Iran Islam Respublikasyna jasaghan arnayy saparymyz ayaqtalysymen, qalghan eki kýndi (úshaq aptasyna bir mәrte ghana qatynaydy) tekke ótkizbey, taghdyr tauqymetimen osy jaqqa qonys audarghan qazaq qandastarymyzdyng túrmys-tirshiligimen tanysudy jón kórdik. Tughan eldi ansap otyrghan aghayyndargha amandasyp qaytudy ózimizge paryz sanadyq. Oiymyzdy elshilik ókilderi de qúptap, qazaqtar kóptep shoghyrlanghan Gorgan qalasyndaghy Bander-e Týrkimen auylynda túratyn qazaq aghayyndarmen jýzdesuimizge bolatyndyghyn aitty. Astanadan arnayy kelgen delegasiya úshaqpen, al biz - jurnalister jenil kólikke otyryp Tehrannan tórt jýz shaqyrymdaghy kәri Kaspiyding tolqynymen terbelgen Gorgan qalasyna tartyp kettik. Bir qyzyghy, búl elde memleketishilik úshaqpen qatynau baghasy temirjol ýstinde jýitkigen poyyzdan da arzan eken. Al biz jol boyy qyzylbastar men osy eldegi qandastarymyzdyng tynys-tirshiligimen tanysyp barayyq dep jenil kólikti tandadyq.

Iranbaqtyng qazaqtary

Iran Islam Respublikasyna jasaghan arnayy saparymyz ayaqtalysymen, qalghan eki kýndi (úshaq aptasyna bir mәrte ghana qatynaydy) tekke ótkizbey, taghdyr tauqymetimen osy jaqqa qonys audarghan qazaq qandastarymyzdyng túrmys-tirshiligimen tanysudy jón kórdik. Tughan eldi ansap otyrghan aghayyndargha amandasyp qaytudy ózimizge paryz sanadyq. Oiymyzdy elshilik ókilderi de qúptap, qazaqtar kóptep shoghyrlanghan Gorgan qalasyndaghy Bander-e Týrkimen auylynda túratyn qazaq aghayyndarmen jýzdesuimizge bolatyndyghyn aitty. Astanadan arnayy kelgen delegasiya úshaqpen, al biz - jurnalister jenil kólikke otyryp Tehrannan tórt jýz shaqyrymdaghy kәri Kaspiyding tolqynymen terbelgen Gorgan qalasyna tartyp kettik. Bir qyzyghy, búl elde memleketishilik úshaqpen qatynau baghasy temirjol ýstinde jýitkigen poyyzdan da arzan eken. Al biz jol boyy qyzylbastar men osy eldegi qandastarymyzdyng tynys-tirshiligimen tanysyp barayyq dep jenil kólikti tandadyq.

Iranbaqtyng qazaqtary

Qyzylbastardyng taqyr taulary asqar shyn­dy Alatauday menmúndalap kóz tar­typ, múzart basy kýnmen shaghylysyp jatpaghan son, bastapqyda kónilimiz tol­may, qonyltaqsyp qalghanymyz ras-ty. Teh­­rannan alystap, teniz tynysymen ter­belgen Gýlstan provinsiyasynyng Gorgan qalasyna jaqyndaghan sayyn jay­laudyng jasyl kilemindey jayqalghan alapqa, par­sylardyng tilimen aitsaq Eram (Iran) ba­ghyna engendey kýy keshtik. Ontýstik aimaq bol­ghandyqtan búl jaqta kýn әli jyly. Qúr­ma, mandariyn, apelisiyn, kivy syndy sub­tropikalyq jemister endi-endi pisip, ba­zar kórkin keltirip-aq túr.

Iran qazaqtary 1918-33 jyldary aralyghynda «asyra silteu bolmasyn, asha túyaq qalmasyn» dep bar qazaqtyng malyn sy­pyryp alyp, halyqty jappay ashar­shy­lyqa úryndyrghan solaqay sayasat kezeninde Manghystaudan, Aqtau, Atyrau ai­maghynan Týrkimenstan ólkesine ótip, sodan Irannyng soltýstik shekarasyndaghy Gýlstan provinsiyasyna toqtaghan. Býgingi tanda búl aimaqta Alash úrpaqtarynyng 1000-gha juyq týtini qyzylbastarmen qoyan-qoltyq aralasyp, yntymaqta kýn keshude. Óz salt-dәstýrlerin saqtaghan, tili túnyq qandastardyng jaghdayy kóz quantyp, kónil sýisinterliktey eken.

Biz týsken ýiding otanasy Toyjan Bәliy­qy­zynyng aituynsha, tughan jerdi qimay qoshtasqan aghayynnyng amalsyz kó­shi týrli qiyndyqtargha tap bolypty. «Áke-sheshe­miz azappen kóship kelipti. Týnde kóshemiz, kýndiz jatamyz dep ai­ta­tyn. Shópting basyn baulap, ýy etipti. Ke­yin­nen par­sy­larmen erkin aralasyp, osy jaq­tyng tilin ýirenip, ómir sýru dagh­dy­symen ta­nysyp, jaghdaylaryn týzepti», - dep es­ke alady. Búl jaqqa qansha qan­da­sy­myz­dyng qonys audaryp barghandyghy turaly naq­ty derek joq. Toqsannyng beseuine kel­gen Jәngir Kórpe aqsaqaldyng aituynsha, 30 jylgha juyq uaqyt boyyna qazaqtar týr­kimen jerinde túraqtay almay, sýzek, bez­gekke shaldyghyp qy­ryl­ghan eken. Sodan aman qalghandary parsy júr­tynyng Gýl­stan, Mazandaran proviyn­siya­larynyng bir­neshe auyldarynda túryp ja­tyr. Mún­daghy jalpy qandas­ta­ry­myz­dyng sany al­ty jarym myngha juyq.

Dәulet IYemberdiyev, Gorgan qalasyndaghy bas konsul:

- Irandaghy qazaqtar týrli salada qyzmet etip jatyr. Mashina jasau, mú­nay óndeu, bank isi, uniyversiytette ústazdyq syndy qyzmetterde jemisti enbek etude. Túrmys jaghdayy, ómir sýru dengeyi jaqsy. Tipti mynghyrghan mal aidamasa da jaghdayy óte jaqsy qandastarymyz da barshylyq. Jastar oqu izdep baryp jatyr Qazaqstangha. Jal­py, búl jaqtaghy qandastarymyz or­nyghyp, túraqtalyp qalghan dep ai­tuy­myzgha bolady. Qazir qa­riyalardyng kóbi balalarynyn, ne­me­re­lerining atamekenge atbasyn búr­ghandaryn qa­laydy.

Tili túnyq qandastar

Qandastarymyzgha saparlap bara jatqan kezde kónilde bir qorqynyshtyng bolghany ayan edi. Bizdi qajet jerimizge jet­kizip jýrgen kólik jýrgizushi Bolat aghamyz «búl elde parsylar 60 payyzdy, әzir­bayjandar 20 payyzdy qúraydy, odan keyingi kezekte armyandar, aughandar, týrki­men­der túr. Biraq ta basqa tilde bir de bir mektep joq. Bәri de parsy tilinde» degen-di. Sodan 80 jylgha juyq osy jerde túryp jatqan aghayyndarymyz tilin úmyta bastaghan bolar degen zandy saual maza­laghan. Alayda bizdi kýtip alghan aghayyndar «aqsarbasyn» aityp, «bauyrym-aygha» bas­­qanda tan-tamasha boldyq. Tilderi ta­za. Kiymeshek kiygen apalar, shapan ja­myl­ghan aqsaqaldar. Qúddy ózimizding auyl­dyng adamdary siyaqty. 76 million par­sy júrtynyng ishinde jútylyp ketpey, tilin, dilin saqtaghan, salt-dәstýrin berik ús­tanghan qandastarymyzdy kórgende qua­ny­shymyzdy jasyra almadyq.

Iran qazaqtary Qazaqstan biyligining na­zarynan tys qalghan emes. Tehrandaghy el­­­shilik qazaqtar kóp shoghyrlanghan Gorgan qa­lasyna konsuldyq ashyp, qandas­tary­myzdy atamekenmen baylanystyryp otyr. Gazet-jurnal, qazaqsha kitap oqy­ghy­sy kelgender men qújatynyng qisy­nyn kel­­tire almay jýrgen aghayyn birden kon­sul­dyq qyzmetine jý­ginedi. Qandas­ta­ry­myz Caspionet tele­arnasy arqyly eli­miz­­degi janalyq­tardy estip-bilip oty­ra­dy.

Resmy jerlerde parsy tilinde sói­legenmen, qazaqtar óz otbasynda tughan tilinde sóileudi qatang qadaghalap, talap etip otyrady. Tilden aiyrylsa dilinen ajyrap, bolmysyn bylghaytynyn týsingen aq­saqaldar múny jastar jaghyna ýnemi es­kertumen keledi. Sondyqtan da enbek­te­geninen enkeygenine deyin tilge degen qúrmetti saqtap qalghan.

Atalar amanatyna adaldyq

Ata-dәstýr - qazaq ýshin búljymas zan­dylyq. Ómir sýru formasyna ainalghan qa­zaqy dәstýrding Iran qazaqtary ara­synda saqtalghanyna taghy da kóz jet­kizdik. Qandasymyz Ábdilsattar Baly sóz arasynda «týrkimen men aughannan qa­zaq­tardyng jaghdayy jaqsy. Biz basqa miyl­letterge, әzirbayjan, armyan, tipti qy­zyl­bastargha da qyz bermeymiz, qyz al­may­myz» dep qaldy. Biz eleng ete týstik. Qaz­balap súray bastap ek, Ábdilsattar aq­sa­qal «búl - atalar amanaty, bizge tapsyryp ket­ken. Oghan adaldyq tanytuymyz kerek. Osy uaqytqa deyin biz qyzymyzdy syrtqa shy­gharmadyq, basqa últtan kelin týsir­me­dik. Onday jaghday bolmaydy da. Sondyq­tan da biz tilimizdi saqtap, dәstýrimizdi jal­­ghastyryp kelemiz. Biraq jeti atagha tol­may jastardy qospaymyz. Kelin týsiru, ký­yeu kóru, qúdalasu, toy jasau salt­ta­rymyz, qúdaygha shýkir, saqtalghan» dep ja­uap berdi.

Ras, millionnyng ishinde otyrghan az ghana otbasynyng bereke-birligi jarasym ta­uyp, yntymaqta ómir sýretinin últtar dostyghy synaghyna ainalghan óz jerimizde talay kórip, bilip jýrmiz. Qalyng qyzyl­bas­tyng arasynda sanasy ulanbay, bol­mysy bylghanbay, bitimi qúldanbay erkin otyrghan aghayynnyng tughan jerge degen saghynyshy әr jyl sayyn qútty qo­nys­qa kósh basyn týzep jatqan úly sal­ta­natqa úla­suda.

Múrat Ysmayylov, Qazaqstannyng Irandaghy elshiligining uaqytsha senimdi ókili:

- Býginde búl elde 6 500-dey qazaq diasporasy túryp jatyr. Qazirgi tanda memlekettik kvota boyynsha ataqonys­qa kóshudi úiymdastyrudamyz. Biyl jeti otbasyn elge kóshiremiz dep jos­par­lap otyrmyz. Jәne de eki elding ru­haniy-mәdeny baylanysy jaqyn. Óit­keni tarihy toghysularymyz da kóp bol­ghan. Byltyrghy jyly Abaydyng ólen­­derin, qarasózderin parsy tiline au­dardyq. Mú­hammed Shatqam degen aza­­ma­ty­myz­dyng arqasynda. Oghan el­shilik múryn­dyq bolyp, baspadan shy­ghar­dyq. Al­da­ghy uaqytta biraz jos­par­la­rymyz bar. Jalpy, Parsy elindegi qan­das­tarymyz qaghaju kórip jatqan joq.

Parsy kilemi qazaqy qolda

Qyzylbastar elindegi qandastarymyz arada talay uaqyt ótse de ana tilderin úmytpaghandarymen qosa, salt-dәstýri men әdet-ghúrpyn berik ústanghan. Qazaqtardyng túrmysynda qolónerdin, әsirese kilemning orny bólek. Kez kelgen qandasymyzdyng ýii­ne kirseniz, qyz-kelinshekterding qoly­nan shyqqan kilemderdi kóresiz. Qyzdyng ja­­­sa­uynda mindetti týrde birneshe kilem bo­lady. Búl jaqta qyzdar kilemderin óz­de­ri to­qyp, әzirleydi. Dәstýrge ainalghan ki­lem toqu ýrdisin qazaq qyz-kelinshekteri ara­­synda kәsip etken sheberler de óte kóp.

- Kilemdi ózimiz ýshin toqimyz. Ony toqugha 40 kýndey uaqyt ketedi. Tórt qyz enbektenedi. Áriyne, kilemning ma­shiy­namen toqylghan, bazarda dayyn satylatyndary da bar ghoy. Biraq bizge osy dәstýrdi óltirmes ýshin ózimiz toqimyz. Bir ókinishtisi, bizding qyz­da­ry­myz ózderining jasaularyna ki­lem­­di óz­deri toqidy, al myna ne­me­relerimiz búl dәstýrden jyraqtap ba­ra­dy, - dep qynjylys bildirdi Toy­jan Bә­liy­qyzy.

Qazirde әlem boyynsha parsy kilem­de­rining bәsi basym. 10 jylgha juyq to­qy­la­tyny, úzyndyghy birneshe ondaghan metrge sozylatyny da bar. Al baghasy - bir­neshe ýiding qúny bolady. Neghúrlym úzaq toqyp, talyqpay ter tókken qy­zyl­bastar múnday enbegin 200 myng dollargha de­yin baghalaydy. Kóz jaynatqan kilemning ót­pey qalyp jatqany jәne joq.

Ras, Iran qazaqtarynyng bir toby Qazaqstan Tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizgen son, odan beride eki mynynshy jyldar­dyng basynda óz kýshterimen jәne Qazaq­stannyng tikeley qoldauymen kindikteri baylanghan Otanyna orala bastady. Olardyng ara­syn­da qolynan óner tamghan qyz-kelin­shek­ter barshylyq. Endigide osy sheber­ler­ding basyn biriktirip, ar­na­yy óndiris oryndaryn ashsa - aldaghy ua­qytta qazaqy qol kilemning tórden yghy­syp, bosaghadan oryn teppeuine ýles qo­sar edi. Sonday-aq últtyq qolónerding ýlgisi retinde qoldan kilem toqityn sheberlerdi saqtap qalugha, shәkirtter tәrbiyeleuge jol ashugha mým­kin­dik tuar edi-au degen oy Bander-e týr­ki­men­nen úzap ketkenshe maza bermedi.

Aqbóbek pen Qayyp: ghashyqtar ghazaly

Manghystau jerinde bolghan adam min­detti týrde Aqbóbek pen Qayyptyng gha­shyq­tyq jyrynan, qapaly ómirinen syr sher­tetin qissa-dastannyng birneshe nús­qa­syn estiydi. Aqbóbek arugha ghashyq bolghan zer­ger Qayyp mahabbat dertinen aqyngha ai­nalady. Tau men tasqa, sayraghan qús ýni­ne Aqbóbek esimin qosyp shyrqaydy. Ýsh mәr­te alyp qashyp, amalsyzdan babalar ke­­simine moyynsúnyp, ghashyghynan aiy­ryl­ghan qayran Qayyp týrkimen jerinde kóz júmghan eken. Al Gorgandaghy qazaqtar auy­lyna kelin bolyp týsken Aqbóbek otas­qan jarymen tatu-tәtti ómir sýrip, ýbirli-shýbirli bolsa da, Qayypqa degen sezimin suyt­pay, óler aldynda Qayyptyng qo­lynan shyqqan jýzik-bilezigine qarap ja­typty. «Qayyptan qalghan qayran dý­niyeler... IYisi Manghystau biletin Aqbóbek edim ghoy. Sýiegime týskender alsyn, kóz­derindey kórip jýrsin. Alla shyn gha­shyq­tardy ana dýniyede qosady deushi edi ghoy. Qayyppen sol jaqta jýzdesermin. Aq­bóbek pen Qayyptyng esimi әrqashan qatar ai­tylady» degen eken auyryp jatqan sәtinde.

Aqbóbekting ómirden ozghanyna alpys jylgha juyqtapty. Toqsannyng beseuine kelgen Jәngir Kórpe aqsaqal «Aqbóbekting kózin kórdik qoy. Óte symbatty, ójet, ór edi» dep eske alady. Ótken ghasyrdyng or­tasynda Gorgan qalashyghynyng shetkeri túsynda qazaq qauymshylyghy bolghan eken. Uaqyt ótip, zamana bederi qalynday týs­­kende qala aumaghy keneyip, shetkeri túr­ghan qazaq qauymshylyghy qalanyng qaq or­ta­synda qalyp qoyady. Aqbóbekting sý­yegi sol arada. Jergilikti biylik әu basta sol jerdi týzep, qala salmaqshy bolghan. Biraq qazaqtyng bas kótererleri jogharygha sózin ótkizip, ol jerdi ýy saludan aman alyp qalypty. Esesine, jergilikti biylik ol jerge aghash otyrghyzyp, parkke ainal­dy­rypty. Sol parkting ishinde Aqbóbekting be­yiti bar deydi aqsaqaldar. Basyna eki aghash otyrghyzylghan. Sol eki aghash - belgi ispet­tes. Osydan eki jyl búryn Aqtaudan aza­mat­tar kelip, Aqbóbekting basyna mazar túr­ghyzugha aqyldasyp, maqúldasyp tara­sypty. Qazir qandastarymyz sol aza­mat­tardyng jolyna ýmitpen qarap jýr.

Darhan Beysenbekúly, Almaty - Tehran - Gorgan - Almaty

Suretter:

2. Kilem toqityn ismer qazaq әielderi

3. Álemdi jaulaghan parsy kilemi

4. Bander-e Týrikmendegi qara bazar

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