Tómendegi taldau, qazirgi kezdegi Qazaqstanda qalyptasqan sayasy - ekonomikalyq ahualgha qatysty «Dana jol yntaly tobynyn» kózqarasy. Onyng sebepteri men qúrylymynyng qalyptasuy, jәne de osy jýiening bolashaq evolusiyasy men onyng nemen ayaqtalatyny turaly bayandau.

Búl kózqaras: birinshiden, aghylshyn ekonomiysi David Rikardo bastap, keyinnen  Karl Markspen jalghastyrylyp, ayaqtaghan «Enbek teoriyasynyng qúnyna»; ekinshiden, Gegeli men Markstyng «Dialektikalyq materializmine» jýginedi.

Aldymen myna týsinikterding mәnine ýnileyik:

1. Kez-kelgen memlekettik nemese qoghamdyq qúrylym qoghamgha nemese memleketke qajetti barlyq tauarlar men qyzmet týrin jasau tәsiline negizdeledi.

2. Kez-kelgen iydeyalar men týsinikter bizding әlemning qoghamdyq zandary men fizikalyq bilimderining terendigimen anyqtalady.

Qoghamnyng qorshaghan orta turaly týsinigi, mәdeny dengeyi, iydeyalary, sayasy qúrylymy jәne t.b. qanday bolsa, qoghamdy qorshaghan barlyq materialdyq iygiligin alu tәsili sonday bolady. (qogham qoldanatyn tauarlar úshaqtar, medisina salasy, qajetti tútynu tauarlary, janarmay, energetika, bilim, transport, t.b.).

Tómendegi taldau, qazirgi kezdegi Qazaqstanda qalyptasqan sayasy - ekonomikalyq ahualgha qatysty «Dana jol yntaly tobynyn» kózqarasy. Onyng sebepteri men qúrylymynyng qalyptasuy, jәne de osy jýiening bolashaq evolusiyasy men onyng nemen ayaqtalatyny turaly bayandau.

Búl kózqaras: birinshiden, aghylshyn ekonomiysi David Rikardo bastap, keyinnen  Karl Markspen jalghastyrylyp, ayaqtaghan «Enbek teoriyasynyng qúnyna»; ekinshiden, Gegeli men Markstyng «Dialektikalyq materializmine» jýginedi.

Aldymen myna týsinikterding mәnine ýnileyik:

1. Kez-kelgen memlekettik nemese qoghamdyq qúrylym qoghamgha nemese memleketke qajetti barlyq tauarlar men qyzmet týrin jasau tәsiline negizdeledi.

2. Kez-kelgen iydeyalar men týsinikter bizding әlemning qoghamdyq zandary men fizikalyq bilimderining terendigimen anyqtalady.

Qoghamnyng qorshaghan orta turaly týsinigi, mәdeny dengeyi, iydeyalary, sayasy qúrylymy jәne t.b. qanday bolsa, qoghamdy qorshaghan barlyq materialdyq iygiligin alu tәsili sonday bolady. (qogham qoldanatyn tauarlar úshaqtar, medisina salasy, qajetti tútynu tauarlary, janarmay, energetika, bilim, transport, t.b.).

Osy úshaqtardy qúrastyryp otyrghan qogham ózining mýshelerinen aerodinamikalyq zandylyqtardy, mehanika men injenerlik bilimdi mengeruin talap etedi jәne ol bilimdi odan әri damytyp jalghastyratyn adamdardy ósirip otyrady. Sәkesinshe, búl qoghamda sol ýshin beyimdelgen mektep jәne JOO baghdarlamalary bolady. Búl qoghamdaghy adamdardyng kóbisi jogharghy bilimdi bolady. Osynday qogham sayasi, iydeyalyq jәne mәdeny túrghydan, onday bilimdi qajet etpeytin qoghamnan qatty erekshelenedi.

Ekinshi, úshaqtardy qúrastyrmay olardy shiykizatqa aiyrbastap otyrghan qogham, ózining mýshelerinen aerodinamikalyq, mehanikalyq jәne injenerlik bilimdi talap etpeydi. Óitkeni, olargha ol bilimning qajeti joq. Sondyqtan olardyng mektep jәne JOO baghdarlamalary birinshi qoghamgha qaraghanda týbegeyli erekshelenip túrady. Sәikesinshe, mәdeny jaghynan ekinshi qogham birinshi qoghamnan әlde qayda tómen bolady.

Osy atalghan eki qogham qúrylymnyng ereksheligining negizi, dil ereksheliginde, nemese últtyq erekshelikterinde, jaghrapiyalyq ne rassalyq erekshelikterinde emes, ol әr últ ózin-ózi ony qorshaghan barlyq iygiligimen qamtamasyz etetin tәsilinde jatyr.

3. Býgingi tandaghy kez-kelgen qogham taptardan qúralady. Búl taptar belgili bir ólshemdermen anyqtalady. Olar:

1. Negizgi tabysty alu kózi boyynsha;

2. Býkil qoghammen dayyndalghan ónimdi bóludegi taptardyng orny boyynsha;

3. Árbir qoghamda biyleushi taptyng bolary zandylyq. Biyleushi tap búl - qoghamnyng ózge taptarymen salystyrghanda zang shygharu jәne qúqyqta qoldanylatyn tәjiriybeden ekonomikalyq paydany kóp mólsherde alatyn tap.

4. Árbir biyleushi tap zandardy qabyldaydy jәne ózderining qyzyghushylyqtaryna oray ekonomikalyq sayasatty jýrgizedi.

5. Biyleushi taptardyng qolyndaghy biylikting ekinshi bir tapqa auysuy - biyliktegi tónkeris dep atalady.

Tónkeris óktemdik әreket týrinde boluy mýmkin.

1. Múnday tónkerister biyleushi tap qoghamnyng kóp bóligin kedeylendiru jәne últtyng bar baylyghyn óz qolyna shoghyrlandyru sayasatyn jýrgizgende bastalady.

2. Biyleushi taptyng osynday ekonomikalyq sayasatynyng jalghasuy sol qoghamnyng jahandyq bәsekede kýresuinde ózge últtardan jenilis tauyp, óz aumaghynan airylugha jәne jaulap alushy memleketke baghynuyna aparyp soghady. Atalmysh jaghdayda, biyleushi tap óz qarsylasyn basqa taptyng ishinde tabady. Qarsylas taptyng qajetti qory men basqaru qabileti bar jәne ol tap últ qyzyghushylyghyn beyneley otyryp, halyqty qúrtatyn sayasatqa qarsy shyghyp, biylikti tartyp alady.

Fransuz tónkerisi, aghylshyn, orys, nemis, qyrghyz tókeristeri osyghan mysal bola alady.

Tónkeris óktemdik әreket týrinde bolmauy mýmkin.

Eger:

1. Biyleushi tap aghymdaghy ekonomikalyq sayasattyng ayaghy qoghamnyng kóp bóligining kedeylenuine әkelip soghatynyn jәne býkil baylyq bir ghana biyleushi tapqa shoghyrlanatynymen, nemese atalghan qoghamnyng ózge últtarmen jahandyq bәsekede jaulap alushy memleketke baghynatynymen, sóitip, nәtiyjesinde jenilis tabatynyn týsinedi. Onday jaghdayda, biyleushi tap ózi zangha ózgerister engizedi. Búl jaghday, ekonomikalyq jәne sayasy biylikting bir taptan ekinshi tapqa kóshuine alyp keledi.

Jana aumaqtardy basyp alu jәne últtyq baylyqty úlghaytu kez-kelgen tap ýshin eng tiyimdi qúral bolyp tabylady.

Mәselen, Singapur, Malayziya, Ontýstik Koreya, Chili, Shyghys Europa, Gruziya, Qytay siyaqty memleketter jәne t.b.

Endi qoghamdyq sayasy jýie men taptardy sipattaugha kósheyik:

Qazirgi kezde әlemde qanday taptar bar?

Qazirgi әlemde kelesi taptar qalyptasqan.

1. Kapitalister taby.

Tabys kózi - tauarlardy satu men qyzmet kórsetuden kelgen tabys jәne olapdy ózining óndiristik qúraldarynda shygharyp, qoghamgha úsynu.

2. Proletariattar taby.

Tabys kózi - ózindik fizikalyq enbek nәtiyjesinde alynghan belgilengen tabys.

3. Sharualar taby.

Tabys kózi - basym bóligi jerdegi fizikalyq enbekten týsetin payda.

4. Qyzmetkerler toby: múghalimder, dәrigerler, memlekettik jәne jekemenshik kompaniyalardaghy kense qyzmetkerleri, óz jaghdayyna baylanysty para alugha bolmaytyn suretshiler men әrtister jәne t.b.

Tabys kózi - ózindik oy enbegining nәtiyjesinde alynatyn belgilengen tabys.

5. Feodaldar taby.

Tabys kózi - para alu maqsatynda el zandaryn jeleu etip, qyzmet dәrejesin paydalanu.

Mysaly, adam jol erejesin búzdy ma, әlde búzghan joq pa; zandy dúrys oryndady ma, joq pa; mýlikti dúrys tirkedi me, joq pa; liysenziyalar bar ma, joq pa; nemese sheshim shygharudan jәne t.b. týsetin paydany sheneunikter qaltasyna jymqyryp otyrady.

6. Monarhiyalyq kapital.

Tabys kózi - kәsipkeplikpen ainalysugha «rúqsat berushi retinde» jýretin tabys, nemese tabighy baylyqtar men jerdi satudan týsetin tabys.

Eskertu!

Atalghan shiykizat ónimderin satudan týsetin tabys monopoliyalanbaghan, yaghny olar tabysty iri transúlttyq kompaniyalarmen nemese bay-sheneuniktermen ózara bólisip alady. Biraq, qoghamnyng kóp bóligining jaqsy ómir sýruin qamtamasyz etuge shiykizattan týsetin tabys jetkiliksiz bolyp otyr.

7. Absoluttik monarhiya taby.

Tabys kózi - jer jәne tabighat baylyqtaryn satudan týsetin monopoliyanghan tabys.

Tabighat baylyqtaryn satudan alynatyn tabys halyqtyng basym bóligining ómir dengeyining jaqsy boluyna jetkilikti.

II. Endi qoghamdyq-sayasy jýieni qarastyrsaq.

Býgingi tanda ózin kerekti tauarlarmen qamtamasyz etetin tәsili boyynsha jәne biyliktegi túrghan tap boyynsha 5 jýieni alyp qarastyrayyq.

1. Kapitalizm

2. Sosializm

3. Absoluttik monarhiya

4. Feodalizm

5. Feodaldyq-burjuaziyalyq qúrylym

1. Kapitalistik jýie.

1. Ózderin kerekti tauarlarmen qamsyzdandyru joly - halyqqa qajetti barlyq kerekti nәrselerdi últtyq zauyttarda jasau.

2. Biylikte otyratyn tap - kapitalister.

3. Biylikte otyru negizi - halyqty barlyq kerek-jaraqpen qamtamasyz etetin zauyttar kapitalistterding qolynda bolady.

4. Tabighat resurstaryn ózining ónerkәsibinde qoldanady.

5. Ózining ónerkәsibi jәne auylsharuashylyghy halyqtyng 100%-yn tútynu tauarlarymen qamtidy.

6. Mysal retinde - AQSh, Úlybritaniya, Europalyq odaq memlketteri, Japoniya, Ontýstik Koreyany aitugha bolady.

2. Sosialistik jýie.

1. Ózin qajetti tauarlarmen qamtamasyz etu joly - halyqqa qajetti nәrseni últtyq zauyttarda shygharu.

2. Biylikte otyratyn tap - proletariat.

3. Biylikting qaramaghynda bolatyn, halyqty barlyq zattarmen qamtamasyz etetin zauyttar naqty bir adamgha emes, býkil qoghamgha tiyisti. Proletariat dep - óz enbegimen zauyttarda júmys jasap, halyqty qajetti zattarmen qamtamasyz etetin qoghamnyng bir bólshegin aitamyz.

4. Tabighat baylyqtary ózining ónerkәsibinde qoldanylady.

5. Ózining ónerkәsibi jәne auylsharuashylyghy halyqtyng 100 payyzyn tútynu tauarlarymen qamtamasyz etedi.

6. SSSR jәne Varshava blogyndaghy memleketter mysal bola alady.

3. Absoluttik monarhiya.

1. Ózin qajetti tauarlarmen qamtamasyz etu әdisi - qajetti tauarlardy alu ýshin, tabighat baylyqtaryn aiyrbastau.

2. Biylikte otyratyn tap - absoluttik monarhiya.

3. Biylikting qaramaghynda tabighy baylyqtar men jerdi satudan týsetin monopoliyalanghan tabys bolady.

Tabighat baylyqtaryn satudan alynatyn tabys halyqtyng basym bóligining ómir dengeyining jaqsy boluyna jetkilikti.

4. Tabighy resurstar - basqa últ óndirgen auylsharuashylyq ónimderge jәne ónerkәsiptegi óndirilgen ónimderge aiyrbastau ýshin paydalanylady. Tabighy resurstar halyqtyng barlyq tútynu súranysyn tauarlarmen qamtamasyz etuge jetkilikti.

5. Ózining ónerkәsibi jәne auylsharuyshylyghy mýlde damymaghan.

6. Mysal memleketter - BAÁ, Kuveyt, Katar, Saud Arabiyasy, Bruney jәne t.b.

4. Feodaldyq jýie.

1. Ózin qajetti tauarlarmen qamtamasyz etu týri tek «ýy jaghdayynda» jasalghan tauarlar ghana jәne jemis-jiydek ósiruden nemese kórshilerden ónimdi úrlaudan týsedi.

2. Biylikte otyratyn tap - Feodaldar.

3. Biylikte otyru negizi - avtomattar sanyna ghana baylanysty.

4. Tabighat baylyqtary joq.

5. Jeke ónerkәsip jәne auylsharuashylyghy damymaghan.

6. Mysalgha Somali, Sudan, Aughanstan, Tәjikstan, Qyrghyz jәne t.b. memleketterin jatqyzamyz.

5. Monarhiyalyq kapital (Feodaldyq-burjuaziyalyq qúrylym).

1. Ózin kerekti tauarlarmen qamtamasyz etu joly - halyq tútynatyn tauarlardyng birinshi jartysy elding zauyttarynda óndiriledi, al ekinshi jartysy shiykizatty satudan týsetin tabys, biraq ol halyqtyng joghary ómir sýru dengeyin qamtamasyz ete almaydy. Mysaly, halyq tútynatyn tauarlardy 100% dep alsaq, sonyng 10 %-y últtyq ónerkәsipten jәne auylsharuashylyghynan týsse, 30 %-y shiykizatty qajetti ónimge aiyrbastaudan týsedi. Sonymen, halyq tútynatyn tauarlardyng 100 %-nan tútynudyng tek 40%-yn ghana qamtidy.

2. Biylikte otyratyn tap - bay-sheneunikterge sýienetin monarhiyalyq kapital.

3. Biylik tabighy resurstardan týsetin tabysty qadaghalaydy jәne bóledi. Shiykizat ónimderin satudan alynatyn tauarlar sany, últtyq óndiriste óndiriletin tauarlargha qaraghanda kóp.

Ol degenimiz, monarhiyalyq kapital baqylap otyrghan shiykizattan týsetin paydagha satyp alynghan tauarlar, kapitalisterding qolyndaghy últtyq zauyttarda óndiriletin tauarlar kóleminen joghary bolyp tabylady.

4. Tabighat resurstary - basqa últ óndirgen auylsharuashylyghyndaghy ónimderge jәne ónerkәsiptegi óndirilgen ónimderge aiyrbastau ýshin paydalanylady. Búl halyqtyng jalpy tútynuynyng jartysyn qamtidy.

5. Ózining ónerkәsibi jәne auylsharuyshylyghy halyqty 10% tútynu tauarlarymen qamtamasyz etedi.

6. Mysal memleketter - Resey, Qazaqstan, Ózbekstan, Niygeriya, Týrkmenstan, Egiypet jәne t.b.

«Dana jol yntaly toby»

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