akademik Nyghmet Sauranbaev turaly

Qazaq til bilimining barlyq salasynda óshpes izi qalghan, onyng negizgi teoriyalyq baghyt-baghdaryn anyqtap, irgetasyn qalasugha ýlesin qosqan sanauly sanlaqtardyng biri - Nyghmet Tinәliúly Sauranbaev. Onyng qazaq tili damuynyng ózekti mәselelerin sheshude bayqalatyn ghylymiy-teoriyalyq óresi kýni býginde de jolbasshylyq baghytynan tómendemey kele jatqanyn kóremiz. Órbitilgen oi-pikirining ómirshendigi men qúndylyghyn til bilimpazdary әli kýnge sezinude.

akademik Nyghmet Sauranbaev turaly

Qazaq til bilimining barlyq salasynda óshpes izi qalghan, onyng negizgi teoriyalyq baghyt-baghdaryn anyqtap, irgetasyn qalasugha ýlesin qosqan sanauly sanlaqtardyng biri - Nyghmet Tinәliúly Sauranbaev. Onyng qazaq tili damuynyng ózekti mәselelerin sheshude bayqalatyn ghylymiy-teoriyalyq óresi kýni býginde de jolbasshylyq baghytynan tómendemey kele jatqanyn kóremiz. Órbitilgen oi-pikirining ómirshendigi men qúndylyghyn til bilimpazdary әli kýnge sezinude.

Ózgeshe talapshyldyqpen ómir boyy oqu izdep, bilim, ghylymnyng órine talpynghan ghalymnyng ómir joly men shygharmashylyghy ónegelik mәnge toly. Ol 1910 jyly shilde aiynda Qorday asuyndaghy Yrghayty ózenining boyynda ornalasqan Sharbaqty selosynda (búrynghy atauy «Birlik») dýniyege kelgen.
Nyqang jas shaghynda auyl moldasynan eskishe sauat ashqan desedi. 15 jasynda Qasyq selolyq orta mektebinde oqidy. Negizgi bilimdi osynda alady. Ol alghan bilimin jalghastyrghysy kelip, Almatygha attanady. 1925 jyly jogharghy-aghartu institutynyng dayyndyq kursyna týsip, onda 3 jyl oqidy da, 1928 jyly sol instituttyng negizgi kursyna auysady, yaghny onyng shyn mәnisindegi student retinde qabyldanuy - osy jyl. Jas talaptyng bilimge degen ynta-yqylasyn osydan-aq aiqyn angharugha bolady.
Kelesi 1929 jyly institut Qostanaygha kóshedi. N.Sauranbaev újymmen birge kóship, sol institutty ol 1932 jyly 22 jasynda bitirip shyghady. Mine, osy jyldan bylay qaray onyng qoghamdyq-pedagogikalyq ómir joly bastalady. Ol әueli Halyq Aghartu Komissariatynda inspektor bolyp qyzmet atqara bastaydy (1932-1934 j.j.). Búdan song Vinnisa qalasynda әskery boryshyn óteydi. Sonda jýrgenning ózinde tynymsyz izdenumen bolady. Bilimin jetildire týsu maqsatymen syrttay dayyndalyp, Mәskeuding Gersen atyndaghy Memlekettik pedagogikalyq instituty filologiya fakulitetine syrttay týsip oqidy. Áskery mindetin de mýltiksiz atqarady. Tipti pulemetshiler vzvodynyng komandiyri retinde (1937 j.) kishi leytenant әskery ataghyna ie bolady.
N.Sauranbaevtyng enbekqorlyghyna tandanasyz. 1935 jyly atalghan instiy­tuttyng I jәne II kurstarynyng ekeuine qatar emtihan tapsyryp, III kurs studenti bolady. Dәl osy joly ol RSFSR Oqu-aghartu Komissariatynyng janyndaghy Ghylymiy-zertteu institutynyng Leningrad bólimshesi aspiranturasyna týsedi.
Ol osylay oqumen arpalysa jýrip, qazaq tilining qily-qily mәselelerine kónil bóle bastaydy. 1939 jyly Halyq Komissariattar Kenesining janyndaghy Terminologiyalyq Komiytetting ghylymy hatshysy bolyp qyzmet atqarady. Búl qazaq әdeby tilinde jana ómir talabyna oray tuyndap jatqan san aluan sózjasam men sóz qoldanystardyng qaptap tuyndap jatqan kezeni bolatyn. Jas maman N.Sauranbaevtyng búl ýderisten tys qala almaghany ayan.
Respublikadaghy oqu isin jaqsartugha baylanysty júmystardyng qay-qaysysy da N.Sauranbaevtyng nazarynda túrdy. Ásirese, orta mektep pen peduchiy­liyshelerding oqu josparlary boyynsha jasalyp jatqan oqulyqtargha aralasty. Al búl oqulyqtardyng qúrylys materialy - atau sózder, termindik ataular әli jýie esebinde qalyptasa qoymaghany mәlim. N.Sauranbaevtyng búl mәselelerge atsalysuy tabighy qajettilik edi.
Jalpy, N.Sauranbaevtyng ómir joly qoghamda bolyp jatqan ýderistermen qa­tar­lasa qisyndasa damyp otyrghan tәrizdi. 1941 jyly Kenester Odaghy Ghylym akademiyasynyng Qazaq filialy úiymdastyryldy. Sol filialdyng Til, әde­biyet jәne tarih instituttarynyng túnghysh diyrektory bolyp N.Sauranbaev bekitildi. Al jana úiymdasyp otyrghan búl ghylymy mekemening atqarylar isi úshan-teniz bolatyn. Osy tirlikke ol bar mýmkindigin, qajyr-qayratyn júmsady. Til, әdebiyet, tarih últtyng últtyq bolmysynyng ýsh taghany, ýsh negizi, yaghny ýsh tiregi emes pe? Osyny tereng týsingen N.Sauranbaevtyng sol kezdegi atqarghan isterin saralap, baghalap shyghu tipti de onaygha týspeydi. Eng aldymen, búl salalar boyynsha kadr irikteu, jýieli de irgeli ghylymy josparlar týzu, olardyng sapaly júmys isteui tәrizdi qyruar sharuanyng basy-qasynda bolghan N.Sauranbaevtyng búl kezdegi atqarghan isteri zor edi.
Jana bel alyp jatqan zertteu júmystarynyng sapasyn arttyryp, mazmún-mәnin terendetu ýshin qanshama kýsh-jiger ortagha salynyp, jospar týzildi, baghyt-baghdar jasaldy. Osy is-tirlikting jýieli jýrgiziluine septigi mol bolghan. «KSRO Ghylym akademiyasy Qazaq filialynyng Habarshysy» atty ghylymy jurnaldyng «Til jәne Ádebiyet» seriyasyn úiymdastyryp, onyng der kezinde, qajetti materialdardyng jýieli shyghyp túruyn qadaghalaghan da, basshylyq jasaghan da - N.Sauranbaev.
1936 jyly qazaqtyng «Últ mәdeniyeti» instituty úiymdastyrylyp, onyng qúramyna til mamandary, әdebiyetshiler jәne tarihshylar engizilgen bolatyn. Jogharyda atalghan institut osynyng negizinde qúrylghan. Al keyin 1946 jyly tarih óz aldyna jeke mekemege ainalady da, Til men Ádebiyet óz aldyna institut atandy. Til mamandary men әdebiyetshiler 1961 jyly ghana jeke-jeke institut bolyp bólinip shyqty.
Jogharyda aitylghandardan biz N.Sau­ranbaevtyng izdenis joldary men ghylymy úiymdastyru júmystaryn kóremiz. Sonymen qatar ol ghylymiy-zertteu jú­mystarymen de ýzdiksiz aina­lysyp otyr­ghan. Onyng eng alghashqy aituly enbegi retinde 1940 jyly jariyalanghan «Qazaq tilindegi kósemshelerding seman­tikasy men funksiyalary» deytin kó­lemdi kitabyn ataugha bolady. Enbek orys tilinde jazylghan túnghysh monografiya edi. Leningradtaghy N.Ya.Marr atyndaghy Til men oilau instituty N.Sauranbaevqa osy enbegi ýshin filologiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty degen ghylymy dәreje beredi. Qoljazba negizinde «Qazaq tilindegi kósemsheler» degen atpen 1940 jyly jariyalanady da, ol keyinirek 1944 jyly orys tiline audarylyp qayta basylghan.
N.T.Sauranbaev ghylymy izdenisti odan ary terendete týsedi. 1943 jyly «Qazaq tilindegi qúrmalas sóilemder jýiesi» degen taqyryp boyynsha doktorlyq dissertasiya jazyp bitirip, ony qorghap shyghady. Sonda qazaq til biliminen doktorlyq qorghaghan toptyng bastauynda osy Nyqang túrghany anyq.
Ghylymnyng damuy qoghamnyng damuyna oray órbiytini belgili. Qazaqstan jaghdayynda da osy qúbylysty ýzdiksiz bayqap otyrugha bolady. Respublikanyng ghylymiy-mәdeny ómiri damy kele, 1946 jyly Qazaq KSR Ghylym akademiyasyn qúrugha alyp keldi. N.Sauranbaev tәrizdi zerdeli ghalym búl ghylymy ómirden tys qalmaghany mәlim. Akademiyanyng alghashqy sessiyasynda ol akademiyanyng tolyq mýshesi bolyp saylandy. Últtyq akademiyanyng qúramyna engen sol kezdegi túlghalardyng tórteui qoghamdyq ghylym ókilderi edi. Atap aitqanda: jazushy, әdebiyet zertteushisi M.O.Áuezov, kompozitor, muzyka zertteushisi A.Q.Júbanov, lingvist týrkitanushylar N.T.Sauranbaev jәne S.K.Kenesbaev.
Osydan alpys bes jylday búryn ashylghan Últtyq Ghylym akademiyasy respublika tarihynda tarihy mәni airyqsha iri oqighanyng biri bolyp qaldy. Mine, osy tarihy oqighalardyng basy-qasynda N.T.Sauranbaevtyng boluy, onyng qanshalyqty iri túlgha ekeninen habar berse kerek. Ol qoghamdyq ghylymdar bólimining akademiyk-hatshysy (kezindegi atauy - tóraghasy) qyzmetine taghayyndalady. Ári prezidium mýshesi retinde qoghamdyq ghylymdar salasy boyynsha san aluan tirlikting bastamashysy boldy. Naqtyly júmystar men keleli mindetter turaly maqalalar jazdy, talqylaular ótkizdi, oigha jeteler sózder sóiledi. Kýni býginge deyin ýzbey shyghyp kele jatqan «Qazaq KSR Ghylym akademiyasynyng Habarshysy» (qoghamdyq ghylymdar seriyasy) sol kezde N.T.Sauranbaevtyng jetekshiligimen shygha bastaghan bolatyn. Qoghamdyq ghylym­dar salasy boyynsha atqarylar qanshama júmystar osy jurnal betinde jariyalanyp otyrdy. Sóitip, qoghamdyq ghylymdardyng damu arnalary qalyptasa bastady.
1951 jyly N.T.Sauranbaev Qazaq KSR Ghylym akademiyasynyng viyse-preziydenti bolyp saylanady. Respub­lika aumaghyndaghy qoghamdyq ghylymdar auqymyndaghy zertteu júmystarynyng bәri akademik N.T.Sauranbaevtyng basqaruyna ótedi, yaghny búl kezde jasalghan júmystardyng bәrinde N.Sauranbaev qalamynyng taby jatyr.
1956-1958 jyldary N.T.Sauranbaev qazaq tilining әli onsha zerttele qoymaghan til tarihy men dialektologiyasyna zeyin qoya bastaghanyn kóremiz. Osy eki sala bo­yynsha zertteu jýrgizip, maman tәrbiyeleu maqsatymen bólim basqarady. Atalghan mәselelerge arnap keleli maqalalar jazady. Bólim qyzmetkerlerin kýrdeli mәselelerdi qarastyrugha júmyldyrady.
N.Sauranbaev, negizinen, ghylymdy úiymdastyrushy naghyz ghalym retinde qalyptasqanyn bayqaymyz. Sonymen birge onyng ústazdyq ónegesin de esten shygharugha bolmaydy. Ol búl kәsibin 1932 jyldan bastap, ómirining sonyna deyin ýzbey jalghastyrghan. Eng әueli, ol mektep oqushylary jәne oqytushylargha arnap oqulyqtar jazady. Pedagogikalyq mekemeler kenesterin basqarady. Al 1938 jyldan joghary oqu oryndarynda dәris oqyp, dosent, professor qyzmetterin atqarady, kafedra mengeredi.
Ol ghylymiy-pedagogikalyq qyzmetti atqara jýrip, qogham ómirine belsene aralasugha da uaqyt tabady. N.Sauran­baevtyng osynday qayratkerlik qabiletining bayqalghanynan boluy kerek, ol 1950 jyly Býkilodaqtyq beybitshilikti jaqtaushylar komiytetining mýshesi bolyp saylanady. Beybitshilik jaqtaushylardyng Ýndistanda ótken konferensiyasyna qatysyp (1947 j.), qazaq halqynyng atynan sóz sóileydi. Ýndistan halqynyng ómiri jayynda kitapsha jazady. Ol Dely men Agrada, Allahabad pen Kalikuttada júrtshylyq aldynda sóz sóilep, Madras, Haydarabad Basra, t.b. jer­lerde bolyp, qazaq elining jaghdayyn bayan­daydy. Iran, Irak elderinde de bolady.
1954 jyly N.Sauranbaev shyghystanu­shy­lardyng býkil dýniyejýzilik HHIII kongresine qatysyp, bayandama jasaydy. Kongress Londonda ótken. Ol res­publikadaghy ghylym men bilimge qatysty ótkizilip jatatyn sharalardyng birde-birinen qalys qalmaghan. Áldeneshe ghy­lymy kenesterding mýshesi retinde kýn­delikti ghylymy ómirding bәrine qolma-qol aralasyp otyrdy. Terminologiyalyq komiy­tet­ting júmysyna qatynasty. Birneshe gazet, jurnaldyng redaksiya alqasynda boldy.
Zamandastary N.Sauranbaevtyng joghary mәdeniyetting adamy bolghanyn aitady. Ásirese, onyng ishki mәdeniyeti men erudisiyasyna I.IY.Meshaninov, N.K.Dmitriyev, S.E.Malov, N.V.iyshmanov tәrizdi orystyng әigili ghalymdary tәnti bolghanyn eske alady. N.Sauranbaev ústanghan etikalyq normanyng joghary ekenin onyng barynsha әdil, turashyl bolghanynan bayqaymyz. Ol jas mamandargha kenes beruden jalyqpaydy eken. Talqylau, pikiralysu jinalystaryna jii qatysyp, әrdayym qadaghalap otyratyn bolghan. Ol - ýlkendi syilap, kishige qamqor bola bilgen jan. Joldastaryna adal, qatardaghy adamnyng birindey qarym-qatynas jasaytyn qarapayym qalpynan ainymay ótken jan bolsa kerek.
N.T.Sauranbaev 1958 jyly qarasha aiynda nebary 48 jasynda dýniyeden ótti. Onyng artynda ólmes múrasy, úmy­tylmas ýlgi-ónegesi, ony qadir tútyp, qa­siyet sanaytyn shәkirtteri, shәkirt­te­rining shәkirtteri qaldy. Onyng ghylymy mú­rasyn baghalay biletin qanshama mamandar bar. N.Sauranbaev múrasyn qas­ter­ley biluding bir dәleli - ol kisining tayau­­da100 jyldyghynyng atalyp ótui. Ende­she, qazaq til bilimi órkendep túrghanda N.T.Sau­ranbaevtyng esimi úmytylmaq emes.

Ómirzaq AYTBAYÚLY,
A.Baytúrsynúly atyndaghy Til bilimi
institutynyng bas ghylymiy
qyzmetkeri, filologiya
ghylymdarynyng doktory,
professor, ÚGhA akademiygi

http://anatili.kz/?p=5602