Qytaydyng otyz alty qulyghy
Qytay memleketining ailasy turaly "Zamana" gazetinde tanymdyq maqala jariyalanypty. Abai.kz aqparattyq portalynyng oqyrmandar kórshi elding aila-sharghylarymen tanys bola jýrsin degen niyetpen atalmysh maqalany oqyrman nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz.
Abai.kz aqparattyq portaly
Keyingi kezderi Qazaqstannyng Qytaymen qarym-qatynasy terendep keledi. Al bizding búl el turaly biletinimizden bilmeytinimiz kóp. Al kóbirek bile jýrsek, odan payda kórmesek, ziyan shege qoymaspyz. Negizinen ejelden kele jatqan búl alyp elding qúpiyalary az emes. Solardyng biri – «Qytaydyng 36 ailasy». Tayauda ghalamtorda ol turaly bir azamattyng erkin audarmamen jazghan dýniyesi jariyalanypty. Oqyp kórdik. Sosyn ony oqyrman nazaryna yqshamdap úsynudy úighardyq.
...«Otyz alty aila» («Qytaydyng 36 qulyghy» dep te atalady) – әuel basta soghysta, sosyn sayasatta, mәdeniyette, ekonomikada, túrmysta qoldanylghan qulyq-súmdyqtar toptamasy. Ol sonymen birge adamdardyng jeke qarym-qatynastarynda, kóp jaghdayda aldamshy nemese qalyptan tys әdisterge sýiene otyryp birqatar aila-sharghylardy qoldanu turaly qytay tilinde jazyl¬ghan arnauly shygharma. Ony zamanymyzdyng V ghasyrynda, Qytaydyng Lu Sun patshalyghy zamanynda Tan Dao¬szy degen әigili generaly ejelgi kitaptardaghy qytay qulyq-súmdyqtaryn jinaqtap, ózining soghys amaldaryn qorytu arqyly jazyp qaldyrghan.
«Soghys ataulynyng biri ghana soghys, toghyzy qulyq» degen sóz bar. «Soghysta úyat bolmaydy» degen de pikir bar. «Otyz alty aila» kezinde arnauly týrde soghys ýshin oilastyrylghan qaranghy amal-tәsilder esepteledi. Onda etikalylyq, adamgershilik eskerilmegen. Kóbinese soghystyng maqsaty jenu eken, endeshe jeniske alyp barghan kez kelgen tәsil dúrys tәsil degenge negizdelgen. Áriyne, búl aila-sharghylar qazir tek soghysta ghana qolda¬nylmaydy, ol kez-kelgen salada, kýndelikti túrmysta, sayasatta, ekonomikada, saudada, sportta, adam aralyq baylanysta qoldanylady. Ár últtyng ózindik «36 qulyghy» bar, tek ishindegi eng jýieli jәne ónimdisi qytaydiki bolsa kerek. Áriyne, qulyqty bilu qu bolu ýshin emes, eng manyzdysy qulyqqa tótep beru ýshin, eng bir sәtsiz kezde qiyndyqtan shyghu ýshin, jamandyqpen kýresu ýshin, sol qulyqtardyng ózine tótep beru ýshin bolmaq. Qazirgi әlemdegi teketirester men bәseke-lestikterde, tipti qaqtyghystarda osy qytay 36 qulyghynyng izi bayqalady.
Qytaydyng otyz alty ailasynyng negizgi mazmúny men maghynasy tómendegidey:
1. Jenu ailalary
Birinshi aila: Aspandy aldap tenizden ótu ailasy – kórinip túryp kórinbeu, yaghny kóz ýirengen nәrsege adam kýdiktenbeydi. Demek, kóz ýirengendey ýirenshikti jal¬ghan kórinis jasau. Qaramaqqa ashyq bolu, biraq sol ashyqtyng tasasynda jeniske aparatyn jabyq qúpiya jasyru.
Ekinshi aila: Birin qútqaryp, birin qorshau ailasy – toptasqan jaudan bólshektengen jau onay. Demek, jauyndy bólshekteu, jauyn¬dy qoldaushylardan aiyru eng basty ereje boluy kerek. Sonday-aq aldymen jaudyng әlsiz tústaryn tal¬qandap, sosyn kýshti bólikterine auysu kerek. Sonday-aq soghys jau¬dyng territoriyasynda boluy¬na qol jetkizuding ózindik manyzy bar.
Ýshinshi aila: Bireuding pyshaghyn qaryzgha alyp adam óltiru ailasy – Basqalardyng qolymen adam óltiru. Óz kýshindi ysyrap etpey, ózgelerdi jauyna qarsy salyp, basqalardyng kýshi arqyly jeniske jetu.
Tórtinshi aila: Jaudy júmys istetip dem alu ailasy – qataldyq pen júmsaqtyqty alma-kezek qoldanyp, jaudy tityqtatyp qúrtu. Búl aila boyynsha qorshaugha týsken jau qorghanamyn dep quatyn sarqidy, sóitip әlsireydi. Sol orayda kýsheyip, yryqsyz kýidi jenu kerek, biraq birden shabuyl¬gha ótpey jaudyng óz-ózinen kýireuin kýtu kerek. Búl jaudy sharshatyp, óz quatyn arttyryp jeniske jetu ailasy esepteledi.
Besinshi aila: Topalanda toqash úrlau ailasy – jauyng bir bәlege úrynyp, qatty qiynshylyqqa úshyraghanda oraydy qalt jibermey maqsatyna jetu. Jyghylghan kezde júdyryqtap ýlgiru, es jidyrmay soqqylau. Jaugha eshqashanda janashyrlyq tanytpau.
Altynshy aila: Shyghystan qylang berip, batystan soqqy beru ailasy – betinde kýlip, qúshaqtap túryp, arqadan pyshaq úru. Onnan bylay, soldan olay shyghu, sóitip jauyndy qaymyqtyru, esin shygharu, aldap torgha týsiru;
«Soghys degen – qulyq degen. Qabiletti bolyp túryp qabiletsiz kórinuing kerek. Qoldanyp túryp qoldanbaghanday boluyng kerek. Jaqyn túryp alys kórinuing kerek. Alys túryp jaqyn kórinuing kerek». (Suni Szy).
2. Jaumen baylanysu ailalary
Jetinshi aila: Joqtan bar jasau ailasy – jalghandy rasqa ainaldyru; ashyq-әshkere kórinip, jal¬ghan kórinis jasap, jaudyng kýdigin arttyryp, sasqalaqtaghan sәtte bas salu.
Segizinshi aila: Kórineu¬de jol jasap, kómeskide kópirden ótu ailasy – jau¬dyng ishine kirip, alyp, ishinen ydyratu, jalghan ósek taratu, bir-birine aidap salu.
Toghyzynshy aila: Qarsy jaghada órtti tamashalau ailasy – eger jaudyng ishinde alauyzdyq órshigen kezde jaugha soqqy bersen, olar alauyzdyqty tastap, saghan qarsy birige bastaydy. Sondyqtan alauyz¬dyq tuylghanda odan alystau kerek, sonda alauyzdyq asqynyp, jau byt-shyt bolady.
Onynshy aila: Kýlkining artyna pyshaq jasyru ailasy – orayy kelmegen kezde barynsha aqkónil, beyshara, anqau, sabyrly bolu, biraq qúpiya týrde barlyq әzirlikti tolassyz jasau, jaghday pisip-jetilgende arystanday aibattanyp shygha kelu.
On birinshi aila: Bir aghashtyng amandyghy ýshin ekinshi aghashty kesu ailasy – ziyan¬dy, jenilisti, sәtsizdikti, jamandyqty paydagha ainaldyra bilu, jamandyqtyn, ziyannyn, óz qateliginning boyynan jaqsylyq pen payda qarastyru.
On ekinshi aila: Ebing kelse eshki jeteleu ailasy – ilik izdeu, azyraq tesik bolsa sonyng kenenine, azyraq jyrtyq bolsa sonyng dal-dúl bolyp jyrtyluyna qol jetkizu. Jaudyng azyraq qateliginen tolyq paydalanu, iyne ótken jerden jip ótkizu.
3. Shabuyl ailalary
On ýshinshi aila: Sabandy sabalap jylandy shoshytu ailasy – jaudy tolyq barlap, baqylap almay iske kirispeu, kýdikti nәrselerdi abaylau, qaqpan basudan saqtanu, әr qadamdy senimdi attau.
On tórtinshi aila: Ólikti tiriltu ailasy – paydalyny tizgindey almasang paydalanba (beline kótere almaytyn shoqpar baylama), paydasyzdy qoldanugha shamang kelse paydalan, eger paydasyzdy tizgindey bilsen, bas¬qalardy da tizgindey bilesin. Paydasyzdan paydaly jasaudyng jolyn bilu kerek.
On besinshi aila: Jolbarysty taudan týsiru ailasy – jaudy ýreylendiru arqyly ózdiginen aldyna keluine qol jetkizu. «Qoryqqangha qos kórinedi» degendi tolyq kәdege jaratu. Jolbarysty tauynan aiyrsang ony soghyp alu onay.
On altynshy aila: Ústau ýshin bosatu ailasy – jau¬dy qashyrsan, onda ony tityqtatyp qu, biraq qayta shabugha mәjbýrleme («Qayta shapqan jau jaman»), jaudyng quatyn sarqugha, sharshatugha tyrys, tiregin búz, sýienishin qúlat, biraq beriluge oray qaldyr, sóitip barar jer, basar tauy qalmaghanda seni jaqtaytyn, baghynatyn bolady.
On jetinshi aila: Kirpishke gauhar aiyrbastau ailasy – ebin tapsan, mysty altyn dep, kirpishti gauhar dep jauyndy aldaugha bolady.
On segizinshi aila: Basshysyn qúrtyp bassyz qaldyru ailasy – jauynnyng negizgi kýshin kýiretkende ghana, basshysyn ústaghanda ghana, tiregin qúlatqanda ghana, kýshin tonaghanda ghana, ruhyn janshyghanda ghana jendim dep esepte.
4. Solaqay ailalar
On toghyzynshy aila: Otty otynnan aiyru ailasy – kýshing jetpese, jaudy eregistirmey, júmsaq ailany qoldan. Júmsaq qattyny, әlsiz kýshtini jenedi. Birden qatty kýshke salu jenisti qiyndatyp, tabysty auyrlatyp jiberedi. Jaudyng negizgi kýshimen aiqaspay, onyng tiregimen, sýieni¬shimen aiqasu, azyq-týlik, qazyna-mýlik, qaru-jaraq, dos-jaran sekildilerin qolgha keltiruge, býldiruge kirisu.
Jiyrmasynshy aila: Sudy shalpyldatyp balyq ústau ailasy – jaudy úlghayt¬paugha, jórgeginde túnshyqtyrugha, әlsiz kezinde oirandaugha, әsirese jau qalaymaqan bolghanda, ishki qayshylyghy asqynyp alasapyran bolghanda basyp alugha tyrysu kerek. Onday jaghdayda olardyng bir býtin jýieli qarsylyghy bolmaydy, birin-biri qúrtady.
«Ózindi de, jauyndy da birdey bilsen, jýzdegen soghysta jenilmeysin. Ózindi ghana bilip, jauyndy bilmeseng bir jenip, bir jenilesin. Ózindi de, jauyndy da bilmesen, onda jýzdegen soghysta týgel jenilesin» (Suni Szy).
Jiyrma birinshi aila: Qabyghyna altyn jalatu ailasy – saltanatty, keremet kórinis jasap jaudy seskendiruge, nazaryn bas¬qagha audarugha, shoshytugha, ýreylendiruge, ózdiginen kelisim jasaugha mәjbýr etuge bolady. Jaudy jyltyraq nәrsemen aldap apanynan shygharugha, jyltyr nәrselermen esin shygharyp, satqyndaryn satyp alugha bolady. Adamdar kórgenine senedi. Kórgeni keremet bolsa jýregi seskenedi, abyrjidy, alandaydy.
Jiyrma ekinshi aila: Esikti bekitip úryny qamau ailasy – eger jaudy qughanda oghan qashyp qútylu orayyn qaldyrsan, onda ol sol oraygha jetu ýshin janyn salyp kýresetin bolady. Eger oghan esh qashyp qútylu jolyn qaldyrmasan, onda ol ústalady. Sondyqtan jaugha jau qosylmasyn deseng jaudy qorshap, qaumalap, shashau shygharmay baghyndyrugha tyrysu kerek, Eger óite alsang onda ony qoya bere sal.
Jiyrma ýshinshi aila: Alyspen syilasyp, jaqynmen shayqasu ailasy – jaghdayyng nashar kezde alyspen, qiynmen aiqaspay, jaqynmen, onaymen aiqas, onaydy, nashardy jensen, kýshing toptalady. Eki jaudyng arasynda bireuine kómek etuge uәde berseng de, uәdendi oryndaugha asyghyp ketpe.
Jiyrma tórtinshi aila: Basyp alu ýshin kómektesu ailasy – úsaq memleketterde qiynshylyq bolghanda olargha kómekti ayamay berip, kómektesu syltauymen ony ózine qosyp jep alu.
5. Jaugha jaqyndau ailalary
Jiyrma besinshi aila: Ýiining dingegin shirigen aghashqa auystyru ailasy – jaudyng úiymdasu әdisin, jospar jýiesin, qúpiya erejelerin búzyp, óz erejesine ózin qayshy etu, olardyng sýiengen tiregin qúpiya auystyru, búl olardyng ónimdi kýresuine kedergi keltiredi.
Jiyrma altynshy aila: Qaraghaygha qarap terekti qarghau ailasy – qaramaqqa A bolyp kórinip, shyntuaytynda V bolyp ómir sýr. Shyndyghyndy syrtyna shyghara berme. Qúpiya nәrseler ýrey tughyzady. Qúpiyalyqtyng ózi ýlken kýsh. Keyde qattyraq sóilep zәresin alyp, qoldauyn qolgha keltir. Layyqty qataldyq pen qorqytu boysúnugha mәjbýr etedi.
Jiyrma jetinshi aila: Baysaldy týrde jyndy kórinu ailasy – ótirik auyrghandar ústalyp qalady, ótirik dirildep-qalshyldaghandar aldap alady.
Jiyrma segizinshi aila: Ýy tóbesine shyghushynyng satysyn qúlatu ailasy – eng manyzdysy jaudyng shabuylshysyn qúrtu, artqy azyq-týlik, qúral-jaraq sekildi negizdik nәrselerinen aiyru. Negizgi tiregin qúrtsang qal¬ghany sening yrqynda.
Jiyrma toghyzynshy aila: Aghash basyna gýl jayqaltu ailasy – ózindi jauyna keremet etip kórsetuing kerek, jalghan kórinis jasau amaly.
Otyzynshy aila: Qonaqty qojayyn etu ailasy – jauyndy tórge shygharyp, aqymaq etu, nemese kerisi, jaudyng tórine shyghyp jaudy aqymaq etu.
6. Jenilgensu ailalary
Otyz birinshi aila: Súlu әielmen azdyru ailasy – súlu әielmen aldau, azdyru, әlsiretu. Ásirese jauyn¬nyng qolbasysyn, sardaryn súlu әiel arqyly azdyryp, eki oily etip, qúpiyasyn úrlap, bólshektep qúrtu.
Otyz ekinshi aila: IYen qaladan qorqytu ailasy – qulyq istep jatqanday, qaramaqqa óte jaybyr kóringensip, qaramaqqa qarsy jaqty qulyqpen qúrtyp jatqanday kórinip, әsirese kýdikshilderge keremet tor qúryp qoyghanday әdeyi sekem aldyryp, al shyntuaytynda qarsy jaqtyng ýreyi men kýdigin órshitip, sol arqyly olardy eki oily etip, tityqtatu.
Otyz ýshinshi aila: Jansyzdy satyp alu ailasy – jansyzdyqty paydalanu, qúrghan túzaghyna jauynnyng týsuine kómektesetin jansyzdardy kóp paydalanu, tipti jauynnyng jansyzdaryn mol aqshagha satyp alyp, týrli joldarmen ózing ýshin jansyz bolugha mәjbýrlep, jau¬dyng josparyn tyghyryqqa tireu.
Otyz tórtinshi aila: Beyshara kórinu ailasy – ózindi qinap, jazalap, beyshara kórinip, sol arqyly senimdiligine kirip alasyng da, ary qaray ishinen irep soya bastaysyn. Aldymen ziyan shekseng de jaqsylyq jasaugha tyrysasyn. Tasyng órge domalap alghan song endi shyn syryndy pash etip, payda beretin jamandyq jasaugha kirisesin.
Otyz besinshi aila: Myng san ailany ózara toghystyru ailasy – bir týrli qulyqty emes, әr aluan qulyqtardy qatar, almastyryp, erkin qoldanu. Qulyghyng piyazday qabat-qabat bol¬ghanda ghana jeniske jetesin. Tek bir týrli qulyqpen shektelu eshqayda aparmaydy.
Otyz altynshy aila: Týk shyqpasa qashyp qútyl ailasy – bәribir jene almaytynyng belgili bolghanda sheginu, boy tasalau, býkil qosyndy saqtap qalu ýshin jol beru kerek. Degenmen keyde qashudyng ózin qulyqqa ainaldyrugha bolady. Mysaly, ótirik sheginip, jaudy qualatyp, jau qualap sharshaghanda, negizgi qosynnan alshaqtaghanda, jenisine masayraghanda, keudesin úryp kekireygende, sauyt-saymanyn sheshkende, qaysarlyghyn әlsiretkende, sergektigin joghaltqanda qayta tap berip tarpa bas salu.
...Jalpy, búl aila-tәsilder turaly Batystyng talay ghalymdary enbekter jazypty. «Stratagema» dep atap, Batys pen Shyghystyng strategiyalyq aila-sharghylarynyng erekshelikterin, bir-birimen salystyrmaly týrdegi artyqshylyq-kemshilikterin taldap kórsetken eken. Oqyp-bilemin degen talapkerler búl jónindegi materialdardy ghalamtordan tabuyna bolady.
Dayyndaghan – T. Túran
Abai.kz