Erkebúlan Álimhanúly. Týrik diny aghymdary turaly ne bilemiz?
Qazaqstanda arab diny aghymy uahabshylar turaly kóp aitylyp ta jazylyp ta jýr. Biraq olardyng islam әlemindegi basty bәsekelesi týrik tarikattary men jamaghattary turaly mәlimetter óte az. Sondyqtan Týrkiyadan kelgen diny aghymdargha toqtala ketudi jón kórdik.
1923 jyly Mústafa Kemal Atatýrik Týrkiya Respublikasyn jariyalady. Atatýrik, Osman imperiyasynyng damymay qalu sebebin shyghysytyq dәstýrmen jәne dinmen baylanystyrdy. Sondyqtan jana qúrylghan memleketting zayyrly boluyn jәne damyghan Batys memleketterinen ýlgi alyp olarmen tyghyz baylanys qúruyn qalady. Din memleketten bólinip, dindarlardyng memleket isterine aralasuyn shektedi. Atatýrikten keyin memleket basshylyghyna kelgen Ismet IYnóný, búl reformany odan ary qaray terendetti. Osy kezende dinge qatysty tómendngidey ýlken sheshimder qabyldandy:
- Qúrandy oqytugha tiym salyndy;
- Memleket astanasy Ankaragha oramal taqqan qyz-kelinshekterding kirui shekteldi;
- Azan-týrikshe aitylatyn boldy tb.
Jogharydaghy ýkimge baghynghysy kelmegen din qayratkerleri qudalandy. Múnday sayasattan keyin birneshe ghasyr boyy eng ýlken tarikattar bolyp kelgen diny aghymdardyng kóbi joyyldy nemese joyylugha shaq qaldy.
Memleketting búl sayasatyna qaramay jasyryn jýrip nemese astyrtyn halyqqa dindi týsindirumen, oqytumen ainalysqan túlghalar boldy. Osy túlghalardyng sonynan erushiler Týrkiyada jana jamaghattardyng negizin qalady.
Qazaqstanda arab diny aghymy uahabshylar turaly kóp aitylyp ta jazylyp ta jýr. Biraq olardyng islam әlemindegi basty bәsekelesi týrik tarikattary men jamaghattary turaly mәlimetter óte az. Sondyqtan Týrkiyadan kelgen diny aghymdargha toqtala ketudi jón kórdik.
1923 jyly Mústafa Kemal Atatýrik Týrkiya Respublikasyn jariyalady. Atatýrik, Osman imperiyasynyng damymay qalu sebebin shyghysytyq dәstýrmen jәne dinmen baylanystyrdy. Sondyqtan jana qúrylghan memleketting zayyrly boluyn jәne damyghan Batys memleketterinen ýlgi alyp olarmen tyghyz baylanys qúruyn qalady. Din memleketten bólinip, dindarlardyng memleket isterine aralasuyn shektedi. Atatýrikten keyin memleket basshylyghyna kelgen Ismet IYnóný, búl reformany odan ary qaray terendetti. Osy kezende dinge qatysty tómendngidey ýlken sheshimder qabyldandy:
- Qúrandy oqytugha tiym salyndy;
- Memleket astanasy Ankaragha oramal taqqan qyz-kelinshekterding kirui shekteldi;
- Azan-týrikshe aitylatyn boldy tb.
Jogharydaghy ýkimge baghynghysy kelmegen din qayratkerleri qudalandy. Múnday sayasattan keyin birneshe ghasyr boyy eng ýlken tarikattar bolyp kelgen diny aghymdardyng kóbi joyyldy nemese joyylugha shaq qaldy.
Memleketting búl sayasatyna qaramay jasyryn jýrip nemese astyrtyn halyqqa dindi týsindirumen, oqytumen ainalysqan túlghalar boldy. Osy túlghalardyng sonynan erushiler Týrkiyada jana jamaghattardyng negizin qalady.
Býgingi kýni Týrkiyada eng keng taralghan jamaghat Sayd Núr Seytting jolyn ústaushylar. Jamaghattyng negizin qalaghan Sayd Núr Seyt (1878-1960) «Risale-y Núr» (Núrdan hattar) kitaptar jinaghynyng avtory. Osy jinaqty negizge ala otyryp júmys jasaytyn búl jamaghat bylayghy qauymgha «Núrshylar» atymen tanymal. Búl jamaghatty ústaushylar qazirgi tanda әlemning kóptegen elderine jayylyp ýlgerdi. Degenmen jamaghat óz ishinde birneshe tarmaqtargha aiyrylghan. Búl tarmaqtardyng sany onshaqty bolyp tabylady. Búl tarmaqtardyng ishinde eng tanymaly jәne keng auqymda júmys jasap jatqany Múhammed Fethullah Gýlen jetekshiligindegi top. Músylman әlemining artta qalu sebebi bilim men ghylymda kenjelep qaluynda dep týsinetin Gýlen toby bilim salasynda jýrgizgen júmystarymen tanymal. Ózderining qyzmeti jýrgen barlyq elde bilim ordalaryn ashuda, jamaghattyng júmysyn solar arqyly jýrgizude. Qazaqstandaghy qazaq-týrik liyseyleri de osy jamaghattyng bilim oshaqtary bolyp tabylady. Álemning jýzden astam elderinde mektepter ashqan búl jamaghat jylda Týrkiyada dәstýrli «týrik tili olimpiadalaryn» ótkizedi.
Pantýrkizmdi jәne panislamizmdi uaghyzdaydy dep Núr jamaghaty Resey Federasiyasynda tiym salynghan. Sonday-aq Ózbekstan biyligi de búl jamaghatqa qyryn qaraydy.
Qyzmeti men taralu auqymy jaghynan Núrshylarmen bәsekelese alatyn jamaghat Sýleyman Hilmy Tunahan (1888-1959) jolyn ústanushy «Sýleymanshylar» bolyp tabylady. Jamaghat ghasyrlar toghysynda ekige aiyrylghan bolatyn. Onyng sebebi aghayyndy Arif Ahmet pen Mehmet Tenizúldarynyng jamaghat liyderligine talasuynda bolsa kerek. Osylaysha eki qoly qalyptasqanymenen bir tarmaghy әlsiz, júmysyn tek Týrkiya dengeyinde jýrgizip keledi. Al ekinshi tarmaghy bolsa qyzmetin qaryshty damytuda. Medrese jýiesi negizinde júmys jasaytyn búl jamaghattyng da qyzmeti әlemning jýzge juyq elderine jayylghan.
Jogharydaghy eki jamaghattan basqa Týrkiyada Nakshy jolyn ústaudy jalghastyrushylar bar, sonymen birge negizin Mahmút Ústaosmanúly qalaghan «Mahmútshylar», songhy jyldary kópshilikke Harun Yahiya degen atpen tanylghan Adnan Oktardyng sonynan erushilermen taghy basqa jamaghattar bar. Biraq búl jamaghattar jogharydaghy jamaghattar siyaqty keng taramaghan.
Jogharydaghy jamaghattardyng barlyghynyng derlik býgin Týrkiyada biylikte otyrghan AK partiyamen (Ádilet jәne Damu partiyasy) araqatynasy jaqsy. Tipti týrik solshyldarynyng arasynda búl partiyany biylikke alyp kelgen Núrshylar jamaghaty degen pikirler de bar. Biraq Sýleymanshylar jamaghatynyng keng taraghan tarmaghy men partiyanyng arasynda qayshylyq shyqqan bolatyn, kerisinshe ekinshi tarmaghy partiyamen tyghyz baylanysty jәne jetekshisi AK partiyanyng parlamenttegi fraksiyasynyng mýshesi.
Jogharyda atap ótken tiymdardyng kóbi 1950-shi jyldary alyp tastalghanymen olardyng ornyn keybir júmsaghyraq tiymdar almastyrghan. Sondyqtan Týrkiya jamaghattary ózderin erkin sezine almaydy. 1990 jyldary Túrghyt Ózaldyng liyberaldyq reformalarynan keyin jamaghattargha qysym azayghan bolatyn, biraq artynan jasalghan әskery tónkeristen keyin qysym qayta kýsheydi. Tek biylikke islamshyl delinetin AK partiya kelgennen keyin ghana jamaghattar ózderin qaytadan erkin sezine bastady, biraq zanda jasalynghan tiymdar әli alynbaghandyqtan (ol ýshin ata zang ózgerui kerek) olar júmystaryn әli de ashyq jýrgize almay keledi.
Týrik jamaghattary Saud Arabiyalyq uahabshylar siyaqty bay emes. Olardyng qarjylyq mýmkindigi shekteuli. Negizgi qarjylandyrushylary qarapayym júmysshydan ýlken kәsipkerlerge deyingi aralyqtaghy adamdar bolyp tabylady. Olardyng barlyghy tabystarynyng belgili bóligin zeket, qayyrymdylyq, qúrban retinde ózderi baylanghan jamaghattargha audaryp otyrady. Sonymen birge jamaghattar jaghdayy tómen jastargha jatyn oryn, stiypendiya taghy basqamen qarjylay kómek berip olargha dindi ýiretedi әri oquyn bitiruge kómektesedi. Oqu bitirip tabys taba bastaghan jas odan keyin ómir boyy jamaghatyna kómektesip otyrady. Búl jýie týrik jamaghattarynda jaqsy jolgha qoyylghan.
Qazaqstanda jogharyda aty atalghan jamaghattardyng kóbining tipti olardyng tarmaqtarynyng da ortalyqtary bar. Olar Qazaqstannyng barlyq aimaghynda derlik jayylghan deuge bolady. Týrik jamaghattaryna baylanghan adamdardyng sany uahabshylardan men yassauishylardan kem bolmauy mýmkin. Biraq Týrkiyadaghy tiymdardan sabaq alghan olar tynysh júmys jýrgizedi jәne ózderin qogham ókilderinen bóle-jaryp ústamaydy. Eger intelliygensiya ókilderining arasynda taraluyn salystyrsaq onda olardyng sany tipti uahabshylarmen yassauiyshilerden de kóp boluy mýmkin. Sebebi týrik jamaghattarynyng bilim salasynda kóbirek júmys isteytinin jogharyda atap óttik. Qazirding ózinde baqylap qaraghan adamgha týrik jamaghattaryna júmys jasaytyn media men baspahanalardy, iri BAQ qúraldarynyng jurnalisterin ajyratu qiyn emes.
Al endi búl arab, týrik, parsy, pәkistandyq jamaghattardyng arasyndaghy basty aiyrmashylyq ne degen súraqqa kelsek. Týrik jamaghattarynyng uahabshylardan basty diny aiyrmashylyghy búlarda da әruaqty qúrmetteu bar. Búl, islam dinin orta ghasyrda qabyldaghan týrki halyqtarynyng jana dindi ózderining dәstýrine sәikestendiruimen baylanysty bolsa kerek. Yaghny halyqtardyng arasyndaghy salt-dәstýr ereksheligi әr halyqtyng islamdy ózderine tәn etip aluyna sebep bolghan siyaqty. Búlardyng arasyndaghy negizgi diny aiyrmashylyqtardy teologtarymyz ajyratyp berer, biz sayasy astaryn aqtaryp kórdik. Basty sayasy aiyrmashylyq, ol, bolashaq haliftta kim gegemon bolady degen talas siyaqty. Islam әleminde uahabshylar Saud әuletining ýstem bolghanyn qalaydy, týrik jamaghattary Osman imperiyasy túsyndaghy gegemondyqty, parsy aghymdary búrynghy Parsy imperiyasynyng óktemdigin, Pәkistannan kelgender ózderining iydeologiyasyna negizdelgen halifat qúryluyn kózdeydi.
«Abay-aqparat»