Ótken kýnderdi eske týsirudegi maqsatymyz: Bastan keshken qasiretimizding sebepterin saralau, halqymyzdy tәuelsizdikke bastaytyn, óz taghdyryn ózi aiqyndaugha jetkizetin eng tura joldy anyqtap alu bolyp tabylady.

Mústafa ShOQAY

Ótken kýnderdi eske týsirudegi maqsatymyz: Bastan keshken qasiretimizding sebepterin saralau, halqymyzdy tәuelsizdikke bastaytyn, óz taghdyryn ózi aiqyndaugha jetkizetin eng tura joldy anyqtap alu bolyp tabylady.

Mústafa ShOQAY

Songhy kezenning ózekti problemalarynyng biri - últtyng saqtaluy, halyqtyng saulyghy. Búl mәselening kóterilui kezdeysoq ta emes. Adamzat tarihynda tútas bir halyqtardyng joyylyp ketken kezderi de az bolmaghan. Onyng basty sebepterining biri - zorlyq-zombylyq. Ol ghylym tilinde genosid dep atalady. Qazaq halqy erekshe genosidke, etnosidke úshyrady. Múny týgeldey aityp shyghu qiyn. Últ, halyq qamyn oilaghandardyng «sayasatqa qayshy» pikirleri múqiyat qadaghalanyp, stalindik «erekshe papkagha» týsip otyrdy. Totalitarlyq ezgi mashinasy ýzdiksiz júmys istep keldi.
Goloshekin sayasaty - stalinizmning Qazaqstandaghy aiqyn kóshirmesi bolatyn.
Goloshekin patsha otarshyldyghyn kenestik tәsilmen pәrmendi týrde jýrgizgen Qazaqstandaghy kishi Stalin edi. Patshalyq Reseyding eki ghasyr boyy iske asyra almaghanyn kommunistik jýie segiz-aq jyl ishinde jýzege asyrdy.
Demograftardyng naqty derekterine sýiensek, 20-30 jyldardyng oirany anau «aqtaban shúbyryndyny» eki orap alarday tym alapat. Sonda tútas bir halyqtyng toz-tozyn shygharyp, úly sýrginge dushar etken kim? Ol el jadynda «Qujaq» dep saqtalghan ghasyrlar boyynda «Qujaq» atalyp kete baratyn kәdimgi Filipp Isaevich Goloshekin edi.
F.IY.Goloshekin (Shaya Iskovich) 1876 jyly 26 aqpanda (eskishe 10 nauryzda) Viytebsk guberniyasyndaghy Neveli degen shaghyn qaladaghy úsaq burjuagha jatatyn otbasynda dýniyege keldi. Qazaqstangha keluine oray óz auzynan jazyp alynyp «Sovetskaya stepi» gazetining 1925 j. 18 qyrkýieginde jariyalanghan ómirbayanynda «V obshem po obrazovanii Filipp Isaevich iymeet shestiklassnyy kurs gimnazii, a s 1901 po 1903 goda obuchalsya v zubovrachebnoy shkole, kotoruy on y okonchiyl. S 1896 po 1900 g. slujil prikazchikom v pisimebumajnom magaziyne. Chital mnogo, no bessistemno. S nachala uvlekalsya filosofiey, a potom obshestvennymy naukami. Nelegalinui liyteraturu v ocheni ogranichennom razmere nachal chitati s 1900 goda» - dep jazylghan.
1913-1914 jyldary Turuhan ólkesinde Selivanovsk selosynda jer audarylghan Ya.M.Sverdlov jәne F.IY.Goloshekin bir jylday birge túrdy. Yakov Mihaylovich Sverdlov óz esteliginde: «Neskoliko dney probyl s J. («Jorj» Goloshekinning laqap aty) s nim delo ploho. On stal formennym nevrastenikom y stanovitsya mizantropom. On bezobrazno pridirchiv k konkretnomu cheloveku, s kotorym emu prihoditsya soprikasatisya. V rezulitate - kontry so vsemy ... On portitsya, sozdaet sam sebe nevynosimye sushestvovaniya».
Bayyrghy revolusioner Ya.M.Sverdlovtyng Goloshekindi «nevrasteniyk», «mizantrop» deuge mәjbýr boluy kóp nәrseni anghartady. Al Qazaq ólkelik partiya komiytetining hatshysy bolghan kezde seriktesi G.Zinovievting «Qazaqstan Goloshekinge basy bayly berildi», - dep aituy onyng diktatorlyq óktemdigine bar mýmkindikting tughanyn bildirse kerek.
Goloshekinning shynayy jendettik beynesin aghylshyn jurnaliysi R.Viliton tómendegidey suretteydi.
«Shaya Goloshekin Sverdlovpen óte jaqyn qarym-qatynasta bolghan. Olar sayasy sebeppen Sibirge jer audarylyp, ondaghy kýnderin birge ótkizgen. Áli de bolsa jas ol ekeuine bolisheviktik qúlshynys tәn edi. Shaya Oral Kenesin basqardy. Patsha otbasyn úryp-soghudy olar sol jerde egjey-tegjeyli belgilegen edi. Jaratylysynan qatygezdikke jany qúshtar ol qúrbandardy azaptaghandyqtary turaly jantýrshigerlik әngimeler tyndaugha qúmar edi. Al ózi qorqaq bolghandyqtan, onday azaptaulargha tikeley qatyspaytyn.
Tótenshe komissiyanyng (VChK) mýshesi retinde bolishevikterding әlde bir sormanday qúrbandyghyn ólimge ne azapqa kesken Shaya tósegine jayghasyp, jendetting oraluyn taghatsyzdana kýtetin, jendetting qúrbandy qalay azaptaghany jayyndaghy әngimesin rahattana tyndap, basqa da egjey-tegjeylerdi bilgisi kelip mazasyzdanatyn». («Zang gazeti», 1997, 12 nauryz).
Sayasatta Stalinning shәkirti bola túra Goloshekin qatygezdik jaghynan ústazynan asyp týser basbúzardyng ózi boldy. Búghan Ekaterinburgte onyng Romanovtyng býkil otbasyn, oghan qosa patsha otbasynyng kýtushilerin, aspazyn, dәrigerin qosa barlyghy 11 adamdy atyp tastau jónindegi búiryqqa qol qoyghany kuә emes pe? Tipti qylmysynyng izin jasyru ýshin tereng shahtagha tastalghan patsha mәiitin, onyng әieli men úl-qyzdarynyng denesin shynyraudan qayta aldyryp, ólikterding ýstine jermay, kýkirt qyshqylyn qúidyryp, órtetken de osy Goloshekin bolatyn.
Goloshekin 1923 jyldyng qyrkýieginen Qazaqstangha kelgenge deyin Samara guberniyalyq atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy bolyp isteydi.

1925 jyldyng jeltoqsanynda Qyzylorda qalasynda V ólkelik partiya konferensiyasy ótti. Ólkelik komiytetting esepti bayandamasyn Stalinning Qazaqstangha arnayy jibergen ókili F.IY.Goloshekin jasady. Alghashqy konferensiyada-aq partiya qataryna ótushilerding kópshiligi sharualar men intelliygentter eken, júmysshylar joq eken, demek kommunistermen naqty júmys jýrgizu kerek degen siyaqty qyzyl sózge úryndy. Partiya qúrylysyna tereng taldau jasay almady. Bar bolghany «Kirgiziyadaghy (Qazaqstandaghy) partiya-sovet kadrlarynyng búdan bylayghy azghyndauyn toqtatu ýshin, toqyrau ahualyn sauyqtyru ýshin eng aldymen býkil biylikti RKP(b) Ortalyq Komiyteti tikeley óz qolyna aluy kerek» degendi barynsha nyghyrlay aitty. Onyng búlay demeske sharasy da joq-ty. Búl - Stalinning Goloshekinge jýktegen arnayy partiyalyq tapsyrmasy edi.
Goloshekin «Auylda Sovet ókimeti joq, tek baydyng ýstemdigi men ru biyligi bar» dey kelip, osy oqtay atylghan bir-aq sózben eki qoyandy soghyp almaqshy boldy. Birinshiden, avtonomiyaly respublika partiya úiymynyng búghan deyingi júmysynyng bәrin mansúq etti. Ekinshiden qazaq saharasynda tezirek «kishi Oktyabri» iydeyasyn jýzege asyrugha negiz qalady.
Goloshekinning әmirshildik-әkimshildik júmys әdisi etek alyp, óristey bastaghan kezde respublikalyq partiya, sovet aktiyvi oghan qarsylyq ta kórsete bastady. Qarsy shyqqandargha neshe týrli jala jabyldy. T.Rysqúlov, N.Tóreqúlov, S.Seyfulliyn, O.Jandosov, N.Núrmaqov, S.Sәduaqasov, S.Qojanov, S.Mendeshev, M.Myrzaghaliyev, Á.Áytiyev siyaqty partiya, sovet qyzmetkerlerining atyna ghaybat sóz aitushylar, A.Baytúrsynov, M.Dulatov, M.Júmabaev, J.Aymauytov jәne basqalardyng sonyna sham alyp týsushiler kóbeydi.
Mine osy tústa әkki әkimshil, óktem F.Goloshekin oppozisiyanyng qanatyn birden qyrqu ýshin, jana sayasy baghytty dәleldep, Stalinge hat joldady. Goloshekinning haty jauapsyz qalmady. Kóp úzamay onyng arandatushylyq sayasatyna toqtausyz jol ashqan: «Tov.Goloshekiyn. Ya dumaiy, chto politika, namechennaya v nastoyashey zapiske, yavlyaetsya v osnovnom edinstvenno pravilinoy politikoy. IY.Staliyn» degen jauap ta kelip jetti. Al Stalinning búl jauap-hatyna deyin Goloshekin onyng atyna Qazaqstanda «Kishi Oktyabri tónkerisin» jasau kerek ekendigin negizdep, osy sharany jýzege asyruyna «kelisim» súraghan bolatyn. Osylaysha respublikalyq partiya belsendilerining aldynda sóz sóilegen ol «gensektin» bedelin jamyla otyryp, múnda ózin kim jibergenin jәne kim qoldaytynyn ashyqtan-ashyq aityp saldy.
Biraq Goloshekin Stalinning degenin mәimónkelikpen oryndaushy boldy. Qajet bolghanda ol mәselening tonyn ainaldyryp kiygizuden de tayynbady. Stalindik - goloshekindik baghyttyng búra tartqan arnasymen jýrgisi kelmegen partiya qayratkerlerimen ayausyz kýres bastady.
Goloshekinning kóp kýsh saluynyng nәtiyjesinde ólkelik partiya komiytetinde dertti jaghday qalyptasty. Jik-jikke bólinip, bir-birin andu bastaldy, partiya qyzmetkerlerining kóp uaqyty bir-birlerining arasyndaghy aitys-tartysty sheshuge ketip jatty. Dәl osynday tartysty jaghday kezinde bir-birinen ósh alu, ynghaygha kónbeytin birbetkey adamdardyng moyyndaryna sayasy qarghybau tagha salu óte ynghayly edi.
Eldegi azyq-týlik daghdarysyn seyiltu ýshin sharualardyng da qarsylyghyn jenu qajet boldy. Al múny mýltiksiz orynday alatyn adamgha jýkteu arqyly jýzege asyryp, auyldardaghy qayta qúrudyng josparyn oryndau men azyq-týlikti neghúrlym molyraq jinap aludy qamtamasyz etuge bolatynyn Stalin jaqsy týsindi. Sóitip onyng tandauy qazaq halqynyng mýddesinen alshaq jәne qatygez, tәkәppar adam - tis felidsheri Filipp (Shaya) Goloshekinge týsti.

Goloshekinning basshylyghy kezeninde halyqtyng mәdeny irgetasy bolghan últ ziyalylarynyng bedeldi adamdaryn qyryp-jong bastaldy. Jappay kýdiktenushilik pen jauqúmarlyqqa baylanysty ýrey tudyrghan ahual jaghdayynda olardyng kóbi arandatu men qughyndau nysanyna ainaldy. Orayy kelgen jaghdayda,olardyng kópshiligining «Alash» demokratiyalyq qozghalysyna qatysqandaryn betterine basty. Osylaysha 1928 jyldyng sonynda «burjuaziyalyq últshyldar» degen jalghan aiyptaumen «Alashorda» úiymynyng búrynghy 44 qayratkeri tútqyndaldy. Olardyng ishinde A.Baytúrsynov, M.Dulatov, M.Júmabaev, J.Aymauytov, H.Ghabbasov, J.Aqpaev, Á.Múnaytpasov, Q.Kemengerov, M.Búralqiyev, N.Qojamqúlov, Á.Aqpaev, S.Qadyrbaev, J.Tileumenov, M.Múrtaziyn, A.Ýmbetbaev, Á.Omarov, Á.Ermekov, M.Áuezov, U.Omarov, B.Sýleev, D.Ysqaqov jәne basqalary bar. Kóp keshikpey J.Aymauytov, A.Baydildiyn, G.Birimjanov jәne D.Ádilov atyldy. Basqalary әrtýrli merzimderge sottaldy. M.Dulatov lageride óldi. A.Baytúrsynov, M.Júmabaev jәne basqalar óz jazalaryn ótegen song 1937 jyly jauapkershilikke qayta tartylyp, «Alashorda» qyzmetine qatysqandary ýshin 1937-1938 jyldary atylyp ketti. Qúramynda M.Tynyshpaev, H.Dosmúhamedov, J.Dosmúhamedov, J.Aqpaev jәne basqalar bar últtyq ziyalylar toby (40-qa juyq adam) 1930 jyldyng qyrkýiek-qazan ailarynda tútqyngha alynghan bolatyn. Kóp uaqyt ótpesten olardyng ishinen 15 adam (M.Tynyshpaev, J.Dosmúhamedov, H.Dosmúhamedov, J.Aqpaev, Q.Kemengerov jәne basqalar) Reseyding Ortalyq - qaratopyraqty oblysyna aidaugha jiberildi. Qoghamdy «әleumettik jat jәne iydeologiyalyq tózuge bolmaytyn qúramalardan tazartu» operasiyasy kezinde últ ziyalylary týgelge juyq qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady.
Osy alasapyran kezende auyldaghy tap kýresin jәne iydeologiyadaghy taptyq prinsipti joqqa shyghara otyryp, A.Baytúrsynov: «Qazaqtyng qalam ústaghan otanshyl qayratkerleri әri internasionalist bolyp, әri óz Otanyna qarsy shyghushylar qatarynda qala almaydy. Olar syrttay ózgerui mýmkin, biraq ishki jan dýniyesi ózgermeydi. Olar qazaq halqyn qúrbandyqqa aparatyn otanshyl ruhtaghy emes ókimetpen birge bola almaydy» - dep ashyq aitty.
Qazaq memleketining apatqa bet alghanyn angharghan Smaghúl Sәduaqasov, Súltanbek Qojanov, Jalau Mynbaev, Nyghmet Núrmaqov, Oraz Jandosov ispetti qaysar qayratkerler eki-ýsh jyl qasarysyp kýresti. Biraq ta Goloshekin ózining kóbikauyz әkkiligin paydalanyp, qazaq ziyalylarynyng arasyna sezik pen sekem septi. Olardy tynshylyq әreket arqyly ishten ydyratyp, oisyrata soqqy berildi. Sóitip, últtyq dil men mәdeniyetting tamyryna balta shabyldy.
Stalinning ózi: «Qazaq bolishevikterining kezekti mindetterining biri - úlyorystyq shovinizmmen kýrese otyryp, barlyq kýsh-quatty qazaq últshyldyghy men soghan beymideushilerge qarsy kýreske júmyldyru bolyp tabylady. Onsyz Qazaqstanda lenindik internasionalizmdi ústap túru mýmkin emes», - dep núsqau berip otyrghan.
Goloshekin ózining basty qarsylastaryn ashyq qughyndaugha saldy. «Últshyldyq - jikshildik», «pantýrikshildik», «últshyldar» t.b. qaydaghy joq atauly aiyptaulardy tauyp alyp, bәrine qara kýie jaghudan jalyqpady. Búghan asa tanqalugha bolmaytyn edi. Al onyng ýirenisken jaulary, basty qarsylastary - kórnekti qazaq kommunisteri T.Rysqúlov, S.Qojanov, S.Mendeshev, S.Sәduaqasov, O.Jandosov t.b. boldy. Ol búl azamattardyng attaryn san tarapqa sayasy tanbalay jiktep, «rysqúlovshyldar», «qojanovshyldar», «sәduaqasovshylar» dep moyyntúryqtaumen boldy. Onyng aituynsha, búl adamdardyng bәri de «qazaq últshyl-jikshil tobynyng kósemderi» sanalady. Respublikanyng bedeldi de kórnekti qayratkerleri eldegi qalyptasqan auyr jaghdayda kýresterin jalghastyru mýmkin bolmaghandyqtan syrt jaqtargha ketuge mәjbýr boldy.

Qazaq halqynyng qolyndaghy bar baylyghy - malyn tartyp alu Kenes ókimeti jýzege asyrghan tәrkileu nauqanynan bastalady.
Qazaqstan Ortalyq Atqaru Komiyteti men Halyq Komissarlary Kenesining 1928 jyly tamyzda «Iri bay sharuashylyqtary jәne jartylay feodaldardy tәrkileu jәne jer audaru turaly» zany qabyldandy. Zangha sol kezdegi OAK-ning tóraghasy Eltay Ernazarov, Halyq Komissarlar Kenesining tóraghasy Nyghmet Núrmaqov qol qoyady. Osy zang boyynsha, kóshpeli audandarda iri qaragha shaqqanda 400 bastan, al jartylay kóshpeli audandarda 300 bastan, sonday-aq otyryqshy audandarda 100-150 bastan asatyn maly barlar tәrkilenuge tiyis bolghan.
1928 jyly 30 tamyzda «Qazaqstannyng kóshpeli, jartylay kóshpeli jәne otyryqshy audandaryn belgileu turaly» qauly qabyldandy. Osy qauly boyynsha, otyryqshy audandargha Qazaqstannyng barlyq okruginen -25 audan, al jartylay kóshpeli audandargha - 5, al kóshpelilerge - 9 audan jatqyzylady. Kóshpeli audangha Almaty okrugindegi Balqash audany, Syrdariya okrugindegi Qyzylqúm, Sozaq, Sarysu jәne Shu audandary, Qyzylorda okrugindegi Aral, Qazaly, Alamysyq, Qarsaqbay audandary jatqyzylady.
Qazaqstannyng basym kópshiligi búl jyldary jartylay kóshpeli jәne kóshpeli audandargha jatqyzylypty. Qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlar boyy damyp kele jatqan dәstýrli mal sharuashylyghy, negizinen, osy kóshpeli jәne jartylay kóshpeli audandagha shoghyrlanghany belgili.
Bastapqyda baylardyng mýlikteri men maldary tәrkileuge iligip, sonday-aq túrghylyqty meken-jaylarynan barlyghy 700 sharuashylyqtyng yghystyryluy josparlandy. Sonymen qatar 75 erekshe әleumettik qauipti baydy Qazaqstan shekarasynan tysqary jer audaru maqsatyna say bolyp tabyldy.
1928 jyldyng sonynda respublika basshylyghy Stalinning qoldauymen Qazaqstanda baylardy joydyng «qúqyqtyq negizin» qamtamasyz etetin akt qabyldady. Búdan keyin-aq is barysy jyldam jýrgizildi. Endi 700 degen sanmen shektelmedi: ózining kýn-kórisine jarap otyrghan kishigirm sharuashylyghy bar jәne adal enbegimen ómir sýrip jatqandardyng bәri de tәrkilenuden tys qalmady. Respublikanyng jarty aumaghyn qamtyghan múnday ýlken qysym kólemindegi shara kezinde adam estip-bilmegen zansyzdyqtar men adam qúqyn ayaqqa taptaghan ospadarlyqtar órttey qaulady...
Gazetter kýn sayyn ózgerip jatqan «újymdar maydanyndaghy» aqparattardy jariyalap ýlgere almay jatty. Eger de 1928 jyly Qazaqstanda barlyq sharuashylyqtardyng 2 payyzy ghana úiymdastyrylghan bolsa, al 1930 jyldyng 1 qantarynda búl kórsetkish 53,9 payyzgha jetti.
Oral men Qyzyljar (Petropavl) uezderinde dәl osy kezende sharuashylyqty újymdardyng sany 70 payyzdan da asyp ketti. («Bolishevik Kazahstana». 1930, №10, 25-b).

Qazaq ólkelik komiytetining buro mýshelerining mәjilisi

HATTAMASYNAN
1930 jyl, 17 qantar
Óte qúpiya

Qatysqandar: Goloshekiyn, Qúramysov, Isaev, Sәduaqasov, Vollenberg, Alishanskiy, Jalkiyn, Gumen, Zalogiyn, Bogdanov, Belikov, Yusupbekov, Toghjanov, Zvonarev, Manaev jәne Chirkov joldastar

Qúlaqtar men baylardy tap retinde joy mәselesi boyynsha OK-te talqylau ýshin mynanday sharalar belgilensin:
1. Ýsh ailyq merzimde OGPU qarauynda jatqan qúlaqtyng kontrtónkerisshilik úiymdar men toptar, búlarmen birge búdan búrynyraq tәrkileu boyynsha jer audarylghan jartylay feodal baylar da joyylsyn.
2. Jappay újymdastyrylghan jәne maqta ósirushi audandargha eki ailyq merzimde barlyq qúlaqtardyng otbasy men solardyng manayyndaghylardyng da otbasy mýsheleri újymsharlardan alastatylyp, osy audandardyng neghúrlym enbekti kóbirek qajet etetin shet jerlerine kóshirilsin. Jer audarylghan qúlaqtardyng mýlikterin olargha tiyesili enbekkýnmen qosa tәrkilenedi. Kýrdeli óndiristik qúral-saymandary tartyp alynady.
Mal sharuashylyghy men jartylay mal sharuashylyghy audandaryndaghy baylar men qúlaqtardyng maldary, ózderinen kýnkóris normasy ghana qaldyrylyp, tartyp alynsyn. Alynghan mal újymsharlargha berilsin. Mindettemeler men salyq boyynsha aqsha tólemderi tolyq qaytarylsyn. (RGASPI, 17-qor,1-tizbe,25-is,129-b).
Qazaqstanda ólkelik partiya komiytetining jәne okrugtik partiya komiytetterining janynan baylar men qúlaqtardy qysqa merzimde tap retinde joydy basqaratyn arnayy «ýshtikter» qúryldy. Ólkelik partiya komiyteti janyndaghy «ýshtiktin» (tóraghasy F.Goloshekiyn) 1930 jyly qantardyng 23-inde ótken alghashqy mәjilisinde-aq Qazaqstannyng jappay újymdastyru audandarynan 20 myng bay men qúlaqty janúyalarymen shúghyl týrde elsiz japan dalagha jer audaru turaly sheshim qabyldanyp, jauyzdyq әreketter arqyly iske asyryldy (Búl da sonda, 172-b).
1930 jyldyng nauryz aiynyng basynda Stalinning «Tabystardan bas ainalu» atty maqalasy jәne BKP(b) Ortalyq Komiytetining «Kolhoz qozghalysynda partiya baghytynyng búrmalaularymen kýres turaly» qaulysy jariyalandy. Stalin barlyq kinәni jergilikti qyzmetkerlerge audardy. Qazaqstan ólkelik komiyteti de osy әdisti qoldandy.

75 jyl boyy tarihshylargha újymdastyru isine terenirek ýniluge, kólenkeli jaqtaryna kónil bóluge tyiym salyndy. Kerisinshe, kóshpeli, jartylay kóshpeli sharuashylyqtardy otyryqshylyqqa ainaldyru men jappay újymdastyru Qazan tónkerisinen keyingi sosializm jolyndaghy «ekinshi revolusiya» dep daurygha dәripteldi. Stalinning jeke basyna tabynushylyq kezinde újymdastyru tarihy búrmalap kórsetildi, aqiqat jasyryldy.
Újymdastyru qarsanynda Qazaqstan territoriyasynyng 75 payyzy kóshpeli mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysyp, 25-i ghana otyryqshylyq jaghdayda bolghan edi. Kolhoz qozghalysy bastalghangha deyin KSRO dep atalatyn elde 24,5 million jeke menshik sharua sharuashylyghy bar edi, onyng ishinde 8,5 million kedey, 15 million orta sharuashylyq jәne 1 millionnan astam kulak sharauashylyghy bolatyn. (RGASPI, 558-qor,1-tizbe, 21-is, 229 b.).
1926 jylghy býkilodaqtyq sanaq boyynsha qazaq sharuashylyqtarynyng 2,6 payyzy, orys, ukrain sharuashylyqtarynyng 7,1 payyzy kisi enbegin qanaytyn. (Vsesoyznaya perepisi naseleniya. 1626, M., 1928,25-tom, s.z.).
Al Ólkelik partiya komiyteti jappay újymdastyru kezinde bay men jartylay feodaldardyng ýles salmaghy 5-7 payyz degen jansaq derekti basshylyqqa aldy. Sóitip, 10 mynnan astam orta sharuashylyqtar eshqanday negizsiz bay men jartylay feodaldyng qataryna qosyldy.
Ortasha sharualargha әkimshiler tarapynan zәbir kórsetildi. Tek 1929 jyly újymdastyrudyng alghashqy sәtinde ghana 56408 sharua jauapqa tartylyp, onyng 34 mynnan astamy sottaldy.
1932 jyly shyqqan memleket mýlkin saqtau turaly Zangha sәikes bir uys biday ýshin atu jazasy men 10 jyl týrmede otyru belgilendi. Búl zang boyynsha alghashqy jyly-aq 33.345 adam sottalghan, onyng 7728-i kolhozshy, 5315-i jeke sharua edi. Búl zang shyqpay túryp 1931 jyldyng ózinde astyq dayyndaugha baylanysty 79 adam atylghan.
1928 jyldan bastap jýrgizilgen tәrkileuden keyin jalghasqan 1931-32 jyldardaghy ashtyq, ýsti-ýstine salynghan salyq auyrtpalyghy halyqty ashyndyryp, narazylyq kóterilisterine jalghasty.
Qazaqstanda 1929-1931 jyldary 372 kóterilis bolyp, olargha 80 myngha juyq adam qatysty. Ásirese Sozaq, Shemonaiha, Búqtyrma, Yrghyz, Qazaly, Qarmaqshy, Abyraly, Býiin-Aqsu, Shynghystau, Qastek, Balqash, Shúbartau, Manghystau jәne basqa audandarda sharua qozghalystary erekshe qasiretimen әigili boldy.
Túraqty әskerlerding jәne OGPU organdarynyng kýshimen bas kótergen halyqqa ayausyz jazalau sharasy jýrgizildi. 1929-1931 jyldary iri kóterilister men tolqulargha qatysqany ýshin osy organdardyng ózi ghana 5551 adamdy sottap, onyng 883-in atyp jiberdi. Jalpy alghanda kýshtep újymdastyru kezinde 100 mynnan astam adam jazalandy.
Almaty, Shymkent, Semey, Áulieata, Qyzylorda, Aqtóbe, Qostanay jәne basqa da qalalardyng kóshelerinde ashtan ólip jatqandar kóp boldy. Olardy jinap, kómuge arnayy jasaqtar qúryldy. Alys auyldardan qalalyq jerge jete almaghan bayghús analar balalaryn sugha laqtyrugha, tastap ketuge mәjbýr boldy. 1932 jyldyng 5-6 qantarynda Áulieatada bir shayhanada ýsip ólgen 20 balanyn, qaladan 84 eresek adamnyng denesi tabyldy.
Torghay, Betbaqqara audandarynda halyqtyng 20-30 payyzy qyrylyp, qalghandary bas saughalap bezip ketti. Shalqar audanyndaghy keybir auyldarda adamdardyng 30-35 payyzy ashtan óldi. Jalpy Aqtóbe oblysy boyynsha 1930 jyly shildedegi 1.012500 adamnan 1932 jyly 725800-i ghana qaldy (71 payyz). Qazaqstannyng basqa oblystary men audandarynda jaghday osynday edi.
Bekbolat MUSTAFINNING esteliginen:
- Bir joly meni Ólkelik partiya komiytetining komissiyasy qúramynda Abraly audanyna jiberdi... Jol ezilip, my batpaq bolyp jatty. Jol-jónekey kóligimiz audarylyp qaldy. Jayaulap, jalpylap, auyldan-auylgha ótip kelemiz. Ólmeli shal-kempirler ghana qalghan. Jol boyy súlap jatqan adamdar. Shamamyz kelgenshe joldan shetke shygharyp, betin japqan bolamyz.
- Búdan keyin Ertis audanyna keldik. Múnda da sol jaghday, audan partiya úiymynyng hatshysy qoryqqan boluy kerek, ólikterdi bir ýige ýiip qoyypty. Jataghan tamnyng janynan ótip bara jatqanymyzda qúlaghymyzgha әldekimning ynyrsyghan dauysy keldi. Ýige kirip barsaq, tolghan ólik. Ynyrsyp, tiri jatqandary da bar... («Leninshil jas», 1987, 20 nauryz).
Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydentining múraghatynda myna bir hat saqtalghan.

BK(b) Ólkelik partiya komiyteti
Hatshy Mirzoyan joldasqa
Sovnarkom Isaev joldasqa

Sizge mynany habarlaudy ózimning paryzym dep sanaymyn. Azyq-týlik tapshylyghyna baylanysty auyr jaghday qalyptasyp otyrghan Qostanay, Fedorov jәne Qarabalyq audandaryndaghy europalyq újymsharlarda birqatar adamdardyng ashtan ólgen oqighalary oryn aldy. Men búl arada qazaqtardyng jaghdayy turaly aityp otyrghan joqpyn. Olardyng jaghdayynyng bizding oblysta qanday ekenin jaqsy bilesiz.
...Qostanay audanynda ashtyqtan adam etin jeu siyaqty qorqynyshty oqighalar beleng aluda. Atap aitqanda:
a) Azamat Tkalich N.M. 25 jasta. Ýilengen. Ashyqqan song әieli ekeui birigip, tuysqandary - újymshargha kirer qaqpanyng kýzetshisi Bronevikti óltirip, jep qoyghan.
b) Azamat Kovalenko E.U. 52 jasta. Áyeli ashtan ólgen. Ashyqqan song ózining bajasynyng әieli - Kliymenkovany úiyqtap jatqan kezinde baltamen shauyp óltirip, birneshe kýn sonyng etin azyq etken.
v) Azamat Korolikov E.S. 34 jasta. Alghashqy kezde týrli qaldyqtarmen, ittermen, mysyqtarmen korektenip jýrgen bolsa, al keyin kulaktyng qyzy (kórshisining qyzy) - Avuylova Mariyany baltamen óltirip, 3 kýn boyy osy etpen jan saqtaghan.
..Sizge basqa audandardaghy mәlimetter turaly habarlaugha mýmkindikting joqtyghynan, bizding oblystyng týrli audan audandaryndaghy újymsharlardyng birazyndaghy jaghday da dәl osynday kýide ekenin aitugha tiyispin.
A.Ivanov, 2 mamyr, 1933 jyl. Qostanay qalasy (QR Preziydentining Múraghaty, 141-qor,1-tizbe, 5814-is,143-b)
«Tezirek qol ýshin berinizder. Ózegimiz talyp, ashtyqtan ýzilip baramyz» degen sipattaghy hattar men jedelhattar Goloshekin men Isaevtyng atyna qarday borap jatty...
Tabanyn tas tilip, kózin qargha shúqyp, ashtyqtan esi auyp, birining etin biri jeytin halge úshyraghan jandardyng dәlme-dәl esebin bizge endi eshqanday qúpiya múraghat ta bere almaydy.
Degenmen, qazirding ózinde de belgili bolyp qalghan nәrseler az emes. 1930-1933 jylghy asharshylyq halqymyzdyng qabyrghasyn kýiretti. Demograf-ghalym M.Tәtimovtyng mәlimeti boyynsha 2 million 20 mynnyng ýstinde nemese últymyzdyng 52 payyzy opat boldy deydi. (Qazaqstan. Últtyq ensiklopediya. 1-tom. 1998,552-bet). Kommunistik solaqay sayasatqa, asharshylyqqa, qysymgha shydamay 1930 jyldyng basynan 1931 jyldyng ortasyna deyin, yaghny bir jarym jylda 281230 sharua qojalyghy, 1 million 30 myng adam shet elge bosyp ketkendigi de halqymyzdyng ósuine eleuli núqsan keltirdi. Endi osy shyghyndardy qazaq halqynyng basynan ótken aldynghy jәne keyingi shyghynmen salystyryp bayqayyq. Búl shyghyn «aqtaban shúbyryndy» shyghynnan eki ese, Úly Otan soghysynyng tura jәne janama shyghynmen salystyrghanda alty esege asyp týsedi.
Bizding halqymyz osy shyghyndardy tek 1980 jyldary ghana toltyryp, endi ghana damu jolyna týsti.

Ákimshildik zorlyqtyn, asyra silteuler men soraqy búrmalaulardyng alghashqy kórinisteri-aq partiya jәne sovet organdaryna enbekshilerding telegrammalary, hattary men ótinish shaghymdarynyng tasqynyn tughyzdy. Qazaqstan Júmysshy-Sharua Inspeksiyasy halyq komissariatynyng aryz-shaghym qabyldaytyn ortalyq burosy 1930 jyldyng ózinde sonday hat-habarlardyng 17 mynnan astamyn aldy. Habarlaushylardyng kópshiligi ózderining jeke múndary turaly jazdy. Biraq olardyng ishinde mәseleni әldeqayda kenirek qoyyp, ózi turaly emes, jalpyhalyqtyq apat turaly dabyl qaqqan, jaghdaydy týzetuding naqty sharalaryn úsynghan adamdar da boldy.
1932 jylghy 4 shildede VKP(b) Qazaq Ólkelik komiytetine auyl sharuashylyghyn basqarudaghy óreskel qatelikterdi, qazaq auylyn sosialistik qayta qúrudaghy asyra silteulerdi synaghan bir top kommunister - Gh.Mýsirepovtin, M.Ghataulinnin, M.Dәuletqaliyevtin, E. Altynbekov pen Q.Quanyshevting haty («Beseuding haty») týsti.
Osy hat boyynsha ólkelik komiytet burosy 1932 jyldyng 15 shilde kýni arnauly qauly qabyldady. Onda bylay delingen:
«Senimsizdik túnghiyghyna batty, ýreyge týsti, ózderining pikirlerin 24 mausymda jinalyp, mәjiliste talqylap, 4 shildede Ólkelik komiytet atyna bergen dokumentti jazdy, sóitip olar onshyl opportunistik últshyl elementterding yqpalyna týsti. Búl Qazaqstandy sosialistik jolmen joqqa qúru jәne lenindik últ sayasatynyng jetistikterin tolyghynan qayta shygharu, tek qana kemshilikterdi algha tosu, Ólkelik komiytetting iske asyryp jatqan baghytyn synap, obektivti týrde Sәduaqasov pen Qojanovtyng pozisiyasyna kóshu» (RGASPI, f.17, op.1, d.25, l.121).
1932 jyldyng tamyzynda VKP(b) qazaq ólkelik komiytetining buro mýshesi, qazaq ASSR Halyq Komissarlar Kenesining tóraghasy Oraz Isaev IY.Stalinge hat joldady. Onda Qazaqstandaghy ónim dayyndau nauqandaryna, újymdastyru men asharshylyqqa baylanysty barlyq problemalar kompleksi ashyq kórsetildi.

O.Isaev Stalinge hatynyng sonynda:

«Álbette, bizding olqylyqtarymyzdyng býkil kinәsin bir ghana adamgha artugha bolmaydy. Múnda ólkelik komiytetting býkil burosy tútastay kinәli. Tikeley men ólkelik komiytetting de, Qazaqstandaghy bizding býkil júmysymyzdyng da olqylyqtary men qatelikteri ýshin belgili bir jauapkershilikti óz moynyma alamyn, óitkeni men Qazaqstannyng basshy qyzmetkerimin. Biraq júmysty sheshushi týrde qayta qúryp, basshylyqty kýsheytu ýshin ólkelik komiytet basshylyghyn janghyrtyp, janartu kerek. Birinshi hatshynyng airyqsha roli jalpygha mәlim. Óz basym bylay dep oilaymyn: Goloshekin joldas ólkelik komiytetting de, tikeley ózining de qatelikteri ýshin aitylatyn synnyng negizinde sheshushi betbúrysqa qajetti kýshti boyynan taba almaydy. (RGASPIY,558-qor, 1 tizbe, 2520-is,142-150 bb.).
Áriyne, qazaqstanda bolghan opat ýshin Goloshekinmen qatar Isaevting ózi de jauap beredi. Ol ólkelik komiytetting ózge mýshelerimen birge kinәni bólisuden bas tartqan da emes. Halyqty qyrylyp qaludan saqtau ýshin T.Rysqúlov Qazaqstangha RSFSR Halyq Komissarlar Kenesi tarapynan qyzmetker jiberip, isting mәn jayyn anyqtaydy. Mine, osy oqighadan keyin ol respublikada auyl sharuashylyghyn újymdastyru kezinde oryn alghan asyra silteushilikter, onyng orasan zor zardaptary turaly IY.V.Stalinge hat jazyp, qabyldauynda bolady.
Onyng Stalinge jazghan ýsh haty (1932 jylghy 29 qyrkýiekte, 1933 jylghy 31 qantarda jәne 9 nauryzda) saqtalghan.

P.S.«Eki túighyn jabylsa, qazdyng sory» demekshi, Stalin men Goloshekinning «shúghyl sharalary» jergilikti qazaqtardyng soryn qaynata týsti. Úly nәubet jyldary orny tolmas apatqa úshyraghan tútas bir halyq tarihyndaghy azaly aqiqat osynday.
Búl kezeng tarihta «úly jút» dep te atalady. Qazaq halqynyng asa iri tragediyasyn tanytu ýshin «úly» sózining әdetten tys maghynada qoldanylyp túrghany týsinikti.
Osylaysha qazaq halqy ózining ata júrtynda otyryp óz ana tilinen, últtyq ereksheliginen, óz memlekettigin sezinuden aiyrmaqshy bolghan qauipti qara syzyqty alghash ret attaghan edi.
El basyna qara búlt tóndirgen, qazaq halqyn qyrghyngha úshyratqan, jerinen bezinuge mәjbýr etken, Últ arazdyghyn qozdyrghan úly derjavalyq shovinizmning otyna may qúighan Filipp Goloshekin Qazaqstandy segiz jyl sergeldenge salyp, 1933 jylghy 21 qantarda ornynan alyndy. Songhy sózinde ol ózining býkil sәtsizdigin qazaq kommunisterine audarugha tyrysyp baqty. Belgili ghalym, marqúm Manash Qozybaev jazghanday, ol qazaq kommunisterining bir tobyn eshbir tәrbiyege kónbeytin, paydalanugha mýmkin emes últshyl uklonister qataryna jatqyzdy. Ekinshi kategoriyasyn - jaghdaygha qaray bet perdesin ózgertip otyratyn hameleongha tenedi. Álbette ýshinshi top - óz qatelerin bir ghana Goloshekinge audarghysy keletin aramzalar. Demek, Qazaqstannan birden-bir ary taza kommunist kóre almaghan. Mәskeuge KSRO Halyq Komissarlary Sovetining janyndaghy memlekettik bas arbitri bolyp ketip bara jatyp ta ózining osynau aram pighylyn jasyra almady.
Eldi qu taqyrgha otyrghyzyp, halyqty qyrghan adam aqyrynda ózine layyqty baghasyn aldy. 1934 jylghy 24 qazanda Beriyanyng núsqauy boyynsha ony Kuybyshev oblysyndaghy VKP(b) Qazaqstan ólkelik partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshysy bolyp Levon Isaevich Mirzoyan saylandy.

Tileu KÓLBAEV, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor

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