Qazir jer betinde sudy syrttan satyp alyp, tasymaldap iship otyrghan memleketter bar. Múnday jaghdaygha Qazaqstannyng da iligip ketui kәdik. Euraziyalyq qúrlyqtyng qaq ortasyndamyz dep keude qaqqanymyzben, múhittardan alys jatqan Qazaqstan TMD elderi arasynda suy eng az el bolyp esepteledi. Al Orta Aziya boyynsha bizding el su qory tausylugha ainalghan memleketter qataryna syrghyp barady...

Mәngilik esh nәrse joq. Bәri de týgesiledi. Múnay, metall, ózge tabighy baylyqtar da... Órkeniyet ozghan sayyn týrli qor da tausylady. Adamzat qazir qarjy daghdarysynan shyghudyng amaldaryn izdep, bas qatyryp jatyr. Biraq búl da - uaqytsha qúbylys. Adamzat ataulyny qarjy daghdarysynan da ózge, qatty alandatyp otyrghan bir mәsele bar. Ol - su.

nNESKO 2030 jylgha qaray jer shary halqynyng jartysyna juyghy (47 payyz) su tapshylyghyna úshyraydy dep otyr. 2 milliard adamdy sumen qamtamasyz etetin, eng iri degen 7 ózen bastau alatyn Gimalay men Tiybettegi mәngilik múzdaqtar shapshang ery bastady. 2100 jyly múzdaqtar erip bitedi, jer betindegi ýlken-ýlken 70 ózen tartylady degen boljamdar aityluda.

Qazir jer betinde sudy syrttan satyp alyp, tasymaldap iship otyrghan memleketter bar. Múnday jaghdaygha Qazaqstannyng da iligip ketui kәdik. Euraziyalyq qúrlyqtyng qaq ortasyndamyz dep keude qaqqanymyzben, múhittardan alys jatqan Qazaqstan TMD elderi arasynda suy eng az el bolyp esepteledi. Al Orta Aziya boyynsha bizding el su qory tausylugha ainalghan memleketter qataryna syrghyp barady...

Mәngilik esh nәrse joq. Bәri de týgesiledi. Múnay, metall, ózge tabighy baylyqtar da... Órkeniyet ozghan sayyn týrli qor da tausylady. Adamzat qazir qarjy daghdarysynan shyghudyng amaldaryn izdep, bas qatyryp jatyr. Biraq búl da - uaqytsha qúbylys. Adamzat ataulyny qarjy daghdarysynan da ózge, qatty alandatyp otyrghan bir mәsele bar. Ol - su.

nNESKO 2030 jylgha qaray jer shary halqynyng jartysyna juyghy (47 payyz) su tapshylyghyna úshyraydy dep otyr. 2 milliard adamdy sumen qamtamasyz etetin, eng iri degen 7 ózen bastau alatyn Gimalay men Tiybettegi mәngilik múzdaqtar shapshang ery bastady. 2100 jyly múzdaqtar erip bitedi, jer betindegi ýlken-ýlken 70 ózen tartylady degen boljamdar aityluda.

Su tapshylyghy degenimiz ne? Búl eng aldymen - eldi mekender qanyrap bos qalady degen sóz. Ishki-syrtqy migrasiya artady. Su tapshylyghynan migrasiyagha úshyraytyndardyng sany 700 million adam boluy yqtimal. Su tapshylyghy artqan kezde, egistik jerlerding kólemi azayady, demek, dýnie jýzi boyynsha astyq tapshylyghy tuyndaydy, azyq-týlikke degen súranys artqan ýstine artady.

Qara qúrlyqtyng jarty milliardqa juyq halqy qazirding ózinde taza su ishe almaydy. Olar ózen-kólder men janbyr sularyn qorek etip otyr.

Uaqyt óte kele, әlemdik naryqta sudyng baghasy múnaydyng baghasymen tenesetin bolady. Su әlemdik sayasat­tyng basty qúralyna ainalady. «Osy ghasyrdyng ortasyna tayau әlemde su tapshylyghy tuyndaydy» degen boljam­dar­dyng keyingi kezde jii jәne batyl aitylyp jýrgeni osyny megzeydi. Adam balasynyng múnay men gazgha qaraghanda, sudy barlyq jerde, barlyq kezde qoldanatynyn eskersek, bizdi qanday synaq kýtip túrghanyn mólsherleu qiyn emes. Jer betinde su daghdarysy oryn alsa, tirshilik ataulynyng ne kýige týserin oilaudyng ózi qorqynyshty!

BÚÚ-nyng Damu baghdarlamasynyng esebi boyynsha, Qazaqstan halqynyng ýshten biri taza auyzsugha qol jetkize almay otyr. Eger jaghday býgingiden ózgermese, endi 30-40 jyldan keyin taza auyzsugha degen halyqtyng qajetin óteu Qazaqstanda tipti mýmkin bolmay qalady. Sebebi, bizding elde taza su qory qazirding ózinde, bar-joghy 3-aq payyzdy qúraydy. Áriyne, «Sheteldik sarapshylar ne bolsa, sony aita beredi» dep qol silteuge bolar edi. Desek te, bizding eldi mekenderding deni qazirgi tanda auyzsu zardabyn tartyp otyrghany jasyryn emes. Ras, әr aimaqta Ýkimetting qaulysy boyynsha «Auyzsu» baghdarlamasy «Aqbúlaq» baghdarlama­syna úlasyp, әli de jalghasuda, biraq halyqtyng ýmitin aqta­ghany shamaly...

Qazaqstan sudy Resey men Qytay­dan, sonday-aq Qyrghyzstan men Ózbek­stannan alady. Osy eldermen eki aradaghy әr transshekaralyq ózen bo­yyn­sha, býginge deyin belgili bir qiyn­dyqtar qalyptas­qanyn jasyrugha bolmaydy.

Aytalyq, Batys Qazaqstan oblysyn­daghy tabighy su qorynyng 80 payyzy Reseyge tәueldi! Óitkeni ondaghy su kólemi kórshi el aumaghynda qalyptasady. Mәselen, Qazaqstannyng batysyndaghy eng ýlken su kózi - Jayyq óz bastauyn Bashqúrtstannan alady. Ózge eki ýlken ózen Shaghan men Derkólding bastauy Orynbor aumaghynda jatyr. Qaraózen men Saryózen Saratov oblysynan bastalady.

Tәuelsizdikting alghashqy jyldarynda, yaghny 1992 jyldyng 27 sәuirinde Resey men Qazaqstan memleketteri arasynda transshekaralyq ózenderdi bir­lesip paydalanu jәne qorghau turaly kelisimge qol qoyylghany belgili. Shyndap kelgende, búl kelisim, negizinen, Reseyge qyzmet jasady. Kórshimiz jana su qoymalaryn saldy. Búrynghy su qoy­malaryna kýrdeli jón­deuler jýrgizdi. Múnyng bәri bizben kelisilmey-aq jýzege asyp jatty.

Kelisimning birjaqty sipat aluy Oral ónirindegi su mólsherin azaytyp, sapasyn tómendetip jiberdi. Saryózenning tómengi aghysyndaghy kólderding deni, Qaraózenning qoynauyndaghy Qa­mys, Samar kólderi keuip qaldy. Búl eko­logiyagha da әser etti. Su tóniregindegi kelissózdi qayta qarau turaly mәsele kóterildi.

Reseyding Volgograd oblysy arqyly Edil suyn Qazaqstandaghy Jәnibek sulandyru jýiesine berude reseylikter sudy tauargha ainaldyryp, oghan salynatyn salyq mólsherin kóterip jiberdi. «Kiside­gining kilti aspanda» degen - osy!

Bir kezde maqtalyqty suaru ýshin esepsiz su júmsaghan ózbek aghayyn­dardyng arqasynda Araldyng suy tartyldy. Búl azday, endi olarmen Shardara jәne Syrdariya men Ámudәriya suyn birigip, tiyimdi paydalanu turaly bir mәmilege kele almay otyrmyz. Qay jyly Ózbekstan men Qazaqstan qyr­ghyzdardan su satyp almaymyz dep edi, óz-aghannyng esh nәrsesi ketken joq, Qa­zaqstannyng ontýstik aimaghy tasqyn­nyng astynda qala jazdady. Qyrghyz aghay­yndar «qazaq bauyr ghoy» demedi, tabighy apattyng ózin tiyimdi paydalanyp, Qa­zaqstannan Qyrghyzstangha jetkizile­tin janar-jagharmay tasymalyna jenil­dik talap etti. Múnan keyin de qazaqtyng sugha qatysty jaghdayy ontýstikte onala qoy­mady. Qyrghyz ben ózbek óz egistik­teri men maqtalyqtaryn keneytken sayyn, Qazaqstannyng ontýstik aimaqtaryn­da suarmaly jerler óte kóp mólsherde (2,3 myng gektardan 1,3 myng gektargha deyin!) qysqara bastady.

Bastauyn ontýstiktegi taulardyng ba­syndaghy múzdaqtardan alatyn bizdegi ózenderding tartylu qaupi bar: múz­daqtar erip jatyr. Elimizding shyghy­syndaghy eki iri ózen - Ertis pen Ile bastauyn Qytaydan alady. BÚÚ-nyng boljamy boyynsha su múqtaj­dyghyna birinshi bolyp úshyraytyn Qytay bolmaq.

Mamandardyng baghalauyna qaraghan­da, eng qiyn da auyr jaghdaydy qytay­lyqtar bastan keshedi. Óitkeni 2030 jyly Qytaydyng halqy 1,6 milliardqa jetedi. Demografiyalyq ósu - ajdaha elining sudy paydalanugha degen súra­nysyn arttyrady. Álemdegi su qorynyng 7 payyzy osy elge tiyesili desek te, býgingi kýni Qytaydaghy ózen-kólderding 90 payyzdan astamy lastanghan. Ishuge, keyde, tipti, paydalanugha da jaramsyz.

Búl elde qazirding ózinde iri-iri degen 30 megapolis su tapshylyghyn sezinude. Sarapshylardyng pikirine sensek, 2030 jylgha qaray Qytay auyzsudy syrttan satyp alatyn memleketterding qataryn tolyqtyratyn kórinedi. Biraq oghan deyin Qytay qol qusyryp qarap otyrady deseniz, qatelesesiz. Ol qazir Qa­zaqstangha qaray aghatyn ózenderge tos­qauyl saluda. Qazaqstan ýshin Qytay ekspansiyasynyng eng qauiptisi - su boluy ghajap emes. Ertis pen Ilening suyn búru - Qytay ýshin susyz jatqan Shynjandy iygeru ýshin kerek. Búl júmystyng bastaluy - Qazaqstangha ekologiyalyq apat әke­letini turaly dabyl da qaghyldy. Biraq Qytay men Qazaqstan arasynda shekaraaralyq ózenderge birlesip baqylau jasau bólimshelerin qúrudan әrige baratyn saliqaly kelisim bolmay túr. Kórshi Qytay - halyqaralyq konvensiya («She­kara­aralyq ózender aghysy jәne halyq­aralyq kólderdi qorghau men qoldanu jónindegi Helisinky konvensiyasy») qabyldaugha asyghar emes jәne asyqpaydy da. Ile - Qas, Tekes, Kýnes degen ýsh ózennen bastau alady.

Qazir dәl osy Ile bastau alatyn jerge Jyryntay GES-i salynghan. Bógetting úzyndyghy - 30 shaqyrym, biyiktigi 2000 metrden asady. Búl GES basyn mәngilik múz basyp jatqan Erenqabyrgha tauynyng ekinshi betinde susyz jatqan Jyng audany ýshin paydalanylmaqshy. Qazir Eren­qabyrgha tauyn tesip, tunneli salu jú­mysy jýrgizilude. Tunneli iske qosylghan kezde, Ilening bizge keletin suy 30 payyzgha kemiydi!

Tekes ózeninde múnday GES-ting ekeui salynghan. Qas, Tekes, Kýnes sugha ghana emes, kenge de bay desedi. Tek qana Qas ózenining boyynda 17 ken shayqau orny ashylghan. Múnyng bәrine qosa, kórshimiz shekaralyq ózenderding jaghalaularyn boylaghan egistik kólemin ýnemi arttyryp otyr. Dýniyejýzilik V su forumynda auyl sharuashylyghy ministri A.Kýrish­baev Ertis pen Ile jaghalauynda Qytay egistik alqaptardyng kólemin arttyrghan sayyn, Qazaqstan su tapshy­lyghyn sezine bas­taghanyn aitty.

Biraq Qytaydyng energiya óndiruge qajet sudy erkin paydalanuy, óz óndirisin toqtatpauy - Qytay mýddesi kez kelgen halyqaralyq konvensiyadan joghary túratynyn kórsetti. Qytay óz әreketi arqyly su tapshylyghynan qútyluda, al Resey men Qazaqstanda, kerisinshe, su mәselesi kýrdelene týsti.

Bir kezde ózbek aghayyndar bizdi Araldan (olardyng sudy esepsiz paydalanuy tenizge qúyatyn sudyng kólemin 75 payyzgha deyin azaytyp jibergen edi) aiyrdy. Aral býgin qazaqtyng ghana emes, býkil adamzattyng qasiretine ainaldy! Qazir Araldy jandandyru, jana su qoryn jasau ýshin de eshkim qol úshyn sozyp otyrghan joq. Al qazir Qytay Balqash pen Zaysannan aiyra ma degen qauip bar. Onyng ar jaghynda: «Ertis pen Ileni bógep otyrghan Qytay Qazaqstandy uysynda ústaudy kózdeui mýmkin-au» degen kýdik te joq emes!

Biz ýshin Ertis pen Ilening qúqyqtyq mәrtebesi 10 jyldan beri tek sóz jýzinde ghana qalyp keledi. Shanhay Ynty­maqtastyq úiymynan ýmit kýtken bolamyz. Biraq búl tyghyryqtan shyghatyn jol bireu ghana, ol - Qazaqstan, Resey, Qytay tarapy birlesip, bir kelisimge qol jetkizu. Býginde BÚÚ mamandary men birqatar sarapshylar aldaghy uaqytta әlemdik kartada sugha qatysty ýsh әleumettik-ekonomikalyq mәsele tuyndap, basty kýn tәrtibine ainalatynyn aitady.

Onyng birinshisi - 2020 jyldan keyin әlemning 22 megapoliysi (búl degen - milliardtaghan halyq!) qúbyrlar arqyly keletin tazartylghan sudyng múqtajdyghyn sezinedi. Ásirese Qytaydyng 50-den astam qalasy qiynshylyqqa tap bolady. Óndiriske paydalanatyn su azayyp, auyl sharua­shylyghyna qoldanylatyn su mólsheri azayady. Osynyng saldarynan Qytay eksporttaushy elden import tasymaly úlghayghan memleketke ainalady. Búl әlemdik naryqtaghy jaghdaydy kýrdelen­dire týsedi. Afrikadaghy qúrghaq­shylyqtyng saldarynan halyq Europagha qaray auady.

Ekinshiden, su әleumettik dengeydi tanytatyn mәrtebege ie bolady. 2015 jyldan keyin transúlttyq korporasiyalar damushy elderden orasan zor kólemde su kózderin satyp aludy jýzege asyrady. Auyzsu mәselesi aldynghy oryngha shyghyp, kóptegen elding ýkimet basshylary su resursyn әleu­mettik baqylau qúralyna ainaldyrady. Álemdik naryqta su eksporty ýlken bizneske jol ashady.

Ýshinshiden, sudy qaytalap payda­lanudyng tehnologiyasy jasalady. Su tapshylyghy - sudy ýnemdeuge alyp ke­ledi. Osy su tapshylyghyn elding aldy bolyp sezinetin Qytay atalghan dagh­darystan shyghudyng joldaryn izdey bastaydy. 2025 jyldan keyin halyq­aralyq naryqta әlem­dik gidroekonomika salasy órken­deydi, ony jýzege asyru jóninen Qytay aldynghy oryngha shyghady. Qazaqstannyng bir ýmiti Sibir ózen­de­rin búru jobasynda jatqan edi. Sibirding Hanty-Mansiyskiy qalasy manynan bastalatyn kanal joba boyynsha Obi ózeninen bastalyp, Ertisti boylay, Torghay dalasy arqyly Syr óni­rining Josaly qystaghynyng manyna keledi. Sói­tip, Syrdariyany kesip ótip, Ózbek­stangha toqtaydy.

Biraq onsyz da ghasyrgha juyq talqylanghan búl jobanyng dәl qazirgidey su tapshylyghy qarsanynda jýzege asuy mýmkin be? Oghan birauyzdan joq dep aitugha tura keletin siyaqty.

Onyng ýstine, kez kelgen jobadan geosayasy astar izdeytin Kremliding búl әreketi týbinde bir qaytarymdy talap eteri sózsiz. Keybir ekonomikalyq sarapshylar búl ýlken sayasatqa әkeler jobanyng basy ekenin aitady. Endi ne istemek kerek?! Sudy tazartyp, birneshe ret qoldanu әdisi turaly Europada 1975 jyldan bastap aityla bastady. Tipti múnan eki jyl búryn sudy ysyrap etpeu jәne tiyimdiligin arttyru turaly úzaq merzimge arnalghan baghdarlama da qabyldanghan.

Bizding mamandar, óz kezeginde, eldegi su tapshylyghyn retteu ýshin eng bolmaghanda barlyq sulandyru kanaldaryn jabyq jelige kóshiru kerektigin aitady. Al úzaq merzimdi jәne aghymdaghy mindetterdi sheshu ýshin tiyisti halyqaralyq sharttardy dayyndau qajet kórinedi. Bolmasa, býgin múnayyn shashyp-tókken Qazaq­stannyng bir qasyq sugha zar bolar kýni alys emes siyaqty. Tek «aytqannyng auzy jaman» demenizder...

«Obshestvennaya pozisiya»

(proekt «DAT» № 01 (84) 12 jeltoqsan 2011 g.