Songhy jyldary «jerdi basyp alu», sheteldik azamattar men sheteldik ýkimetterding jerdi keng kólemde iyemdenui әlemdik problemalardyng birine ainalyp barady.

Auylsharuashylyghyna paydalanylatyn jerlerdi sheteldikterge satugha qatysty alandaushylyq postkenestik elderde, Latyn Amerikasy elderinde, Ontýstik-Shyghys Aziya jәne Afrika syndy әlemning әrtýrli aimaqtarynda kórinis tabuda. Búl mәsele Ortalyq jәne Shyghys Europada da belsendi talqylanuda.

Qytay Halyq Respublikasy jer uchaskesine menshik qúqyghyn berudi qatang shekteuding aiqyn mysaly bolyp tabylady. Qytay ýkimeti auylsharuashylyq jerlerin satyp alugha jәne satugha tyiym salghan. Audany 9,4 million sharshy shaqyrym bolatyn el auylsharuashylyq jerlerining eng ýlken audanyna iye. Qytaydyng jalpy audanynyng 56% auylsharuashylyq jerlerin qúraytynyna qaramastan, is jýzinde 1,5 milliard halqy bar elding bir adamgha shaqqanda jer ýlesi әldeqayda az (0,38 ga). Sondyqtan búl eldegi auyl jeri dәstýrli týrde fermerlerge (otbasylargha) nemese kelisimshart negizinde jerdi paydalanatyn auyldyq újymdargha tiyesili.

Qazaqstan ýshin jerge menshik mәselesi de әrdayym ótkir jәne auyr boldy. Jerge jeke menshik qúqyghy, onyng ishinde sheteldikter ýshin jerge jeke menshik qúqyghy alghash ret 1995 jyly, sodan keyin 2001 jylghy alghashqy Jer turaly zanmen bekitildi. Sheteldik azamattargha qatysty әngime auylsharuashylyghyna jatpaytyn jerler turaly bolatyn. Barlyq zannamalyq aktilerde auyl sharuashylyghy maqsatyndaghy jerlerge menshik qúqyghy tek QR azamattarynda ghana tuyndauy mýmkin ekendigi naqty bekitilgen bolatyn. Alayda, 2015 jylghy 2 qarashadaghy zangha sәikes, auyl sharuashylyghy maqsatyndaghy uaqytsha óteuli jer paydalanu (jaldau) qúqyghy sheteldikterge, azamattyghy joq adamdar men sheteldik zandy túlghalargha, sonday-aq jarghylyq kapitalyndaghy sheteldikterdin, azamattyghy joq adamdardyn, sheteldik zandy túlghalardyng ýlesi elu payyzdan asatyn zandy túlghalargha jiyrma bes jylgha deyingi merzimge beriletin boldy. Osylaysha, jaldau merzimi 10 jyldan 25 jylgha deyin úzartyldy, búl auylsharuashylyq biznesining joghary kapital syiymdylyghymen jәne ótelu úzaqtyghymen, 13-15 jylgha negizdelgen.  QR 30.06.2016 j. Zanyna sәikes osy tarmaqtyng qoldanyluy 31.12.2021 j.deyin toqtatyla túrady.

Býgingi tanda Qazaqstanda auyl sharuashylyghyn jýrgizuge arnalghan jer 100,8 million gektar jerdi alyp jatyr.

Jerge tikeley qatysty sheteldik investisiyalar fenomeni әlemde keninen tanymal. Býgingi tanda jerdi paydalanu qúqyghy arqyly baqylaudy aludyng jetkilikti mysaldary bar, olar әdette odan әri úzartumen shekteuli merzimge jaramdy. Osy tikeley sheteldik investisiyalardyng negizgi nysany auyl sharuashylyghy maqsatyndaghy jerlerdi negizinen úzaq merzimdi jalgha alu bolyp tabylady. Kóbinese, nәtiyjesinde jalgha berushi tartylghan jerlerding sany boyynsha mәmilelerding tym kóp mólsherin alady; kelisimsharttardyng ashyqtyghy men tolyq bolmauy oryn alady; ózderining ishki naryqtaryna eksporttaugha arnalghan azyq-týlik ónimderin óndiruge baghyttalghan resurstyq investorlar payda bolady. Qazirgi uaqytta múnday negizgi investorlar Parsy shyghanaghy memleketteri, sonday-aq Qytay men Ontýstik Koreya, al negizgi maqsattary Afrika, Aziya jәne Ontýstik Amerika elderi bolyp tabylady.

Sheteldik investorlardyng auylsharuashylyq jerlerin satyp alu saldary bolyp mynalar tabylady:

- alqaptardy maqsatsyz paydalanu (auylsharuashylyq alqaptaryn auyl sharuashylyghynan tys paydalanu);

- auyl sharuashylyghyna paydalanylatyn jerler baghasynyng ósui, alypsatarlyq, sonyng nәtiyjesinde otandyq auyl sharuashylyghy óndirisi qysqaruy mýmkin;

- agrarlyq óndiris ónimin tandau kezinde qazaqstandyq mýddelerdi eskermey, ózining kommersiyalyq maqsattaryn qughyndau;

- otandyq fermerler sanynyng qysqaruy, qazaqstandyq halyqtyng auyl sharuashylyghy kәsipkerligine qyzyghushylyghynyng tómendeui;

- topyraqtyng dúrys emes, sapasyz óndelui, búl onyng qúnarlylyghynyng tómendeuine, keyinnen ósimdikterding ósui ýshin jaghdaydyng nasharlauyna әkelui mýmkin.

Jogharyda atalghandardyng barlyghy, sayyp kelgende, qaytymsyz әleumettik-ekonomikalyq saldarlargha ie boluy mýmkin: el halqyn qajetti assortiyment pen sapamen azyq-týlikpen qamtamasyz etpeu qaupining tuyndauy; tamaq ónimderi baghasynyng ósui; otandyq auyl sharuashylyghy kiristiligining tómendeui; AÓK-degi industriyalandyrudyng bayaulauy; halyqtyng ómir sýru dengeyining tómendeui; qazaqstandyqtar arasyndaghy júmyssyzdyqtyng ósui; topyraqtyng antropogendik eroziyasy; jәne t.b.

Halyqaralyq zertteulerge sәikes, 2000 jyldardyng basynda әlemde 12,1 millionnan astam adam sheteldikterding jer satyp alu saldarynan zardap shekken. Tabys kózinen aiyrylu әsirese, Afrika elderindegi ýy sharuashylyqtarynda kóp bayqaldy.

Agrarlyq sayasat naryqtyq mehanizmderge memleketting aralasu әdisterining biri bolyp tabylady, ol is jýzinde býkil әlemde әrtýrli nysandarda bayqalady. Qazirgi uaqytta búl shamadan tys shoghyrlanugha jәne jerdi auylsharuashylyq emes maqsattargha paydalanugha baylanysty qajetsiz prosesterge qarsy túru qajettiligimen baylanysty.

Auyl sharuashylyghy alqaptaryn paydalanugha baylanysty erejeler men shekteuler, eng aldymen, últtyq azyq-týlik qauipsizdigi, agrarlyq sektordyng ómirshendigi jәne memleketting úzaq merzimdi perspektivada halyqty tolyqqandy tamaqpen qamtamasyz etu qabileti túrghysynan qaraluy tiyis.

Áriyne, azyq-týlik óndirisine júmyldyrylatyn halyqaralyq investisiyalargha degen qyzyghushylyqtyng manyzdy qozghaushy kýshi –  búl azyq-týlik qauipsizdigi jәne halyq sanynyn, sonymen qatar әlemdik naryqtargha tәueldi azyq-týlik baghasynyng ósuine baylanysty alandaushylyq. Búl rette últtyq qauipsizdik mәselesinde әr elding óz mýddesi bar!

Jer mәselesi elimiz ýshin óte manyzdy taqyryp bolyp tabylady, óitkeni biz әli kýnge deyin Qazaqstannyng eng ýlken qasireti – asharshylyq saldaryn, yaghny respublikadaghy mal basynyng sany tek eldi ghana emes, sonymen qatar Resey ónirlerin qamtamasyz ete alatynday bolghan jaghdayda halyqtyng 3 mln adamynan airylu saldaryn bastan keshudemiz. Tek 1929-1934 jyldar aralyghynda elimizde mal basy on ese azaydy. Sondyqtan qabyldanatyn sheshimder qazaqstandyq qoghamnyn mýddelerin eskere otyryp, syndarly jәne kóregen boluy tiyis. Qazaqstan ýshin dәstýrli salalardy – qoy sharuashylyghyn, jylqy sharuashylyghyn, týie sharuashylyghyn jandandyru ýshin jaghday jasau, sonday-aq auyldardyng ainalasynda jeke mal jai ýshin jayylym problemalaryn sheshu óte manyzdy.

Halyqaralyq tәjiriybeden bayqaghanymyzday, sheteldikterding jerdi basyp aluy negizinen satyp alushylar mýddeleri auyldyq qauymdastyqtardyng mýddelerine sәikes kelmeytin jemqor nemese qaryzy bar ýkimetterdi paydalana alatyn jerlerde oryn alghan.

Kóptegen ghalymdar «jerdi basyp alu», «intervensiya» terminderin sheteldikterge jerdi baqylausyz satu, auyldyq jerlerding funksionaldy ózgerui men  auylsharuashylyq jerlerining auylsharuashylyq emes maqsattargha auysuynyng sinoniymi retinde beker jii qoldanbaydy.

Sonymen qatar, shet el azamattarynyng jerdi baqylausyz basyp alu kórinisi memlekettik qauipsizdikke qauip tóndiredi, búl әsirese kórshi memleketterding el aumaghyna degen jasyryn jәne ashyq dәmesi jaghdayynda manyzdyqqa iye.

«Auyl» partiyasy ózining saylaualdy túghyrnamasynda auyl sharuashylyghy maqsatyndaghy jerlerdi shetel azamattary men azamattyghy joq adamdargha satugha jәne jalgha beruge tyiym saludy engizudi talap etedi. Óitkeni, jer tauar emes, sondyqtan ol satylmaydy! Adam jerdi qolmen jasay almaydy, ol Qúdaydyng dýniyesi. Onyng ýstine, biz baytaq dalamyzdy babalarymyzdan bolashaq úrpaqtarymyz ýshin jalgha alyp otyrmyz. Osyny úmytpayyq!

Eskertu: "Auyl" partiyasy saylau qory qarajatynan tólendi.

Ázimhan Satybaldiyn,

«Auyl» HDPP atynan QR Parlamentining Mәjilisi deputattyghyna kandidat, QR ÚGhA akademiygi

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