Ór Altaygha arqasyn tirep, sol qaptalynda qara Ertisten Qaratalgha deyingi qyrqaly-qúiqaly ólkeni en jaylap, erkin ósken, ong qaptalynda Ayagózden bastau alyp, Saryarqanyng qúlandar jortqan qúba belin kóktey ótip, Syrdariyanyng sayaly saghasyna deyingi sayyn dalada sayran salghan, ónirjiyekte «arghy sheti Ayagóz, Lepsi, Ýrjar» siyaqty «toqsan sala qosylyp, toghyz ózen týiisken» ózendi-órnekti ólkede túlpar minip, tu alghan naymanday qalyng nudyng kiyesi, «búlttan ótip múnardy boljaytúghyn kózi bar» túmaday túnyq jyrdyng iyesi, «tastan shyqqan búlaqtay, jayqalghan jasyl qúraqtay, tolyqsyghan synaptay» joydaly sózding jýiesi Dulat babamyzdyn  múrasy – jyraulyq poeziya men aqyndyq әdebiyetting altyn kópiri.

Dulat – arysy týgel sózding týbi bir – týp atasy Mayqy biyden tartatyn, ortada Ormanbet zamanynyng ordaly biyleri Asan Qayghy men Sypyra jyraudan salatyn, berisi – Qaztughan, Dospambet, Shalkiyiz, Búqar jyraularmen túiyqtalatyn tóbe biyler men joyqyn jyraulardyng sony. Ol – ózi jyrlaghan: «Erkin ósken, qayran el, dәuleting beyne shalqar kól, aidynyng beyne asqar bel. Tauyna malyng aunaghan, dәuleting ósip qaulaghan, tel emes maldy saumaghan» Qazaq handyghynyng qoy ýstine boztorghay júmyrtqalaghan anyzgha ainalghan zamanynyng azyp-tozyp: «kýnbatysqa kóz salmay, kýnshyghysty eske almay, bizdi alatyn jau joq dep, bizden myqty dәu joq dep… bolashaqty boljamay, jol saudany oljalay, aqbókendey aldanyp, jylqyday delbe sandalyp, ortasyna kәpirdin, andamay kelip týskenine» deyingi aralyqtaghy alasapyran zamannyng bar qiytúrqysyn bastan keshirgen, kózben kórip, shermen jughan qazaq qoghamynyng poetikalyq shejiresi.

Osy orayda Dulat zamanynyn, jalpy ghasyrlar boyy qaymaghy búzylmaghan qazaq qoghamynyng keskin-kelbetin ózgertken orys otarshyldyghynyng ýsh keypine toqtala ketken jón deymin.

Múnyng alghashqysy – handyq biylikting joyyluy. Aqyn jiyrmagha endi tolghanda 1822 jyly ormanday kóp Orta jýzdegi handyq biylik biylik bәiteregining tamyryna balta shapqan Speranskiyding «Sibir qyrghyzdary turaly» әigili jarghysy shyqty. Múnyng aldyndaghy bes jyl ishinde úly handardyng sarqyty Kishi jýzde – Bókey, Orta jýzde Uәly dýnie salyp, qazaq qoghamy sayasiy-qúqyqtyq daghdarysqa dushar bolghan edi. Patsha otarshylary qazaq dalasyn Batys Sibir general-gubernatorlyghy qúramyndaghy okrug, bolys, auyldargha jiktep-jiliktep, ondaghy jan basy, shanyraq sanyna deyin tizimdep, auylgha – starshyn, bolysqa – bolys basqarushysy, okrugke agha súltandardy qoydy. Handyq biylik joyylyp, esesine «agha súltandar» qaptady. Az ghana uaqyt ishinde 7 okrug ashyldy. Ayagóz (Sergiopoli) okrugi qúrylghan 1831 jyly Dulat orda búzar otyzgha tayaghan, ot auyzdy, oraq tildi aqyn retinde tanylyp ýlgergen edi. Sol zamannyng kelbetin aqyn: «Batysta patsha týnegi, Jerine kelip týnedi. Jonynnan taspa tiledi, Ishine әbden kiredi. …Duan salyp ishinen, Ayyryp quat-kýshinen, Aq patsha dese ýrpiyip, Oyanyp shorshyp týsinen, Agha súltan qazynyn, El silkindi isinen», – dep asqan dәldikpen suretteydi.

Dulat zamanynyng ekinshi siqy – әskery otarlaudyng orasan zor ozbyrlyqpen jýrgizilui edi. Qazaqstannyng ózge aimaghyn aitpaghanda, Dulattyng aty jeter jerde Ertis, Búqtyrma әskery shepteri, Yamyshevsk, Semey, Óskemen bekinisteri, Koryakovsk, Ubinsk forpostary salynyp, 1846 jyly Ayagóz, al 1847 jyly «qalyng nudyn» talmau túsy Qapalda jana prikazdar qonys tepti. Osylaysha bas-ayaghy jarty ghasyr ishinde kóshpendilerding kók týrik dәuirinen jetken qúdiretti ruhyn túqyrtyp, jigerin jasytu maqsatynda Reseydey alyp imperiyanyng qúramynda jasaqtalghan 11 kazak әskery qúramasynyng beseui qazaq jerine ornyqty. Osy 11 qúramadaghy jalpy sany 1 millionnan asatyn múzday qarulanghan kazaktar 5 millionnan astam qazaqtardyng azattyq jolyndaghy әrbir kýresin ayausyz basyp-janshyp otyrdy. Búlar da qyrghy tildi, qyran ýndi aqyn nazarynan tys qalghan joq:

«Jaghana duan týsken son, Suyndy orys ishken son, …Jerinning aldy shúrayyn, Duan salyp jaylanyp, Datyndy aitsang mayyrgha, Sibirge ketting aidalyp. …Orystyng zanyn quattap, Jol ashyp eldi suattap, Baladay aldap uatpaq.  …El tandyry qúrydy, Orystyng týsti qúryghy. …Serpiluge shama joq, Dәning ketti, qayran el», – dep dәuirding ashy da aqiqat shyndyghyn dóp basyp aitady.

Handyq biylikti joyyp, shash al deseng bas alugha әzir millionnan astam baskeser kazaktaryn qazaq dalasyna qonystandyryp ýlgergen orys otarshyldary endi otarlaudyn ýshinshi kezenine – qazaq jerin súrausyz-sotsyz tartyp alugha kóshti. Búghan qarsy qazaq jerining әr túsynda bolghan Sarjan súltan, Isatay-Mahambet, Kenesary han bastaghan halyq azattyghy jolyndaghy últ-azattyq kýrester otarshyldyq órtin toqtata almady. 1844 jyly Speranskiy Erejesi janartylsa, 1867 jyly II Aleksandr patsha «Syrdariya jәne Jetisu oblystaryn basqarudyng uaqytsha erejesin» bekitti. Osylaysha 1866 jyly Ayagóz janadan qúrylghan Jetisu oblysynyng qaramaghyna berildi. Búl kezenning shyndyghy da Dulat aqynnyng shamyrqanghan shymyr jyrlarynan kórinis tapty: «Jau qarasy kórindi, Qabyndap basty jerindi, Ketpensiz-aq qazdyrdy, Ózine óz kórindi. Han sarqyty – Kene han, Qan joryq bop qanghyrdy. Eling qaldy qamauda, Eling qalsa qamauda, Malyng keter talauda, Basyng týser sanaugha. …Batyrdyng tuy jyghyldy, El shúnqyrgha tyghyldy».

Osylaysha eli qamaugha, maly talaugha týsken ekitalay zamanda Dulat keshegi «bosaghasyn borlatqan, keregesin torlatqan, tegerishi manattan, jibekten yzyp bau taqqan» aq ordaly zamandy ansaydy. Halyqty silkinuge, serpiluge shaqyrady, el jigerin qayraydy. «Batyr deme batyrdy, Shep qúryp jaugha shappasa; Tóre deme tóreni, El tilegin tappasa. …Batyrlyqtyng sәni joq – Týn úiqysyn tórt bólip, Elergen túlpar erttelip, Tolghauly nayza qolgha alyp, Túighyn qústay qomdanyp, Sary sadaq asynyp, Egesken jaudy qashyryp, Elin qoryp jauynan, Ereulegen eger dauynan, Tútamdap oq jonbasa», – degen joldar – bireuler aityp jýrgendey zarlaudan da, sarnaudan da emes, últ namysyn qayraudan tughan qúdiretti jyr.

Dulat shygharmashylyghy poetikasyn taldaudy әdebiyetshiler qauymyna qaldyra otyryp, biz onyng últ tarihy men ruhaniyatyna qosqan ýlesining tórt qyryna: Dulat shygharmashylyghyndaghy qazaq tarihy, Dulattyng Qaztughan, Dospambet bastaghan úly jyraularmen ýndestigi, Dulat jәne din, Dulat pen Abay taqyryptaryna arnayy toqtaludy jón kórdik.

TARIH TAMYRShYSY

Dulat jyr-tolghaulary auyzsha shygharylyp, halyq arasyna auyzeki jolmen taralghan qazaq jyraularynyng sony desek te, óz zamanyna say alghan bilimi men biligi bar, tughan halqynyng arghy-bergi tarihynan da, sol tarihty aldaspannyng jýzimen jazghan tarihy túlghalar ómirinen de habary mol bilimdar jan bolghan. Onyng «Áuelgi qazaq degen júrt» atty úzaq tolghauy Qazaq handyghynyng XV-XVII ghasyrlardaghy tarihy shejiresi ispetti. Dulat jyrau osy óleninde: «Emin-erkin en jaylap, Ósip eding Búharda», – dep tolghaydy. Shyndyghynda Qazaq handyghynyng negizin salushylar – Jәnibek pen Kerey handar biylik qúrghan zamanda memleketting shekara-shebi aiqyndalyp, irgesi bekidi. Qasqa joldy Qasym han Syrdyng boyyn týgeldey qazaqqa qaratyp, memleketting qanatyn kenge jaydy. Jayyqqa jetken Haqnazar han Noghay ordasynyng shyghys bóligin dәrgeyine keltirip, Qazaq elin alys-jaqyn júrt týgel moyyndaghan quatty memleketke ainaldyrdy. Keshegi Deshti Qypshaq júrtyndaghy eng qúdiretti әmirshige ainalghan Tәuekel han Tashkent, Ferghana, Ándijan men Samarqandy týgeldey ózine baghyndyryp, Búhardan bergi jerdi qazaqtardyng erkin túryp, en jaylauyna jol ashty. Kózi qaraqty, sauaty mol Dulat dәl osy tarihty kózben kórip, qolmen qoyghanday dәlme-dәl surettep: «Sen Búharda kezinde, Bәtua bar sózinde, Keleli biying senimdi, Qara bir halqy kónimdi, Tynysh edi elimiz. …Búhar-ay  shәri deytúghyn, Ósken, óngen jeriniz», – dep kórsetedi.

Dulat jyrau qazaqtyng basynan baq taya bastaghan zamanda Qaratau men Týrkistandy tastap, ýdere kóshkenin: «Tobyrshyq atty býgiltip, Qúiryq-jalyn sýziltip, Ezdi borday ýgiltip, Túighynday erdi shiratyp, Tas oshaqty qiratyp, …Ýdere tartyp kóshkensin», – dep ókinish ózegin órtey jyrlaydy.

Dәl osy tolghaudyng mazmúnyna qarap Dulattyng qazaqtyng auyzeki tarihyn ghana emes, sol zamanda tasqa basylghan, kitapqa týsken, jariyagha jetken qazaq tarihyna qatysty enbektermen de jaqsy tanys bolghandyghy aiqyn angharylady. Ol ary qaray: «Syr, Quannan ketkende, Arys, Keles ótkende, Talas, Shugha jetkende, Týiening qomyn sheshkensin. Shu boyyna yghyr ghyp, …Saryarqagha týskensin», – dep qazaq kóshining qiya joldary men tayghaq keshulerin kәnigi tarihshyday tarqatady. Búl Dulattyng eski biyshe maqaldap óleng aitqan kópting biri emes, oqyghan-toqyghany mol, ata-babanyng auyzsha shejiresin jazbasha tarihpen úshtastyra bilgen súnghyla jyrau ekenin taghy bir qyrynan dәleldey týsse kerek.

Dulattyng «Ata qonys Arqadan» atty tolghauy jonghar shapqynshylyghynyng sherli shejiresindey әser qaldyrady. Múnda da Dulat bos sóz, orynsyz zarlaugha boy aldyrmay, qazaqtyng basyna týsken zor qayghyny qaz-qalpynda suretteydi. Ol: «Ata qonys Arqadan, Basynda qazaq aughanda, Kýzdi kýngi nóserdey, Kózining jasy jaughanda, Aqtaban bop shúbyryp, Asyp asqar taudan da, Alqakóldi ainalyp, Aq qayyndy saughanda», – dep el basyna týsken sher-shemendi egile tolghaydy. «Torghayday tozyp, Syrgha týsken halyqtyn» ata-baba kegin alu ýshin qaytadan bir tudyng astyna basy qosylghanyn aityp, osy kezde el tizginin  ústaghan «Ábilmansúr han boldy: Han bolmady qazaqqa, Agharyp atqan tang boldy», – dep Abylay han bastaghan qazaq qolynyng jenisti sherulerine zor shabytpen ýn qosady.

Dulat tolghaularynyng basty ereksheligi tarihy oqighalar tizbegin sol kýiinde tarqata otyryp, oghan ýnemi ózining kózqarasyn bildirip, baghasyn beredi. «Sandyqtas», «O, Saryarqa», «Sauyr jerden airylyp» atty ólenderinde «Atam qonghan iyen dalam! Mendey seni qyzghanar, Bauyrynda ósken qay balan!» – dep, talaugha, tonaugha týsken ata qonysynyng qazirgi ayanyshty hәline jany ashyp, tughan ólkesin «kól qoryghan qyzghyshtay» qorghaydy. Dulattyng azyp-tozghan zamangha degen nalasy: «Mynau azghan zamanda, Qarasy – antqor, hany – aram, Batyry kókser bas aman, Bәibishe – tantyq, bay – saran, Bozbalasy – boshalan, Qyrsygha tudy qyz balan. Nary – jalqau, ker taban, Qúsy – kýishil, at – shaban», – dep zar-zapyran bolyp tógiledi. Qazaqtyng abyroyy asyp, meymanasy tasqan zamannyng shet-jaghasyn kórgen Dulat azghan-tozghan zamannyng adamyn bylay qoyghanda jan-januarlaryn da iske alghysyz etip suretteydi. Áriyne, múnyng birazy boyaudy qalyndatyp, ekspressivti-emosionaldy renkti kýsheytu ýshin qoldanylghan tәsil. Shortanbay, Dulat bastaghan aqyndardyng bir tobyna úly Múhtar Áuezovting «zar zaman aqyndary» dep bagha berui de olardyng shygharmashylyghynyng osy ereksheliginen tuyndaghan dep bilemiz.

Dulattyng narkesken jyrlarynan qazaqtyng ótken zamanynyng ghana emes, sol dәuirding adamynyng keypin, tarihy túlghalardyng tútas portretter galereyasyn kóruge bolady. Ol keyde bir auyz sóz, útymdy tirkes, aishyqty teneu, beyneli sózben salynghan suret arqyly Ábilpeyiz han, Abylay han, Kenesary, Er Qabanbay, Aqtamberdi jyrau, Nar dauysty Narynbay, Qu dauysty Qúttybay, Aqtaylaq bi, Baraq súltan, Er Espembet siyaqty qazaq tarihynyng tórinen oryn alghan túlghalardyng keskin-kelbetin jasap, olardyng ómir tarihynan kesek-kesek maghlúmattar beredi.

Dulat ne jazsa da shyndyqtyng tekemetin tilip túryp jazady. Onyn «Baraqqa», «Kenesbaygha» atty jyrlary – osynyng aiqyn aighaghy. Dulat ondyrmay synap otyrghan han túqymy, agha súltan Baraq Soltabayúly osal jan emes. Ol – Europanyng aristokrat ortasynan shyqqan polyak bekzadasy Adolif Yanushkevichke: «Baraq súltan – Shynghys hannan taraytyn handardyng úrpaghy. Ol әli der shaghynda. Búl – jýzinen núr tógilgen jәne boyyn keremettey kýsh-qayrat biylegen aibyndy adam. Dala Gerkulesining boyyna jomart tabighat asqan aqyl men qaysar minezding ýstine jýrek jútqan batyldyqty da syilaghan. Feodaldyq zaman baronynyng úly esepti ol serilik dәstýrinde tәrbiyelengen: sadaqty eshkim odan dóp atpaghan, asaulardy eshkim odan tez ýiretpegen, auyr tasty eshkim odan onay kótermegen. Qazaq turniyri – bәige, qyzyq-shyjyghyn júrttan búryn kórgen anshylyq pen barymta búl jigitting esimin býkil dalagha keninen jayghan. Onay oljagha qúmar anshylar onyng jasyl tuy astyna jan-jaqtan kelip jinalatyn. Jas batyr ózining qolyn shyndaryn qar basqan Alataugha talay bastap aparghan. Suyldap kelip qúsqa týsken qyranday ol ýisinderding jer qayysqan tabyndaryna talay shýiilgen. Olardyng ózinen toghyz ese basym kýshterin qiratyp, kóp oljagha qaryq bolyp, aman-sau auylyna qaytqan», – degen sózderdi aitqyzghan óz zamanynyng ozyq túlghasy.

Dulat dәl osy súltan Baraqqa qaymyqpay qarsy shyghyp: «Qúryq berding úrygha, Momyndy aldyng qyryna, Malsyzdardy taptadyn, Maldylardy jaqtadyn, Tentekti jasqap qaqpadyn, Aramdardy aqtadyn, Ósekshini maqtadyn, Aramdyq boldy baqqanyn, Orys boldy jaqqanyn», – dep babasynyng altyn taghy men asyl ruhyna kinәrat keltirgen súltandy ondyrmay synaydy. Búl – Búqarekenning Abylaygha, Marghasqa jyraudyng Qataghannyng han Túrsynyna, Sherniyazdyng Baymaghambetke, Mahambetting Jәngir hangha, Dulattyng óz zamandastary Janaqtyng Rýstem tórege, Orynbaydyng Erden súltangha   aytqan    qatuly   jyrlarymen ruhtas tuyndy. Múnday semser sózdi aitu ýshin aqyndyq qabilet az, oghan ójet minez, qaysar jýrek kerek. Dulattyng otty jyrlarynyng qay túsynan bolsyn, búl qasiyet әrdayym menmúndalap túrady.

Dulattyng orysqa jaqqan Baraqty ondyrmay synauynyng taghy bir sebebi, naymannyng qalyng qolyn bastap, ol kezde әli imperiya qúryghyna iline qoymaghan Jetisu jerindegi beybit jatqan ýisin auyldaryn shabuy boldy. Búl turaly Sýiik Abylayhanov bastaghan Úly jýz shonjarlarynyng Batys Sibir gubernatory knyazi Gorchakovqa jazghan gharyznamalary orys múraghatynda saqtalghan. Yanushkevich múny dala batyrlyghynyng kórinisi dep sipattasa, qashanda el birligin kóksegen Dulat: «Jaqsy bolsa úlyghy, Óz elin jauday talamas. …Altyn edi bir kezde, Aghash boldy túghyryn. Tynsyz, tentek tólengit, Shyghardy elding yghyryn», – dep syn tezine alady.

Qazaqta «batyr – anghal» degen sóz bar. Osy anghaldyghymen orys otarshylarynyng arandatuyna erip ketkeni bolmasa, Baraq – namysyn eshkimge bermegen naghyz bahadýr. Yanushkevich jazbalary boyynsha, Baraq Shәueshekte qytay gubernatorymen kezdeskende imperiya hattamasyna say oghan tize býgip sәlemdesudi talap etedi. Ol tek qolyn keudesine qoyyp amandasyp: «Men bir Tәnirding aldynda ghana tize býkken Shynghys hannyng túqymymyn, al sen jay ghana adamsyn», – dep talapty oryndaudan bas tartady. Amaly qúryghan gubernator ornynan úshyp túryp, qúraq úsha qyzmet kórsetip, tórden oryn úsynypty.

Dulattyng Baraqqa aitylghan arnauyna oray Aqtaylaq by onyng әkesi Babataymen kezdeskende agha súltandy kótermelep, aqyndy túqyrta sóilegen eken. Sonda sózge de, uәjge de toqtaghan Babatay: «Jaqsy da bolsa qaraghym, jaman da bolsa qaraghym. Soltabay maghan bere me, asyp tughan Baraghyn», – degen eken. Búl Dulattyng әkesining de dilmәr sóz, sheshendik ónerden habary mol jan bolghandyghyn kórsetedi.

Dulattyng ayausyz minegenderining biri – Kenesbay myrza. Búl da jeti atasynan biylik ýzilmegen, arghy babasy – Nar dauysty Narynbay, bergi atasy – Qu dauysty Qúttybay, óz atasy – Bayghara bi, әkesi ataqty Aqtaylaq by – naghyz shynjyr balaq, shúbar tósting ózi. Dulat onyng tekti atalarynyng bar enbegin zor qúrmetpen tizbeley kelip, dәl ózine kelgende: «Túqymyng degdar bolghanmen, Kenesbay, azghyn tughansyn. …El bilerlik ising joq, Degdar emes, budansyn», – dep auyr-auyr sózder aitady. Búl – óshpendilikten emes, ójettikten, shymyrqanghan shyndyqtan tughan arnau.

Aqyn shygharmashylyghyndaghy «Bireuge», «Ekinshi bireuge» degen shartty ataularmen azyp-tozghan zamannyng tórt miskinine berilgen sipattamalary da – Abaydyng «Kýlembaygha», «Kójekbaygha» atty uytty jyrlarymen ýndes arnaular.

Dulat ózi kórgen, estigen, oqyghan qazaq tarihynyng bel-belesteri men arghy-bergi kezenderin bir-birimen salystyra, shendestire jyrlaghan, otarshyldyq tonauyna úshyraghan tughan halqynyng qayghy-qasireti men sharasyz hәlin múnly jýrekpen tolghaghan óz zamanynyng sherli shejireshisi boldy.

JYRAULAR SONY…

Qazaq jerining shyghysynda ómir sýrip, ózi tughan ólkeden tym alysqa úzap shyqpaghan Dulat jyrlary orta ghasyrlarda – Edilding arghy betinde, Azaulynyng jerinde, Noghaylynyng elinde ómir sýrgen, aryda Asan Qayghy, Qaztughan men Dospambettin, beride Mahambetting otty jyrlarymen úshtasyp jatyr. Dulat tolghaulary halqynyng qamyn joqtap, jayly qonys izdegen Asan Qayghynyng bizge tam-túmdap bolsa da jetken jyrlarymen jýlgeles. Dulat ta aryda jonghar men qalmaqtyn, beride orys otarshylarynyng talauyna týsken ata-babanyng kiyeli qonystaryn ansaydy, sol mekendi, en jaylaudy kókseydi. Osy túrghydan kelgende, onyng múng men zargha qosa, bolashaqqa degen ýmit pen senim órilgen qayrauyq jyrlary Asan Qayghymen saryndas. Dulattyn «Asqar taudyng sәni joq» atty termesi úiqasy ghana emes, mazmúny, maqsat-múraty túrghysynan da Asan-Qayghynyng «Qúiryghy joq, jaly joghynan» tamyr tartyp túr. Búl – qazaq auyz әdebiyetindegi jyraular poeziyasyndaghy ghajayyp poetikalyq dәstýrding ghasyrdan ghasyrgha ýzilmey jetuining aiqyn kórinisi.

Dulattyn «Aqjaylau men Sandyqtas – Atamnyng qonghan qonysy. …Jonyng jaylau keng alan, Atam qonghan, iyen dalam!» – dep bastalatyn jyry Qaztughannyng «Alang da alan, alang júrtymen» astasyp túrsa,  aqynnyng taghy bir tolghauyndaghy: «Tay tuyp, taylaq qayyghan, Toqty qozdap bayyghan, Malyng qysyr qalmaghan, Qulyghyng qúlyn salmaghan», – degen joldar úly jyraudyn: «Jabaghyly jas taylaq, Jarday atan bolghan jer, Jatyp qalyp bir toqty, Jayylyp myng qoy bolghan jer, …Balyghy tayday tulaghan, Baqasy qoyday shulaghan», – degen bederli suretterimen taqyryp jaghynan da, óleng órnegi túrghysynan da ýilesip-aq túr. Dulattyn «Sandyqtasy» men «Saryarqasy» – Dospambetting «Qoghaly kólder, qom sular», «Aynalayyn aq Jayyq» siyaqty ata-babanyng qútty qonys, kiyeli mekenderin tebirene tolghaghan jyrlarymen ýndes, ruhtas tuyndylar.

Búdan Dulat aqyn Dospambet pen Qaztughandy syrtynan bilgen, jyrlaryn estigen degen qorytyndy tumasa kerek. Búl úqsastyq pen ýndestikting qúpiyasy – qazaqtyng batysy men shyghysyna birdey taraghan Er Edige men onyng bahadýr úrpaqtary Oraq-Mamay, Qarasay-Qazi, Begis, Kógis, Janbyrshy, Telaghys turaly qaharmandyq dastandar, Noghayly dәuirinde dýniyege kelgen «Qobylandy batyr», «Er Targhyn» siyaqty batyrlar jyrynyng altyn jýlgesi. Olardy, sóz joq, Dospambet pen Qaztughan zamanynda ómir sýrgen jyraular dýniyege әkelgeni anyq. Sondyqtan búl ortaghasyrlyq poetikalyq dәstýr HIH ghasyr aqyn-jyraulary shygharmashylyghynyng әr túsynan qylang berip otyrady. Mahambet jyrlarynda Shalkiyiz tolghaularyndaghy tútas tirkes pen shumaqtardyng tura sol kýiinde kezdesetini de osydan. Múny týrki halyqtarynyng kók týrik zamanynan ýzilmey jetken eski dәstýrining jana zamandaghy janghyruy dep qabyldaghan jón.

Mahambet degennen shyghady. Dulat jyraular poeziyasynyng altyn kópiri arqyly birde Shalkiyiz, al endi birde Mahambetting ózimen úshtasyp ketedi. Dulat aqynnyn: «Batyrlyqtyng sәni joq – Týn úiqysyn tórt bólip, Elergen túlpar erttelip, Tolghauly nayza qolgha alyp, Túighyn qústay qomdanyp, Sary sadaq asynyp, Egesken jaudy qashyryp, Elin qoryp jauynan, Ereulegen eger dauynan, Tútamdap oq jonbasa!» – degen týidek-týidek jyrlary Mahambetting «Ereuil atqa er salmayyna» tartyp-aq túrghan joq pa?! Dulattyn: «Shamshyraqtay jaynamay, Er dep ataq almaysyn, Almas semser asynbay, Kezengen jaudy qashyrmay, Asudan ary asyrmay, …Bolat nayza qayramay, …Tobyshaq atty jaylamay», – degen tógilip túrghan jyrlary Mahambettin «Berkinip sadaq asynbay, Birtindep jaudy qashyrmay», – dep keletin erlik jyrlarymen ýilesip túrghanyn dәleldep jatudyng ózi artyq. Dulattay joyqyn jyrau men Mahambetting úqsastyghyn shalqyp-tasyghan aqyndyq dәstýrding ghana emes, aspandap, әuelegen órshil ruhtyng ýndesui dep qabyldau kerek.

Aqynnyng han-súltan, bay-baghlandargha arnalghan jyr-tolghaularynyng  bir parasy ýlgi-ósiyetin jastayynan sanasyna sinirip ósken Búqar jyraudyng Abylay han men Bógenbay batyrgha arnaularyn eske týsiredi.

Dulat tolghaulary dombyra men qylyshty qatar ústaghan Aqtamberdidey joryq jyrauynyng aldaspan jyrlarymen de astasyp jatyr. Ekeui bir atadan, bir ólkeden, bir auyldan deuge bolady. Tipti Aqtamberdi Dulattyn «Er Espembet» dastanyna keyipker retinde de enip ketken. Dulat jyrlarynan Aqtamberdining órshil ruhty poeziyasynyng lebi esip túr. Tipti mazmún men týr jaghynan alghanda, Dulattyng dauylday ekpindi jyrlary Aqtamberdi poeziyasynyng jalghasy ispettes. Qoldanylghan teneu, metafora, epiytetti bylay qoyghanda, keyde Aqtamberdining tútas shumaghy da auysyp, týrlenip kelip, Dulatta jalghasyn tabady. Eger Aqtamberdi: «Jarlaugha bitken japyraq – Jamylsaq, tonar ma ekenbiz?! Jazyqqa bitken býldirgen – Súghynsaq, toyar ma ekenbiz?!» – dep týidektetse, Dulatta búl shumaq: «Japangha bitken japyraq, Jamylsan, tonar ma ekensin? Jazghy shyqqan býldirgen, Súghynsan, toyar ma ekensin?» – dep týrlenedi. Dulattyng «Aqtan jasy» – basy býtin Aqtamberdi poeziyasynyng ýlgisimen jazylghan tuyndy. Qos jyraudyng shygharmashylyghyn salystyra zerdeleytin bolsaq, múnday mysaldardy kóptep keltiruge bolady.

Dulat – ózine deyin ómir sýrgen qazaq jyraularynyng óleng órnegin keyde tikeley ruh erkindigi atoy salghan qaharmandyq jyrlardan, keyde solardyng zamandastary tudyrghan dastandar arqyly jastayynan boyyna sinirip, ony kemel oi, kesteli tilmen órbitken, jana zaman әdebiyetining jana lebimen damytqan jyraulyq poeziyanyng sony, aqyndyq әdebiyetting basy.

Jalghasy bar...

Múhtar Qúl-Múhammed

«Qazaq әdebiyeti» gazeti, №1, 15 qantar, 2021 jyl

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