Tarih qaltarysyndaghy beymәlim tústardy elep-ekshep, ony haqiqat túrghysynan zerdelep, últ mýddesine say qorytyp, halyq qazynasyna ainaldyru, kókiregi oyau, arda azamattardyng asyl boryshy. Osynday azamattyq ústanymdaghy әriptesimiz Qydyrbek Qiyshanúlynyng gazetimizding ótken sanynda jaryq kórgen Abaq Kerey taypasynyng QHR-ding SUAR ólkesine qonystanuy jәne Abaq Kereyding erejesi turaly maqalasy qazaq oqyrmanynyng tarihy tanymyn arttyrattyny talassyz shyndyq. Desek te, Qiyshan bauyrymyzdyng peyili ong bolghanymen, tarihty tarqata aituda bazbir kemshilikterge jol bergen sekildi. «Baba Tariyh» - qargha tamyrly qazaqtyng ortaq enshisi bolghandyqtan, Shyghys Týrkistan aumaghyna Abaq Kereyding qalay aua kóship barghandyghyn, sonday-aq, ejelgi әdet-ghúryp zanynyng sarqynshaghy «Tórt bi, tóre zany» turaly biz de biletinimizdi oqyrman talqysyna saludy jón kórdik.

«Kerey qayda barasyn?» atty tolghaudyng astaryndaghy aqiqat

Tarih qaltarysyndaghy beymәlim tústardy elep-ekshep, ony haqiqat túrghysynan zerdelep, últ mýddesine say qorytyp, halyq qazynasyna ainaldyru, kókiregi oyau, arda azamattardyng asyl boryshy. Osynday azamattyq ústanymdaghy әriptesimiz Qydyrbek Qiyshanúlynyng gazetimizding ótken sanynda jaryq kórgen Abaq Kerey taypasynyng QHR-ding SUAR ólkesine qonystanuy jәne Abaq Kereyding erejesi turaly maqalasy qazaq oqyrmanynyng tarihy tanymyn arttyrattyny talassyz shyndyq. Desek te, Qiyshan bauyrymyzdyng peyili ong bolghanymen, tarihty tarqata aituda bazbir kemshilikterge jol bergen sekildi. «Baba Tariyh» - qargha tamyrly qazaqtyng ortaq enshisi bolghandyqtan, Shyghys Týrkistan aumaghyna Abaq Kereyding qalay aua kóship barghandyghyn, sonday-aq, ejelgi әdet-ghúryp zanynyng sarqynshaghy «Tórt bi, tóre zany» turaly biz de biletinimizdi oqyrman talqysyna saludy jón kórdik.

«Kerey qayda barasyn?» atty tolghaudyng astaryndaghy aqiqat

Birinshiden, maqala iyesi «Kereyding batyry Jәnibekting otarshyldyq sayasatqa narazy bolyp, óz qaramaghyndaghy halyqty ertip Shynjangha kóshken...» degen derekti naqty qanday derekkózden alghanyn kórsetpepti. Al, S.Tolybekovtyn: «Ábilmәmbet hannyng túsynda, 1742 jyly Orta jýzding bedeldileri Resey biyligine qaraugha narazy bolyp, óz qaramaghyndaghy elding birazyn alyp, Shyghys Týrkistangha kóshken» degen tújyrymyna keletin bolsaq, búl tarihy negizi dýdәmaldau qorytyndy. Ras, 1742 jyly Orta jýzding biyleushileri Resey patshalyghyna bodan bolugha ant bergen. Biraq, shyn mәninde Orta jýz halqy Reseyge Abylay hannyng óliminen keyin baghyna bastady. Sh.Ualihanov «Abylay han» atty zertteuinde Qazaq handyghynyng HVIII ghasyrdaghy sayasy ahualyna toqtala kelip, Abylay han birde Resey patshasyna, birde Qytay boghdyhanyna baghyndym degenimen, shyntuaytynda eshqaysyna bodan bolghan emes (Shoqan Ualihanov shygharmalary. I tom. Abylay han. 224-231 better. «Mәdeny múra» baghdarlamasy. Astana 2010) dep tújyrymdaydy. Teginde, Reseyding әkimshilik jýiesi Orta jýzge 1822 jyly M.M.Speranskiyding «Sibir qazaqtarynyng jarghysy» reformasynan song  ornygha bastady. Handyq biylik joyylyp, ornyna okrugter qúrylyp, duandar salyna bastady (Qaranyz: E.Bekmahanov. Kazahstan v 20-e y 40-e gody XIX veka. Almaty 1991). Al, oghan deyin, Resey patshalyghyna Orta jýz halqy sóz jýzinde ghana baghynyshty bolyp keldi. Yaghni, Qiyshan bauyrymyzdyng XVIII ghasyrdyng orta sheninde ómir sýrgen Kereyding batyry Jәnibekting orystyng otarshyldyq sayasatyna narazy bolyp, Shynjangha kóshti degen tújyrymy negizsizdeu aitylghan.

Al,  Abaq Kereyding Syr boyynan Shyghysqa bet týzep ýdere kóshui turaly Ahmetolla Qaliyúly «Sufizm taghylymynyng shyghys ónirlerine taraluy» atty zertteu júmysynda: «Abylay hannyng ong tizesin basqan qazaqtyng beldi batyrlarynyng biri Berdәuletúly Jәnibek batyrdyng jonghardy týre quyp, búl ónirge Abaq Kereydi kóshirip alyp kelgendigin aita kelip, el auzynda qalghan Búqar jyraudyng «...Kerey qayda barasyn» dep bastalatyn tolghauynan tereng tarihy syr shertedi:  «Abaq Kerey osy mekende (sirә Syr boyy bolsa kerek. M.I) jýrgende bir jyly ýlken toy bolady. Toyda Abaq eli men Arghyn eli soghysyp kalady. Soghysta bir qydyru adam eki jaqtan da jaralanady. Soyylgha jyghylghandardyng ishinen Arghynnyng Aqmyrza degen jigiti kaza bolyp jalasy Kereyge kalady. Araaghayyndar aragha jýrip, kazaq zany boyynsha Kereyden Arghyngha qún alyp berip, Abaqtyny Arghynnyng ayaghyna jyghyp bitirmek bolady. Búghan Kerey jaghy: «Biz adam óltirgenimiz joq, Arghynnyng óz arasynda óshtik bar. Osy orayda birin-biri óltirip, jalasyn bizge jauyp otyr, aghayynnyng bәri irgeli Arghyngha búryp seyledi. Irgeden jau, beldeuden dau shyqty, osy qastyq kalyp, óshtik óshkenshe moyny úzaq bir jerge daldalana túrghanymyz abzal» dep Abaqkerey búl mannan aua jeneledi. Búl Chyanlýnnyng 36 jyly eken (qazaq ol tústa Ching patshalyghynyng Chyanlýng hanynyng jylnamasyn qoldanghan. Al, búl 1771 jyly eken). Býl kez qazaq pen qyrghyz arasyndaghy kaqtyghys ayaqtalyp, qyrghyz hany qyzy Túmardy Ábilpeyiz hangha berip, endi ghana tynyshtyq ornaghan kez eken. Ol zamanda el ishining tynyshtyghy, irgening býtindigi, aghayynnyng tatulyghy elding el boluynyng negizi edi. Osyny oilaghan el jaqsylary kóshken Kereydi toqatu ýshin artynan kuyp baryp aqyl aityp kaytarugha Búqardy jiberedi. Búqar Syr boyyn jaghalap kósh izine týsip eldi quyp jetken son, elding betin suyqka salghan súrqyn bayqap «elding súrqy suyq eken, kýsh berer týri joq, endi qyzyl tilding kýshimen bir ilip kóreyin, ildirse isting onghany, ildirmese mystyng qýryghany» deydi de elbasylarynyng jýregin shaylyqtyrmaq, oy salmaq bolyp:

«Kerey kayda barasyn?

Syrdyng boyyn kebelep

Sonynnan quyp men keldim,

Túlparymdy jebelep.

Endi aldynnan shyghayyn,

Janbyrdayyn sebelep.

Aq myrzamdy óltirdin,

Aq soyylmen tóbelep.

Tanymasang sen meni,

Arghyn degen aryspyn,

Azuy kere karyspyn.

Sen búzau terisi shónshiksin,

Men ógiz terisi talyspyn.

Han aldynda bitissen,

Qúdandaly tanyspyn.

Han aldynda bitpesen,

Atasyn bilmes alyspyn.

Kóshing keter bir jaqka,

Malyng keter bir jaqka,

Kósh sonynan jete almay,

Esing shyghar sol shaqta.

Búl betinmen ketersin,

Basqa lashyq tigersin.

Auzynnan as keter,

Qara kózden jas keter.

Rayynnan kaytpasan,

Keudendegi duylghaly bas keter"

dep katang sóz qozghapty. Sonda Abaqtyng albyrt batyrlarynyng biri ýlkender sóz bastaghansha, oraghytyp algha týsip:

"Arysyndy aityp aptyqpa,

Kelemiz bilip saqtyqta.

Kórsetpe kele qúqay kýsh,

Jayyndy ait attan týs.

Shanyrqapsyng shalap ish,

Biter sonsong kalghan is»

dep dýrse qoya beripti. Ýlkender Búqardy attan týsirip, kýtip, qalghan elding bauyrmaldyghyna sýiinip «elding eldigine, erding erligine bas», «Arghynnyng qylyghyna tiydi-au, Kereyding malyna súrau bolmaghan song ókpelep audyq, endi kayryla almaymyz, kónilderine qayau almandar» dep mәn-jaydy úghyndyryp, Búqardy jolgha salady. Aughan kósh Qalba, Manraq, Kishkene tau... degen taulary, Jaysan kól (orys tiline ýndesip keyin Zaysan kól atanyp ketken), Kishkene kól degen kólderi bar ónirden irge teuip, Shyghysy Sauyr tauynyng shyghys túmsyghy, Ýlingir kóli, Ýlingir ózeni boyyna deyin keng kósilip ornyghady. Ásili búl Kerey taypasynyng Jonghar jaugershiligi zamanynan búrynghy qara qonysy edi, keyin shapqynshylyqtar túsynda irge audaryp, yghysyp ketken-di. Abaq kerey sol mekenge kayta oralady (Ahmetolla Qaliyúly. Sufizm taghylymynyng shyghys ónirlerge taraluy. Týrkistan mәdeniyeti men tarihy. Týrkistan 2000).

Qytay qazaqtaryna 2005 jyly saparlay barghanymyzda, Búqar jyraudyng «Kerey qayda barasyn?» atty tolghauyn әrbir auyldyng aqsaqaly Kereyding shejiresin tarqatqanda jatqa aitatynyn estip kórgen edik. Ahmetolla Qaliyúly Abaq Kereyding kóshi turaly foliklorlyq derekke arqa sýiegenimen, demek, Búqar jyraudyng «Kerey qayda barasyn?» atty tolghauyn basqasha qorytu mýmkin emes siyaqty. Sondyqtan, «Kereyding batyry Jәnibekting otarshyldyq sayasatqa narazy bolyp, óz qaramaghyndaghy halyqty ertip Shynjangha kóshken...» degen tújyrymdy tarihy shyndyq emes dep qabyldaghan jón.

Ór Altaygha Abylay hannyng ailakerligining arqasynda qol jetkizdik

Ekinshiden, maqala iyesi «Úighyr tili HIH ghasyrda Altay ólkesindegi qazaq, úighyr, dýngenderding ortaq tilderining biri bolyp kelgen» dep qatelikke boy aldyrady. Úighyr tili ashqashan Altay halqynyng ortaq tili bolghan emes. Avtor, búl jerde shaghatay tilimen úighyr tilin shatastyryp túrghan tәrizdi. Al, shaghatay tili Ortalyq Aziya músylmandarynyng orta ghasyrlardaghy kitaby tili bolyp kelgeni belgili. Sonymen qatar, Qiyshan bauyrymyz: «Basqa bireuding jerinde jýrip, ol elding emeuirinen qoryqpay, óz jarghysyn jasap, óz ishinde biyleushisin saylaghan at tóbelindey qazaq balasynyng múnday erligi keyingi úrpaqqa tatymdy nasihat ekeni sózsiz», dep Abaq Kereydyng qútty qonysy Ór Altaydyng kýngey betkeyin qara qytaygha telimdey salypty. Al, Qytaydaghy qazaq tarihyn tereng zerttep jýrgen N. Múhamethanúly: «Ching patshalyghy XVIII ghasyrdyng orta sheninde Jonghar handyghyn joyysymen-aq, ózining batys teristik shekara qarauylyn belgiledi. Ertisten Ile ózenine deyingi aralyqqa tas ýiip qarauyl túrghyzady. Búl ónir negizinen sonau Batys Hani patshalyghy kezinde qazaqtyng arghy tegi mekendegen ataqonys jerleri edi» (N. Múhamethanúly. Diplomatiyalyq qatynastar jәne qytaytanu mәseleleri. Almaty 2010. 29 bet) dep, býgingi SUAR-ghy qazaq halqy qonys tepken ónirdi ejelden óz mekenimiz retinde baghalaydy.

Zadynda, Jonghar handyghy 1757 jyly joyylghannan keyin Abaq Kerey men Nayman rulary olardan bos qalghan alqapqa Abylay hannyng pәrmenimen kóship baryp, qonystana bastady. Abylay han Ile, Tarbaghatay, Ór Altay ónirine qazaq kóshin agressiyalyq jolmen emes, diplomatiyalyq qonystandyrdy. Ádepkide, jongharlardan bosaghan aimaqty qazaq rularynyng iyemdenuine Sini ýkimeti ada-kýde qarsy túrdy. Abylay han qazaqtyng ata-qonysyn qaytaryp alu ýshin Kenjeghara bastaghan elshilerin jibergende, Sini biyleushisi: «Sender jibergen elshilderding mәlimdemesinde Tarbaghatay bizding búrynghy kóship-qonyp jýrgen jerimiz edi. Biz sizden ózinizding iltipatynyzdy bildirip, osy jerdi bizge berseniz - degen sózder bar eken. Búl jerdi biz janadan tynyshtandyrdyq, kýni býgingi deyin bos túr. Ásili, meni ol jerdi qimaytyn edim. Degenmen, sender bizge endi ghana kelip baghyndyndar, әli eshqanday enbekterin singen joq. Múnday jaghdayda (talap etken jerdi) osylay bere salsaq, memleketimizding tәrtibine say kelmeydi. Eger, sender opasyz qylmysker Ámirsanany ústap әkep bersender onda men óz iltipatymdy kórsetip (talap etken jerdi) syilar edim» (Múhan Isahan, Elbol Rayhanúly. Qytaydaghy qazaq qoghamynyng qalyptasu tarihy. Qazaqstan-Zaman, 13 shilde, 2007 jyl. Sini patshasy Gauzýun patshalyghynyng orda esteligi. Taypey. 1964, 548 tom, 9-10 better) dep jauap qatty. Búdan keyin Abylay han ashyq úrysqa barmau sayasatyn ústana otyryp, bos jatqan ónirge birtindep Úly jýz ben Orta jýzding keybir rularyn kóshire bastady. Múny estigen Sini ordasy, qorghanys ministri A.Gýige bergen jarlyghynda: «...dereu әsker jiberip Tarbaghataygha qonys tepken qazaqtardy shekaradan asyryp quyndar, Abylaygha adamdaryn kereke qaytaru әketudi ait» (Sini patshasy Gauzýun patshalyghynyng orda esteligi. Taypey. 1964, 609 tom, 18 bet) - dep búiyrdy. Al, Abylayhan Altaymen tarbaghatay jәne Ile ónirine kóshken qazaqty keri qaytarudyng ornyna Sini patshalyghyna elshiler attandyryp qalyptasyp otyrghan jaghdaydy moyyndaugha shaqyrady. Osyghan oray, 1760 jyly Sini patshasynyng ordasy Abylay hangha jauap hatynda: «... sening elshilderinning aituy boyynsha jonghar jeri qazir, iyen bos jatyr. Ábilpeyisting qolastyndaghy Tanatar, Qarqaraly, Esengeldi, Jolymbet rulary Alyn, Qaratal, Barlyqta túryp jatyr, sonda sender patsha jarylqaghan ýstine jarylqay týssin dep, Ilege baryp, qonystansyn degen ekensin. Tarbaghatay óniri ejelden Jonghardyng jeri. Patsha ol jerdi qalyng qolymen baryp tynyshtandyrdy. Qazaqtar senderding jerlering úlan-ghayyr bolghandyqtan, bizding shekaramyzdan ótuimizge jol joq. Tarbaghataydy patsha saghan bermegen edi ghoy, sen qalaysha óz bilgeninmen shyghysqa qaray óris jayyp otyrsyn. Jongharlar ol jerdi kezinde kýshpen tartyp alghanda, sender olardyng manayyna kele almaghan edinder. Patsha Ileni tynyshtandyrghannan keyin, sender beybit ómir sýruge mýmkindik aldyndar. Osyny nege qanaghat tútpaysyndar» (Sini patshasy Gauzýun patshalyghynyng orda esteligi. Taypey. 1964, 613 tom, 17 bet) dep jazdy.

Sini patshalyghynyng búlay shyr-pyr boluynan Abylay hannyng eldi shyghysqa qaray kóshirip, Sini patshasynyng múndaghy biyligin moyyndamay otyrghandyghyn kóre alamyz. Sini patshalyghynyng shekara belgileri retinde ornatqan baghanalaryn múndaghy qazaqtar moyyndaghysy kelmedi. Sebebi, jogharyda aityp óttik, Alay men Tarbaghatay jәne Ile boyyn ejelden qazaqtyng Kerey men Nayman jәne Alban taypalary qonys etken bolatyn. Kóshpeli órkeniyette shekara belgisi bolyp, ata-babalardyng jatqan ziraty sanalghan. Búl ónirlerde Kerey men Nayman jәne Alban taypasynyng jongharlar jaulap alghangha deyin ómir sýrgen qanshama ata-babasy jerlengen bolatyn. Sondyqtan da, qazaqtar Sini patshalyghynyng shekara baghanalaryna pysqyryp ta qaramady. Qazaqtardyng kóship kelip jatqan qalyng nópirin keri qaytarugha kýshi kelmeytinin týsingen Sini patshalyghy aqyrynda Altay men Tarbaghatay jәne Ile ónirin resmy týrde múnda kelip ornyqqan qazaqtargha bekitip berdi. Búl turaly Sini patshalyghynyng Abylay hangha joldaghan myna hatynda aitylady: «...sender birneshe ondaghan jyldardan beri eptep ishkerlep jyljyp enip kelesinder. Bizding general shonjarlarymyzdyng ótinishi boyynsha әsili senderdi jazagha tartu kerek edi. Biraq, patsha senderge kenpeyildik jasady. Senderding shekara qarauymyzdyng ber jaghynda jatqan iyen jerlerge kelip mal baghularyna rúqsat jarlyghyn jariyalaydy. Búnyng bәri senderding bizben eldeskendering ýshin patshanyng jasaghan shapaghaty. Ózdering ósip-órkendeumen qatar kórshiles eldermen de tatu túryp patshanyng meyir-shapaghatyna mәngi bólene berinder» (Sini patshasy Gauzýun patshalyghynyng orda esteligi. Taypey. 1964, 793 tom, 20 bet).

Sóitip, Abylay hannyng tynymsyz Sini imperiyasymen jýrgizgen diplomatiyalyq qajyrly sayasatynyng arqasynda Kerey men Nayman jәne Alban taypalary óz ata-qonystaryna qol jetkizdi. Shamamen aragha ghasyrgha juyq uaqyt salyp baryp Altay tauynyng kýngey túsy men Tarbaghtay tauy jәne Ile ózenining joghary túsyna deyingi ónirimen ata-babalarymyz qayta qauyshty. Biraq, ókinishtisi, búl jenisti býgingi «Qazaqstan tarihy» Abylay hannyng baghyndyrghan biyik asularynyng biri hәm XVIII ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysyndaghy Alash balasynyng ong jambasyna kelgen sәtti bir jenisi retinde baghalap jýrgen joq.

Abylay han ólgen 1781 jyldan keyin onyng úldary Qazaq handyghynyng tútastyghyn ústap túra almady. Ábilmәmbet hannyng úly Ábilpeyis pen Abylaydyng úly Ádil súltandar Altay men Tarbaghatay jәne Jetisu jerine jeke-dara iyelik etip, syrtqy jaghdayda Sini imperiyasynyng qúzyryna kiriptar boldy. 1790 jyldardan bastap, Sini imperiyasyna Ór Altaydyng kýngey túsyn mekendegen Abaq Kerey ruynyng biyleushisi Ábilpeyisting úly Kógeday han ghana tikeley baghynyshty boldy. Al, Qyzay men Tórtruyldy biylegen Ádil súltannyng úly Sama tóre Ile provinsiyasynyng gubernatoryna baghyndy. Búl kezde Sini imperiyasy búl aimaqtargha «Jana ólke» (sinzyani) degen atau berip, qazirgi Shyghys Týrkistandy resmy iyemdene bastady. (Asqar Tatanayúly. Tarihy derek, keleli kenes. Shynjan halyq baspasy. 1993 jyl)

Shyghys Týrkistanda Taypinder kóterilisi bolghan emes

Ýshinshiden, «1850-1865 jyldary Qytayda ataqty Taypinder kóterilisi bolyp, ol shýrshit elining Ganisu, Nenisy provinsiyalary men Shyghys Týrkistandy týgel qamtydy» degen derekte de әsireleu bar. Ásili, Taypin kóterilisi Ganisu men Nenisy provinsiyasyndaghy jergilikti qytay sharualarynyng Sini biyleushilerining otarlyq sayasatyna narazylyghynan tuyndaghan bolatyn. Biraq, Taypin kóterilisi Shyghys Týrkistandy týgel qamtyghan emes. Zertteushiler kóterilis aimaghy retinde Ganisu men Nenisy provinsiyalaryn ghana kórsetedi (Qaranyz: Shy Syaoyni. Taypiyn-Teongonyng kóterilui jәne joyyluy. Harbiyn. 2000). Al, «Shynjandaghy músylman kóterilisshileri Altay, Tarbaghatay, Ile qatarly aimaqtardyng kóp jerin basyp alghany turaly tarihta bar. Kóterilis shiyelenise bastaghan kezde Altay qazaghynyng key bóligi teriskeydegi Qobda betine kóshuge mәjbýr boldy» degen tújrymmen kelisuge bolady. Tarihta «Dýngender kóterilisi» dep atalatyn búl bas kóteru turaly Zardyhan Qinayatúly: «1862 jyldan bastalghan, basynda Chin ýkimetining otarshylyq sayasatyna qarsy baghytta órbigen búl kóterilis bara-bara músylmandyq bet-perde jamylyp, Batys Qytay ólkesin jappay qamtyghan edi. Kóptegen qazaq auyldary osy qaqtyghystyng saldarynan jayylym jerinen aiyrylyp, ishtey qonys audarugha mәjbýr boldy. Dýngender kóterilisi Shensi, Ganisu siyaqty Qytaydyng batys aimaqtaryn, Shyghys Týrkistannyng keybir eldi mekenderin, Qashqardy qamtyp, naymannyng Bayjigit auylyn talqandap, 1870 jyly Múnghyl asyp, Mongholiyanyng batys shebine ayaq basty» (Zardyhan Qinayatúly. Mongholiyadaghy qazaqtar. Dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng qauymdastyghy. Almaty 2001. 58-59 better) dep sabaqtaydy. Sonymen birge, Zardyhan aghamyz Taypin kóterilisine qatysyp jazalanghan qytay sharualary Shynjangha jer audarylyp, olargha qazaq jayylymdarynan jer bólinip berile bastaghanyn: «Mәnju-Chin әmirshisi Altayda jer taryla bastaghanyna baylanysty qazaqtyng keybir auyldaryn Altaydan shetkeriletip, Tәnirtaugha, Erenqabyrghagha, Tarbaghataygha qonys audaru turaly jarlyq shyghardy. Jarlyq boyynsha Tәnirtaugha qonystanu tizimine tek qana Jәdikten 800 týtin, Qaraqastan 150, Sarbastan 200 týtin ilingen eken. Kóshpendi qazaqtar ýshin Erenqabyrgha, Tәnirtau ótip, qytay, dýngenge qoyan-qoltyq kirgennen góri Qobda asu әlde qayda ynghayly, malyna jayly bolatyn. Sóitip Altaydyng kýn betinde jerden tarlyq kóre bastaghan Abaq kereyding bir toby Altaydyng teriskey beti, búryn jongharlar mekendegen keng jayylymgha qaray bayau jyljyp, malyn otarlata jaylap, sonynan qystap qala bastady» (Zardyhan Qinayatúly. Mongholiyadaghy qazaqtar. Dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng qauymdastyghy. Almaty 2001. 59 bet) dep Abaq Kerey ruynyng Qobdagha ótuin tarihy túrghydan dәl zerdeleydi. Yaghni, «Taypin kóterilisi Shyghys Týrkistandy týgel qamtydy» degen oi-tújyrym әsire aitylghanymen, osy kóterilisting saldarynan Ór Altaydy mekendegen qazaqtardyng teriskey Qobda betine qonys audarghany tarihy shyndyqqa janasady.

«Abaq Kerey erejesi» emes, «Tórt bi, tóre zany»

Tórtinshiden, maqala iyesi Abaq Kereyding әdet-ghúryp zanyn «ereje» degen atpen beripti. Sonday-aq, «1830 jyly tórt oryn saylanghan» dep, erejening qabyldanu mezgiline qatysty da jansaq derek kórsetilgen. Teginde, búl zannama 1836 jyly  «Tórt bi, tóre zany» degen atpen qabyldanghan. Jogharyda aityp ótken Abaq Kereyding biyleushisi Kógeday 1820 jyly qaytys bolghannan keyin, ornyna balasy Ajy tóre saylanady. Ajy tóre әkesindey alymdy bolmaghan son, Abaq Kereyding beldi biyleri el basqaru isinde tórelerding biyligin shekteytin konstitusiyalyq monarhiya týzimin engizedi. Búl turaly «Tórt by tóre zanyn» zertteushi Bidahmet Múqayúly óz enbeginde mynaday derek keltiredi: «Ósken el ishindegi Jәdik, Jantekey rulary Ajy gýng jol kórsetip, Abaq Kereyden el basqaratyn biyler saylaudy ortagha qoyady. Aqyry, Abaq Kereyge sýienip kýn kórip kele jatqan Ajy gýng ózine qol qanat bolmasa el basqarudyng qiyngha týsetinin sezinip, 1836 jyly Buyrsynnyng «Úshtas» jaylauynda «Tórt by saylauy» jiynyn ozdyrady. Olar dýnie tórtke toqtaydy dey kelip tórt by saylau bekimine kelgen son, Jantekeydin  Kóken Momytúly, Topan Satayúly, Jәdikten Beysenbay Dónenbayúly, Qúlbek Janteliúly qatarly adamdary "Tórt biyge" saylaydy» (Bidahmet Múqayúly. Tórt bi, tóre zany. Marqúm tarihshy Elbol Rayhanúlynan 1949 jyly zannamanyng tóte jazumen jazylghan núsqasyn 2005 jylghy is-saparymyzda kóshirmesin alghan bolatynbyz). Al, Altay qazaqtarynyng tarihyn zertteushi Qostay Jaqiyaúly «Buyrshynnyng Úshtas degen jerinde bolghan «Tórt by tóre zany» alqaly qúryltayy, 1841 jyly bolghan» dep kórsetedi (Qostay Jaqiyaúly. Altay aimaghyndaghy qazaqtardyng әdep-ghúryp zany turaly. Shynjan qoghamdyq ghylymy jurnaly. № 1. 1992 j). Áytse de, eki zertteushining dereginde hronologiyalyq sәikessizdik bolghanmen, Abaq Kerey taypasy Buyrshynnyng Úshtasynda alqaly jiyndy ótkizgeni anyq.

Qazaq qoghamyndaghy el basqaru isinde biylerge airyqsha mәrtebe berilgen «Tórt by tóre zanynyn» negizi «Jeti jarghydan» alynghanmen, búl zannama Abaq Kereyding sol kezdegi ishki ahualynan habar beretin qúndy qújat. «Tórt by tóre zany» qazaqtyng ata zandarynyng ishinde tóre men qarashanyng arasyna jaryqshaq týsirmey, aqsýiek pen qarapayym júrtshylyqty «tendik» prinsiypine jýgindirgen túnghysh zannama.  Sonymen birge, «Tórt by tóre zany» kóshpeli ómir qatynasyn dәuir talabyna say rettegen zannama boldy desek qatelespeymiz. Óitkeni, búl qúqyqtyq qújatta sol kezdegi qazaq qoghamynyng barlyq erekshelikteri qamtylghan. Bidahmet Múqayúlynyng aituynsha Abaq Kerey taypasynyng 1949 jyly Qytayda kommunistik týzim ornaghangha deyin «Tórt by tóre zanyna jýginip kelgen (Bidahmet Múqayúly. Tórt bi, tóre zany. Jogharyda kórsetilgen mәtin). Yaghni, «Tórt bi, tóre zany» Altay qazaqtarynyng ghasyrdan astam uaqyt qoghamdyq qatynystaryn rettep kelgen qúqyqtyq eskertkish. Demek, búl zannamany bagha jetpes tarihy jәdiger dep baghalaghanymyz abzal.

Týiin

Tarih erikkenning ermegi emes. Eger, tarih qoynauyna qozghau salghymsyz kelse, «Baba tariyhqa» ong qabaqpen qarap, dúrys meyirlene biluimiz qajet. Kógeday men onyng úrpaqtarynyng Sini patshasynan gýng (knyazi) mansabyn aluy jәne Abaq Kereyding «Tórt bi, tóre zanyn» qabyldauy, sonday-aq, ózge taypalar sekildi provinsiya gubernatoryna emes, tikeley Sini patshasyna protektorat jaghdayynda baghyna otyryp «Sary noqtanyng aty» kelisimshartyn jasauy, Abaq Kereyding egemendigi bar shaghyn iyelik bolghanyn kórsetedi. Dәl osynday shaghyn handyq osy kezde qazaq dalasynyng Batys ónirindegi Edil men Jayyq arasynda Reseyge syrtyn bere otyryp, «Bókey Ordasy» degen atpen qúrylghandyghy belgili. Ókinishtisi, «Bókey Ordasyn» - búl bizding handyq, bizding tarihymyz dep bilemiz, al, «Abaq Kerey» iyeligin bizding handyq, bizding tól tarihymyz dep baghamday almay jýrmiz. Ásili, «Qazaqstan tarihy» elimizding býgingi shekarasymen shektelmeui tiyis. Al, oghan keng arnada qaray bilu, tarihshy qauymnyng asyl mindeti...

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