng basym bóligi Úly Jylanshyqta ótken. Jas uaqytynda ol osy ózenning boyyn jaylaghan Shashanbaydyng Rahmetinde jylqyshy bolyp qyzmet etedi. Jylanshyqtyng boyynda, atap aitqanda, sol ózenge qúyatyn Jalauly ózekshesining boyynda Sýtemgenning Jәkenining qystauynda batyr erlikpen qaza tabady.

Torghay bekinisine bastap bara jatqan qandy kóilek dosy P. Tokarevti óltirip, dalagha jasyrynghan Keyki Úly Jylanshyq ózenining boyyn tasalaydy. Batyrdyng atalmysh ózenning boyyna jasyrynuynyn, bizdinshe, birneshe sebebi bolghan siyaqty. Birinshiden, Úly Jylanshyq ózenin jaghalay otyryp Úlytau asyp, boy tasalaudy maqsat etse, ekinshiden, atalmysh ózenning boyy ózine әbden tanys, ýshinshiden, ózenning jyqpyl-jyqpyl qoynauy, geografiyalyq ornalasuy iz jasyrugha qolayly boldy. Songhy uәjding rastyghyn bizder Jylanshyq ózenining sputnikten týsirgen suretin kórgende anyq anghardyq.

Keyki batyrdyng qaza tapqan jerine taghyzym etuge shyqqan ekspedisiya Sýtemgenning Jәkenining qystauynyng ornyn taba almay, Jalauly men Jylanshyqtyng boyyn sharlap, biraz daghdaryp qaldy. Tipti, asty tómendeu djip kólikting týtin shygharatyn túrbasyna quraghan shóp jinalyp, mashina órtenip kete jazdady. Sol kezde Googlee izdeu jýiesi arqyly Jylanshyqtyng kartasyn izdep, qayda túrghanymyzdy anyqtaugha úmtylghan edik. Sputnikten alynghan kartany kórgende bizder Keyki batyrdyng Jylanshyq boyyn ne sebepten tasalaghanyn týsingendey boldyq. Sondaghy sputnik deregi mynau edi:

Fotodan bayqaghanymyzday,  Úly Jylanshyq ózeni kәdimgi jylanday iyrelendep, búralandap aghyp, jyqpyl-jyqpyl qoltyq qúraydy. Jaghalau tik jarly, suy teren, yaghny sudyng arghy beti men bergi betine ótu onay emes. Múnday geografiyalyq jaghday qashqyngha óte qolayly. Sondyqtan Keyki batyr Úly Jylanshyqtyng boyyn tasalaydy. Ókinishke qaray, ózenning tabighy qorghanysy men qolaylylyghy Keykige «kómektese» almady.

«Bir joq bir joqty tabady» degendey, Keykining denesi jatqan jerdi izdep jýrip, ózenning ne sebepten «Jylanshyq» atalatynyn túspaldaghanday boldyq. El arasynda «Jylanshyqtyn» atauy ózende jylan kóp bolghandyqtan shyqqan degen sóz bar. Ras, qazaq jerinde jylangha qatysty jer ataulary barshylyq. Sebebi halyqtyng miftik tanymynda jylannyng erekshe orny bar. Onda jylan - sudy emes, jerdi mekendeytin jәndik.

Halyq týsiniginde «ordaly jylan» deytin de týsinik bar. Ordaly jylandar susyz qúdyqtarda, shúnqyrlarda, ýngirlerde mekendeydi, «jýzdegen, myndaghan jylandar bir-birine oralyp, ýiilip jatady» degen týsinik osy ordaly jylandargha qatysty aitylady. Eger adam ordaly jylannyng bireuin abaysyzda bolsyn, әdeyi bolsyn óltirip alsa, onda qalghan jylandar әlgi adamdy qay jaqqa ketse de tauyp alyp óltiredi degen týsinik te qazaqtyng senim-nanymynan oryn alghan.

«Ordaly jylan» týsinigi – ejelgi «jylan eli, jylandar memleketi» degen týsinikting sarqynshaghy. «Er Tóstik» ertegisining mazmúnyn eske týsireyik. Tóstik jer astyna týsip, jylan patshalyghynyng biyleushisi Bapy hannyng eline barmaytyn ba edi? Sonday-aq qazaq ýige jylan kirse, «jer astynan jaman niyetpen shyqty» dep basyna aq qúiyp, shygharyp salady. Demek, jylan - su astyn emes, ýngirin jer astynan dayyndap, azyghyn jer men su ýstinen izdeytin jәndik.

Úly Jylanshyq gidroniyminde halyqtyng ózen-su atauynyng arnasynyng kólemine jәne onyng úzyn-qysqalyghy qatysty tanym-týsinikteri oryn alghan. Búl jerde ataudyng «úly» bóligi úzyndyqqa qatysty bolsa, kishireyitpeli maghyna beretin «shyq» qosymshasymen jasalatyn «jylan» degen ekinshi bóligi ózen arnasynyng jinishkeligine jәne iyrelendep aghatyna baylanysty qalyptasqan. Basqasha aitqanda, qazaq tanymynda «Úly Jylanshyq» «arnasy jinishke úzyn ózen», al «Kishi Jylanshyq» «arnasy jinishke qysqa ózen» degen maghyna beredi.

Jylanshyq syndy su arnasynyng jinishkeligine baylanysty qoyylghan gidronimderding biri – Qylshaqty. Bastauyn Shuchinsk qalasynyng ontýstik-shyghysynan alyp, Aqmola oblysynyng Burabay jәne Zerendi audandary jerimen aghyp, Kókshetau qalasy arqyly Qopa kóline qúyady. Qylshaqty ózenining kóktemgi qatty su tasqyny kezinde arnasynan shyghyp ketetin kezderi bolady.

Atalmysh ózen atauynyng týbiri – «qyl», yaghny «jinishke». Qazaq arasynda «qylday», «qyl bel», «qylshyq» degen jinishkelik maghyna beretin sózder bar. Demek, Qylshaqty gidroniymi «jinishke ózen» degendi bildiredi. Dәl osynday gidronim Qyzylorda oblysy Aral audanynyng territoriyasynda kezdesedi. Onda ózen atauy «Jaqsy Qylysh» dep atalady. Ózenning «jaqsy» atanuy kóktemgi tasqyngha baylanysty qoyylsa kerek. Tasymaytyn ózen-kólderge qazaq «jaqsy» degen syn esimdi qoyyp, kóktemde boy bermey tasityn ózenderge «jaman, tentek, búzylyq» degen ataular beredi. Aytalyq, Keyki batyrdyng tughan ólkesinde «Tenteksay» dep atalatyn ózekshe bar. Torghay ózenine qúyady.

Qoryta kelgende, Keyki batyrdyng ruhyna taghzym etemiz dep atanghan ekspedisiya Úly Jylanshyqtyng atauynyng shyn maghynasyn úqqanday boldy. Atam qazaq ózen-kólderge atau bergende, onyng týr-týsi, túrmys-tirshilikke qajettiligi, geografiyalyq erekshelikteri, mezgildik belgileri, su arnasynyng kólemine baylanysty úghymdardy tanghan, tanbalaghan. Kóshpeli tirlik qúryp, negizinen mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysqan qazaq halqy ózen-kól ataularynyng týr-týsine (Aqsu, Aqkól, Qarasu, Kóksu, Sarysu, Sarykól), ashy-túshylyghyna (Ashysay, Dәmdi), tasu-qaytu belgilerine (Tenteksay, Búzylyq, Jamansay,), ózen boyyndaghy ótkel erekshelikterine (Atbasar, Qarghaly), terendigine (Terensay, Qayrankól), arnasynyng jalpaqtyghy men jinishkeligine (Jayyq, Jalpaqsu, Qylshaqty, Jaqsyqylysh), úzyn-qysqalyghyna (Úzynkól, Sholaqsay), san jaghyna qaray (Ýsh Qarasu, Jetisay, Jetikól, Bestamaq) t.b. qaray atau bergendigi aiqyn angharylady.

Búl orayda aitayyn degenimiz, býgingi tanda jer-su ataularyna kisi esimin beru ýrdisi kýsheyip keledi. Kisi esimin beru – bolisheviktik kommunizm zamannyng sarqynshaghy. Qazaq jer ataularyna kisi esimin óte siyrek qoyghan. Biz «bolisheviktik sanamen» әbden ulanghan halyqpyz. Býgingi ruhany janghyru túsynda bizder sol kommunizm túsyndaghy eski sanadan aryluymyz qajet. Jer-su ataularyna baylanysty ata-babadan qalghan asyl múrany sayasattyng «qyl búrauyna» salmay, «múrtyn búzbay» kelesi úrpaqqa qaldyru - bizding azamattyq paryzymyz.

Almasbek Ábsadyqov, filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory, Baytúrsynov atyndaghy Qostanay memlekettik uniyversiytetining professory.

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