Senbi, 23 Qarasha 2024
46 - sóz 3867 2 pikir 19 Mausym, 2019 saghat 15:43

Repressiyagha deyingi Yassauy mәdeniyeti

19 ghasyr ayaghy men 20 ghasyr basynda Qazaq dalasyndaghy islamdy Alma Qyraubayqyzy "Qazaq renessansynyng qaynary " dep ataghan. Sebebi 1912 jyly bir ghana Almatynyng manynda 288 meshit, 175 imam, 14 molda, 84 qadym medresesi, 27 jәdittik medrese bolghan.

Jonghar shapqynshylyghy kezinde joyylghan meshit-medreseler qalpyna kelip, qayta jandana bastaghan kez edi. Múny "Sopylyq órleu " kezeni dep te ataydy. Sebebi әrbir meshit-medresening diny sauaty óte joghary ishan, ahundar otyratyn. Keybir qazaq ishandarynyng mýriydi 10-15 myngha deyin jetken. Tipti 1925 jylgha deyin Oral guberniyasyndaghy Qosdәuletov, Aysariyev degen ishandardyng әrqaysysynda 800 ge deyin mýridteri bolghan. Ishandardyng bәri de medreselerde bilim alatyn.

N. Ostroumov 1912 jyly Týrkistan ónirinde 7290 mektep, 376 medrese bolghan deydi. Al ólkelik әkimshilikting 1912 jylghy esebi Týrkistanda 6022 mektep, 445 medrese bolghanyn kórsetedi. Onyng әrqaysysynda jyl sayyn 200 ge juyq shәkirt oqyp shyghatyn bolghan. 1917 jyly "Qazaq" gazeti Ufadaghy "Ghaliya " medresesin 154 qazaq bitirip shyqty dep jar salghan. Medresede bilim alyp shyqqandargha -ahun, ishan, abyz, damolla, qalpe, molda siyaqty diny ataq beretin. Medresede din ilimimen qatar, astronomiya,himiya, geografiya, fizika, matematika, biologiya, medisina pәnderin de oqytatyn. Bilim alyp shyqqan molda arabsha sauat ashumen qatar,júrtty emdep, júldyzgha qarap kýn rayyn boljay beretin. Alash qayratkerlerining bәri de auyl moldasynan eskishe hat tanyp shyghady. Sauatyn auyl moldasynan ashady.

Qazan, Tashkent, Omby, Orynbor baspalarynan diny qissalardy, anyz-hikayalardy nazira dәrtýrimen qayta jyrlau dәstýri qarqyn alghan. Sol zamanda kitaptardyng 90 payyzy diny qissa týrinde bolghan. Tarihshy J.Shalghynbaevtyng dereginshe revolusiyagha deyin 854 kitap basylyp shyqqan. Jalpy tirajynyng ózi 2 million 251840 kitapty qúraghan. Onyng ózi senzuradan ótkenderi ghana,әitpese, Qazan qalasyndaghy baspahanalargha 2259 qoljazba týsse sonyng 563- ine ghana basugha rúqsat bergen. Yaghny kelip týsken qoljazbanyng 4/1 bóligi ghana jaryq kórgenTatar jәditshilerining "Múqtasar " men "Ghylymhalyna " eliktep Shәkәrim "Músylmandyq sharty ", Ybyray Altynsarin "Músylmandyq tútqasyn" jazyp shyqty.

1925 jylgha deyin Qazaqstanda diny jandanu shynyna jetken. Sol kezde qazaqtardyng 90 payyzdan astamy diny sauatty edi. 1926 jyly Jetisu ónirinde 458 molda tirkelgen. Onyng 90 payyzy etnikalyq qazaq. Diny nasihat jyr ,anyz-qissa týrinde taralatyn ýlken mәdeny klaster qalyptasqan edi. Orys ghalymy Radlov " Bir Júmjúma qissasynyng ózi dalany kezip jýrgen myng moldanyng uaghyzynan artyq" dep baghalaydy. Osy qissany bayandap otyrghan Mәulekey degen adam jayly: Ózi Týmen jerinde medresede bala oqytady. Qissa,anyzgha jýirik. Arab, parsy, qazaq, tatar, orys tilderin jetik biledi " dep tanqalghan.

Bolishevikter alghashynda islam dinine qatysty zymiyan sayasatyn bildirmedi. Sovet Ókimeti endi qúrylghanda Lenin bolishevikterge " Músylman enbekshilerge qalayda jaghugha tyrysyndar. Barynsha senimine kirinder" dep tapsyrghan. Ekinshiden olarmen kýresetindey de kýshi joq edi. Ári qazaqsha biletin kommunisteri de sausaqpen sanarlyq bolatyn. Sondyqtan 1925 jylgha deyin tynysh jatty. Qayta músylmandardyng senimine kiru ýshin músylman qúryltaylaryn ótkizip túrdy. 1919 jyly Qúrban ait, Oraza ait, Nauryz merekesin toylaugha rúqsat etti. 1924 jyldan bastap Ufadan "Islam" degen jurnal shyghardy. Sebebi SSSR- de músylmandar sauatty sanalghan. Ol zamanda olarmen sanaspaugha bolmas edi. Birden kýresu qiyn tiyedi. Ýshinshiden, Lenin ólgen song partiya ishinde biylikke talasyp, ózara qyrqysyp jatty. Sondyqtan, Orta Aziya elderine qaraugha múrshasy bolmady. Biraq " Bezbojnik ", " Antiyreligioznik ", "Voinstvuishiy ateyzm " jurnaldaryn jarty miliion tirajben shygharyp, ateyzm iydeyalaryn nasihattaudy da jolgha qoydy.

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