Basy: Oralghandar eli – Izraili

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1947 jyldyng 29-qarashasynda BÚÚ Palestina jerinde tәuelsiz evrey jәne arab memleketin qúru jónindegi qaulysy shyghysymen, 24 saghattyng ishinde kýlli Palestinada qan-qasap soghys órti qaulay jónelgendigin aitqan bolatynbyz. Soghystyng alghashqy maydany bizding úghymymyzdaghy últ aralyq arazdyq dengeyinde boldy. Al 1948 jyldyng 14-mamyrynda Izraili óz derbestigin jariyalap, memleket qúru isine kirisken kýnnen-aq ainaladaghy arab memleketteri Izrailige resmy soghys jariyalady. Búl soghys shyn mәninde memleket aralyq qyrqys bolatyn.

Palestinadaghy arabtar men evreylerding qyrqysy kezinde evreyler IYerusalimnen basqa Izrailige bólingen aumaqty týgeldey óz baqylauyna alyp ýlgergedi. Arabtar óz ata-qonystaryn tastap, basy aughan jaqqa bosyp ketti. IYerusalimning ózi qorshauda qaldy. Arab әlemining qaq ortasynda ghayyptan tayyp bir evrey memleketining boy kóterui arab elderining namysyna tiyip, tózimin tauysty. Endi ghana shanyraq kótergen Izrailige Irak, Siriya, Livan, Iordaniya jәne Egiypet qaruly kýshteri jan-jaqtan lap qoydy. Soghys órti ayaday Izrailiding barlyq shekarasynda tútandy. Al olargha qarsy soghysyp jatqan Izraili armiyasy búrynghy qaruly kýshter negizinde endi ghana jasaqtalyp jatqan bolatyn. Olarda qaru-jaraq pen oq-dәri tapshy boldy. Tankke qarsy qoldanatyn birde-bir auyr qaru týri bolghan joq. Sonda da olar tәuelsiz, jas Izraili memleketin qorghau ýshin janyn shýberekke týiip, erlikpen shayqasty. Soltýstik shepte 1948 jyldyng 15-mamyrynda tәuelsizdikting ekinshi kýni Siriya armiyasy Iordaniya ózeni angharyndaghy evrey qonystaryn úshaqpen bombalap, zenbirekpen atqylay bastady. Eki kýnge sozylghan toqtausyz bombalaudan son, eldi-mekender qirap, qorghanys kýshteri auyr shyghyngha úshyraghan son, keri sheginuge mәjbýr boldy. Siriya armiyasy eldi-mekender men saqshy bólimshelerin basyp aldy. 28-mamyrda arab qosyndary  IYerusalimning eski qalashyghyn evreylerden bosatty. Biraq, arabtar evrey qosyndarynyng jandy kýshterin talqanday alghan joq. Búl soghysta shashyray qonystanghan evrey eldi-mekenderi kәri-jas, er-әiel demey, jan qiyarlyqpen soghys qimyldaryna belsene qatysqandyqtan, Izraili jerine basyp kirgen arab qosyndaryna oisyrata soqqy berdi. Búl soghysty halyqarada «Palestina soghysy» dep ataydy. Múnyng maghynasy arabtar men evreylerding Palestina ýshin bolghan soghysy degendi bildiredi. Al Izraili múny tәuelsizdik ýshin soghys dep ataydy. Al tarihshylar búl soghysty «Birinshi retki orta-shyghys soghysy» dep ataghan bolatyn. Sebebi, osydan keyin de әldeneshe ret arab elderi men Izrailiding arasyndaghy soghys oty tútanghandyqtan, ony rettik sany boyynsha bildirgendegisi edi. Búl soghys 1949 jyldyng 3-qantarynda  Izrailiding jenisimen ayaqtaldy. Al soghystan eng kóp zardap shekkender Palestinalyq arabtar boldy. Osy soghystyng kesirinen BÚÚ sheshimimen qúrylugha tiyis arab memleketi qúrylmay qaldy. Olardyng jerin Izraili, Iordaniya jәne Egiypet pyshaq ýstinen bólisip aldy. Izraili tarapynan jenis qomaqty bolghany sonshalyq, Izraili óz territoriyasyna 6 222 sharshy km aumaqty qosyp alyp, óz aumaghyn 21 100 sharshy km deyin keneytip ýlgerdi. Halyqaralyq sarapshylar Izrailidi túraqty shekara bolmaydy dep mysqyldaydy. Sebebi, Izraili men әr retki arabtar soghysynda Izraili aumaghy keneyip otyrady. Múnda soghys qimyldary eng sonynda beybit bitimmen ayaqtalatyndyqtan, arab elderi Izraili basyp alghan aumaqtardy zandastyrmasa da, uaqytsha bitimmen olardyng iyelik qúqyghyn moyyndaugha mәjbýr bolady.

1956 jyly Izraili men Angliya, Fransiya qosyndary Egiypetke bir uaqytta shabuyl jasady. Búl soghys Egiypetting Sues kanalynyng iyelik qúqyghyn qaytaryp alugha baylanysty tuyndaghan bolatyn. Tarihshylar múny «Ekinshi retki orta-shyghys soghysy» dep ataydy. Búl soghysta Izraili Gaz aimaghy men Sinay týbegin basyp aldy. Biraq sonynan qaytaryp beruge mәjbýr boldy. Tek osy jolghy soghysta ghana Izraili óz aumaghyn keneyte alghan joq.

1967 jyldyng 6-mausymynda Izraili, Egiypet, Siriya jәne Iordaniyagha bir uaqytta tútqiyl soghys ashty. Soghys 11-mausymda toqtaghangha deyin bar-joghy jýz-aq saghatqa jalghasty. Búl soghysty Izraili «6 kýndik soghys» dep ataydy. Osy alty-aq kýnde Izraili kýlli әlemge, әsirese, ózining arab kórshilerine soghys quatynyng qanshalyqty joyqyn ekendigin dәleldep berdi. Tarihshylar múny «Ýshinshi retki orta-shyghys soghysy» dep ataydy. Búl soghysta Izraili bir kezderi Egiypet pen Iordaniyanyng Palestina jerinen basyp alghan barlyq aumaqty (Gaz aimaghy, Iordaniya ózenining batys jaghalauy jәne IYerusalimning shyghys bóligi) ózine qosyp aldy. Osydan keyin bir dәuirde aghylshyndar senimdi basqarugha alghan Palestinanyng barlyq aumaghy Izrailiding baqylauyna ótti. Búdan tys Izraili  Egiypetting Sinay týbegi men Siriyanyng Golan ýstirtin de ózine qosyp aldy. Ádette halyqarada «basyp alynghan aimaq» dep atalghan jerler menzeledi. 1967 jylghy soghys toqtatu kelisimine sәikes belgilengen shekara syzyqtaryn Izrailidikter  «kýlgin syzyq» dep ataydy. Búl «kýlgin syzyqtyn» ishindegi Izraili baqylauyndaghy aumaqtar 87 000 sharshy km qúraydy. Búl әuelgi BÚÚ belgilep bergen territoriyalyq aimaqtan 6 esege ýlken. Izrailiding búl jolghy ashqaraqtyqpen irge keneytuin arab elderi týgili, halyqaralyq qauymdastyq ta qabylday alghan joq. AQSh-ty qamtyghan batys әlemi de Izraili territoriyasy turaly әngime bolghanda olardyng zandy territoriyalyq aumaghy 1967 jylghy soghysta basyp alghan aumaqty qamtymaytyndyghyn shegelep aitumen keledi. Halyqaralyq qauymdastyq Izraili territoriyasy bar bolghany 20 000 shaqyrymnan aspaydy dep esepteydi (esepteu tәsilderining úqsamauyna baylanysty 20 300 sharshy shaqyrymnan 21 100 sharshy shaqyrym aralyghynda).

Halyqaralyq qauymdastyq Izrailiding múnday irge keneytuine qyryn qaraghandyghy sebepti Izraili de keyin qosyp alghan «jasyl syzyq» pen «kýlgin syzyqtaghy» aumaqtardy «basyp alynghan aumaq» dep ataydy. 1980 jyldan búryn búl aimaq Izrailiding kartasyna kirgizilmegen bolatyn.

1973 jyly 6-qazanda Egiypet pen Siriya birlesken qosyndary Izrailige tútqiyldan soqqy berip, 1967 jylghy «6 kýndik soghystyn» qarymtasyn qaytarmaq boldy. Bir qyzyghy,  soghystyng alghashqy 1-2 kýninde shabuyldaushy tarap basym týskenimen, sonynan Egiypet pen Siriya qosyndary kýirey jenilip, keri shegindi. Tipti, Izraili qosyndary búrynghy kelisimderde kórsetilgen Sues kanalynan da asyp, Egiypetting negizgi qosyndaryn qorshaugha aldy. Eger BÚÚ ara-aghayyndyq tanytyp, soghysty toqtatpaghanda, Egiypetting jaghdayy mýlde mýshkil bolar edi. Búl soghysta Siriya, Golan ýstirtin tastap shyqty. Búl soghys tarihta «Tórtinshi orta-shyghys soghysy» dep ataldy. 1980 jyly Izraili resmy týrde shyghys IYerusalimdi qosyp aldy. 1981 jyly taghy da arnayy zang qabyldap, Golan ýstirtining qalghan 700 sharshy shaqyrym aumaghyn da jútyp qoydy. Biraq, Izrailiding territoriya talaby múnymen ayaqtalmaghangha úqsaydy. Olar taghy Iordaniya ózenining batys jaghalauy men Gaz aimaghyn tolyghymen ózine qosyp aludyng qamynda jýr. Býgingi kýnde Izraili AQSh-tyng qysymymen Sinay týbegin jәne Palestinanyng 2 000 sharshy shaqyrym aumaghyn qaytaryp beruden tys, qalghan aumaqtargha tolyghymen iyelik etip otyr.

Álemdik qauymdastyq Izraili men arab elderining kýnderding kýninde qalyptasqan shyndyqty qabyldap, beybit bitimge kelip, qyrghiqabaq kýnderding ayaqtaluyn asygha kýtedi. Búl kýn orta-shyghysqa beybitshilik syilaytyn kýn bolyp tariyhqa eneri dausyz.

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