Qazaqstandaghy Monarhiyalyq Kapital jýiesining evolusiyasy (jalghasy)
6-nshy kezen. 2012-2025 jyldar
Atalghan kezenning ayaqtaluy eldegi basshynyng qaytys boluyna deyingi uaqytpen onyng taqtan ketkennen keyingi 5 jyldy qosa eseptegendegi uaqytty suretteydi.
Monarhiyalyq Kapitaldyng negizgi baghyty óz tabysyn úlghaytu jәne biylikti ústap qalumen týsindiriledi. Sol ýshin de ol kelesi әreketterdi jasaydy:
1. Memlekettik tiyimdi aqparatty qúru jәne jemqorlyqpen kýres
Sebepter.
1. Bay-sheneunikterge eldegi basshy olar emes ekenin, basshy ol ekendigin týsindiru.
2. Eldegi dollar týsimining jalghyz kózi - Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng baqylauymen týsedi, sәikesinshe memlekettik budjetten úrlap otyrghan barlyq sheneunikter Monarhiyalyq Kapitaldyng qaltasyndaghy aqshany tonaydy.
3. Shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlikke baylardyng aralasuyn toqtatu. Óitkeni kәsiby tauarlardyng óndirisining úlghangy Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng qaramaghyndaghy dollargha degen súranysty azaytady.
6-nshy kezen. 2012-2025 jyldar
Atalghan kezenning ayaqtaluy eldegi basshynyng qaytys boluyna deyingi uaqytpen onyng taqtan ketkennen keyingi 5 jyldy qosa eseptegendegi uaqytty suretteydi.
Monarhiyalyq Kapitaldyng negizgi baghyty óz tabysyn úlghaytu jәne biylikti ústap qalumen týsindiriledi. Sol ýshin de ol kelesi әreketterdi jasaydy:
1. Memlekettik tiyimdi aqparatty qúru jәne jemqorlyqpen kýres
Sebepter.
1. Bay-sheneunikterge eldegi basshy olar emes ekenin, basshy ol ekendigin týsindiru.
2. Eldegi dollar týsimining jalghyz kózi - Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng baqylauymen týsedi, sәikesinshe memlekettik budjetten úrlap otyrghan barlyq sheneunikter Monarhiyalyq Kapitaldyng qaltasyndaghy aqshany tonaydy.
3. Shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlikke baylardyng aralasuyn toqtatu. Óitkeni kәsiby tauarlardyng óndirisining úlghangy Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng qaramaghyndaghy dollargha degen súranysty azaytady.
Osy jaydy týsindirip keteyik. Qazaqstanda jihaz óndiretin ónerkәsip joq bolghandyqtan, barlyq Qazaqstandyq otbasylar tengeni dollargha ainaldyryp, jihazdy shetelden satyp alularyna tura keledi. Sebebi shet elde bizding tenge eshkimge kerek emes. Al dollardyng Qazaqstangha týsetin eng negizi kózi - Monarhiyalyq Kapitaldyng baqylauyndaghy shiykizattan týsetin tabys. Soghan sәikes Qazaq otbasylary sheteldik jihaz satyp alghanda, Monarhiyalyq Kapitaldyng qúzyryndaghy dollardyng kólemin tómendetedi.
Eger osy jihaz elding ishinde jergilikti shiykizattan óndirilse, múnday jihazdy satyp alugha dollar kerek bolmaydy. Osylaysha, qazaq otbasylary ózderining tengelik kiristerinen otandyq jihazdy satyp alyp, Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng dollarlyq tabysyn týrtilmegen kýide qaldyrady.
2. Múnay qoryn úlghaytyp ondaghy Qazaqstannyng ýlesin qosu
Búl tikeley Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng óz tabysyn úlghaytugha baghyttalghan talpynys, óikeni ol endi bankterden ala almay otyrghan tabysyn múnaydan qosymsha týsken týsimmen ornyn toltyrady. Sәikesinshe, Monarhiyalyq Kapital bizding baylyqtan týsetin sheteldik kompaniyalardyng tabystaryna kóz salyp, bir bóligin ózine, al bir bóligin Qazaqstangha qayta bólu maqsatynda sheteldik kompaniyalarmen salyq jәne basqa da kelisim sharttardy qayta qarastyrugha talpynys jasay otyryp, múnaydy eksporttaudan alatyn baj salyghyn úlghaytady. Osy atalghan kórinis týsinikti bolu ýshin sanmen kórseteyik. Aldynda atap ótkendey, 2006-2007 jyldar aralyghynda Qazaqstandyq bankter 30 mlrd dollardy shet elden qarajat retinde tartty. Sol uaqyt ishinde bizding baylyqtardy paydalanudan tabys týsirip otyrghan shetel kompaniyalary (transúlttyq kompaniyalar) Qazaqstannan 19 mlrd dollardy diviydend týrinde aldy. Búl qarjynyng bir bóligin alu ýshin Monarhiyalyq kapital transúlttyq kompaniyalarmen kýres jýrgizedi.
|
Jyly |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
|
Múnaydyng eksporty |
$32,733,462,800 |
$41,681,291,800 |
$31,819,561,200 |
$38,653,500,000
|
|
sheteldikterdin alatyn diviydendteri |
$11,245,000,000 |
$17,192,000,000 |
$10,224,000,000 |
$13,388,000,000
|
|
sheteldikterding alatyn ýlesi |
34.35% |
41.25% |
32.13% |
34.64% |
Qashaghan siyaqty jana ken oryndarynyng engizilip, múnay qorynyng úlghangy, әlemdegi múnaydy tútynushylardyng kólemining qysqaruyna kelip tireledi. Mysaly, tәulik boyynsha múnaydy tútynu mln/barrelimen eseptegende:
|
Jyly |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
|
Sotýstik Amerikadaghy múnay tútynu kólemi |
25.00 |
23.80 |
23.10
|
|
Europalaghy múnay tútynu kólemi |
16.20 |
16.10 |
15.20
|
|
Qytaydaghy múnay tútynu kólemi |
7.50 |
7.8 |
8.2 |
Sóitip, әlemdik naryqta múnaydy tútynushylardyng kólemining qysqaruyn kóre otyryp, bizding múnay qorynyng úlghangynyng manyzy joq ekendigin kóremiz. Qazirgi jaghdayda túraqty ósip otyrghan jalghyz naryq ol Qytaydyng naryghy. Osylaysha, bizding múnaygha baqylau jasap otyrghan AQSh pen Europalyq transúlttyq kompaniyalary, osy múnaydy úlghaytyp, ony Soltýstik Amerika men Europnyng qysqaryp bara jatqan naryghyna tasymaldaudyng manyzy joq ekendigin týsine otyra, múnaydyng Qytaygha kóbirek tasymaldauyna qarsylyq kórsetedi. Óitkeni Qytay olardyng sayasi-ekonomikalyq bәsekelesi. Osy jaghday, Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng Qytaymen odaqtasuyna, amerikandyq jәne europalyq transúlttyq kompaniyalaryn otanyna qaytaryp, olardyng ornyn tolyqtay Qytay kompaniyalarymen tolyqtyryluyna әkelip soghady. Erte me, kesh pe, әiteuir Qazaqstan ózi Qytaydyng sayasiy-әskery yqpalyna kóshuin jenildetedi.
Ishki óndiristi kóterudegi talpynys
Biz aldynda aitqanday,
1. Shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlikting tauarlarynyng óndirisining úlghayyy Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng qaramaghyndaghy dollargha degen súranysty azaytady.
2. Orta jәne shaghyn kapitalisterding kapital kólemi monarhiyalyq kapitalmen salystyrghanda әldeqayda az, sondyqtan olar monarhiyalyq kapitalgha shynayy qauip tudyryp otyrghan joq, iri kapitalisterge qaraghanda.
Sondyqtan, Monarhiyalyq kapital Qazaqstannyng shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerliginde sýienish izdey bastaydy.
Biraq Monarhiyalyq kapital búl jerde eshqanday shynayy jetistik kóre almaydy. Óitkeni monarhiyalyq kapital kәsipkerlikting negizgi problemasy baylardy baqylaumen baylanysty emes, kelesi sebeptermen baylanysty bolyp otyrghanyn týsinbey otyr:
1. Shaghyn ishki naryq
2. Halyq sany (az)
3. Tólem qabiletining tómendiligi
4. Logistika mәselesi - halyq tyghyzdyghynyng tómendiligi jәne osyghan baylanysty әrbir songhy tútynushygha óndiristen tauar jetkizu boyynsha ýlken shyghyndardyng tuyndauy.
5. Ashyq naryq - jergilikti shaghyn óndirushini iri әlemdik ónim óndirushimen kýresuge mәjbýrleydi jәne osyny da taza bәseke dep qoyady. Naghyz kýres tek teng oiynshylardyng arasynda ekenin týsinbey otyryp 11 jastaghy boks qolghabyn kiygen balany Múhammed Áliymen jarystyryp qoyady.
Atalghan mәselening birden-bir sheshu joly - ekonomikalyq qúrylymdy ózgertu jәne Finlyandiya, Singapur, Malayziyadaghy siyaqty eksportqa baghyttalghan ekonomikalyq qúrylymdy qúru. Osy memleketterding bizben úqsastyghy bar, óitkeni olardyng halqy bizdegidey az jәne ýlken kólemdegi naryqtyng shekarasynda túrghan joq.
Sonymen az degende neni ózgertuimiz kerek?
1. Shiykizattan týsetin barlyq tabysty memlekettendiru.
2. Osy memlekettendirilgen tabystardy ónerkәsipti jәne auylsharuashylyghyn qayta jabdyqtaugha baghyttau.
3. Tauar óndirushilerge tura jәne qosymsha subsidiya beru.
4. Tauar óndiru salalaryndaghy әkimshilik kedergilerdi tolyghymen alyp tastau.
Osynday jaghdayda biz Singapur, Ontýstik Koreya, Shveysariyanyng jolyna týsemiz. Al Monarhiyalyq kapital aqyryndap kórinbey, kapitalister tobymen sinisip ketedi, jәne monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng basshysy Ly Kuan Yu siyaqty adamdarmen bir qatarda otyrady.
«Dana jol yntaly toby»
«Abay-aqparat»
Jalghasy bar
