- Edige Múhtarúly, halyqaralyq dengeyde qyzmet istep jýrgen re­daksiya menedjeri әri jurnalist retinde sizge jýkteler jauapkershi­lik qanday? BAQ salasynyng ma­man­dary «últtyq dengeydegi, jahan­dyq dengeydegi aqparat» dep jatady, so­nyng aiyrmashylyghy nede?

- Edige Múhtarúly, halyqaralyq dengeyde qyzmet istep jýrgen re­daksiya menedjeri әri jurnalist retinde sizge jýkteler jauapkershi­lik qanday? BAQ salasynyng ma­man­dary «últtyq dengeydegi, jahan­dyq dengeydegi aqparat» dep jatady, so­nyng aiyrmashylyghy nede?

- Qazirgi tanda aqpartty «últtyq» ne «jahandyq» dep bóludi óz basym qoldamaymyn. Óz elimizde, ne shetelde jýrsek te aqparat taratudyng jauap­kershiligi bolatyny ras. Ózimizding nysanagha alghan auditoriyamyz bar. Habar jasaghan kezde ózing nysanagha alghan auditoriyanyng múqtajyna, solardyng mýddesine, solardyng payym­daryna say habar qúru degen ol basqa mәsele. Biraq ony últtyq túrghyda bólu, memlekettik túrghyda bólu, jahandyq túrghyda bólu degenge óz basym asa kelispeymin.
- Dәl qazirgi dәuirdi «aqparat ghasyry» deymiz. Osy dәuirding ózine say terminderi payda boldy. Mysa­ly, elektrondy demokratiya, tele­kratiya sekildi úghymdar demokra­tiya­men qatar órbip otyr. Sonday-aq kommunikasiya teoriyasyn zertteu­shi ghalymdar «demokratiyanyng mәninen góri, telekratiyanyng mәni basym» degen pikir de qalyptastyruda. Tele­kratiya, yaghny televiziya men tele­kommunikasiyalyq jelilerdegi, viy­zualdyq qúrylghylardaghy aqparat­targha azamattardyng senimi artyp otyrghanyn qalay baghalaysyz?
- Mәsele, taghy sol aqparatqa ke­lip tireledi. Azamattardyng aqparatty erkin alugha qaqysy bar. Demokra­tiya­nyng basty qúndylyqtary da - sóz erkindigi, baspasóz erkindigi. Búl atalghan dýniyelerdi talqylaudyng ózi artyq. Janaghy aitylghan jeliler sony jetkizuding qúraly ghana. Keshegi kýni biz at ýstinde, ne arbagha minip jýrgen bolsaq, keyin sheteldik jenil kólikterge mindik. Meninshe, atalghan kólikting bar aiyrmasy - onyng qú­rylymynda. Álbette, býgingi adam­nyng ómir sýrui, jýris-túrysy, talghamy túrghysynan alghanda, tolyp jatqan ózgerister bar. Biraq qúndylyqtar túrghysynan alghanda, bayaghy qúndy­lyqtar býgingi kýnning sol qúndy­lyqtary bolyp qala beredi. Ol adam­nyng erkin aqparat aluyna, erkin pi­kir bólisuine jәne basqalardyng pikirin aluyna tolyqtay qúqyly boluy. Olar búl orayda әlemdegi bolyp jatqan oqighalargha qatysty kózqarastarmen tanysuy jәne sodan oqshaulanbauy tiyis. Tap osy jerde jahandanu úghymynyng jaghymdy túsyn aitugha bolar. Álemde ne bolyp jatqanyn bilu arqyly kez kelgen azamat óz elindegi jaghdaygha shynayy týrde bagha bere alady. Óz elindegi belgili bir oqiy­ghagha oray týrli kózqarasty bilu ar­qyly sol oqighanyng ýrdisin ózinshe dúrys baghamday alady. Eger azamat retinde mýddeli adam bolsa, soghan say ertengi kýni ózi ómir sýretin, ertengi úrpaghy ómir sýretin qoghamnyng dúrys damuyna ýlesin qosa alady. Jur­nalisterding búl rette atqaratyn qyzmeti - adamdardyng osy túrghyda jauapkershiligin sezinuine yqpal etu, qyzmet etu.
- Yaghny әrbir azamat aqparatty alushy emes, soghan qatysushy retinde tanyluy tiyis deysiz ghoy.
- Bәlkim, salystyruym túr­payy­lau shyghar. Álgidegi kiyim ýlgisindegi ózgeris degen siyaqty býgingi kýndegi jurnalistikadaghy ózgeristing biri - oqyrmanyn barynsha ishke qaray tartu. Oqyrman - tek qana syrttan baqylaushy ghana emes, sonymen qatar bolyp jatqan oqighagha tikeley bar adam retinde ózining pikir aituy, tipti key jaghdayda bolyp jatqan oqiy­ghalardy jurnalisten búryn bayqap, sony ózi sekildi adamdargha nemese osy jaytty terenirek zerttep jaza alatyn jurnalisterge habarlau. Osy túrghy­dan alghanda, auditoriyany syrttan baqylaytyn top qana emes, bolyp jatqan ýderisterge tikeley aralasa­tyn belsendi qauymgha ainaldyru.
- Qazir qoghamnyng ruhany ómirin­de, mediamәdeniyet, mediaórke­niyet sekildi úghymdar payda bolyp, ol ghy­lymnyng jana baghyty retinde zerttele bastady. Osy media­mәde­niyetti qalyptastyratyndar da, me­diaórkeniyetti qoghamgha aparatyn yq­paldy kýsh - jurnalister qa­uymy. Osy túrghydan alghanda qazaq qoghamyndaghy mediamәdeniyetting qanday baghyttaryn atar ediniz?
- Shynyn aitatyn bolsaq, Qa­zaqstandaghy aqparat qúraldary­nyng әli alda atqarar qyzmeti orasan zor. Mәselen, aqparat qúraldary damyp kele jatyr. Biraq tiyisti dәrejede ózining qoghamdaghy qyzmetin atqa­ryp otyr dep aita almaymyz. Onyng tolyp jatqan sebepteri bar shyghar. Biraq qalay bolghanda da birinshi kezekte jurnalisterding kәsiby qyzmetinde jauapkershiligin sezinui tiyis degim keledi. Mediamәdeniyet mәselesine kelgende, qazirgi kýnde aqparatty ta­ratu men aludyn, jariyalau men jet­kizuding jana tehnologiyalar damyghan zamanda jurnalistik etika mәselesi kýn tәrtibine shyghyp otyr. Mәselen, jurnalister arasyndaghy kәsiby etiy­kalyq talaptar Qazaqstanda kóp jagh­dayda saqtala bermeydi. Qarapayym mysal keltirsem. Bizding veb-sayty­myzda shyqqan suretti «Egemen Qa­zaqstan» gazetindegiler alady da ja­riyalay salady. Batysta múny kә­dim­gidey barymta, úrlyq dep eseptey­di. Biraq Qazaqstandaghy jaghday ja­yyn qansha jurnalistermen sóilestik. Olar ýshin búl qalypty, qatardaghy jaghday retinde qabyldanady. Qa­zaqstanda jurnalister qauymy etika mәselesine kelgende, ózara týsinik pen qalyptasqan normalar boluy kerek dep oilaymyn. Óitkeni bizding taratyp otyrghan habardy óz tarapymyzdan súratyp otyru ýshin jasap jatqan joqpyz. Onyng barynsha taralghanyn qalaymyz. Bizdegi maqsat - әlgi aityp otyrghan qúndylyqtardy qarapa­yym halyqqa jetkizu. Eger Qazaqstan­da­ghy basqa aqparat qúraldaryn osy bizding habarymyzdy, biz kótergen jýgimizdi bizben birge kóterisuge, auditoriyagha jetkizuge tyrysatyn bolsa, onda tek qana kelisemiz, qoldaymyz. Degen­men kez kelgen kәsipting erejeleri bar. Biz de basqa aqparat qúraldarynyng materialdaryn paydalanbaydy emespiz, paydalanamyz. Soghan say oghan sil­­teme jasaymyz. Mediamәdeniyet mә­se­le­sine kelesi qyrynan keletin bolsaq, Qazaqstandaghy aqparat qúral­darynda birden kózge týsetini - osy. Bizdegi mediamәdeniyetti qalyp­tas­tyrushy qúndylyqtardyng jetimsiz­digi. Bir-birinen barymtalau óte kóp. Birining materialyna biri silteme ja­saudan qalghan. Bir-birining enbegin syilau, bir-birining ziyatkerlik mýlkin qúrmetteu túrghysyndaghy úghym әli qalyptasa qoymady. Osyghan, menin­she, birinshi kezekte nazar audarghan jón. Álbette, aqparat qúraldaryna biy­likting aralasuy belgili dәrejede sóz bostandyghynyng tiyesili týrde damy almauyna sebepker. Oghan belgili dә­rejede shekteu qoyyp otyrghany anyq. Óitkeni aqparat qúraldary biylik­ten tolyq tәuelsiz boluy kerek. Mәselen, demokratiyasy damyghan kez kelgen eldi alynyz. Kez kelgen ýkimet baspasóz qúraldaryn baqylaghysy keledi. Kez kelgen ýkimet biylikte úzaghyraq otyr­ghysy keledi. Biraq búl jerdegi eng ne­gizgi baqylaushy qyzmetin ghana emes, qadaghalushy qyzmetin atqaratyn aq­parat qúraldary. Sondyqtan da aqpa­rat qúraldaryn biylikting kelesi bir tarmaghy dep atap jatady. Óitkeni aqparat qúraly biylikting kez kelgen kemshiligin betine basa alatynday, ony ashyq kórsetip, qoghamgha jetkize ala­tyn­day jәne biylikke sol kemshilikti sheshu jolynda qozghaluyna týrtki bo­latynday jaghday jasau kerek. Sonday jaghday jasaghan sәtte aqparat qogham­dyq qyzmetin atqara alghany. Múnday jaghday jasalmasa, aqparat qúraldary basqanyng jeteginde ket­keni.
Qazaqstandaghy baspasóz qúral­daryn alyp qarasaq, kóbine baspasóz әrkimning jeteginde jýrgen siyaqty. Baspasóz ózinin, qoghamnyng dúrys, ong baghytta damuyna qosar ýlesin әli to­lyq sezinbey otyr.
- Búl jaghday - әlem elderining bәrinde eng týitkildi mәsele. Sol BAQ pen búqaranyng biylikten tәuelsiz qa­rym-qatynasynyng ýzdik әdisi retin­-de qoghamdyq arna qyzmetin ataugha bolady. Bolashaqta elimizde qo­gham­dyq arnanyng qúryluy, ashyluy mým­kin jaghdayda sizder qanday kóz­qa­rasty ústanyp, pikir tanytar ne qoldau kórseter edinizder?
- Biz kez kelgen baylanysqa, yn­tymaqtastyqqa әzirmiz. Mysaly, bú­rynyraqta «Azattyq» dese, atynan sho­shityn, at-tonyn ala qashatyn jagh­daylar boldy. Býgin­gi kýni Qúdaygha shý­kir, búl jaghday óz­ger­di dep otyr­myz. Áli de seskenip qa­raytyndar da tabylady. Bizding tara­pymyzdan elimizding aqparat qúral­darynyng da­muyna, qoghamdyq qyzmetin atqaruy­na barynsha qoldaugha da­yynbyz. Jana­ghy suretterdi payda­lanugha shekteu qoy maqsatynda ait­qanym emes. Tek qana búl salada bel­gili etikalyq norma­lar qalyptassa eken dep oilaymyn. Son­day-aq jur­nalister ómirining qauip­sizdigi mәselesine tireletin jaghday­lar jii oryn alady. Jasyratyny joq, bizde Aughan radiosy bar, Irak radio­sy bar. Sondyqtan biz otyrghan jer - ter­roristerding nysanasyna alyp otyr­ghan ghimarat. Sol túrghydan ja­salghan ghimarattaghy qauipsizdik sha­ralardyng qatandyghy bolmasa, biz qa­shanda ashyq­pyz. Veb-saytymyzdaghy fo­rumnyng erejesinde jazylghan miys­siyalardy biz tek qana maqala jazghanda emes, qyzmetimizdi atqarghanda, әrip­testerimizding arasyndaghy qarym-qa­tynastarda sol túrghyda, sol auqymda jýruge tyrysamyz. Biz әruaqytta shygharmashylyq yntymaqtastyqty qoldaymyz.
- Ángimenizge raqmet.
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