1737 jyly 16 qarasha kýni әiel patsha Anna Ioanovnanyng pәrmenimen Sibirde (qazirgi elimizding soltýstik óniri) qúl saudasyn jýrgizu zandastyryldy.

Osyndaghy jarlyqta: «...týzemdikter qolgha týsse, olardy satugha, shoqyndyryp, aqysyz-púlsyz tegin ústaugha rúqsat etiledi», dep jazylghan. Qúldyq ezgi әsirese, Oirat handyghynyng qúlauy men orystardyng qazaq dalasyna aghylyp keluimen baylanysty kýsheygen ýstine kýsheye týsti. 1755 jyly jogharydaghy qúl saudasyn zandastyrghan patsha Anna Ioanovnanyng pәrmenine qosymsha jarlyq qabyldanyp, pomeshikter satyp alghan qúldaryn tauar retinde aiyrbastaugha, olardy shoqyndyrugha erikti delingen. Búl zang 1822 jyly «Sibir qazaqtaryn basqaru» erejesi shyqqan song kýshin joydy. Demek otarlaushylar 1737-1822 jyldary, 85 jyl boyy qazaqtardy qúldyqqa satumen ainalysty.

Akademik Manash Qozybaev: «Qazaq – otarshylyqtyng eng bir jeksúryn týrin kórgen el. Keybir tarihshylar: «orys otarlauyn aqtaghysy kelip, orystar qúl saudasyn jasamady, jergilikti halyqty qyrmady, tek ghana shiykizatyn paydalandy», - deydi. Eger siz professor Fursovtyng 1915 jyly jaryq kórgen «Sibirskie chteniya» atty jazbasyn oqyp kórseniz, qazaqtar әlemdegi eng jeksúryn otarshylyqtyng týrin kórgenin bilesiz. Jazbada, otarlaushylar qazaqtyng qyz-kelinshekterin paydalanyp jezóksheler ýiin jasaqtau ýshin arnayy qosyn jiberip, qazaqtyng jas qyzdaryn baylap-matap ústap әkelgeni jayly, olardy bazarda qoysha satqany jayly kórsetilgen...», - dep jazady.

Sol siyaqty, qazaq oqyghandarynyng biri Teljan Shonanúly ózining bir jazbasynda qúldyqqa satylghan qazaq qyzdarynyng taghdyryn ashyna otyryp bayandap: «Jarly qazaqtardyng balalaryn satyp alyp, ýkimet orysqa qúl qylyp bermek. Qyz balalardy katorgagha aidalghandargha qatyn qylyp bermek. Sonyng ýshin patsha 1825 jyly әmir qylady: «Qanday jolmen bolsa da qazaqtan qyz balalar satyp alyndar, olardy katorgagha aidalghandargha qatyn qylu kerek», - deydi.

Jogharyda Shonanúly aitqanday, qazaq qyzdaryn satyp alyp, kýng retinde ústau HIH ghasyrdyng ortasyna deyin jalghasyp keldi. Saudagha týsken qazaqtardyng (1737 jylghy derek) qúny: 40 jastaghy qazaq әieli – 12 somgha; 30 jastaghy jigit (әielimen birge) – 1 at, 1 qúlyn jәne 16 somgha; 16 jastaghy bozbala – 12 somgha; 20-daghy jigit – 15 somgha satylghan. Sol zamanda qúr attyng qúny 91.5 tiyn ekenin esepke alsaq, qúl saudasy asa tiyimdi bolghany bayqalady. Osynday tiyimdi saudadan payda tabu ýshin qazaq dalasynda adam aulau nauqany ýzdik-ýzdik jýrgizilip túrghan synayly. Qazaq dalasyn zertteushi ghalym G.N. Potaniyn ózining bir jazbasynda: «Sibir orys-kazak jasaghy Irbitke qúl satu ýshin qazaq dalasyna jiyi-jii joryq jasap túrghan. 1743 jyly qarashada jýzbasy Dorohovtyng 280 adamdyq qaruly otryady qazaq dalasyna shabuyl jasap, 42 er adamdy qúldyqqa satu ýshin tútqyngha alyp, 812 bas mal aidap ketti», - deydi.

Qazaq jerinen qúldyqqa týskender Oral, Ertis, Esil shekara shebindegi bekinisterge satylyp ketetin. Jalpy Resey kóleminde qúl satatyn ýlken bazar 1631 jyly ashylghan Irbit (Irbiyt) jәrmenkesi boldy. Múnda qúl saudasy HVI ghasyrdyng ortasynda qatty qarqyn alghan. Onda eresek qúldar 25-50 som aralyghynda, balalar 10-25 som kóleminde satylghan. Patsha aghzam qazaqtardy qúldyqqa satu jayly rúqsat bere otyryp, ýkimetke baghynyshty qazaq súltandaryna qúl ústaugha mýmkindik jasaghan. Búl jaydy «mýmkindik» degennen góri imperiyagha baghynyshty týrkitektester arasyna ot tastau degenge sayady. Mysaly, 1755 jyly 5 kyrkýiekte joghary mәrtebeli patsha Núraly hangha joldaghan gramotasynda: «Qashqan bashqúrttardyng әieli, bala-shaghasy, mal-mýlki sizge jәne sizge qarasty starshyn-súltandargha syilyq bolsyn», – degen. Osy oqigha qazaq dalasynda qúl paydalanudyng zang jýzindegi alghashqy aktisi boldy», – deydi Kraft.

Osy tústaghy qazaq júrtynyng ahualy jayly Shoqan Uәlihanov dosy A.N. Maykovke jazghan hatynda: «Sibirde búratanalardy tek itke talatpaydy, odan basqanyng bәrin isteydi», - deydi. Zertteushi-jurnalist Amantay Kәken «Zúlmat jyldardyng zapyrany» atty zertteu enbeginde: «Qúl saudasyna týsken qazaqtardyng qúny bazar narqyna baylanysty ózgerip túrghan. Mәselen, 1737 jyly 40 jastaghy әiel 12 somgha, 30 jastaghy jigit (kelinshegimen qosa) 1 at, 1 qúlyn jәne 16 somgha baghalanghan. 1748 jyly Áulie Petr qorghanynda 25 jastaghy әiel qúlyndy bie jәne shúgha shekpenge aiyrbastalghan. 20 jastaghy qazaq jigiti 15 somgha jetken. Sol kezding baghasymen iri qara maldyng eki pút (32 kiylә) eti 80 tiyn, al, attyng qúny 91,5 tiyn bolghanyn eskersek, qazaqty qúldyqqa satu asa tiyimdi biznes kózi bolghan», - deydi.

Qazaq dalasynda balalardyng qúldyqqa satyluy, birinshiden, dalagha shep-beldeu jәne bekinister payda bolyp, ghasyrlar boyy meken etken jerinen aiyrylghan qazaqtar asharshylyqqa úshyrady. Onyng ýstine, otarlaushylardyng әskery otryady «shepke shabuyl jasady» degen jeleumen qyrghyn-sýrgin úiymdastyrdy. Osynday jaugershilik hәm asharshylyqtyng saldarynan dala da bala satu nauqany qyzdy. Orys zertteushisi A.I. Levshiyn: «Maly men jerinen aiyrylghan qazaqtardyng at-kóligi barlary shetke bosyp qashsa, asa auyr túrmys-tauqymetine tap bolghan janúyalar óz balalaryn qúldyqqa sata bastady. 1815 jyly Kishi jýz jerinde bir aidyng ishinde 200 qazaq balasy óte arzangha satyldy», - dep jazady. Sol tәrizdi Peterbor Ghylym akademiyasynyng mýshesi, professor V.I. Dali: «Shekara boyyndaghy qazaqtar osy qysta taghy da óz balalaryn sata bastady. Jaqynda men 75 somgha (assignasiyamen) satyp alynghan tórt er balany kórdim», - dese, 1802 jyly Troysk qalalyq tamojna mekemesi Sauda ministri Rumyansovqa jazghan qyzmettik dokladta: «Qazaqtardyng kóbi jalanash-jalpy, erkegi, әieli, balalary qanghyryp qayyr súrap jýredi. Búlardyng ayanyshty hәli kózge erekshe týsedi», - degen joldar bar. Qysqasy, 1819 jyly I Aleksandr patsha «búratana balalaryn qúldyqqa satugha, alyp-satarlargha satyp alugha rúqsat etken qújat qabyldaydy. Sol siyaqty Aleksey Levshinning de jazbasynda (1832 jyly jaryq kórgen): «bazarda satylyp jatqan qazaq balalarynyng qúny» jayly derek bar. Onda, er bala – 4-5 qap arysh biday, qyz bala – 3-4 qap arysh bidaygha satylghany aitylady. Kerekulik tarihshy Jenis Mardanúly: «Osy zang shyqqan tústa orys-kazak atty jasaghy qazaq auyldaryn shauyp, qolgha týsken balalardy jeke óndirisi bar pomeshikterge satumen shúghyldandy», - dese, kórnekti tarihshy E.B. Bekmahanov: «Basybayly enbek kýshin paydalanatyn iri-iri tau-ken zavodtarynyng iyesi men orys pomeshikterine balalardy qúldyqqa satu turaly Aleksandr I patshanyng arnayy shygharghan zany arqyly rúqsat beruining nәtiyjesinde, Gurievte bir aida 100 qazaq balasy: úldar – 4,5 dorba, qyzdar – 3,4 dorba qara biday únyna satyldy», - deydi .

1911 jyly Semeyde shyqqan «Zapisky geograficheskogo obshestva» atty basylymynyng 5-shi betinde: «1808 jyly orystar qazaq balalaryn satyp alugha jәne aiyrbastaugha ýkimet atynan qúqyq aldy, biraq satyp alynghan qúldar 25 jasqa tolghanda erkindik alatyn boldy. Búl әli liyberaldyq zang edi. Óitkeni, búl zang shyqpay túryp orys-kazaktar jәne әrtýrli әskery qyzmet atqarghan adamdar qazaqtardyng әielderin, balalaryn jәne júmysshylaryn kýshpen tartyp alatyn edi. Biraz voevoda qazaq әielderden garem ústaytyn. Áyelderding baghasy salystyrmaly óte tómen boldy: 7 jastaghy qyz 20 tiyn túrdy, al úl bala 25 tiyn, eresekterding baghasy 10-nan 20 somgha deyin kóterildi. Sauda ótkizetin ortalyq ol Irbit jәrmenkesi boldy», - dep jazady. Jazushy Sәbit Múqanovtyng «Qazaqtyng HÝIII-HIH ghasyrdaghy әdebiyet tarihynyng ocherkteri» atty 1942 jyly jaryq kórgen enbeginde: «1819 jyly I Aleksandr patsha qazaqtyng balalaryn satyp alugha, basqagha satyp sauda jasau turaly zang shyghardy. Búl oqigha jayly Aleksey Levshin 1832 jyly jazghan «Qyrghyz-qazaq ordalarynyng tarihy» atty kitabynda: «Bazarda qazaqtyng er balalarynyng satylatyn qúny 4-5 qapshyq arysh biday, qyz balanyng baghasy 3-4 qap arysh edi», - deydi. Jәne bir aida qazaqtan 100 bala satylghanyn aitady. Atamyz qazaqtyn, «jau jaghadan alghanda, bóri etekten tartady» degendey, ózderi asharshylyqqa tap bolyp, aman qalu ýshin bala-shaghasyn satugha mәjbýr bolghan qazaqtardy ekinshi jaqta, otarlaushylardyng qolshoqpary orys-kazak atty jasaghy olardyng balalaryn tartyp alyp, mal-mýlkin tonau isimen ainalysty. Tarihshy A.I. Levshinning jazbasynda: «Áskery izdeu» dep atalatyn qaruly jazalau ekspedisiyasy dýrkin-dýrkin auyldardy oirandap, mal-mýlkin tonady. Mysaly, 1830 jyly osynday otryad bir ghana Baybóri eline zorlyq jasap, 12 myng qoy, 2 myng jylqy, 1500 siyr, 700 týie aidap ketti», - deydi.

Qúldyqty joy qújatnamasynyng qabyldanuy

1808 jyly 23 mausymda shyqqan jarlyqta: «Barlyq erikti orys azamattary qyrghyz (qazaq) balalaryn aiyrbastaugha, satugha, mynaday jaghdayda rúqsat beriledi:

1. Jasy 25-ke jetse;
2. Ayyrbasshylar men satyp alushylar búl jóninde (satu, aiyrbastau, satyp alu, almastyru jóninde) Orynbor shekaralyq komissiyasyna mәlimdese;
3. Árbir satyp alushy tútqyndy basqa bireuge beruge erikti delingen. 1819 jylghy 13 aqpandaghy Senat bekitken jarlyqta: «Qyrghyzdar jәne qyrghyz әielderi 1808 jylghy jarlyqqa deyin satyp alynghandar jәne jarlyqtan keyin satyp alynghandar dep bólingendikten, alghashqylary ómirining aqyryna deyin qojayynynyng qolynda qalady, al songhylary 25-ke tolghannan keyin azat dep eseptelinsin», - delingen. HVIII ghasyrdyng birinshi jartysynda bastalghan qúl saudasy 1822 jylghy 22 shildede qabyldanghan «Sibir qyrghyzdary turaly jarghy» negizinde toqtatyldy. Atalmysh jarghynyng 276-paragrafynda: «...Osy kýnnen bastap janadan qúl ústaugha qatang tyiym salynsyn!», - delingen. Biraq N. Krafttyng deregi boyynsha: «Qazaq dalasynda qúldyqtyng tolyq joyyluy 1875 jyldan keyin ornady», - deydi.

Rasynda, qazaqtardy qúldyqqa satu oqighasy 1822 jyly patsha ýkimeti zang qabyldap tyiym salghanymen toqtaghan joq. Taghy bir qújatta, 1859 jyly Batys Sibir general-gubernatory G.H. Gasfordtyng búiryghymen 400-ge juyq qyrghyz (qazaq) qúldargha bostandyq berilgeni turaly mәlimet bar.

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