Qyzaylar Ilege qalay qonystandy?
Ile óniri jana eredan әlde qayda búryn Ýisyn elining ataqonysy bolghan. Al odan búryn qazaqtyng arghy tegining biri bolghan saqtardyng mekeni. Kýnesten tabylghan qoladan qúiylghan Saq sarbazynyng mýsini, balbal tastar men syntastar, ýisin qabirleri tarihtan qalghan bir iz, bir belgi bolyp bizge jetip otyr.
Jana eredan búrynghy IV ghasyrdyng basynda dýniyege әigili Makedoniyalyq Aleksandr joryghy (Qazaqtar Eskendyr Zulqarnayyn dep ataghan) atty kitapta aityluynsha, olar Orta Aziyagha basyp kirip Samarqantty jaulap alghanda Saq taypalarynyng erjýrek sarbazdary Aleksandyr askerlerin auyr jeniliske úshyratady. Osy joryqta Alaeksandrdyng sanyna sadaqtyng oghy tiyip óledi. Zamanymyzdaghy búrynghy III ghasyrdan bastap Syrdәriyanyng orta alqaby men Jetisu ónirin Qanlylar mekendegen. Olar zamanymyzdan búrynghy I, II ghasyrlarda batys ónirdegi beldi memleketting biri bolyp, Shynghyshan joryghynan búryn Jetisudan Ertiske deyingi ónirge ýstemdik jýrgizgen. Keyin Qanlylar basqa halyqtardyng qúramyna sinip ketken bolsa da, olardyng әdet-ghúrpy, salt-sanasyy men til jaghynan qazirgi qazaqtarmen úqsas ómir sýrgenin bir talay ghalymdar syipattaydy. Jetisu ónirine tarihta Qazaqstannyng óntýstýik shyghys bólegi men Qyzghyzstannyng soltýstýgindegi Ystyq kól óniri, Tiyan-Shannyng soltýstýk batysy, Ilening óntýstigine qaray sozylghan aimaqtar qamtylghan.
Zamanymyzdyng VI ghasyrynan bastap qúrylghan Batys týrik qaghanaty týsynda, ejelgi Ýisinning bir bútaghy bes arys el atanghan dulattar qazirgi soltýstik ShynJandy jәne Jetisu ónirine qonystanady. Qaghanattyng negizgi tiregi qazirgi Jonghar oipaty men Jetisuda boldy. Bes arys elding beldi taypasynyng biri Týrkeshter Qytaydyng Tang dәuirinde Ile men Shu ózenderi aralyghyndaghy úlan-baytaq ónirdi mekendeydi.
Al búdan songhy san yqylym zamandarda, jýieden, Qazaq handyghy týsynda handyqtyng etnikalyq negizi bolghan, qazaqtyng últtyq túlghasyn qúraugha úiytqy bolghan ýisyn, dulat, jalayyr, alban, suan siyaqty ru taypalar Ile alqabyndaghy ýsh ózenning (Qas, Kýnes, Tekes) jaghasynda kóship qonyp tirshilik etedi.
Naymandar VIII ghasyrdyng orta sheshinde Ertys ózeni men Orhon ózeni aralyghyn mekendegen Týrki tildes úlystyng biri. Shynghyshan joryghynan búryn naymandar jan sany mol, kýshti elderding biri bolghan. Shynghyshannan jenilgennen keyin nayman taypasy jonghar oipaty men Jetisu ónirine qonys audarady da Úlytau, Esil, Balqash kóli óniri, Alakól many, Syrdәriyanyng jaghasy qatarly jerlerge bytyray qonystanady.
Nayman Tólegetaydyng 4 bútaghy bolyp keletin dórtuyl, qarakerey, sadyr, mataydyng maytayynan taraytyn qyzaylar nayman babanyng 8 úrpaghy bolyp keledi de, Mataydyng shóberesi Shaghyrdan taraydy. Atalas naymandar men mataylar XVI ghasyrdyng orta sheninde Syrdәriya, Jetisu ónirine qóship-qonyp tirshilik etedi. Qazaqstandaghy Almaty oblysynyng Aqsu ózenining ong jaghynda Matay atty qalashyq bar, búl qalashyqtyng aty búryn Aqjar ónirin mekendegen matay ruynyng atymen atalghan. Qyzay anamyz tarihta «Domalaq ene» degen atpen belgili bolghan Núrila shesheyden tuady. Núrila Úly jýz ýisyn Bәidibek biyding kishi әieli. Bәidibek biyding qonysy Týrkistan qalasyna jaqyn jerdegi Syrdәriya boyyna jalghasyp jatatyn Qaratauda bolady. Qyzay anamyz Syrdәriyanyng jaghasyn jaylap otyrghan Mataydyng nemeresi Qúttybolat shanyraghyna kelin bolyp týsip, Shaghyr babamyzben ýilenedi. Búl qazaqty Esimhany biylep túrghan kez. Astanasy Týrkistan qalasy. Qyzay anamyz Shaghyrdan IYtemgen, Menys degen eki úldy bolghan song Shaghyr atamyz qaytys bolyp, Toqtar Qojamen ýilenip Begimbet, Derbis atty eki úldy bolady da, qaytys bolghan song Syrdәriyanyng tómengi alqabyndaghy Aqshy degen jerde dýniyeden ótedi. Tórt úl anasynyng atymen qyzay atanady.
Jongharlar kýsheye bastaghan XVII ghasyrdyng ortacynan bastap, qazaq jerine shabuyl jasap kiredi. XVII ghasyrdyng sonynda XVIII ghasyrdyng basynda jonghar shapqynshylary Qazaq jerine dýrkin-dýrkin soghys qozghaydy. Syrdәriya boyyndaghy qala ortalyqtaryn basyp alugha úrynghan jonghar shapqynshylary 1683 jyly Tauke han jana biylik qúrghan týsta halyqty qatty qyrghyndaydy. Osy soghystyng zardabynan Orta jýz tótenshe kýizeledi. Jerinen auyp, bet-betine jan saughalap, bosqyndyqqa kiriptar bolady. Syrdәriya boyyn úzaq jyl mekendegen Shaghyr úrpaqtarynyng bәibisheden tughandary batysqa, qyzay anamyzdan tughandary ózimen atalas rulardan búrynyraq Shyghysqa Ayagóz, Kóksalagha auyp barady. El auzynda «Qyzaydan búryn Ayagóz boyyna irgesi tiygen el joq» degen sóz bar dep jazdy «Tauarih hamsanyn» avtory Qúrbanghaly Halidiy.
«Esengeldi» dastannyndaghy:
Osylay Ayakózge keldi qyzay,
Qaldyryp kindik kesken jerdi qyzay.
Suy bal, jeli júpar, shóbi dәri,
Qyzyghyn Aayagózding kórdi qyzay.
Keshegi Abylaydyng zamanynda,
Kóksala, Ayagóz bop orny qyzay, – degen óleng joldary da Ayagózding qúiqaly kezinde qyzaylar elden búryn kelip tirshilik etkenin derekteydi.
Soghys zardabynan XVIII ghasyrdyng basynda qazaq halqy «Aqtaban shúbyryndy, alqa kól súlama» syndy zar zamandy bastan ótkizdi. Osy taqsyretti tústa qyzay auyldary atalas nayman–mataylarmen irgesi bólinbey ilgerindi-keyindi Qyzay tauy, Shu ózeni, Alatau, Alakól, Zaysan kóli, Ayagóz, Kóksala ónirlerinde jer audaryp, kóship-qonyp jaghalasyp ómir ótkizdi. Jongharlardyng tegeurini qatty batqan yzaly elden ne bir sanlaq batyrlar eli ýshin atoylap algha shyghyp, erligimen de, aqyl parasatymen de elding eldigin saqtap, erding erligin tanytty (olar jayly aldyda toqtalamyz). Mine, osynday myng ólip, myng tirilip jýrgen qyzay eli joyylyp ta, joghalyp ta ketpedi. Qayta Qyzay anamyzdyng sharapaty tiygen, batasyn alghan úrpaqtary ósip-ónip, «Qyzay» atanghan irgeli júrtqa ainalady.
Aqtaban shúbyryndynyng auyr jyldary ótip, 1728 jylghy qazaq-oyrat ortasynda bolghan qiyan-keski shayqasta qazaq qosyndary oirattardy Saryarqadan keyin shegindiredi. 1730 jyly Anyraqay shayqasynan bastap qazaqtardyng aiy onynan tuyp, es jiyp, ense kótere bastady. Osy soghystardyng kópshiligi Orta jýz jerinde jýrgendikten, Orta jýz qazaqtary súrapyl soghystyng ótinde úrys salady. 1733 jyly Orta jýzding hany Abilmambet bastaghan qazaq qosyny oirattardy auyr jeniliske úshyratqan shayqasta (Abylaydyng Qalmaqtyng batyry Sharyshtyng basyn alghan shayqas) Abylay jýrek jútqan batyrlyghymen de, ailaly aqyldylyghymen de kózge týsip, ataq danqyn asyrady. 1752 jyldyng qazan aiynda 200 jylgha jalghasqan Qazaq-oyrat soghysynda týbegeyli búrylys boldy. Abylay han Ayagóz, Naryn soghysynda oirattardyng negizgi kýshin talqandap, 1754 jyly Qabanbay batyr oirattardyng ortalyghy Ile onirine 10 mynnan artyq qolmen joryq jasap kirip, oirattardy Ileden quyp shyghady. 1755 jyly Sin patshalyghy jongharlardy tynyshtandyru soghysyn jýrgizedi.
Qyzaylar Ayagózdi mekendep túrghan týsta, 1757 jyly 17 mamyrda Abylayhannyng senimdi ókili Ábilpeyiz súltan men Sin imperiyasynyng qolbasshysy Fudy arasynda Ayagóz boyynda «Mamyr su kelsimi» jasalyp qyzaydyng Esengeldi batyry by salauatymen keneske qatysady. Qyzay eli bitimge qatynasqan qonaqtardy kýtiuge at salysady. Qazaq hany Abylay han Sin ókimetimen tize qosa otyryp, 1757 jyly jongharlardy tynyshtandyru soghysyn týbegeyli ayaqtaydy. Osy soghysta kózge týsip, esimi elding eldigin saqtaghan Bógenbay, Qabanbay, Jәnibek batyrlarmen birge attanyp, san soghysta qol bastaghan batyr Ablaydyng ýzengiles serigi, Qyzay elining bii Esenkeldi Qúdaynazarúly (1680-1765) edi.
1757 jyly jongharlardy tynyshtandyru soghysy ayaqtaghan son, halyq bir mezgil soghys alasapyrandyghynan qútylyp, es jiya bastaydy. «Aqtaban shúbyryndy» da auyp ketken qazaqtar endi at basyn ózderining әuelgi atamekenderine qaray búrady. Osy týsta (1762 jyldan 1764 jylgha deyin) Orys ýkimetining qysymyna shydamaghan qazaq rulary Shyghysqa aua bastaydy. Ayagóz-Kóksalany jәne Zaysan kólining jaghasyn úzaq jyl mekendegen qyzaylar Zaysannan ótip 1777 jyldary Altaydaghy Ertis ózenning boyyna, Jemeney jerine kóship keledi.
Qyzay eli Jetisudan shyghysqa qonys audaryp, Zaysannan Jemeneyge kóship ótip, Altayda eki-ýsh jyl túryp qalady. Altaydyng qysy qatty, qary qalyn, auarayy qúbylmaly bolghandyqtan maly jútap, aryp kelip irge tepken elge auyr tiyedi. Sonda Búlghynayaq әuliye elge jón siltep, aqyl kórsetip, elge basqa qonys tabu kerektigin ortaagha salady. Ony myna óleng joldarynan anyq kóruge bolady.
Qashqyn el tartqan túrmys taqsyretin,
Sýtin iship, kýneltken asyp etin.
Búlghynayaq babamnyng әuliyelik,
Kórsete ketpekshimin qasiyetin.
Altaydyng keng bolsa da óris jaghy,
Tauy biyik taqyrlau enis jaghy.
Berekesi astynda, ýsti jәisiz,
Shuaqsyz kýn núrynyng teris jaghy.
Kóben kórip babalar eskertkende,
Keyingi úrpaq dermeken týs kórgen be?
Temirden at, teristen hat jazylyp,
Baylyghy sonda ashylar kýsh bergende.
Jón siltep Búlghynayaq sóz qorytty,
Talaydan tartyp keldik biz qorlyqty.
Kóshelik osy ólkening kýngeyine,
Bolmaydy teristik jaq bizge ornyqty», – delinedi.
Búlghynayaq әuliyening aqylymen Sybanbay by bastaghan Qyzay eli 1780 jyly Altaydan kóship, Tarbaghataydyng Toqtabarlyq ónirine kelip qonystanypty. Búl aranyng qysy jyly, jeri kýrensely, shóbi taqyr bolghanymen nәrli, jәili jer eken. Osy tústa Saryarqa men Jetisuda irgesi bólinbegen qarakerey men qyzay rulary kezindegi jongharlar jaulap alghan qazaq qonystaryna ilgerindi-keyindi kóshe bastaydy.
Qyzaydy Ilege bastap kóshken Bayke bolystyng úly әkesi Balapan Qojanazarúly Qyzay ananyng sharapaty daryghan әulie kisi bolypty. Ol 1830 jyly qaytys bolghan, sýiegi Tarbaghataydyng Barlyq tauy baurayyna qoyylghan. 1855 jyly patyshalyq Reseydyng Shәueshektegi konsuly Tarbaghatay aimaghyndaghy Jarghyty altyn kenin tartyp alu ýshin shapqynshy askermen kelip, 200-ge juyq әr últ kenshilerin jauyzdyqpen qyrghyndaydy. 1865 jyly Qoqan sardary Yahupbek (Jaqypbek) Ontýstik ShynJangha basyp kirip, 1867 jyly «Jeti shary handyghyn» qúrady. Osy orayda patyshalyq Resey әsker shygharyp, Ileni basyp alyp, ony Jetisu oblysyna qosady. Sonymen biraz jyl beybit ómir ornyqqan Ile ónirin soghys órti sharpyp, alasapyrandyq tolastamaydy. Sonday-aq, jongharmen bolghan soghys ayaqtap, el es jiyp, mekenderine ornyghyp, mal men basy kóbeygen sayyn, qazaqtyng óz ishindegi rular ara qaqtyghys jiylep, el irgesinen dau-shar ketpeydi. Orta Aziyada bolyp jatqan ózgeristerde el ishindegi qaqtyghysty kóbeyte týsedi. Osy tústa qyzaylar 70 jyl mekendegen Toqtarbarlyqty tastap, ejelgi saq, ghún, ýisinning atamekeni Ile ónirine kósh týzeydi.
Shoqan Uәlihanov Qashqariya saparynda Ilede ýsh ay túryp, zertteu júmysymen ainalysady. Tipti sol jolghy Ile saparynda Qytaydyng pipa deytin muzyka aspabyn zerttep qaytady. Ol Qúljadaghy kezinde, 1856 jyly 26 qyrqýiek kýngi esteligine bylay dep jazady : «Keshe Qúlja qyzaylary kelip sharbaqtyn, qara aghashtardyng manynan oryn tapty. Mauernahyrdyng týrli elinen kelgen saudagerler aziyalyqtardyng túrghyn ýilerin sharbaq nemese qara aghashtar dep ataydy eken. Ol әlgi saudagerler túratyn, kiyiz ýilerding әr qaysysyn óz aldyna jeke-jeke qorshap túrghan qara aghashtardan jasalghan shym-shytyryq daualdar bolatyn».
1855 jyly Qyzay elining bir bólimi Búratalagha kelip toqtasa, bir bólimi Ile jerine kóship kiredi. Jogharydaghy Shoqannyng esteligindegi sóz osyny rastaydy. Al tarihshy ghalym Nyghmet Mynjany 1830 jyly jәne 1877 jyldardaghy soghys alasapyrany qazaqtardyng irgesin shayqaltty. Qazirgi Emil ónirin jәne Toly audanyn mekendegen qazaqtyng qyzay taypasy soghys jaukershiliginen ýrkip, Erenqabyrghagha shyghyp, Úrimji ózenining basyna deyin keldi. Odan Tiyan-Shan tauyn boylap, batysqa qaray oisyp, Ile ónirin mekendep qaldy. Búdan búryn búl ónirdi qazaqtyng ýisin, dulat, alban, suan taypalary mekendep kelgen edi. Qyzaylar auyp ketken song neshe jyl iyen qalyp tusyp ketken jerge 1860 jyldan 1875 jylgha deyin Altaydan qazaqtar irkes-tirkes auyp kelip ornalasty», – dep jazady. Nyqang jәnede: «1871 jyly Shar rossiya askerleri Ileni jaulap alarda mekendegen Qyzay taypalary basqa da últ halyqtarymen tize qosa otyryp, Orys ýkimetining shapqynshy askerlerine soqqy bergen», – dep derekteydi. Odan ary: «Orys askerleri Qúlja qalasyna kirgennen keyin de qyzaylar erlikpen kýres jýrgizip, orys askerlerine aqyrghy ret soqqy berip, Rossiya patyshasynyng ýstemdigine baghynudan bas tartyp, Búratala jaqqa qonys audarghan», – degen mәlmetti keltiredi.
Sin imperiyasy 1762 jyly kýzde Ile Sanhun mekemesin qúryp, Tiyan-Shannyng ontýstýgi men soltýstigin askery әkimshilik tәsilmen basqaryp túrghan bolatyn. 1765 jyly Ýshtúrpanda sharualar kóterilisi tuyp, kóterilis tútas Ontýstýk ShynJandy sharpyidy. Shing ýkimeti kóterisshilerdi ayaausiz janyshtap, 1767 jyly ontýstiktegi kóteriliske qatynasqan úighyrlardan 60 myng otbasyn Ilege sýrgindep, tyng iygerip, egin salghyzady. Olardy taranshy dep ataydy. Teginde Úly jýzder Balqash kólining ontýstigindegi Ile ózeninen Syrdәriyasyna deyingi baytaq ónirde kóship-qonyp tirshilik etken el. Ejelgi tarihy jazbalarda osy ónirlerdi «Ýisinderding ata mekeni» dep ataghan.
Jongharlar tynyshtandyrylghannan keyin, qazaqtar Altay, Tarbaghatay, Tәnir taulary men Ertis, Ile alqabyndaghy adamy seldirep tusyp ketken shúrayly jerge kele bastady. Sol kezde Toqtabarlyq, Mayly-Jәiir, Emil boyyna ilgerindi-keyindi kelip irge tepken rulardyng biri qyzaylar. Qyzaylardyng Tarbaghatay ónirine kelip alghash mekendegen jerleri Emilding joghary qaynary, Tarbaghatay men Orqashardyng týiilisken jeri, Qaraemil, Jeldiemyl, Saryemyl eken. Odan song Tarbaghatay tuynyng týstik baurayy jәne tau saghalaryndaghy Qúmaq, Sәtek, Kórbúlaq, Opaly, Qúsyq, Qarabas, Mayqayyn, Bayqonyr, Qorlybay, Maldybay, Kójibay, Janmyrza, odan batysqa qaray Baqty, Barlyqqa qaray Qamysty, Jylandy, Jәnkisi, Shegir, Barlyq tauyna tayaghanda Jalpaqtal, Kóldenen, Torghay, Barlyqtyng orta bóligin kesip ótip, Qúlystaydaghy Emilge qúiyatyn Qarabúra ózeni, ózenning tau jaq saghasyndaghy Aqtóbe (Qyzaydan shyqqan Balapan әuliyening ziraty osynda), Aqtóbeden shyghysqa qaray Barlyqtyng soltýstik baurayyna qonystanady. Altyn-Emil, Bәibishe, Qúlystaydy ainala kósilip jatqan osy bir keng ólkeni kezinde qyzaylar mekendikendikten bir talay jer attary qyzaydyng adam attary men atalghan. Qúmaq, Sәtek degender qyzaydan shyqqan, Emil degen sóz әri batyr әri bay adamnyng bólek otyratyn eki әielining aty eken. Qorlybay, Maldybay, Kýjibay, Janmyrza jәne barlyqtaghy Torghay, Balapan, Bәibishe degender Qyzay rularynyng elbasy, batyrlarynyng qonystary.
Syr boyynan jyljyghannan tartyp, 100 jylgha tayau uaqytta ósip-óngen qyzaylardy Tarbaghataydaghy qonystarynan aldymen nayman ishindegi ósken ru Bәijigitter yghystyrypty. Sonan Barlyqtaghy qyzaylar Barlyqtyng shyghysy men batys ontýstigindegi Mayly, Qaradyr, Qaraghandy, Qojeke, Qyzyltugha deyin qonystanady (Qyzyltu qazirgi Jyng audany men Mayly aralyghynda, Shaghantoghay, Dórbýljin, Toly audandaryna qarasty qystaular). Qaraemil, Saryemil, Jeldiemilden yghysqandar Orqashardy basyp ótip, Qúlystaydyng týstigine Múqyrtay, odan Jayyr ýstirtine qaray oiysady. Sonymen qazirgi Toly, Dórbýljin, Shihu, Qaramayly, Býrgen tekshe, Marqatas, Arsalankól qyzaylardyng qonystary bolypty. Marqatasta Shedek ziraty bar. Qyzyltu ónirine kóshuge Qobyq torghauyttarynyng qysymy da sebep bolghan. Ol manda shegelek ziraty bar. Shegedek qyzaydyng batyr qyzy, «Shegedek» óz aty emes, mongholsha Kamzol degen sóz. Shegedek qyzay elin qughyndaghan torghauyttardy osy kezende sauyt kiyip, oq jaudyryp qughynshylardy bógeydi. Sonda bir qalmaqtyng batyryna «Shegedekting qoltyghynan at» dep jón kórsetedi. Qyz qoltyghynan oq tiyip óledi. Osy jerdegi onyng ziraty «Shegedek ziraty » dep atalady. Qyzaylar Tarbaghataydan Búratalagha Ile ónirine qonys audarghan kezde Abaq kerey rulary әli kóship kelmegen. Tarbaghataydaghy sharualar kóterilisi túsynda jaugershilik ishinde qalghan qyzaylar búl jer bizge meken bolmaydy dep 1863-1866 jyldary aralyghynda aldymen Erenqabyrgha jaqqa auady. Sonda kósh barysynda Manasbay, Sanjy, Taqiya degen kisiler tughan. Búl jaqtan tynysh, jayly meken tabylmaghan son, qayta Batysqa oisyp Búratala, Ile ónirine kóshedi. Sebebi, Qyzay ana tirliginde óz úrpaqtaryna «El ósip jerden qysylsandar, atam Bәidibekting atamekeni Ileni tabyndar», – dep ósiyet qaldyrghan eken.
Osy kósh barsynda 1500-ge juyq týtinnen soghysta qyrghyngha úshyrap jәne qoldy bolyp, qayta qayyrylghanda shamamen 900 dey týtin kelgen desedi. Sol kóshte bir bólim el dýngender men soghysa jýrip, Manasty órley Kýnes jaqqa asqan. Key auyldar Jyngha kelip Kórsaydan asqan. Bir talay auyl Búrataladan ótip, Kóktau, Kókjambasqa barghan. Aldymen barghan auyldardan Boqash Kóketau, Taldygha, Sasan Kókjambasqa, Qúdaymende Ortaghasyry men Bayynqaragha ornalasypty. Búlar sol jerlerdi qystap, kóktep, jazda Sayramnyng tórine, Qúsemshek jotasyna, Kertas jaylaularyna deyin kelip otyrghan.
Jazba jәne el auzyndaghy anyz derekterge qaraghanda qyzaylar 1865– 1871 jyldar aralyghynda Ilening búrynghy Qúlja, Sýiding jәne kóne Qorghas audany ónirine deyin asyp týsip qonystanghan. «ShynJannyng qysqasha tarihy» degen kitapta 1869 jyly qys mausymynda Resey әrmiyasy Qorghas ónirine shapqynshylyq jasap kirip, sol jerdegi qazaqtyng qyzay ruynyng 25 myng túiyaqtan astam malyn aidap әketti. Osy baylanyspen Ilening jergilikti ýkimeti Vernigha (Qazirgi Almaty qalasy) adam jiberip, Resey jaghynyng tólem beruin talap etti» delingen. Eki jyl ótken song 1871 jyly shildede Reseydyng Ileni jaulap alugha jibergen әrmiyasy Sýidinge jәne Qúlja qalasyna basyp kirgen kezde «Qazaqtyng Qyzay ruy qalagha kirgen shapqynshy armiyagha songhy ret erlikpen soqqy berip, Kógarshyn tauynan asyp ótip, Búratala ónirine sheginip ketti», – dep jazylghan.
Iledegi sharualar kóterilisi tusynda qúrylghan «Ile súltandyghy» atty jergilikti ýkimetti qazaqtar «Qara súltan ýkimeti» dep ataghan. Onyng mәn-jәii bylay edi. 1864 jyly Ilede әr últ halqy Ile mekemesimen birlesip, salyqty auyrlatyp, halyqty eze týskendigi sebepti Sin patshalyghy qúrghan әskery mekemege qarsy kóterilis jasady. Kek oty birden kóterilip, tútas Ile ónirin sharpydy. Alghash kýrek, ketpen, soyyl, shoqparmen ereuilge shyqqan halyq endigi jerde qaruly kýsh jiyp birigip, shep jayyp, qaruly kýreske ótti. Ilening tauly ónirin mekendegen qazaq malshylary da kóteriliske belsene qatysyp, kóterilisshi qosyngha kelip qosyldy. Qosyn kólemi tez arada úlghayyp 30 myng adamgha jetti. Kóterilisten ýreyi úshqan Shing patyshalyghy Jang Shing genaraldy qyzmetten qaldyryp, ornyna Myng Shýidi taghayyndaydy. Ol kóterisshilerdi aljastyryp, olarmen eldesudi syltauratyp, myrza qamaqta jatqan Mazemzatty bosatyp, oghan jol kórsetip, kóterisshilerge jiberedi. Ol qosyngha jalbyzbalap kirip, kóterilisting basshylyq úqyghyn qymqyryp alyp, ózin «Ile súltany» dep jariyalaydy. Sonynda búl sýltandyqty Ábduәly Ybyrayymúly tartyp alady da «Jahan baluan Bahadurhan Ábuәly Ályqan» degen atpen súltan bolady.
Álqan súltan 1866 – 1871 jyldar aralyghynda Ilening basynan ayaghyna deyingi keng baytaq ónirge ýstemdik etumen birge, qazirgi Búrataladaghy Utaydan Ortaqsary, Aqbaytaldyng asuyna deyingi aralyqqa qonystanghan qyzay elining jerin de óz basqaruyna alghan Ályqan Resey Ileni jaulap alghan 1871 jyly shildege deyin súltandyq taqta otyrghan.
Zaman osynshama aumaly-tókpeli bolsa da, qyzaylar búl kezderde Iledegi Qarasúltangha da, Búrataladaghy monghol súmyndaryna da salyq tólemegen. Qara súltanmen jәne mongholdarmen bolghan dau-janjal mine, osy isterden tughan. Bir bólimi Búratalagha auyp ketip túrghan. Soytip olar bir jerdi týbegeyli qonystanbay, tek iyen jerlerde emin-erkin kóship-qonyp jýrgen.
Qyzaylar qazaqtyng ata mekeni kórikti Ile ónirine qayta oralghan kezde, búl jerde Úly jýz ýisinning alban, suan qatarly rulardy jәne azdaghan úighyr, monghol, dýngen, sibe-solandar bar edi. 1871 jyldan 1881 jylgha deyin Resey Ileni on jyl basyp jatty. 1881 jyly «Qytay – Resey Ile kelsimi» jasaldy da on jyl boyy jaulap jatqan Ileni Reseyden Qytay 1882 jyly tamyzda resmy qaytaryp aldy. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde, qyzay rulary 1882 jyly tamyzda Kókqamyrdyng Maytóbe jaylauynda kenes ótkizgen (Búl ara sol kezde Bayeke biyding jaylauy eken, ondaghy bir búlaq suy may bolyp aghatyndyqtan búl «Maytóbe» dep atanypty). Osy keneste Qyzay rulary bir auyzdan Búrataladan Ilege kóshemiz dep qauly maqúldapty.
Qyzay eli Ilege kelerde Qúdaymende tәiji qasyna ýsh bolysty (Bayeke, Búqash, Sasan) ertip, Ile generaly Myng Rýige (úty Manzu) jolyghyp, kóship kelu jaghdayyn aitady. Sonymen birge, generalgha: «Biz ejelden osy Ile ónirining túrghyndary edik. 1680 jyldary Jonghar shapqynshlyghy saldarynan basqa jaqqa auyp ketip, aruaqty anamyz Qyzaydyng ósiyeti boyynsha atamekenimiz 3000 otbasy, bir tәijilik, ýsh bolys el bolyp qayta oralyp otyrmyz. Bizding osy úly kóshimizding qamqorshysy bolyp, qayta oralghan halyqqa qol ýshin beriniz!», – deydi. Ile generaly olardyng búl tiligine maqúl bolyp, ýsh myng týtin qyzay otbasyn yrysty Ilege bir jolata ornalasty.
Ásilinde, XIX ghasyrdyng orta sheninen bastap-aq qazaqtar Ilege kóptep kóship kele bastaghan. Sing imperiyasynyng qazaqtargha bir tayjy, 14 aqalaqshy, 4 mampan, 24 zangi, 27 kýnde, 77 elubasy, 4 bassharlaushy, 27 kishi sharlaushy jiyny 117 mansaptyny taghayyndaydy. Qazaqtargha qatysty isterding barlyghy Ile genaral jambylynyng basqaruynda bolghan.
Ile genaraly arnauly qazaq basqarmasyn qúryp, qyzaylardyng bolystyq qúrylymyna ózgeris engizip, aqalaqshylyq týzimdi jolgha qoyyady. Búdan búryn qyzaylar ýsh bolys bolatyn, Tәnirberdige Búqash, Tileuberdige Bәieke, Begimbet, Derbiske Sasan, búl aqalaqshylar Kýredegi qazaq basqarmasyna tóte qaraytyn bolady. Sol Qazaq basqarmasynyng bastyghy Tomashy degen adamnyng jauapty boluymen tórt qyzaygha óris-qonystyq jerler bólinip berilip, zandy týrde túraqtandyrylady. Bәieke by bastaghan jolboldy men torghaygha Tekes, Monghúlkýre óniri beriledi.
Qyzay eli ilege kelip qonystanghan son, Sing ýkimeti aqalaqshy (bolys dep atalady), Mampang (Aqalaqshynyng orynbasary), Zәngi (Jýz basy), Kýnde (zangining orynbasary), elubasy siyaqty basshylyq týzimin atqarghan aqalaqshynyng jyldyq enbekaqysyn 80 qoy, zәngining enbekaqysyn 40 qoy, kýndening enbekaqysyn 18 qoy, elubasynyng enbekaqysyn 10 qoy dep belgilep, búl enbekaqylardy qarasty otbasylarynan jinap alghan.
Ilege alghash kelgende Qyzay ýsh bolys (aqalaqshy) el bolyp aqalaqshylary Bayeke, Sasan, Búqash bolghan. Sing ýkimeti maldy jylqygha shalyp, aqalaqshylar arqyly әr jýz jylqydan bir jylqy salyq jinap, ýkimetke tapsyryp otyrghan. Qyzay eli Ilege alghash kóship kelende, Ile ónirining tauy synsyghan, qalyng nu orman, bókteri búta-býrgen, qaraghan, tobylghymen oiy qopaly qamys, qalyng shi, qaraqúraymen kómkerilgen alqap eken. Ol kezde el kóshkende ózen, búlaqtardyng boyynan qalyng aghashty kesip, jol ashyp, kósh ótkizedi eken. Osy bir ortasy oiylyp, sheti shetinep kórmegen qalyng jynys, tusyghan orta, qonyr andardyng da qolayly mekeni eken.
Qyzay eli Ile ónirne oralghan son, qoy ýstine boz torghay júmyrtqalaghan ómir bastaldy. «Topyraghyn tappaghan dәn ónbeydi», – dep halqymyz tegin aitpasa kerek. Býldirgeni býirektey, bódenesi ýirektey, yrysty darqan dalada qyzay elining mal-jany qauyrt ósip, búrynghy ýsh bolys elge Úly jýz alban, suan qosylyp, jalpy tórt bolys el osy bir qasiyetti mekende tynysty tirshilik etedi. Demek, qyzay elining Ilege kóshui – asa kóregendik, dúrys talgham bolghan. Búl qasiyetti qyzay anamyzdyng tirliginde óz úrpaqtaryna qaltyrghan «El ósip jerden qysylsandar, әkem Bәidibekting atamekeni Ileni tabyndar» dep kóregendikpen aitylghan ósiyetining dúrys bolghanyn dәleldeydi.
Tәnirberdidegi eki bolys el Ilege kelgennen keyin, shamamen 1885 jyldary Búqash pen Baybolattyng bastauynda Búrataladan kóship, Kókqamyrgha kelip ornalasady (Bilikshiden Jarynqol – Jartoghangha deyin). Keyin eki bolys elge Kókqamyr targhalang kelip, bir bólimi qysta arghy betke Qúsemshek Búratalagha qystap jýredi. Soltangeldi ruy bir jyl Toghyztaraugha ótip qystaydy. Olar Toghyztaraudyng qarasuyghyna shyday almay qayta kóship, Kókqamyrgha ótedi. Sol kezde Kýnesting kýngeyin Torghay eli mekendeytin edi. Tәnirberdi kisileri Kýredegi ýkimetpen kelisip, Torghaylardy kóshirip, Kýnes kýngeyin bosatyp alady. 1888 jyly Tәnirberdiden Jolymbet, Qúttymbet, Esengeldi, Soltankeldining jartysy, Qonyrbaydyng bir bólimi Kýnesting Tasótkel, Qaumen týbegi degen jerden tartyp, Lastaygha deyin ornalasady. Bastap kelgender Kәdirsiz aqalaqshy, Stambek mampan, Búqashay mampan, Qonyz zәngi, Shylghau zәngi degen adamdar edi. Jer bólisinde aldynghy jer tandau Qúttymbet Kәdirsiz aqalaqshygha beriledi. Qúttymbet ruy Útydan Temirlikke deyin ornalasady. Ekinshi kezekti jer tandaudy Qúdaynazardyng ýlken balasy Ystanbek alyp, Jolymbet ruy Tótege ornalasady. Ýshinshi kezekte jer tandauyn Búqash alyp, Temirlikting aghynynan joghary Ýshkepterding Jabayysayyna deyin Esengeldi ruy ornalasady. Soltangeldi Konyz zәngi men Qonyrbay Shylghau zәngi jerge talasyp qalady. Talas Kәdirsiz aqalaqshynyng biyligine kónbeydi. Aqalaqshy Sasan bolysty shaqyryp, útyda jiyn ashady. Sasan Kәdirsiz aqalaqshydan jer bólis jaghdayyn úqqannan keyin: «Aldynghy eki tandaudy Qúdaynazardyng eki balasy Jolymbet pen Esengeldi alypsyndar, endigi tandau Qonyrbay Shylghaudyki bolady. Soltangeldi Qonyz sen elding sheti, jaudyng beti bolsa da, Aaraltóbege barasyn», – dep kesim jasaydy. Qonyrbay Shylghau Úty men Tótening ortasyn alady da, Qonyz bastaghan Soltangeldi Araltóbege ketedi. Sol kezde Soltangeldi de Qonyz zәngi, Jylqaydar elubasy, Túrdyghúldan Barmaq elubasy eken. Búl arada Araltóbege ilingen song aqyldasyp tómendegidey jer bólsin jasaydy:
– Qarymbay ruy Jabayy búlaghynan shyghysqa qaray Qaraghaylysudaghy Berdike búlaghynyng órgi jaghasyndaghy tóbege deyingi jerdi alady. Odan órge Qaraghaylysudyng aralyghyna Qonysbaydyng Aymanday bastaghan auyly ornalasady. Qaraghaylysudyng agharynan shyghysqa qaray Sarysaygha deyin Esenbay, Bóribay rulary ornalasady. Sarysaydan shyghysqa qaray Kensudyng suaghary men Kóldeneng búlaqtyng basyna deyin Maltabar, Shәkil rulary ornalasady. Kensu ishine Qojabek ruy qonystanady. Kensudyng shyghys jaq bosaghasynan Bayanjýrekting ainalasyna Túrdyghúl ruy ornalasady. Araltóbedegi jer bólisi osylay sәtymen bitedi. Osy alghashqy jyly Qojabekten Narynbay bastaghan 18 otbasy, Túrdyghyldan Moynaq bastaghan 33 otbasy, Qarymbaydan Qonyz bastaghan 21 otbasy, Maltabar, Shәkilden 28 otbasy bolyp, jalpy 100-dey otbasy kóship kelip ornalasady. Olar bir bólim sharuashylyghy bar, ózine ózi senimdi, әl auqatty otbasylar edi. Al Búratalada qalghan sharuasy orta, tómen adamdar keyingi jyldarda art-artynan kóship kelip, týtinbasy, malbasy kýn sayyn arta beredi. Adam irgesi tiymegen tu jer júrt kóniline jaghyp sharuashylyghy shalqyp, halyq túrmysy birtindep jaqsarugha bet alady. Adamdar әr say, әr jerde qysy-jazy kiyiz ýimen otyryp, malsharuashylyq ónimderin azyq etedi.
Búl maqala Andas Omaraqynúlynyng týrli basylymda jaryq kórgen enbekteri men qol jazbalary negizinde dayyndaldy. Kirilshege týsirip, rettegen Qajet Andas.
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