Qazaq dalasyna, jiktep aitqanda Aqmola aimaghyna arnayy tapsyrmamen shyqqan Resey ekspedisiyalary osy úlanghayyr ónirdi әskery jәne ekonomiy­kalyq jaghynan qalay enserip, iygeruge bolatynyn egjey-tegjeyli zertteydi. Remezov, әkeli-balaly Rychkov, Shangin jәne basqa ekspedisiyalar jetekshile­rining jazbalary iyen dalany sayasiy-әleumettik otarlaudyng joldary turaly úsynystargha toly.

IY.Shanginning janynda bolghan mayor Nabokovtyng Sibir korpusynyng koman­diyri general-leytenant Glazenaptqa jazghan raporty búlardyng eshqaysynan kem týspeydi. Ol generalgha birneshe úsynys aitqan.

Birinshi. Qyrghyz-qaysaqtar sabyrly, qyzba qandy emes, onyng ýstine qonaq­jay әri anqau. Olar bizding ne maqsatpen jýrgenimizdi súraghan emes. Ken orynda­ryn kórsetu jónindegi ótinishimizdi sebebin bilmesten bolymsyz syi-siyapat ýshin oryndap jýrdi.

Búlar ózara dýrdarazdyq pen barym­tadan sharshaghan. "Eger biz kelip qala salsaq, tәrtip ornatsaq, qalay qaraysyndar?" - degen saualymyzgha oilanbastan kelise salghan ru aghalaryn jii kezdestirdik.

- Búl tynyshtyq ýshin dúrys bolar edi, - deydi olar. - Alys-júlystan el qajydy.

Qyrghyz-qaysaqtardyng arasynda úzaq jýrgende bir de bir qaqtyghys bolghan joq. Olardy az ghana qaruly jasaqpen biylep alugha bolady. Sondyqtan búl jerge alansyz ene alamyz. Sizden osynday qadam jóninde oilanyp, naqty әreketimizdi qarastyrudy ótinemin.

Qazaq dalasyna, jiktep aitqanda Aqmola aimaghyna arnayy tapsyrmamen shyqqan Resey ekspedisiyalary osy úlanghayyr ónirdi әskery jәne ekonomiy­kalyq jaghynan qalay enserip, iygeruge bolatynyn egjey-tegjeyli zertteydi. Remezov, әkeli-balaly Rychkov, Shangin jәne basqa ekspedisiyalar jetekshile­rining jazbalary iyen dalany sayasiy-әleumettik otarlaudyng joldary turaly úsynystargha toly.

IY.Shanginning janynda bolghan mayor Nabokovtyng Sibir korpusynyng koman­diyri general-leytenant Glazenaptqa jazghan raporty búlardyng eshqaysynan kem týspeydi. Ol generalgha birneshe úsynys aitqan.

Birinshi. Qyrghyz-qaysaqtar sabyrly, qyzba qandy emes, onyng ýstine qonaq­jay әri anqau. Olar bizding ne maqsatpen jýrgenimizdi súraghan emes. Ken orynda­ryn kórsetu jónindegi ótinishimizdi sebebin bilmesten bolymsyz syi-siyapat ýshin oryndap jýrdi.

Búlar ózara dýrdarazdyq pen barym­tadan sharshaghan. "Eger biz kelip qala salsaq, tәrtip ornatsaq, qalay qaraysyndar?" - degen saualymyzgha oilanbastan kelise salghan ru aghalaryn jii kezdestirdik.

- Búl tynyshtyq ýshin dúrys bolar edi, - deydi olar. - Alys-júlystan el qajydy.

Qyrghyz-qaysaqtardyng arasynda úzaq jýrgende bir de bir qaqtyghys bolghan joq. Olardy az ghana qaruly jasaqpen biylep alugha bolady. Sondyqtan búl jerge alansyz ene alamyz. Sizden osynday qadam jóninde oilanyp, naqty әreketimizdi qarastyrudy ótinemin.

Ekinshi. Búl dalada baylyq túnyp túr. Petropavl qamalynan 50 shaqyrym shyghysymen ken oryndaryna kezdese bastadyq. Odan әri úzaghan sayyn múnday jerler kóbeye týsti. Esil men Núra, Damsa jәne Koluton ózenderining qos qaptalynan siyrek metaldar óndiruge bolatynyn anyqtadyq. Bәrinde zavod salyp iygere alar edik. Ol ýshin jaghday jetkilikti. Ken oryndary ózenderden alys emes.

Ýshinshi. Qyrghyz-qaysaq dalasyn osylay óndiristik maqsatta iygeru qor­gha­nys sharalaryn oilastyrudy qajet etedi. Biz jýrip ótken aimaqta ýsh qamal salynghany dúrys. Birin Jaqsy Enistau kólining janynan, ekinshisin Aqmoladan, ýshinshisin Núra ózenining bastalar túsynan túrghyza alamyz. Ár qamalgha bir jayau botalion men 200 kazak, eki zenbirek jetkilikti.

Olardy azyq-týlikpen qamtamasyz etu de asa qiyn emes. Men surettep otyr­ghan ónirde astyq eguge bolatyn qú­nar­ly jerler barshylyq. Ózen alqap­tary shalghyngha bay, malgha qolayly. Osynday aimaqtargha orys sharualaryn qonystandyrsaq, qamaldar azyqtan taryqpaydy. Ár qamaldyng tóniregine 300-den 500 sharua  otbasyn ornyqty­rugha bolady.

Manyzdy úsynys retinde Aqmoladan qamaldy aldymen salu jónindegi oiymdy bólip aitqym keledi. Daladaghy keruen joldarynyng bәri derlik osy arada toghysady. Esil men Núra ózenderi bir-birine jaqyn aghatyn bolghandyqtan manayy qúnarly. Osynday qolayly­lyghyna oray el basqa ónirlerge qaraghanda tyghyz ornalasqan.

Biz jýzdesken Kerey, Uaq, Atyghay rularynyng aqsaqaldary Toqymbet, Derbit, Bimyrzalar orystardyng keluine sonshalyq qarsy emes. Basqalary da osynday pikirde.

Nabokov raportynda ónir júrtymen sanasudy artyq dep eseptegen. Ony ýrkek, batymsyz etip suretteydi. Sol pikirine dәlel retinde Qorghaljynnan әridegi Jaqsy kóng ózenining boyynda bolghan myna oqighany әngimelep beredi.

"Aldynghy otryad jolda kóldeneng so­zylghan qyrattyng ýstine shygha kelgende, etektegi auyl shu etip kóterildi. Qaruly jatjúrtyqtar ýreylendirgeni sonshalyq, ersili-qarsyly jýgirip, qayda qasharyn bilmegen el birin-biri qaghyp-soghyp jatty. Áyelder anyrap, bala jylap azan-qazan. Bireuler ýiding kiyizin sypyryp, bireuler atqa jýgirip jantalasyp jýr.

Myna alasapyrandy kórgen biz tanyrqap túrdyq ta, mәn-jaydy biluge  jolbasshy qazaq Baymyrza men Biboldy jiberdik. Olar úzaq bógelip, Bibol janyna auyldyng bir adamyn erte keldi.

- Búl auyl aghasy Torghay batyr, - dep tanystyrdy.

-             Baymyrza qayda? - dedik.

-             Ony el amanatqa alyp qaldy, - dedi Bibol.  - Eger Torghay batyr oralmasa, óledi.

Torghay ózin Kishi Jýzbin, onyng ishinde tama ruynanmyn dep

tanystyrdy. Qarauynda myngha juyq jan bar eken. Búghyly manyndaghy Dariya ózeninen osynda jaz jaylaugha kóship kelgen.

-             Auyl nege dýrlikti? - dedik.

-             Ayaq astynan myltyq asynghan belgisiz saltattylar shygha kelgen song dýrlikpegende qaytedi, -  dedi ol. - Myna iyen ónirde shauyp ketu, quyp ketu  bolyp túratyn jәit.

Torghay keterinde auylgha soqpauy­myzdy qayta-qayta ótindi. "Onsyz da órekpigen eldi odan әri ýrkitpender" - dedi.

Osynday raporttardan song Resey jaghy nesine tartynsyn. Nabokov úsynystary aitylghan 1816 jyldan song kóp úzamay, atap aitqanda segiz jyldan song Qarqaraly, Kókshetau, al 1832 jyly Aqmola bekinisi salyndy.

1845 jyly Aqtau qamaly men әkimshilik basqaru nýktesine ainalghan Atbasardyng arasynda pochta baylanysy ornatyldy. Osynda sol jyldyng 31 shildesinde Aqtau, Kókshetau, Úlytau, Bayanauyl, Qarqaraly, Ayagóz, Koryakov, Kókpekti, Óskemen jәne Presnogorikov bekinisteri men shekara beketterindegi svyashenikterding jiyny ótedi. Dindarlar bekinisterdegi kazaktardy jәne solardyng manayyna qonystana bastaghan orys sharualaryn Reseyding mýddesin qorghaugha júmyldyrudyng jay-japsaryn talqy­laydy. Qazaqtardy shoqyndyrudyng joldaryn oilastyrady.

1850 jylghy 12 sәuirde Atbasar jeke okrug bolyp bólinip shyghady. Onyng qúramyna Taraqty, Quandyq pen Sýiindik, Baydaly rularynyng sol tónirektegi auyldary týgel engen.

1860 jyly 30 nauryzda Aqmola qa­la­shyghynda da pochta baylanysy qalpy­na keltirilse, arada eki jyl ótkende Úlytaudaghy әskery stanisa ol jerde manyzyn joyghandyqtan Sandyqtaugha kóshiriledi. Búl, ekinshi jaghynan Aqmola men Kókshetaudyng arasyn qarumen qorghaudy jaqsartu ýshin de jasalghan edi.

Osy jyly (1862) 7 mamyrda Aqmola­nyng dәrejesi kóterildi. Resey ishki ister ministri Sibir komiytetine Aqmola eldi mekenin Aqmola qalasyna ainaldyru jóninde úsynys týsirdi.

Atalghan úsynysqa sәikes Batys Sibir general-gubernatory ishki ister miniys­trligine mynanday habarlama joldaydy.

"Aqmola okrugtik prikazyndaghy Sibir qazaqtarynyng ónirine kazaktarmen birge saudagerler, baqalshylar kóptep topta­nuda. Songhy on jylda olardyng osynda aghyluy aiqyn bayqalyp otyr. Sebebi Aqmolada sauda jaqsy damyp keledi, tauar­lary tez ótedi. Qalashyq qazaq obly­synyng kindiginde ornalasqan, Tashkent pen Qoqan jaghynan Petropavlgha ótetin keruen joldarynyng bәri osy jerde toghysa­dy. Saudagerlermen birge túrmys búiymdaryn izdegen qazaqtar da ýzdiksiz kelip jatady. Kóptegen keruender әkelgen zattary Aqmolada tolyq satylatyn bolghandyqtan, saparlaryn әri qaray jalghastyrmay keri qaytady.

Kelip-ketip jatatyn elge arnalghan qonaqjay, 70-ten astam lavka bar.

Aqmola eldi mekenining tayau merzimde Batys Sibirdegi tamasha sauda oshaghyna ainalatyndyghyna kýmәn joq. Soghan baylanysty onda poliyseylik baqylaudy kýsheytu qajet. Qyruar eldi jәne kópting mýlkin qorghau osynday sharasyz mýmkin emes.

Osynyng bәri Aqmolany Semey obly­syndaghy Sergiopoli, Kókpekti, Qapal qalalaryndaghyday poliyseylik basqar­masy bar okrugtik qalagha ainaldyratyn kez jetkenin bildiredi. Múnda qúrylatyn polisiya basqarmasynyng shyghynyn bolys­tardan týsetin 17181 rubliden alugha bolady, osy qarjynyng az ghana bóligi prikazgha qajetti  kense ýilerin salugha bólinedi. Atbasarda múnday qúrylystargha 6 myng rubli júmsalghan bolatyn. Keyin polisiya shyghyndary qalada jinalatyn qarjy esebinen jabylady. Iri sauda oryny retinde qalyptasugha mýmkindigi bar, Sibir men Reseyden kópester kelip qúiylyp jatqan Aqmola keleshekte qara­jat­tan taryqpaydy, qala sharuashylyghy damityn dengeyge tez jetedi."

Osydan song әskery ministr men qar­jy ministrligining basqarushysy atalghan ministrlikterding tarapynan Aqmolany okrugtik qalagha ainaldyrugha jәne oghan qajetti qarjyny habarlamada kórsetilgen jolmen jabugha qarsylyq bolmaytynyn mәlimdeydi. Semey oblysyndaghy Sergio­poli, Kókpekti jәne Qapal qalalaryna berilgen artyqshylyqtar qarastyry­latyny qosa aityldy.

Esep-qisapqa asa úqypty miniys­trlik­ter osy qalalardaghy poliysey basqar­malarynyng shyghynyn kórsete ketudi de úmytpaghan. Ayagóz (Sergiopoli), Kókpekti, Qapalda erekshe shtattaghy әskery ober-ofiyser shenindegi gorodnichiy - 150, hatshysy - 18, qyzmet kiyimine -30, kense shyghyndaryna - 30 rubli alady.

Sol kezende aqshanyng qúndy ekenin eskersek, búl az qarjy emes. Patsha ýki­me­ti mýddesin qorghaytyndargha jomart bol­ghanyn kóremiz. Saudany qyzdyrghan­dardyng jaghdayyn da esten shygharmaghan. 2000; 1000; 400 rubliding saudasyn jasaugha qabiletti, birinshi, ekinshi jәne ýshinshi gilidiya kópesterine arnayy ýi, basqa da qajetti qúrylystardy qazyna esebinen salghan. Mal saudalaghan qazaqtar 100 jylqy, 100 búqa, 100 qoy satsa, "jasaq" salyghynan, yaghny qolma-qol zattay tóley­tin salyqtan bosatylghan. Okrugten tys jerlerden kelgen bayyrghy el saudasyn arnayy kuәlik almay jasaghan.

Endi osynyng bәri Aqmolada jýzege asyrylady.

Batys Sibir bas basqarmasynyng Aq­mo­la eldim ekenin okrugtik qala dәreje­sine kóteru qajettigi jónindegi úsynysyn negizge ala otyryp, ishki ister ministrligi men qarjy ministrligining basqarushysy tómendegidey sheshimge keldi.

1. Sibir qyrghyzdary (qazaqtary. Red.) oblysyndaghy Aqmola eldi mekeni Sergiopoli, Kókpekti jәne Qapal qala­laryna berilgen qúqyqtardy iyelenetin qala dәrejesine kóterilsin.

2. Onda polisiya basqarmasy әlgi qalalardaghy ýlgide jәne shtatta qúralyp, әskery gubernatorgha, oblystyq basqarma men Aqmola okrugtik prikazyna baghyndyrylsyn.

3. Polisiya basqarmasynyng shyghyny jergilikti qarjy kózderi  qalyptasqansha bolystardan jinalatyn aqshadan, al qala qory tolyqqanda, sonyng qarjysynan óteletin bolsyn.

"Ishki ister ministri osy sheshimdi Sibir komiytetining qarauyna úsynady. (Materialy po kirgizskomu zemlepoli­zovanii sobrannye y podpisannye ekspedisiey po issledovanii stepnyh oblastey. Akmolinskaya oblasti. Akmo­linskiy uezd. Tom II-y. Chasti II-aya. Chernigov 1900 g. 484, 485, 486, 487 str.)

Aqmola osylay qala atandy, Esildegi shahardyng jana dәuiri bastaldy. Onyng manyzdy jol torabynda túruy jәne saudanyng damu bolashaghyn aiqyndap berdi. Manayyndaghy jotalanudan dәmeli eldi mekenderge tiyisti mәrtebening bәrin ózine búiyrtyp, túlghalanyp kele jatty.

Aqmolanyng 1850 jyly jeke okrug retinde bólinip shyqqannan bergi iri oqighasy osy edi. Sol okrugke 1852 jyldyng 8 qazanynda Ybyray Jayyqbaev agha súltan bolyp saylandy.

Ybyray Jayyqbaev

Qonyrqúljadan keyin ónirding "taghyna" otyrghan búl shonjar jayly alghashqy resmy derek  "Istoriya Kazah­stana v russkih istochnikah HÝI-HH ve­kov" destesining segizinshi tomynyng birinshi kitabynda berilgen (380-381 better).

"Ybyray Jayyqbaev, starshina, 51 jasta, - delingen onda, - Aqyldy, әdil. Asa dәuletti. Qúlan qypshaq bolysynan, ruy - qúlan. 1827 jyly 20 sәuirde oblys bastyghy qyzmetin atqarushy polkovnik Bronevskiy myrza starshina dәrejesine kóterdi. Ol múnday qúrmetke ýlgili tәr­tibi, tatarsha jәne oryssha sauattylyghy ýshin ie boldy. Jaz jaylauy Koluton jәne Damsa ózenderining boyynda. Qysta Esil ózenindegi Sarterek jazyghynda otyrady, prikazdyng batys jaghynda 150 shaqyrym jerde."

Atalghan destening ÝIII tomynyng ekinshi kitabynda jana agha súltan turaly taghy bir mәlimet bar. Ol "Aqmola oblysy әskery gubernatorynyng airyqsha tapsyrmalar jónindegi kishi sheneunigi Ybyray Jayyq­baevtyng qyzmet tizimi. 1869 jyl" dep atalady (340, 341, 342, 344, 345 better).

Sol tústa jergilikti biylik qúramyn­daghylardyng iskerlik qabileti men jeke adam retindegi qasiyetterine qanshalyqty mәn berilgendigin kórsetu ýshin osy resmy mәlimetti qaz-qalpynda bereyik.

"Sheni, aty-jóni, qyzmeti, jasy, dini, marapattary ...

Polkovnik Ybyray Jayyqbaev, Aqmola oblysy әskery gubernatorynyng airyqsha tapsyrmalar jónindegi kishi sheneunigi, 68 jasta, músylman dininde. Músylmandar ýshin belgilengen 3-shi dәre­jeli Stanislav ordenining iyegeri, sony­men birge Anna lentasyna taghylghan altyn jәne 1853-1856 jyldardaghy soghys­ty este qaldyrugha arnalghan Vladimir lentasyna taghylghan qola medalidarmen marapattalghan. Jyldyq qajetine 800 rubli alady.

Shyqqan tegi?

Qyrghyz (qazaq. Red.) balalarynan.

Áulettik ýi-jayy bar ma?

Joq.

Jaugha qarsy joryqtarda bolyp, shayqastargha qatysty ma?

Joq.

Boydaq pa, әlde ýilengen be? Balala­ry bar ma? Bar bolsa qansha jәne qanday jastarda? Olar qayda túrady, qay dindi ústanady?

Ýsh әieli bar. Bәibishesi - Úlday, odan tughan balalary: Teniz (Teniys) 1879 jyly 10 sәuirde, Omar - 1851 jylghy 5 tamyzda, Múhammed - 1825 jylghy 3 qyr­kýiekte, Biyte - 1821 jylghy 4 sәuirde, Ayghoja -1827 jylghy 2 nauryzda, Bayghoja- 1830 jylghy 4 aqpanda, qyzy Jibek (Djipiyke) -1840 jylghy 7 aqpanda dýniyege kelgen.

Ekinshi әieli Kórkemnen - Múhame­diyar (1836 jylghy 20 jeltoqsan), Ahmet­she (1839 jylghy 7 aqpan), Rahymjan (1855 jylghy 10 jeltoqsan), qyzy Fatima (1849 jylghy 10 jeltoqsan).

Ýshinshi әieli Úmsynnan - Múhamet­jan (1838 jylghy 5 qazan), Ghalijan (1840 jylghy 5 nauryz), qyzdary Altyn (1837 jylghy 12 sәuir), Zaura (1852 jylghy 10 mamyr).

Áyelderi men balalary ózimen birge túrady. Bәri músylman dinin ústanady.

* * *

Resey derekterinde Ybyray Jayyq­baev osylay tanystyrylady. Naqty de­rek­terden agha súltannyng aqyldy әri alym­dy, músylmansha jәne oryssha sauatty, el arasynda bedeldi bolghanyn kóremiz. Ru men rudy, by men shonjardy tabystyruda údayy joly boluy qazaq arasynyng jón-jobasyna jetik, sózge ústa ekendigin de anghartady. Oghan múnday qa­siyetter bitpese, Bayanauyl júrtyn sonda okrug ashugha  kóndirip, osy mәselede biri qostap, biri qarsy shyghyp teketiresken Shong by men azuly Shormandy pәtualas­tyra almas edi. Batys Sibir general-gubernatory Krivonogovty patsha biyligine moyynsúnbay jýrgen Úly Jýz qazaqtaryna bastap kelip, eki jaqtyng til tabysuyna  yqpal eter me edi. Qayta-qayta agha súltan bolar ma edi.

Aqmola qalasy men ónirding búdan arghy tarihyn múraghattarda saqtalghan resmy derekter arqyly naqty taratu ýshin taghy da "Hronologicheskiy perecheni s krat­kim izlojeniyem sushnosty Vysochay­shih gramot, ukazov y uzakonenie izdan­nyh s 1731 po 1896 god, po otnoshenii k kirgizam y naselyaemym imy stepnymy oblastyamy Akmolinskoy, Semipalatins­koy, Semiyrechenskoy, Uraliskoy y Turgayskoy" qújatyna jýgineyik.

1868 jyly 21 qazanda Resey patsha­sy­nyng kezekti jarlyghy shyqty. Orynbor jәne Sibir qazaqtaryn basqarudaghy ol­qylyqtar men qiyndyqtardy joi maq­satymen oblystargha bólu jýiesi qayta qara­lyp, imperatorlyq sheshim qabyl­dandy.

1. Orynbor, Sibir jәne Semey qazaq­ta­ry oblystary men Oral, Sibir kazak әskerlerine qaraytyn jerlerde Oral, Tor­ghay, Aqmola, Semey oblystary qúrylsyn.

2. Aqmola oblysy Sibir qazaqtarynyng Kókshetau, Atbasar, Aqmola okrugterinen jәne Sibir kazak әskeri alty polk okrugterining 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 bólikterinen úiymdastyrylsyn, Omby men Petropavl qalalary engizilsin.

3. Oblystyq qalalar bolyp: Aqmola oblysy ýshin Oblystyq Basqarmanyng kensesi ornalasqan song Aqmola qalasy, Semey oblysy ýshin Semey qalasy bolyp tabylady.

4. Sibir kazak әskeri búrynghy tәrtippen Sibir kazak әskerining pәrmendi atamany lauazymy berilgen Batys Sibir general-gubernatory qyzmetin qatar atqaratyn Batys Sibir әskery okrugi qolbasshysynyng basqaruynda bolady jәne Aqmola, Semey oblystaryndaghy әskerlerding bәrine jetekshilik etedi.

Patsha jarlyghynyng songhy tarmaghy­nan qayta úiymdastyrylghan oblystardyng kazak әskerlerimen myqtap qorghalghanyn kóremiz. Endi daladaghy mal baqqan el týgili úshqan qús, jýgirgen annyng bәri qarauylda túrdy.

1869 jylghy 13 nauryzda Batys Sibir general-gubernatory ishki ister miniys­trine Aqmola jәne Semey oblystarynyn  ashylghany turaly mәlimet berdi.

Osy territoriyalyq әkimshilik bólinis­terge baylanysty Aqmola oblysynyng ontýstigin basqaru ýshin jedel týrde Sarysu uezi qúrylghan.

Myna bir derek te tarih ýshin mәnsiz emes dep oilaymyz. Aqmola oblysy bas­qar­masynyng qarjy shyghyny 11 650 rubli bolyp bekitildi. Al oblys polisiyasynyng qúrylymy uaqytsha merzimge eseptelip, Aqmola uezining bastyghyna baghyndyryldy. Polisiyanyng pristavy men nadzirate­line, hat tasushysy men kense shyghynda­ryna 1800 rubli  jetkilikti boldy.

Osy resmy mәlimettermen tanysqanda patsha ýkimetining oilamaghan, eskermegen nәrsesi sirә da joq shyghar deysin. 1877 jyldyng 19 qarashasynda Aqmola oblys­tyq basqarmasynyng shtatyna ÝII klasty oblys arhiytektory qyzmeti engizilipti. Onyng zeynetaqysy Ý razryadqa jatqy­zylyp, 630 rubli jalaqy belgilen­gen. Osy jylghy 14 jeltoqsanda oblys­tyq statistika komiyteti júmysqa kirisken.

1878 jyly 7 aqpanda, sirә oblystyng basqaru jýiesin qarjylandyru qiyngha týsken shyghar, Tayynsha jәne Konstan­tinov jәrmenkelerine maldәrigerlik-polisiyalyq baqylau jasau, Aqmola ónirining sauda-óndiristik múqtajyn óteudi qamtamasyz etu ýshin atalghan jәrmenke­lerden el satyp alghan әr maldan airyqsha aqshalay salyq jinau jóninde búiryq berilipti. Búl salyqty jәrmenke­ler komiytetteri qúrylghansha arnayy issapargha jiberilgen adamdar jinaghan.

Myna bir janalyq bizding nazarymyz­dy erekshe audardy.

1880 jylghy 2 qazanda oblystyng basqarma bastyghy búryn bolmaghan jarghy qabyldaydy. Sonyng keybir baptaryn qaz-qalpynda keltireyik.

1. Aqmola oblysynyng qazaqtaryna kómek retinde, atap aitqanda, olar tabighy auyr jaghdaylargha dushar bolghanda jәne ýy sharuashylyghy men óndirisin saqtap damytu ýshin oblystyq basqarmanyng janynan nesie kassasy ashylsyn.

Eskertu. Nesie tek qana Aqmola oblysynyng qazaqtaryna, onyng ishinde shyn múqtaj bolghandargha beriledi.

2. Nesie kassasynyng ainalym qarjysy 28777 rubliden túrady. Qazaq­tardan olardyng qoghamdary jinaghan qaytarym tólemderi general-gubernator­dyng núsqauymen nesie qoryna jiberiledi.

3. Nesie menshik jónindegi kitapta tirkelgen qúny 10 rubliden 300 rublige deyin baghalanatyn kiyiz ýii atyna jazyl­ghan shanyraq iyesining qolyna beriledi.

Eskertu. Nesiyening mólsheri kassada bar aqshanyng mólsherine sәikes anyqta­lady jәne nesie alushygha tiyesili mýlik qúnynyng onnan bir bóliginen aspaydy.

Osynday ózgerister әr salada bolyp jatty. 1881 jyly 27 aqpanda Aqmoladaghy prihod uchiliyshesine halyq aghartu ministrligining úigharymymen qalalyq uchiliyshe mәrtebesi berildi. Sol jyldyng 11 shildesinde Orynbor general-guberna­torlyghy taratyldy. Bir jyldan keyin 18 mamyrda Batys Sibir general-gubernator­lyghy men Batys Sibir bas basqarmasynyng kenesi de júmysyn toqtatty. Onyng orny­na Dala general-gubernatory qyzmeti engizildi, shtab-pәteri Omby qalasyna ornalastyryldy. Jana guberniyagha Aqmola, Semey jәne Týrkistan general-gubernatorlyghynan bólingen Jetisu oblystary qaratyldy.

1886 jyly 17 aqpanda Aqmola, Petro­pavl, Qarqaraly qalalarynda uezdik qazynalyq mekemeler ashyldy. Sonyng saldary ma, ile-shala әr shanyraqtan alynatyn salyq 4 rublige kóbeytildi.

Jana oblystar, qalalar elding әleu­met­tik ómirinde eleuli ózgerister tughyzdy. Ortalyq shaharlargha kópes-saudager­lermen birge senimdi-senimsiz júrt jan-jaqtan aghyldy. Alys-jaqynnan úrlanghan mal-mýlik te osy jerlerge toghytyldy. Joq izdegendermen birge baukespeler sapyrylysyp jýrdi.  Jәrmenke sayyn qyzynyp alghan elding top-top bolyp qyrqysuy dәstýrge ainalyp ketti.

Osynyng bәri Aqmolada 1890 jyldyng 17 sәuirinde týrmening ashyluyna әkelip soqty. Ony basqaratyn uaqytsha shtat belgilendi.

Árqaysy jarty Europanyng jerine teng aimaqty alyp jatqan oblystardy tiyimdi basqaru onay emes edi. Olardyng biylik jýiesi men qúrylymy әredik ózgerip otyrdy. 1891 jyly 25 nauryzda Dala general-gubernatorynyng shtaty qayta qaraldy, oghan qosymsha azamattyq jәne qylmystyq sot pen prokurorlyq baqylau palatasy payda boldy.

Jana ereje boyynsha oblystar uez­der­ge bólinde. Aqmola uezine Omby, Aqmola, Atbasar, Petropavl, Kókshetau ónirleri endi. Búl ózgeris sharuashylyq jәne halyq aghartu salalaryna tyng kóz­qarasyn ala keldi. 1895 jyly 15 aqpanda búryn jabylyp qalghan qazaq mektepteri qaytadan ashyldy. 1897 jyldyng 29 mamyrynda Aqmola, Semey jәne Jetisu uezderi birneshe uchaskelerge bólinip, әrqaysyna dәriger, felidsher, felidsher-akusher әiel taghayyndaldy. Olardy dәrigerlik inspektorlar iriktep, әskery gubernatorlardyng bekituine úsynatyn.

Halyq densaulyghyn qadaghalaugha taghayyndalghandar ózderine belgilengen aumaqtardaghy  auyldar men qalalar túrghyndaryna tegin dәrigerlik qyzmet kórsetip, dәri-dәrmekti  tegin taratty. Osy sharalargha qajetti qarjy dәrigerlik inspektorlardyng iyeligine týsip, solar bóletin. Olardyng jalaqysy 300 rubli boluy osy qyzmetke eleuli mәn berilgenin kórsetedi. Múnyng syrtynda kense shyghy­nyna qosymsha 250 rubli jәne bólindi.

Aqmola oblysyndaghy densaulyq saq­tau qyzmetining shtaty qanday bolghandyghy jóninde de mәlimet bar. Bekitilgen ereje boyyn­sha әrqaysy jylyna 1200 rubli enbekaqy alatyn 15 uchaskelik dәriger, 15 felidsher (jyldyq enbekaqysy 200 rubli), 15 felidsher-akusher әiel (jyldyq enbekaqysy 360 rubli) júmysqa qabyldanghan. Múnymen birge issaparlarda jýretin dәrigerlik dayyndyghy bar 19 adam jәne bar.

1897 jyly 19 jeltoqsanda Aqmola oblysy Sibir әskery okrugine qaratyldy. Ónirdegi әkimshilik basqaru reformasy osymen ayaqtaldy.

 

AQMOLA UEZI

Ortalyghy Aqmola qalasy.

1909 jyly qalada 6939 er adam, 7304 әiel esepke alynghan. Olardyng 94-i dvoryan, 11-i pravoslaviya, 5-eui músylman din basylary, 33-i qúrmetti azamattar, 93-i - kópester, 3201-i meshan, 1655-i krestiyan­dar, әskeriyler - 442, sheteldikter - 7491, qalghandary - 227. Pravoslavie dinin ústanatyndar 6064, evreyler - 152, músylmandar - 7532. Túrghyn ýilerding sany - 1221, 1080 -aula, sauda lavkalary - 185.

Qalada sol kezde jalghyz shirkeu bolypty, sinagoga da jalghyz, meshit ekeu. 104 zauyt-fabrika júmys istegen.

Konstantiyn-Eleninskaya jәrmenkesi 21 mamyr men 10 mausym aralyghynda qyzsa, osy jerge jan-jaqtan 1 million 300 myng rubliding mal-mýlki jetkizilip, 2 million 600 myng rublige saudalanghan.

Sol kezdegi uezd bastyghy saray sovet­niygi Aleksandr Grigorievich Nehoroshkov. Onyng kómekshisi, hat taratushysy jәne audarmashylary bolghan.

Memlekettik mekemeler:

1.Krestiyan bastyqtarynyng Aqmola sezi

2.Aqmola qazynalyq kensesi

3.Pochta-telegraf kensesi

4.Sot

5.Salyq inspektory kensesi

6.Aksizdik baqylau kensesi

7.Qonys audarushylar basqarma­sy­nyng Aqmola auyl sharuashylyq qoymasy

8. Dәrigerler toby: Aqmola jergilikti lazaretining agha dәrigeri, Aqmola qonys audarushylar punktining mengerushisi jәne qaladaghy 15-inshi uchaskening dәrigeri.

9.             Mal dәrigerleri kensesi

10.Qala basqarmasy

Bastyghy - Aqmoladaghy iri kәsip iyesi Stepan Andreevich Kubriyn.

Basqarma mýshesi - Petr Gavrilovich Yarushiyn. Qala  dumasynyng hatshysy - Vasiliy Ivanovich Koshkiyn.

11.Oqu-mәdeniyet oryndary:

-              3 klastyq qalalyq uchiliyshe

-              Aqmola auylsharuashylyq mektebi

-              Aqmola qalalyq qoghamdyq kitaphanasy

12.           Pochta bólimshesi

Uezd ben qalanyng basqaru jýiesi men memlekettik mekemeleri osy qúramda úzaq uaqyt júmys istedi.

Sol jyly Kókshetau qalasynda 3523 adam túrypty. Onyng 2058-i meshan, 655-i krestiyan, 393-i sheteldikter. Pravoslavie dinindegiler - 2856, 647 adam músylman dinin ústanghan. Shirkeu bireu, meshit joq. 45 zauyt-fabrika bolypty.

Kókshetaugha qaraghanda Atbasardyng salmaghy basymdau. Ýsh shirkeu, eki meshit salynghan. Jәrmenkeler sany boyynsha Aqmoladan da asyp týsedi. 10 mausymnan 5 shildege deyin ashylatyn Petrovskaya, 27 qarashadan 6 jeltoqsangha deyin júmys isteytin Znamenskaya, 3-15 qyrkýiekte el jinalatyn Vozdviyjenskaya jәrmenkeleri zamanynda býkil qazaq dalasyna belgili edi.

SAUDA

Jәrmenke qazaq dalasynda birneshe mәn-mazmúngha ie bolghany belgili. Ol alys-beristing ynghayly oryny boluymen qatar mereke-dumannyng da oshaghy edi. Ánshi-kýishi, aqyn, paluan, bay-manap jinalyp, mal sonyndaghy kýibeng tirlik­ten qajyghan el emin-erkin kónil kóte­retin. Ár rudyng әldileri jәrmenkelerge aldyn-ala dayyndalghan, aqynyn baptaghan, paluanyn shyndaghan, jigitterin qayraghan, jýirigin bauyrynan jaratqan. Alys-jaqyn andyzdap jetetin duman kimning kim ekenin  aiqyndap beretin. Aqyny jengen, paluany jyqqan jaq aidarynan jel esip, auyzdygha sóz bermese, beldeskeni býgilip, egeskeni enkeyip ensesi týskenderi basynan baghy tayghanday tenseletin. Jәrmenkede aitylghan әr sóz alty aishylyq jerde janghyryghyp, shyrqalghan әn alty alashqa shyghandap ketetin.

Jәrmenkelerge ýiir-ýiir jylqy, otar-otar qoy, tabyn-tabyn siyr barlyq aimaqtardan aidalatyn. Saba-saba qymyz ben qazy-qarta, jal-jaya jeseng de arman, jemeseng de arman edi. Dala halqy óndirmeytin ydys-ayaq, shay-qantty qala kópesteri búldap baghatyn. Aziyadan jetkizilgen kezdeme, kiyim-keshek pen jemis-jiydek alushysyn tappay qalmaytyn. Europagha tәn shyny, temir búiymdar men iyne-jip eldin, opa-dalap, syrgha-monshaq qyzdyng zәru zaty ekenin biletin saudagerler baghasyn týsirmey túryp alushy edi.

1890 jyly Aqmola uezindegi jәrmen­kelerde 8 million 73123 rubliding sauda­s­y jasalghan. Ákelingen mal әuelde 1 million 525129 rublige baghalansa, sauda barysynda 160 myng rublige asyp týsipti.

Jyl ótken sayyn jәrmenkelerge qyrdan aidalatyn maldyng sany kemy bergeni bayqalady. Oghan jyryndy saudagerlerding bazarda maldyng qúny ósip shygha keletinin bilip, elge ózderi shyghuy, alystan arzangha әketui sebep.

Jәrmenkelerding ishinde Aqmoladaghy Konstantinov, Atbasardaghy Petrov, Petro­pavldan 110 shaqyrym jerdegi Tayynsha jәrmenkelerining sauda aina­ly­my auqymdy boldy. Olargha kópester men dәulettiler Sibir men Reseyden, Týr­kistan men Qoqannan keruen jóneltti.

Jәrmenke komiytetteri sony payda­lanyp sauda ayasyn barynsha keneytken, Qarqaralydaghy Qoyandy sekildi ataqty jәrmenkelermen baylanys jasap, saty­la­tyn búiymdardy ózara kelisip otyrghan.

Kele-kele múnday sauda nýkteleri kóbeye bastady. Atbasarda - Znamens­kaya, Kókshetauda - Qazan, Aryqbalyq stansasynda Aleksandr-Nevskiy, Petropavl uezinde Rojdestvensko-Bogorodskaya, Mihalovskaya, Nikoliskaya t.b. jәrmenkeler az ghana uaqyttyng ishinde aimaqqa tanylyp ýlgerdi.

Konstantinov jәrmenkesi

Salqyn kóktemde ashylatyn bolghan­dyqtan әkelingen mal búl kezde az jәne aryq bolatyn. Qazaqtar qala túrghyn­darynyng súranysyn eskerip shamalap jetkizip jýrdi. Múndaghy sauda negizinen Qarqaralydaghy Qoyandy jәrmenkesi taraghan song qyzady. 10 - shildeden bastap kýn sayyn jylqy men siyrdy qosyp eseptegende toqsan myng mal aidalyp әkeledi. 1890 jyly osy kezde 3923 jylqy, 4133 siyr, 88735 qoy, 25 týie bir kýnde satylghan eken. Múnyng syrtynda 20550 jylqy terisi, 147 myng qoy men 3500 qozy terisi, 10948 týie terisi ótkizilgen.

Elde maldyng az bolmaghanyn myna mәlimetten kóre alamyz. Tek qana Konstantinov jәrmenkesi arqyly eki mausymda 1889 jyly 521059 bas jylqy men siyr satylghan.

Petrov jәrmenkesi

Arqadaghy jol toraptarynyng biri Atbasarda, qolayly jerde ornalasqan. Tobyl men Orynbordan, Permi guber­niyasynan, ontýstikte Búhardan týrli tauarlar ýsti-ýstine kelip jatatyn. 1890 jyly osynda 287650 bas mal satylyp, qyr qazaqtary 113 myng 745 rubliding túrmystyq búiymdaryn alypty. Jәrmenke sayyn 500 myngha juyq rubliding maly ótkizilip túrypty. El bir qatynaghanda 3500 jylqydan, 4700 iri qaradan, 27000 qoydan kem әkelmegen.

Tayynshakól jәrmenkesi

15 mausymnan 30 tamyzgha deyin sozyla­tyn sauda ýshin jyl sayyn 150 kiyiz ýy tigiledi. Onda mal alatyndar negi­zinen alypsatarlar bolghan. Qazaqtar әkelgen tórt týlikti tik kóterip satyp alyp Resey jaqqa jóneltip otyrghan. Qyr malynyng eti dәmdi ekenin biletin orys aqsýiekteri olargha arnayy tapsy­rys beredi eken. Al óz kezeginde qoy men marqa etin Peterburgke patsha sarayyna jóneltken. Fransuz Markiz de Kustin "Nikolay Reseyi" atty enbeginde sarayda bolghanyn, erekshe dәmdi et jep, onyng jay-japsaryn súraghanda, qyr qazaqtarynan aldyrylghan marqa eti jәne jylqynyng qazysy ekenin aitqanyn әjeptәuir әngime etedi.

Qazaq maly sonymen patsha dastar­hanyna da jetken. Jyl sayyn Moskva - 375 myn, Peterburg 345 myng pút et aldyrtyp otyrypty, qara halyq ýshin emes, aqsýiekterge.

Vladimir guberniyasyna -* 450, odan әride Europagha, mәselen Reveli men Libavagha 405 myng dana teri jóneltiledi eken. Berlin de sapaly teri búiymdary­na qajetti shiykizatty qazaq dalasynan izdegen, jylyna 380 myng dana aldyryp otyrghan.  Múnymen qatar Petropavl arqyly Qazan men Peterburgke 180 myng pút  mal mayy jiberilip túrghan. Osy bar­lyq mal ónimderining tek Petropavl­dan ghana әri asyrylghan kólemin aqshaghy shaqqanda, 8 million rubli bolady.

Jәrmenkege kelsek, múnda jyl sayyn 1 million 356 myng 789 rubliding saudasy jasalyp kelipti. 1890 jyly ghana 405943 mal, 80 myng rubliding týrli búiymdary ótkizilipti.

Maldy әr týlikke bólsek: jylqy - 2104, iri qara - 13700, qoy -205390. Búlardyng ishinde Qapaldan úzyn sany - 92750, Bishpekten -11050 bas mal aidalyp әkelipti. Soghan qaraghanda qazaq dalasyndaghy jәrmenkeler Alatau qyrghyzdary ýshin de tiyimsiz  bolmaghan sekildi.

Ár jәrmenkege jeke toqtala bermey, olardyng 1890 jylghy jalpy kórsetkishin qorytyp bereyik.

1890 jyly Aqmola, Atbasar, Kókshetau, Petropavl jәrmenkelerinde 10995 jylqy, 23383 iri qara, 322675 qoy tiridey satylghan. Et pen terisin  saudagha salu ýshin 24466 jylqy men siyr, 308195 qoy soyylghan. Jylqynyng - 175937, siyrdyng -161754, qoydyng - 1 million 185009, qozynyng -510459, týiening -4712 terisi ótkizilipti. Dәl osynday kólemdegi mal men mal ónimderi qazirgi Aqmola men Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblystarynda bir jyldyng ishinde satylmaydy. Osy ónirlerde býginde sonsha jylqy men siyr, qoy men týie bolsa, ol ýlken baylyq emes pe?..

 

Aldan SMAYYL, Parlament Mәjilisining deputaty

«Egemen Qazaqstan» gazeti 1 shilde 2009 jyl