Serik Erghali, sayasattanushy. Kósege býitse kógerer
Atalmysh maqala 1992 jyly "Aqtóbe" gazetinde jariyalanghan "Kósege qaytse kógerer?" atty maqalanyng jalghasy retinde 1994 jyly jazylyp, Qazaqstan preziydentine, sol kezdegi bas ministr Á. Qajygeldinmen onyng orynbasary N.Shәikenovke jóneltilgenmen, basylym betterinde jaryq kórmegen. Maqalanyng búdan segiz jylgha juyq búryn 1994 jyly jazylghanyna qaramastan, elding damuy sonshalyqty ilgeri kete qoymaghandyqtan, naqty mәselelerdi sheshuge úsynylghan úsynystar әli de óz mәnin joya qoyghan joq.
Desek te, materialdaghy keybir jayttar býgingi adamgha týsiniksiz boluy mýmkin, búl qansha degenmen jiyrma jylgha juyq uaqyt búrynghy el ahualyn eskerip jazylghan dýnie ekeni belgili.Óitkeni, búl enbek jazylghan uaqyt - memleketti qúru men qalyptastyru turasyndaghy ýlken izdenister kezeni bolatyn.Mәselen, elding demografiyalyq jaghdayy men aumaghynyng araqatysyn esrkere kelgende, әkimshilik-aumaqtyq bólinisti qayta qarau әli de kýn tәrtibinen týspegen taqyryp.Alayda, maqalada kóterilgen keybir mәsele býgingi kýn túrghysynan eskirgendigin de joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy.
Sonymen birge, atalmysh enbekte aitylghan kóptegen úsynystar kezinde memlekettik sheshim qabyldaugha óz yqpalyn tiygizgendigin kózi qaraqty oqyrman el tarihyn oisha shola otyryp jәne jariyalanyp otyrghan maqalagha zer sala otyryp kózin jetkizer degen oidamyz.Material memleketshil oqyrmangha arnalghan.
Atalmysh maqala 1992 jyly "Aqtóbe" gazetinde jariyalanghan "Kósege qaytse kógerer?" atty maqalanyng jalghasy retinde 1994 jyly jazylyp, Qazaqstan preziydentine, sol kezdegi bas ministr Á. Qajygeldinmen onyng orynbasary N.Shәikenovke jóneltilgenmen, basylym betterinde jaryq kórmegen. Maqalanyng búdan segiz jylgha juyq búryn 1994 jyly jazylghanyna qaramastan, elding damuy sonshalyqty ilgeri kete qoymaghandyqtan, naqty mәselelerdi sheshuge úsynylghan úsynystar әli de óz mәnin joya qoyghan joq.
Desek te, materialdaghy keybir jayttar býgingi adamgha týsiniksiz boluy mýmkin, búl qansha degenmen jiyrma jylgha juyq uaqyt búrynghy el ahualyn eskerip jazylghan dýnie ekeni belgili.Óitkeni, búl enbek jazylghan uaqyt - memleketti qúru men qalyptastyru turasyndaghy ýlken izdenister kezeni bolatyn.Mәselen, elding demografiyalyq jaghdayy men aumaghynyng araqatysyn esrkere kelgende, әkimshilik-aumaqtyq bólinisti qayta qarau әli de kýn tәrtibinen týspegen taqyryp.Alayda, maqalada kóterilgen keybir mәsele býgingi kýn túrghysynan eskirgendigin de joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy.
Sonymen birge, atalmysh enbekte aitylghan kóptegen úsynystar kezinde memlekettik sheshim qabyldaugha óz yqpalyn tiygizgendigin kózi qaraqty oqyrman el tarihyn oisha shola otyryp jәne jariyalanyp otyrghan maqalagha zer sala otyryp kózin jetkizer degen oidamyz.Material memleketshil oqyrmangha arnalghan.
«Abay-aqparat»
Andatu
"Qayta qúru" úranymen bastalghan kenestik jýieni damytu iydeyasy on jylgha sozylyp, aqyry sol jýienin ydyrauymen ayaqtalyp otyr. "Odaqtyn" ydyrau nәtiyjesi Evraziya qúrlyghynda jana memleketterdin boy kóterip, olardyng jana qogham qúrugha iytermeledi. Atalmysh on jyl kenestik mentaliytetting sarsangha týse ydyrap, jana psihologiya men jana kózqarasqa negizdelgen jana әreket qana jana qogham tudyratynyn moyyndatuda. Sonymen, kelmeske ketken kenesshildik joyylghanymen, aldymyzdan jana qogham qúrudyn obektivti jaghdayy biz kýtkendey qúshaghyn jaymady. Osylaysha, egemendik elesti qughyzghan on jyldyn qalay ótkenin de bayqamay qalypyz.
Egemendik degenimiz - jana qogham qúru eken. Al, biz onyn ýstine jana formasiyaly qoghamdy qolgha aludamyz. Janany qúru ýshin eskinin joyyluy zandy bolsa, sol eskinin ydyrauyna "enbek etken" on jyl bos ketti deuge negiz joq. Búl merzim eski jýieni joigha júmsalghan bolyp shyqty. Demek, qazirgi ekonomikalyq bojyrau men әleumettik әlsizdik - qalay oilaghanda da obektivtik jayt.Endeshe, qazaqtyn "ótken iske ókinbe" deui "obektivtilikti moyyndap, búdan bylay subektivtik әreketti talap etetin zamangha dayyn bol" degeni eken.
Qazirgi, yryqty ekonomikany óz erkine kóndirip, damyghan el atanghan memleketterdin tarihy men tәjiriybesin saralay kelgende, yryqty ekonomikanyn negizin salghan qos faktorgha nazarymyz audy:
1. Ýilestiru faktory - eldin bar mýmkindigin ekonomikanyn óristeuine tiyimdi de intensivti týrde ýilestire biletin ókimet (demokratiyalyq pa, totalitarly ma, avtoritarly ma - bәribir);
2. Ýilesim faktory - yryqty ekonomikalyq qatynasqa psihologiyalyq, daghdylyq jәne mentaliytettik jaghynan dayyndyghy bar halyq.
Sóitip, jana ekonomika ýshin en bastysy: eldin sauattylyghy, jerdin baylyghy emes, sheteldin qarajaty da, tәjiriybesi de emes, en әueli ekonomikalyq óskinnin býr jaruy ýshin tól topyraq bolyp tabylatyn halyqtyn basqa eshtenege alandamay, menshik qarjysy bolugha dayyndyghy men ókimettin yryqty ekonomikany mengere alatynday qabiletti boluy. Al, qalghanynyn barlyghy jolayy payda bolyp, nәtiyjesin jolshybay qosatyn qosymsha faktorlar. Ózgenin, basqa eldin aqylyna zәru emes ókimet qana alansyz, óz elinin potensialyna sýienip, syrtqy әleuetti tarta alady. Óitpegende, ókimet ózge elding týrli sharalaryn óz elinin potensialy men jaghdayyn eskermey engizumen әure bolyp, basqarylu obektisin bojyratyp, basqaru subektisin qúray almaydy. Ár eldin óz "ghajayyby" ózinin ishki mýmkindigine barynsha negizdelip, syrtqa jaghdaygha beyimdele alghanda ghana payda bolady.
Basty faktor retinde atalyp jýrgen shetel investisiyasyn jetkilikti týrde tartu sonshalyqty qiyn emes, eger de batyl da naqty zandar qoryn qabyldaytyn Parlament qabiletti bolsa; Ýkimet jaghdaydy óndirimpazdyq baghytqa búrsa; korrupsiya sonshalyqty qaterge ainalmas edi, eger de sot organynyn qúrylymy men qauqary әdildik jolynda qatal qúqyqtyq sipatqa iye bolsa. Sóitip, ókimettin ýsh bútaghy bir birimen iyt- yrqyljyn qatynastan góri, birin biri tolyqtyru qatynasyna kóship, birtútas ókimet qúrap, ýilestiru faktoryn negizdegende ghana sony asu alynar. Al, basqasha jaghdayda qogham qajetti uaqytyn qajetsiz sergeldenge sarp etedi.
Sonday-aq, qojalyq psihologiyany boyyna darytyp ýlgermegen halyq yryqty ekonomikanyn ýilesim faktoryn qúray almaydy. Sondyqtan jekeshelendiru sayasaty halyq qanshalyqty qojalyq qasiyetke iye boluyna say jýrgizilu qajet edi. Eger jekeshelendiru qoghamdaghy qojayyndyq sipattan keshikse, nemese ozyp ketse, ol prosess belgili bir teris nәtiyjege tireledi.
Alayda, ýilestiru faktory ýilesim faktorynyn qalyptasuyn jetelep, onyn ózdiginen qalyptasuyn kýtip, bosqa uaqyt ótkizbegeni abzal. Aytalyq, qaladan góri auylda әli kýnge qojayyndyq minez tolyq qalyptasqan joq jәne búghan ókimet tarapynan qajetti jaghday, ýgit, nasihat jetkilikti de, kórnekti de emes.
Sonymen, sayyp kelgende eldegi jana ekonomikalyq qatynas ýilestiru men ýilesim faktorlarynyng ornyghyp, olardyn bir birine qatynasynyn әdildik, qúqyqtyq sipatynyn qalyptasuyna kórinis tabady da, basqa jaghdaydyn barlyghy osy kórinistin qajettiliginen tuyndap, rettelip otyrady. Óitkeni, ýilesim faktory bolyp tabylatyn halyq sonymen birge yryqty ekonomikanyn basty obektisi de, ol ýilestiru faktory bolyp sanalatyn ókimet, sonymen qatar yryqty ekonomikanyng basty subektisi ghoy.
Qúrghaly otyrghan qoghamnyn qúqyqqa negizdelgen demokratiyalyq qogham bolghandyqtan, oghan sәikes әdiletti әreket pen jana qúrylym jasamay, nәtiyjege jetu mýmkin emes ekenin eskeretin uaqyt jetti.
Jogharyda atalghan jaytty qalyptastyryp, damuyn jedeldetetin sharalar úsyna otyryp, búlardyn jýzege asu joldary men argumentin kópshiliktin óz talqysyna qaldyrudy jón kórdik.
Jogharghy Kenes
Markstik - Lenindik ilim Kenestik jýienin arqauy bolsa, demokratiyalyq qoghamnyn arqauy - adam men qoghamnyn bir birine qatynasyn mindet pen qúqyqqa negizdegen zandar. Al, demokratiyalyq qoghamnyng bar bolmysy men bitimin әigileytin aynasy - JK (Jogharghy Kenes). Sol sebepti JK qanshalyqty újym retinde qalyptassa, sonshalyqty onyn demokratiyalyq organ bolghany, sonshalyqty zanshygharys isine qabyletti bolghany. JK qoghamgha en aldymen zan shygharumen enbek sinirip, yqpal etedi.
JK - ting kemeldenuine tilektes bola otyryp, mynday úsynys:
- eki jarym jylgha deyin JK deputattary saylaushylar aldyndaghy esepti, 3-5 deputattan qúralghan toppen ózderi saylanghan okrugpen shektelmey, jalpylama el aralaumen almastyru; el aralau qabyldanghan zandar men normativtik aktylardyn ómirshendigi men iske asyryluyn tekseruge, ekonomika men әleumettik jaghdaydyn keri ketu sebepterin izdeuge negizdelu qajet;
- әrbir deputattyn zanjobany dayyndaugha qatysy turaly saylaushylargha túraqty týrde mәlimet beru;
- әrbir deputattyn mәjiliske qatysymy turaly mәlimetti túraqty týrde jariyalau;
- әrbir deputattyn óz ghúmyryna tvorchestvalyq salagha qanshalyqty qatysy barlyghy turaly mәlimet jariyalap túru;
- qabyldanghan zanjoba avtorlarynyn enbegin aqylau jәne zanjoba jasaudaghy bәsekelestik tughyzu jolynda Ýkimetpen birlesken zanshygharys qoryn úiymdastyru.
Sot
Ókimetting Sot biyligin jana jaghdaygha beyimdeu onyn qazirgi "ýshbasty" sipatyn birtútastandyrumen baylanysty. Birtútas biyliktin bir birimen baylanyssyz memlekettik ýsh organgha jiktelui basqa dәiekti bylay qoyghanda aqylgha syimaydy.
Naqty týrde Sot qúrylymy turaly mynaday úsynys: Konstitusiyalyq jәne Jogharghy Sot pen tórelik(arbitrlyq) sottardy biriktirip, bir ghana Últtyq Sot qúru qajet; Últtyq Sot jogharghy jәne tómengi kollegiyadan túrady.
Jogharghy kollegiya Konstitusiya jәne memlekettik dengeyli sipattaghy sottyq isti qaraydy, al Últtyq Sottyn tómengi kollegiyasy sharuashylyq jәne jogharghy kollegiya qarauyna enbeytin sottyq isterdi qaraydy. Jogharghy kollegiya 9 adamnan: tórteuin Jogharghy Kenes, tórteuin Preziydent taghayyndaydy da, tóraghany Preziydent úsynuymen Joghary Kenes bekitedi. Al, tómengi kollegiya qúramyn týgeldey Preziydent taghayyndaydy.
Jergilikti sottar da eki kollegiyadan: azamattyq is jónindegi jәne sharuashylyq sot kollegiyalarynan túrady. Jergilikti sudiyalardy Preziydent ghúmyrboyy merzimge taghayyndap, al tóraghalardy (búl jerde audandyq sottar jóninde) maslihattyn úsynysymen Preziydent bekitedi.
Ákimshilik - aumaqtyq bólinis
Qazaqstannyng әkimshilik - aumaqtyq bólinisi (ÁB) jana formasiyagha oray, yryqty ekonomikalyq qatynastyng sipaty, demografiyalyq ahual men aumaqtyq mýmkindigi eskerile otyryp, qayta qúryluy qajet. Naqtylay aitqanda, ÁB qazirgi oblystyq zvenonyng joyylyp, deldal әkimshilik bólinisti uaqyt talabyna say memlekettik organdarmen almastyru arqyly basy artyq әkimshil - әmirshil jýiening týbirimen alastauyna batyl әreket jasalghany jón. Respublikanyng aumaghy 200 audangha bólinip, әr audan munisipialdyq mýdde men memlekettik tómengi auqymdaghy mýddening obektisi bolady. Audandar ekonomikalyq qauqaryna oray shartty týrde;
- industriyaly (IA);
-agrosektorly (ASA);
-aralas (AA) bolyp jikteledi.
IA - dy iri qala, oghan tayau poselkeler, selolar men auyldar aumaghy qúraydy, al AA - dy onyng ekonomikalyq quatyn aiqyndaytyn ortasha qala men oghan tayau poselkeler, shaghyn qala, selolar men auyldar aumaghy biriktiredi. ASA bolsa, negizgi ekonomikasy auyl sharuashylyghyna negizdelgen eldi mekender men shaghyn qala, poselkelerden túrady. Elding әkimshilik-aumaqtyq bólinisining búlaysha shartty jiktelui memleket tarapynan olardyng ereksheligine oray differensialdy damytu men olardyng bir birimen integrasiyalau mýddesin kózdeudi talap etedi. Búl ýshin әr aimaqqa ornalasqan shamamen 40 audandyq ekonomikalyq - әleumettik jәne memlekettik atqaru biyligining әkimshilik arqyly bayandy boluyn úiymdastyryp jәne ýilestirip, atqaruyn baqylaytyn aymaqtyq ministrlikter sәikes aimaqqa ornalasuy qajet bolady. Sonymen el aumaghy shartty týrde bes aimaqqa: shyghys,batys,týstik, teristik jәne ortalyq bolyp bólinedi. Alayda, búl aimaqtar әkimshilik - aumaqtyq bóliniske jatpaydy, sebebi, aimaq boyynsha ókimetting ózge biylikteri (mәslihat, sot) organdaryn qúrmaydy. Sóitip, memlekettik ókimet qazirgidey 3 sóreli (yarusty) emes 2 sóreli bolyp nyghayady: jogharghy jәne tómengi. Sot biyligin alsaq - Últtyq Sot jәne audandyq sot, ókildik biylik - Jogharghy Kenes (Mәjilis) jәne audandyq (auyldyq, qalalyq, poselkelik) mәslihattar, al atqaru biyligi - Preziydent pen Ýkimet jәne audandyq (auyldyq qalalyq, poselkelik) әkimshilikter. Atqaru biyligining qyzmetin naqtylaytyn bolsaq; Ministrler kabiyneti Preziydent belgilegen mindetting strategiyalyq jәne taktikalyq sheshimin anyqtap, iske asu joldaryn naqtylaydy; Aymaqtyq ministrlik sheshimdi iske asyrudy aimaq boyynsha úiymdastyrady, ýilestiredi jәne baqylaydy, al audandyq әkimshilikter sheshimdi iske asyrudy atqarady. Audandyq әkimshilikter múnan basqa munisipaldyq mýlikterge qojalyq etip, munisipaldyq organdardy basqarady. Jergilikti ókimetting atqaru salasy boyynsha sәikes týrde auyl, poselke mengerushileri men qala әmirleri (mer) audan әkimining úsynuy arqyly mәslihattarda saylanady. Al, audan әkimi tiyisinshe Preziydent úsynysymen audandyq mәslihatta saylanady. Sonymen birge әrbir auylda, poselkede jәne qala bólikterinde (mikroaudan) aqsaqaldar alqasyn qúryp, oghan zandy týrde mynaday funksiya úsynugha bolady:
- zeynetkerler, kópbalalylar men jalghyzbastylar mәselelerin sheshuge qatysu;
- moraldyq - ruhany aqsaqaldyq sot úiymdastyru;
- sәikes aumaq boyynsha balalar men jasóspirimder tәrbiyesine aralasu t.b.
Árbir audan munisipaldyq dengeydegi derbestikke ie bolyp, ózin ózi basqarady, soghan oray әr audannyn qajeti men mýmkindigine sәikes mәdeniyet, bilim, densaulyq, tәrtip qorghau jәne kommunaldyq t.b. sala boyynsha menshigi boluy kerek.
Audandyq budjet jergilikti salyqtan qúralady, ol jetpegen jaghdayda aimaqtyq ministrlik qúzyrymen dotasiya kólemi anyqtalyp, memlekettik budjetten tolyqtyrylady.
Sóitip, әkimshilik óz qúzyry, belgili bir mólsherde óz qarajaty, mýlki arqyly jergilikti mәselelerdi sheshumen ózin ózi basqarudyng tolyqqandy birligi bolady, sonday-aq, Ýkimetting vertikal baghynystaghy tómengi zvenosy retinde memlekettik organ bolyp tabylady..
Memlekettik baghynystaghy sharuashylyq subektilerining qyzmetin ózine tiyisti aimaq mýddesinin ekonomikalyq, әleumettik jәne basqa salalary boyynsha belgilengen maqsatqa júmyldyra otyryp, sәikes Aymaqtyq ministrlik sol aimaqtaghy joyylghan oblystyq әkimshilikterding sayasi, ekonomikalyq, menshiktik, qúrylymdyq múrageri bolyp tabylady. Búl qúrylymnyng isi myghym boluy ýshin Ministrler kabiyneti jónindegi zanda arnayy bir tarau Aymaqtyq Ministrlik jóninde bolyp, al Ministrding Ýkimetke mýshe boluy qajet bolmaq.
Ákimshilik - aumaqtyq bólinisting búlaysha әlpettenui әr sala boyynsha búrynghy jergilikti mekeme, organdardyng audandyq jәne jalpymemlekettik bolyp, funksiyalyq jәne baghynys jaghynan, qarjylay, mýliktey qamtu jaghynan jikteluine tura keledi. Aytalyq, búrynghy oblystyq Ishki Ister basqarmalary biriktirilip, óz aimaqtary boyynsha bir basqarma qúraydy, yaghny 19 - dyng ornyna 5 basqarma qúrylady, al audandyq bólimder audan kólemine oray irilenip, onyn funksiyasy, әkimshilikpen ara qatysy tiyisti zanda kórsetilip, kadr, qarjy, mýlik, menshik jaghynan týgelimen jalpymemlekettik baghynysqa týsedi. Al, munisipaldyq ókimet qarauyna uchaskelik milisionerler toby men budjet shamasyna qaray ózge de bólimsheler boluy mýmkin. Sonymen, joyylghan 19 oblystyq jәne 20 - dan asa audandyq әkimshilikke tiyesili mýlikter men ýnemdelgen budjettik qarjyny bylay júmsaugha bolady:
-Janadan jasaqtalghan (irilengen) audandardyng qajetin tolyqtyru;
-qúrylghan bes Aymaqtyq Ministrlikting qajetin qanaghattandyru;
-qalghan mýlik pen qarjynyng aqshagha shaqqandaghy mólsherining jartysyn beske bólip, әr aimaqty damytu qoryn (ADQ) qúrugha bólu, al qalghan jartysyn astanany kóshiru qoryn qúrugha qosu.
ADQ Aymaqtyq ministrlik qúzyrynda bolyp, ol Qazaqstandy órkendetu bankasynyng qyzmetinen tys salany qamtugha baghyttaluy tiyis.
Sonday-aq, әrbir aimaq boyynsha Preziydentting resmy ókildi organy qúrylghany da jón bolar edi.
Sayyp kelgende, elding әkimshilik-aumaqtyq bólinisin búlaysha "oysyrata" ózgertuge yryqty ekonomikaly demokratiyalyq qogham jaghdayynda tiyimdi de qauqarly jәne arzan basqaru tetigin qúraugha iytermeleytinine kóp úzamay-aq kóz jetedi. Al, qazirgi bólinisting sonshalyqty oralymsyz da iykemsiz әri qymbat ekenin, 22 mln-dyq halqy bar Ózbekstanda 13 oblys ekenin, al 17 mln-dyq Mәskeu oblysy men ózimizdi salystyru arqyly kóz jetedi. Yryqty ekonomika jaghdayynda memleket basqaru organynyng kólemi onyng demografiyalyq jәne aumaqtyq (territoriya) sipatyna baylanysty bolatynyn eskeru lәzim.
IYDEOLOGIYa
Bizding elding qazirgi jaghdayyna jana formasiyanyng prinsipteri men eldik mentaliytetke negizdelgen jana iydeologiyany birtútas iydeologiyalyq organmen naqty jýzege asyrghan jón. Búl organ Preziydent apparaty janyndaghy ekspertti-iydeologiyalyq ortalyq bolyp, onyng әr aimaq boyynsha Preziydent ókiline qaraytyn bólimsheleri bolsa.
IYdeologiya ýsh salagha: qúqyqtyq, yryqty ekonomikalyq jәne azamattyq iydeologiya bolyp bólinui tiyis.
Ár qyzmetkeri әri sarapshy, әri iydeolog bolugha tiyis.
Saraptamaly - iydeologiyalyq ortalyqqa (SIO) qoyylatyn talap azamattardyng qúqyqtyq mýmkindigin biluge, memleket aldyndaghy mindetterin sezinuge, olargha jana ekonomikalyq qatynastyn qyr - syryn tanytugha, jalpy - adamzattyq yntymaq pen әdep joldaryn nasihattap, qazaqstandyq birtútas mәdeniyet qúrugha júmyldyrumen birge, qazaqstandyqtardy patriottyqqa baghyttap, qoghamdyq, qúqyqtyq, ekonomikalyq, azamattyq salalargha sergek kózqaraspen, sarapshylyq dengeymen bagha berip otyru, Ýkimet júmysyna ishki sayasat salasy túrghysynan bagha men baghyt silteuge negizdelui qajet.
JER REFORMASY
Búl reforma jerge menshikti sipat berumen ghana jýzege aspaq. Ol ýshin Qazaqstannyng barlyq jer kólemin Jalpy memlekettik jer qory (JJQ) jәne menshikteletin jer kólemi (MJK) retinde eki bólip qarastyru qajet. MJK - ne jekeshelengen jәne oghan jatatyn barlyq obektilerding jer alany, jeke menshiktegi ýi, sayajay, garaj, týrli menshiktegi sharuashylyq, óndiris ornalasqan jer alandarynyng kólemi jatady da, al JJQ - gha qalghan jer kólemining barlyghy tiyisti bolady.JJQ memlekettik strategiyalyq jer qory bolyp tabylyp, qajetke qaray onyng belgili bir bóligi satylyp otyruy mýmkin.
MJQ jerdi reformalaudyng birden bir obektisi bolyp tabylady. Jerdi reformalau ýshin MJQ - nyng naqty sandyq shamasy anyqtalady. Árbir jan basyna tiyisti jer kólemin (JTK) jekeshelendiru arqyly sayyp kelgende reforma jýzege aspaq. MJK sandyq shamasyn Qazaqstan halqynyng sany (HS) men sheteldik qazaq diaspory sanynyng (DS) qosyndysyna bólu arqyly JTK anyqtalady: JTK = MJK: (HS+DS).
Jerdi jekeshelendiru eki tәsilding qabat jýrgizilui arqyly jýzege asady. Aldymen jeke qojalyghy (ýi, sayajay, garaj, fermerlik sharuashylyghy) bar adamdargha (janúya) JTK - nen aspaytyn jer alandarynyn jalpy kólemi qújattanady, әr obekt ornalasqan jer alanyna sәikes Jer kuәligi beriledi de, qújattanghan jer kólemi JTK - ge jetpegen jaghdayda qalghan bóligining sandyq shamasy kórsetilgen jer kupondary (JK) beriledi. Al, iyeliginde eshqanday jer kólemin qajet etetin obektisi joq adam (janúya) týgeldey JTK shamasy bar JK iyelenedi. Qoldanystaghy jer kólemi JTK - nen asyp ketse, ol adam (janúya) jer kólemining JTK - nen asqan shamasyna sәikes JK satyp alu arqyly qalghan jer alanyn óz iyeligine kóshirip qújattaydy.
Taratylghan JK jer alanyn alugha nemese qúndy qaghaz retinde satylugha mýmkindigi bolmaq, sonday-aq, olardy investisiyalyq jekeshelendiru qorlaryna (IYJQ) ótkizu arqyly aksiyagha ie bolugha jaghday tughyzyluy qajet.
Jer alany men JK satu jәne satyp alu prosesi arnayy qúrylghan Jyljusyz mýlik (nedvijimosti) birjasy (JMB) arqyly jýredi. JK- yn qabyldaghan IYJQ ony jekeshelendiru kupony tәrizdi jekeshelengen ne soghan tiyisti obektilerding jer alanyn satyp alugha júmsaydy da, JK qojayyndary sol obektining aksioneri bolyp tirkeledi.
JMB - nyn baqylau paketine memleket atynan ie bolatyn Jer qatynasy jәne ony reformalau (JQRK) komiyteti men Qúrylys ministrligi jarghylyq qordyng keminde 25% - tin jasaqtap, qalghany týrli menshikti subektiler qúraydy. JMB JK - nyn nominaly men satysqa týsken jerding 1 sharshy metrining orta narqyn aiqyndaugha jәne jerding talan - tarajgha týspeui men zansyzdyq obektisine ainalmauyna, sonday-aq týrli qaghazbastylyq pen kedergilerdi alastaugha ýles qosuy qajet. JMB óz mndetin әr aimaqtaghy filialy arqyly atqarmaq.
Jer reformasy kezinde mynalargha kónil bóluge tura keledi:
- JQRK -nyng talapqa say qayta qúryluy;
- JK - nyng azamattyq kuәligi barlar men olardyng janúyasyna jәne qazaq diasporasynyng Qazaqstandaghy ókilderi men janúyalaryna berilui, әr sheteldik qazaqqa tiyesili JK- ne sәikes jer kólemining saqtauly boluy;
- JK - ny satu men satyp alu, ony qúndy qaghazgha aiyrbastau JMB arqyly jýzege asuy;
- Jer alanynyng sheteldik (azamattargha emes) investorlargha ghana shekteuli kólemde satyluy;
- Jer alanynyng shetel azamattaryna (qazaq diasporasy men Qazaqstan azamatynan basqa) satyluyn boldyrmau;
- sheteldik investorlargha jer alanynyng kepil retinde tirkelui arnayy komissiyanyn sheshimimen ghana jýzege asuy;
- jekemenshik jer alanynyn intensivti týrde jәne kesirsiz, ziyansyz paydalanuyn túraqty nazarda ústau;
- jer alanyna qojalyq kuәligi Azamattyq kuәligi(tólqújaty) bar adamgha ghana tirkelui;
- JK - na qúndy qaghaz týrlerine salynatyn salyqtyng taraluy;
- jekeshelengen jer alanyna arnayy jer salyghynyn salynuy;
- memleketting strategiyalyq mýddesine qatysty jer alandarynyng aldyn ala aiqyndalyp, jekeshelendiru prosesi bastalmastan onyng jalpy memlekettik menshik retinde jariyalanuy;
- jer qoynauynyng memlekettik menshik ekendigi.
«Abay-aqparat»
(Jalghasy bar)