«Últ taghdyry»: Onomastika turaly zang jobasy
Ýkimet últqa qatysy bar, sheshilui kezek kýttirmeytin mәselelerding barlyghyn «úzyn arqan, keng túsaumen» sheshuge tyrysady. Sondyqtan boluy kerek, kýni ótken «Tilder turaly» zandy jamap jasqaugha kiriskeni... Endi Onomastika turly zandy da «syrlap» «boyaudy» qolgha alypty. Aldarynyzdaghy mәtin (ókinshke oray, mening qolymda osy núsqasy ghana saqtalypty. Biraq búl songhy núsqasy emes) «Últ taghdyry» qozghalysynyng osydan tórt jyl búryn dayyndaghan, birneshe talqylaulardan ótken zang jobsy . Mýmkin, búl jobanyng keybir baptary zangha ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizetin topqa oy salar degen niyetpen úsynyp otyrmyz.
Dos Kóshim
«Últ taghdyry» qozghalysynyng jobasy
Qazaqstan Respublikasyndaghy Onomastika turaly zan
I - bólim. JALPY EREJELER
1. Kirispe
Ýkimet últqa qatysy bar, sheshilui kezek kýttirmeytin mәselelerding barlyghyn «úzyn arqan, keng túsaumen» sheshuge tyrysady. Sondyqtan boluy kerek, kýni ótken «Tilder turaly» zandy jamap jasqaugha kiriskeni... Endi Onomastika turly zandy da «syrlap» «boyaudy» qolgha alypty. Aldarynyzdaghy mәtin (ókinshke oray, mening qolymda osy núsqasy ghana saqtalypty. Biraq búl songhy núsqasy emes) «Últ taghdyry» qozghalysynyng osydan tórt jyl búryn dayyndaghan, birneshe talqylaulardan ótken zang jobsy . Mýmkin, búl jobanyng keybir baptary zangha ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizetin topqa oy salar degen niyetpen úsynyp otyrmyz.
Dos Kóshim
«Últ taghdyry» qozghalysynyng jobasy
Qazaqstan Respublikasyndaghy Onomastika turaly zan
I - bólim. JALPY EREJELER
1. Kirispe
Qazaqstan Respublikasyndaghy onomastika zany memleket aumaghynda jer, su, tau, qala, eldi meken, әkimshilik - aumaqtyq, últy qazaq azamattarynyn ata - tegin jәne jalqy esimin, zandy túlghalardyn memlekettik tirkeuden ótkizude attaryn jәne kórnekti aqparattar men jarnamalyq mәtinderdi resimdeudi, basqa da onomastika salalaryna jatatyn ataulardy retteuge baghyttalady. Onomastika turaly zan qabyldaudyn basty maqsaty qazaq memleketinin kelesheginin myzghymas boluy men tәelsizdiginin mәngiliginin kepili - últtyq sanany qalyptastyratyn ortany jasau. Tarihi әdildikti ornyna keltirip, úrpaqtyn jadyn otarlyq kezennen qalghan qúldyq sayasattyn yqpalynan arylyp, qazaq elinin mýddesin, abroyin jәne qúqyn qorghaytyn naghyz patriottyq dengeyde tәrbiyeleu ýshin qajet. Onomastika zany memlekettik tilding mәrtebesi men mindetin iske asyru jolynda elimizde túryp jatqan barlyq etnostardyng bir baghytqa týsiuine әkeletin ortany qalyptastyratyn manyzdy qújat.
1 - bap. Qazaqstan Respublikasyndaghy onomastika turaly zanyna (búdan ary qaray - Zan) paydalanatyn negizgi úghymdar.
Osy zanda paydalanatyn úghymdardyn maghanasy :
onomastika - jalqy esimderdi, olardyn qalyptasu jәne týrlenu tarihyn zerdeleydi ;
toponomika - geografikalyq obiektilerdin ataularyn, olardyn tuyndau, ózgeru, júmys isteu zandylyqtaryn zerdeleydi ;
antroponimika - adamdardyng ( jalqy ) esimderin zerdeleydi ;
oniym - jalqy esim ;
toponiym - onimnin týri, geografiyalyq ataular ;
gidroniym - toponimnin týri, su obiektilerinin ataulary ;
oroniym - toponimnin týri, taudyn, kyrattyn, shoqynyn ataulary;
endoniym - jergilikti halyqtardyn jerge bergen ataulary;
ekzoniym - syrttan kelgen ataular;
oikoniym - toponimnin týri, el - mekenderding ( auyl, kent, qala ) ataulary;
urbanoniym - qala ishindegi shaghyn audandar, túrghyn ýi keshenderi taghy basqa obiektiler ataulary;
koroniym - toponimnin týri, әkimshilik - aumaqtyq birlikterdin ataulary ;
hrematonimiyka - mәdeni múralardyn jalqy ataulary;
zoonim - onimnin týri , januarlar men hayuanattar ataulary ;
fitoniym - onimnin týri , ósimdikterdin ataulary ;
kosmoniym - onimnin týri , galaktika men gharysh denelerining , júldyzdar men
júldyz shoghyrlarynyn ataulary ;
etnoniym - onimnin týri , halyqtyng , últtyn ataulary
aimaq - Respublikanyn birneshe eldi mekenderi engiziletin, onyn mýddesi ýshin qúrylatyn jәne basqarylatyn Respublika aumaghynyn bir bóligi;
eldi meken - Respublika aumaghynyn halyq jinaqy ornalasqan, keminde 2 - 3 myng adamy bar, azamattardyn sharuashylyq jәne basqa qoghamdyq qyzmeti nәtiyjesinde qalyptasqan, zanda belgilengen tәrtipte esepke alynghan jәne tirkelgen, jergilikti ókildi jәne atqarushy organdar basqaratyn bir bóligi.
1.2-bap. Osy zang Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Konstitusiyasyna negizdeledi jәne basqa da memlekettik konstitusiyalyq zandargha sýienedi.
1.3.-bap. Osy zan Qazaqstan Raspublikasy aumaghyndaghy jer, su, tau, qala eldi meken, kóshe, alan ataularyn jәne basqa da onomastika salasyna baylanysty mәselelerdi retteydi.
2 - bólim. Onomastikalyq ataulardy qalyptastyru jәne soghan baylanysty qoyylatyn talaptar.
2.1. - bap. Jer , su , tau , qala men eldi meken jәne geografiyalyq attardy retteudin basty mindeti otarsyzdandyru sharalarymen tyghyz baylanystyra otyryp, osy ataulardy ótken totalitarlyq sayasattyn yqpalynan aryltu jәne jergilikti halyqtyn tarihymen naqty baylanysy bar ataulardy qaytaru.
2.2. - bap. Últtyq manyzy bar mәdeni eskertkishter men tarihi oryndardyn ataularyn qalpyna keltiru maqsatynda qala men eldi meken, kóshe jәne geografikalyq attardy auystyru memlekettin derbestigin nyghaytu bolyp sanalady.
2.3. - bap. Janadan payda bolghan qala, eldi meken jәne kóshe , alandargha ataular bergende últtyq ereksheliktin saqtaluy jәne halqymyzdyn tarihymen úrpaqtyn ruhani shyndaluy, otan sýigishtikke tәrbiyelenui eskeriledi. Ataulardyn qazaq halqynyn namysyna jәne әdet, ghúrpyna zyyan әkelmeui qatan saqtalady.
2.3. - bap. Qalalar men eldi mekenderge adamdardyn aty berilmeydi. Kóshelerge, alandargha , demalys keshenderine jәne kәsip oryndaryna tarihi túlghalardyn, elge erekshe enbek sinirgen ghalymdardyn, mәdeniyet, әdebiyet pen óner jәne memleket , qogham qayratkerlerinin attary beriledi. Sonymen qatar bir adamnyn aty respublika boyynsha әr oblysta ýshten aspauy qajet jәne esimderin bergen kezde olardyn dýniyeden qaytqanyna bes jyl ótui tiyis. Tiri adamdardyn esimderine atau berilmeydi.
2.5. - bap. Qazaqstan respublikasy aumaghyndaghy diasporalar shoghyrlana ornalasqan jerlerde qazaq eline enbegi sinbegen jәne tarihyna qatysy joq, sol diasporalardyn tarihi túlghalarynyn attaryn eldi mekenge, kóshelerge, kәsiporyndargha jәne mәdeniy-sporttyq keshenderge beruge tyiym salynady.
2.6. - bap. Tarihi әdilettikti qalpyna keltiru maqsatynda qala, eldi meken, kóshe jәne alandardyn ataularyn ózgertiluin iske asyru kezinde, búrynghy ataular iyelerinin qazaq elining tarihyna, ghylymyna , mәdeniyetine, ekonomikalyq damuyna qosqan ýlesterin anyqtau qajet. Qazaq eline naqtyly enbegi sinbegen adamdardyn atyna berilgen ataulardyn ózgertilui, osy zangha sәikes ike asyrylady.
2.7.- bap. Qalalarda jәne eldi mekenderde eskertkish, memorialdyq taqtalardy ornatu jәne kóshe attaryn beru jergilikti onomastikalyq komissiyanyn úsynuy boyynsha, tek Qazaq Respublikasy ókiletti organdarynyn kelisimimen jergilikti әkimshiliktin sheshimi arqyly jýzege asyrylady.
2.8. - bap. Qalalar men eldi mekenderde jýrgizilgen qúrylystar boyynsha kóshe búzylsa, onda búzylghan kóshenin aty әkimshiliktin sheshiminsiz avtomatty týrde alynyp tastalady. Kóshe atary ózgertilgen jaghdayda azamattardyn menshikti jyljymaytyn mulik jәne ózge de qújattary auystyrylmaydy, tek tiyisti memlekettik organdar ózgeris engizip, rastaydy.
29. - bap. Qala ishindegi shaghyn audandar, túrghyn ýi keshenderi, demalys jәne sport oryndary, oiynsauyq , sauda jәne túrmystyq qyzmet kórsetetin ortalyqtar jәne basqada obiektilerdin ataulary elimizdin tarihyna , últtyq ruhani tәrbiye men otanyn sýiyge jәne halyqtar dostyghyn nyghaytugha baghyttaluy tiyis.
2.10. - bap. Qalalar men eldi mekenderdin kóshelerine әlemdik órkeniyetke zor ýles qosqan, últtyq ruhani damugha ýlgi bolatyn, belgili shet eldikterdin atyn beru jergilikti túrghyndardyn kelisimi boyynsha iske asyrylady. Qazaq elining tarihy men mәdeniyetine qatysy joq últtyq sanany qalyptastyrugha payda әkelmeytin shet eldik túlghalargha arnalghan ataulargha jol berilmeydi.
2.11. - bap. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyn aumaghyndaghy tabighy - geografiyalyq, toponomikalyq , ónerkәsiptik jәne basqada obiektiler men mekemeler ataularyn ózgertu jәne qayta jóndeu osy zangha sәikes iske asyrylady.
2.12. - bap. Respublikadaghy barlyq kәsiporyndar, menshiktik nyshanyna qaramay, ózderi óndiretin ónimderinin tauarlyq belgilerimen ataularyn qazaq tilinde beredi. Osy ataular elimizde qalyptasqan ghúryp, últtyq sana men namysqa núqsan әkelmui tiyis.
2.13. - bap.Respublika aumaghyndaghy shygharylatyn barlyq ónimderinin bezendirilui men anotasiyalary tek qazaq tilinde beriledi.
2.13. - bap.Respublikadaghy kәsiporyn sheteldik ózindik әlemge әigili () óniim shygharatyn bolsa, arnayy memlekettik reestr boyynsha tauardyn aty men bezendirilui saqtalynady.Osynday jaghdaylardy retteu ýshin ýkimet memlekettik reestr bekitedi.
2.13. - bap. Qandayda bir toptardyng biylikke óz yqpalyn paydalanyp, әkimshilik - aumaqtyq jәne aumaqtyq - óndiristik birlikterding , sonymen qatar kóshelerdin, alandardyn ataularyn jәne mekemelerdin ataularyn iydeologiyalandyrugha tyiym salynady.
3. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyn qazaq azamattarynyn tegin, әkesinin atyn jәne esimderin retteu.
3.1. - bap. Qazaq azamattarynyn óz erikterimen ata - teginin jazyluyn, últtyq tarihy dәstýr negizinde , qazaq tilinin fonomorfologiyalyq normalaryna sәikes, tilge tәn emes affiksti alyp tastap, «úly» jәne «qyzy» sózderin qosyp nemese әkesinin atynyn týbirlik negizin saqtau arqyly ózgertuge qúqyly.
3.2. - bap. Qazaq azamattarynyn ata - tegi ózgergen jaghdayda, búrynghy jeke basyn anyqtaytyn kuәlik negizinde berilgen barlyq qújattardy aiyrbastau mindettelmeydi, osy qújattargha tek ata -tegi ózgertilgeni turaly Ádilet ministirliginin jergilikti ókilinin rastaytyn belgisi qoyylady. Sonymen qatar, egerde ata - tegin auystyrghan azamat shetelderge qonys audarghan jaghdayda oqu oryndaryn bitirgeni jәne ghylymi ataq alyu turaly qújattaryn (alynghan merzimine qaramay) auystyryp alugha qúqyly.
3.3.- bap. Elimizdin aumaghyndaghy jetim balalar ýilerinde (pansionat, internattarda) tәrbiyelenetin balalardyn ata-tegi (egerde olardyn shyqqan tegin bekitip rastaytyn qújaty bolmaghanda), Qazaqstan memleketinin tәrbiyesinde boluyna baylanysty tek qazaq últtyq tarihi dәstýr negizine tәn jazylugha tiyisti.
4. Qala, eldi mekender men kóshe ataularyn, kórinekti aqparattar jәne jarnama mәtinderin jazu, resimdeu jәne birizdendirudi retteu.
4.1. - bap. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyn aumaghyndaghy barlyq qalalar men eldi mekenderdin ataulary tek memlekettik - qazaq tilinde jazylady. Basqa tildege audaryp jazugha tyiym salynady. Halyqaralyq qarym - qatynastar men turizmdi damytugha baylanysty keybir jaghdayda qazaqsha transkripsiyasy aghylshyn tilinde latyn әlipbiyinde berilui mýmkin.
4.2. - bap. Qalalar men eldi mekenderde kósheler, alandar, demalys, sport oryndarynyng , sauda jәne halyqqa qyzmet kórsetetin ortalyqtarynyn ataulary tek qazaq tilinde beriledi, osy ataulardyn basqa tilde audaryp jazyluyna jol berilmeydi. Tek demalys , sport oryndary men sauda jәne halyqqa qyzmet kórsetetin kәsiporyn men mekemelerdin júmystarynyn jarnamasy qajet bolghan jaghdayda, qosymsha basqa tilde jazyluy mýmkin.
4.3. - bap. Kórinekti aqparattar men jarnama mәtinderin jazghanda qazaq tilinin gramatikalyq zandylyghy saqtaluyna qatan talap qoyylady. Olardy bezendirude estetikalyq , ruhani tәrbiyege, últtyq erekshelikterge zyyan keltimeui negizgi sharty boluy tiyis. Kórinekti aqparattar men jarnamalardyn mazmúnynda zorlyqty madaqtau, parnografiya jәne últtyq namysqa , últaralyq qatynastargha, jastar tәrbiyesine jәne tarihy shyndyqqa núqsan keltiretin tura nemese janama úghymdardy nasihattaugha tyiym salynady.
4,5. - bap. Kórinekti aqparattar men jarnamalardyn bezendiruilui joghary kórkemdigi men tәrbiyelik maghynasynyn talapqa say boluy qatan qadaghalanady.
4,6. - bap. Kórinekti aqparattar, jarnamalar jәne otandyq kәsiporyndardyn ataulary mindetti týrde qazaq әlipbiyinde jazylady. Keybir shet eldik әlemge tanymal (imidj nyshanyndaghy brendter) firma men tútynu tauarlarynyn ataularynyng jazyluynyn shet tildegi núsqasy saqtalady jәne memlekettik tilde beriletin mәtinnen bólektep, kishireytilgen týrde beriledi. Jәnede osy shet tilindegi ataulardyn jazyluy qazaq әlipbiyinin kórkemdik dengeyine núqsan keltirmeui tiyisti.
4,7. -bap. Kórinekti aqparattar men jarnamalardy bezendirude memlekettik rәmizderdi orynsyz paydalanugha tyiym salynady. Memlekettik rәmizdi paydalanu arnayy zandyq kýshi bar aktymen bekitiledi.
5. Zannyn oryndaluy jәne qorghaluy
5.1. - bap. Zannyn oryndaluyn respublika aumaghynda barlyq memlekettik organdar qamtamasyz etedi.
5.2. - bap. Zannyn oryndalu birjýieliligin qamtamasyz etu ýshin memlekettik onomastikalyq komissiya qúrylady (ary qaray komissiya dep atalady) . Komissiya :
- onomastika mәselelerinin(toponomika, astronomika, antronomika, kosmonomika, etnonimika, ergonomika, oikonimika, zoonimika jәne t. b.) sheshiluin, zandastyryluyn jәne bir jýiege keltiriluin memlekettik til sayasatynyn damuy men tarihiy, mәdeni múralardyn ataularynyn qaytaryluymen baylanystyrudy qamtamasyz etetin úsynystardy dayyndaydy.
- onomastika salasynda payda bolatyn jana ataulardy zangha sәikestendire úsynu, geografikalyq jәne tarihy - mәdeniy pәn dengeyinde damuyna yqpal jasau
- ministrlik pen vedomstvolargha anyqtamalar, sózdikter jәne atlas pen karta jasaghanda onomastika mәselesine baylanysty әdistemelik kómek kórsetedi
5.3. - bap. Ataulardy bekitu onomastikalyq komissiyanyn úsynysy boyynsha jergilikti ózin ózi basqaru organdary men әkimshilik sheshimderimen osy zan shenberinde iske asady.
5.4. - bap. Oblystyq, qalalyq jәne audandyq әkimshilik ataulardyn jazyluyna, jarnamalardyn mәtininin osy zangha sәikes boluyn qadaghalap, egerde zan búzushylyq bolghan jaghdayda kinәlilerdi azamattyq jauapqa tartyp, aiyp púl salugha qúqyly.
5.5.- bap. Respublikanyn barlyq aumaqtaryndaghy , menshiktik nyshanyna qaramay , kәsiporyndardyn, mekemelerdin jәne shet eldik zandy túlghalardyn basshylary ataular men jarnamalargha jәne ódiristik ónimderin bezendendiruge baylanysty zan búzushylyqty jibergenderi ýshin jauapqa tartylyp, onnan eluge deyin ailyq orta esepteu kórsetkish kóleminde aiyp tóleuge tiyisti.
5.6. - bap. Mekemeler men kәsiporyndardyn ataularynda, jarnamalarda memlekettik tilde jazylghan mәtindegi qateler ýshin osy mekeme, kәsipory basshylary besten on bes ailyq orta esepteu kórsetkish kóleminde aiyp tóleydi.
5.7. - bap. Onomastikagha baylanysty tuyndaytyn mәselelerdi sheshu jәne zandy túlghalar men jeke azamattardyn osy zannyn shenberinde júmys isteuin baqylau jergilikti biylikke mindetteledi.
6. Zannyn Qazaqstan Respublikasynyn basqa da zandarymen sәikestendirilui.
6.1. - bap. Zanynyn qoldanysqa engiziluine baylanysty, osy zangha qatysy bar zandar men zan oryndaluyna qatysy bar aktilerdi bir jýiege keltiru Ýkimetke mindetteledi.
7. Zannyn óz kýshine enui.
7.1.- bap. Zan óz kýshine, resmi jariyalaghan kýnnen bastap enedi.
Dayyndaghandar:
Bolat Dýisembi Dos Kóshim
Beybit Qoyshybaev
Qasen Qoja Ahmet
Ótegen IYqsanov
«Últ taghdary» qozghalysy
Almaty qalasy, 2008 jyl