QR Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligining nazaryna!

Talas OMARBEKOV,
Ál-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU-dyng tariyh,
arheologiya jәne etnologiya fakulitetining professory,
Arman JÚMADIL, dosent.

Qoghamdyq ómirde, elding ishki-syrtqy sayasatynda iydeologiyalyq ústanymdardy anyqtauda jәne jastargha patriottyq tәrbie berude Otan tariy­hynyng qanshalyqty manyzdy ekendigi eshqashan da dau tudyrmasy anyq. Búl absolutti aksioma.

QR Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligining nazaryna!

Talas OMARBEKOV,
Ál-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU-dyng tariyh,
arheologiya jәne etnologiya fakulitetining professory,
Arman JÚMADIL, dosent.

Qoghamdyq ómirde, elding ishki-syrtqy sayasatynda iydeologiyalyq ústanymdardy anyqtauda jәne jastargha patriottyq tәrbie berude Otan tariy­hynyng qanshalyqty manyzdy ekendigi eshqashan da dau tudyrmasy anyq. Búl absolutti aksioma.

Tәuelsizdik alghannan bergi 20 jyl ishinde qazaqstandyq tarih ghylymy ýlken jetistikterge jetip otyr. Kenes dәuirinde Qazaqstan tarihyna qatysty qasaqana búrmalanghan tarihy faktiler qayta saraptalyp, әdil baghasyn alyp jatyr. Songhy on jyldan beri ghylymy túrghydan qazaq halqynyng etnikalyq tarihy jazylyp,dýniye­jýzilik tarihta Dala órkeniyetining adamzat qúndylyqtarynyng qazynasyna qosqan ýlesi aiqyndala bastady. Mysaly, әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU-da tariyhqa qatysty ghylymiy-zertteu nә­tiyjeleri, alynghan janalyqtar birden oqu ýde­risine engizilip, jana elektivti kurs retinde oprobasiyadan ótedi. Tarih jәne etnologiya ins­titutynyng úiymdastyruymen kóp úzamay Qazaqstan tarihynyng 20 kitaptan túratyn jana ýlgisin jazyp shygharu josparlanyp otyr. Joghary oqu oryndarynda da zertteushilik baghyt ýstemdik alyp, әr taqyrypta ghylymy jobalar iske asyryla bastady. Sonymen qatar, sheteldik әriptester­men, ghylymy úiymdarmen tyghyz qarym-qatynas ornatylyp, ghalymdarymyz dýniyejýzilik dengeyge shyghyp, qazaq tarihyn basqalargha moyyndatuda.

Alayda, 20 jyl boyy әli sheshimin tappay, qor­dalanghan mәseleler de az emes. Sonyng biri jo­ghary oqu oryndarynda Qazaqstan tarihyn oqy­tugha baylanysty tuyndap otyr. Ár jyldary jo­­­ghary oqu oryndarynda «Qazaqstan tarihyn oqytu qajet pe, joq pa?» degen saualdar kó­te­ril­ge­ni de ras. Qa­zaqstan tarihyn orta mektep qa­byrghasynda oqytsa da jetpey me?» degender de bol­dy. «Qazaqstan tarihyn tek tәuelsizdik jyl­darynan bastap oqytu qajet» degen pikirler de ai­tyldy. Múndayda:«Ghalymdar men sayasattanu­shylardyng baghasyn almaghan, sarapqa týspegen qoghamdyq ýderister qalay oqytylmaq?» degen saual tuyndaydy.

Endi jaqynda «Qazaqstan tarihynan qabyl­da­natyn memlekettik emtihandy joghary kurstargha auystyru qajet» degen negizsiz úsynystar aityla bastady («Ayqyn», 29-qyrkýiek, 2012 j.). Kórip otyrghanymyzday, Qazaqstan tarihyn oqytu mәselesining ainalasynda bitpeytin dau-damay, qarbalas bar.

Otan tarihynyng mәselelerin Elbasy eshqashan óz nazarynan tys qaldyrghan joq. Núrsúltan Ábishúly Nazarbaev ózi múryndyq bolghan «Mәdeny múra» memlekettik baghdarlamasynyng tarih ghy­lymynyng damuyna, ruhany dýniyemizdi qayta qal­pyna keltiruge tiygizgen әseri tipti zor. Elba­sy­myzdyng tarihshy ghalymdargha janashyrlyqpen aitqan tilekteri bәrimizding jadymyzda. Biylghy 10-shildede Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Pre­ziydenti N.Á.Nazarbaev ózining «Qazaqstan­nyng әleumettik janghyrtyluy: Jalpygha Or­taq Enbek Qoghamyna qaray jiyrma qa­dam» atty 13-tapsyrmasynda Qazaqstan tarihy pәnine qa­tysty oqu baghdarlamalaryna,oqulyqtar men oqu qúraldaryna saraptama jasaudy, oqu oryndarynda Qazaqstan tarihyn oqytudyng maz­múny men sipatyn ózgertuge baghyttalghan is-sharalar ót­kizudi múqiyattaghan bolatyn.

Búl da Elbasynyng Otandyq tarih mәselelerine jasaghan qamqorlyghy. Óitkeni, bizding qoghamda joghary minberden berilgen tapsyrma mindetti týr­de oryndaluy tiyis. Qazaqstan tarihyn oqy­tu­dyng biraz mәselesi endi sheshimin tabuy mýmkin.

Elbasynyng baghdarlamalyq maqalasyna oray 2012 jyldyn25-qazanynda Almatydaghy әl-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq Últtyq uniyversiytetining tariyh, arheologiya jәne etnologiya fakulitetinde «N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng «Qazaqstannyng әleumettik janghyrtyluy:Jalpygha Ortaq Enbek Qoghamyna qaray jiyrma qadam» atty baghdarlamalyq ma­qalasynan tuyndaytyn Qazaqstan tarihyn jo­ghary oqu oryndarynda oqytu mәselelerin sheshuge arnalghan«Dóngelek ýstel» ótti. Pikir almasugha Almaty qalasy joghary oqu oryndarynyng oqytu­shy-professorlyq qúramymen birge, ghylymy úiym­dardan belgili tarihshylar men ghalymdar qatysyp, býgingi tanda Qazaqstan tarihyn oqytu ainalasynda tuyndap otyrghan mәselelerge baylanysty oy bólisip, qorytyndy shygharudy maqsat etti. Pikir alysu ýsh mәselening tónireginde órbidi: 1) Qazaqstan tarihy oqulyqtaryna baylanysty; 2) Joghary oqu oryndarynda Qazaqstan tarihynyng oqu baghdar­lamasy men kreditter sany jóninde; 3) Qazaqstan tarihynan qabyldanatyn mem­lekettik emtihandy 3-kursqa auystyru turaly úsynys jayly.

Pikir almasu barysynda әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU-dyng tariyh, arheologiya jәne etnologiya fakuliteti Qazaqstan tarihy kafedrasynyng mengerushisi Talas Omarbekov Elbasynyng oqu qúraldaryna saraptama jasau tapsyrmasyna sәikes, kafedra ghalymdarynyng joghary oqu oryndaryna arnalghan Qazaqstan tarihynan 12 avtordyng oqulyqtaryna jasalghan saraptama qorytyndylarymen tanystyrdy.

«Dóngelek ýstelge» qatysushylar Qazaqstan tarihy oqulyqtaryn synau tym shekten shyghyp ketkenin aityp, oqulyqtardyng sapasy turaly sóz qozghady. Sonymen qatar, memlekettik sanany, ruhty, últtyq elitany qalyptastyruda Otan ta­rihynyng roli turaly basa aityldy. Songhy kezde Qazaqstan tarihyn sheteldik mamandargha jazghyzu turaly aitylyp jýrgen pikirge barlyq ghalymdar men professorlar óz narazylyqtaryn bildirdi. Qazaqy mentaliytetpen úyattyq dýniye­tanym boyyna sinirilmegeni óz aldyna,tipti qazaq tilin bil­meytin adamgha qazaq tarihyn jazghyzudyng qan­shalyqty qajeti bar?

Al Qazaqstan tarihynyng oqytu formatyn óz­gertu ýshin joghary oqu oryndarynda tarih ta­nymdyq pәn emes, tarih - dýniyetanymdyq pәnge ainaluy kerek degen oy aityldy. Sonymen birge, qazaqstandyq oqu oryndary Bolon ýderisine kirgendikten oqytushylardyng jýktemesi de sóz boldy. Mysaly, Bolon ýderisine kirgen sheteldik JOO-nyng professorlary aptasyna 3-4 saghat qana jýkteme oryndaydy. Sondyqtan da olardyng ghy­lymmen de, oqu ýderisimen de ainalysugha mým­kindikteri kóp. Al oqulyq jazam dese, onda ol oqu ornymen nemese ministrlikpen shartqa otyryp, negizgi ailyghy saqtalyp, bir-eki jyl alansyz ja­zatyn kórinedi. Maqala jazugha da bir-eki apta múrsha beredi.

«Dóngelek ýstelge» qatysqandar Elbasy tapsyrmalaryna say Qazaqstan tarihy pәnine qa­tysty oqu baghdarlamalaryn da ózgertu qajet degen pikir bildirdi.

Eng aldymen mektep oqu baghdarlamasy men joghary oqu ornynyng baghdarlamasy birin biri qay­talamauy kerek. «Dóngelek ýstelge» qatysushy­lardyng oiy boyynsha mektepte Qazaqstan tarihyn úghymgha jenildeu, metodologiyalyq túrghydan shatasty­rylmaghan ejelgi jәne orta ghasyrlardaghy tarihy 5-7 synyptardan bastap oqytylghany jón. Al 8-synyptan bastap tarihymyzda jaqsy zerttelgen, jәne sayasatpen tyghyz baylanysty, úghymgha auyrlau patshalyq ýkimetting Qazaqstandy otarlau tarihy, qazaq elitasynyng tәuelsizdik ýshin kýresi, totalitarlyq jýie túsyndaghy Qazaqstannyng je­tistikteri men qasireti, qayshylyqty damuy jәne tәuelsizdik alghan kezenning әleumettik-ekono­miy­kalyq,halyqaralyq jәne sayasy problemalardy qamtityn kóp qyrly tarihy 8-synyptan bastalyp jogharghy synyptarda oqylghany jón. Al joghary oqu oryndarynda Qazaqstan tarihy әrtýrli kózqarastarda, konsepsiyalarda, metodologiyalyq ústanymdarda terendete taldanatyndyqtan búl mәseleler әldeqayda auqymdy oqytylady. Múnda qogham damuynyng prinsipteri men tarihy zandylyqtary, kóptegen derekter men resmy qújattar tarihy salystyrmaly týrde qarastyru­dy qajet etedi.Osy erekshelikterdi oqu ýderisinde ghana emes oqulyq jazuda da eskergen jón.

Tarihymyzda otarlau psihologiyasyna baylanysty qayshylyqty da qasiretti kezender kóptep kezdesedi.Sonymen qatar, osynday zamandarda elimizding qol jetken jetistikteri de barshylyq.Tarihy shyndyqty búrmalaugha jol bermeymiz desek, orta mektep oqulyqtarynda jetistikter men qasiretterdi jan-jaqty jәne qatar, kýngeyi men kólenkeli tústaryn salystyrmaly týrde bayandauymyz kerek degen kózqaras «dóngelek ýstelde» әngime boldy. Eng bastysy,pikir almasugha qa­tysushylardyng bәri de Qazaqstan tarihyna bó­lingen jýktemening 45 saghatqa deyin qysqarghanyna ókinish bildirdi.

Sonymen birge, әngime Qazaqstan tarihynan tapsyratyn memlekettik emtihandy 3-kursqa auystyru qanshalyqty qajet degen saual tóni­reginde de órbidi. Ángimege qatysushylardyng bәri Qazaqstan tarihynan memlekettik emtihandy3-kursqa shegeruding esh qajeti joq dep sheshti. Óit­keni, birinshiden, eki jyl ishinde studentter oqy­ghanyn úmytyp qalady; ekinshiden, 3-kursta barlyq studentter óz mamandyqtary boyynsha mamandanu pәnderin ótedi, olardyng kónilin mamandanu pәnderinen basqagha bóluding qajeti joq; ýshinshiden, emtihandy 3-kursqa kóshiru eki jyl boyy sol Qa­zaqstan tarihynan memlekettik emtihan qabyl­daugha bólinetin kreditter sanyn joghaltugha, al ol óz kezeginde qanshama oqytushy-professordy qys­qarugha әkelip soqtyrady.

«Dóngelek ýstel» qorytyndysy boyynsha JOO-da Qazaqstan tarihyn oqytudyng ozyq tәsilderi men Qazaqstan tarihy boyynsha jazylyp jatqan oqulyqtardyng sapasyn jetildiruge jәne joghary bilim men ghylymdy damytugha baghyttalghan úsy­nystar qabyldanyp, tómendegidey qory­tyn­dy­lardyng jobasy jasaldy:

«Qazaq әdebiyeti» gazeti

Joba

Elbasymyz N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng «Qazaqstannyng әleumettik janghyrtyluy: Jalpygha Ortaq Enbek Qoghamyna qaray jiyrma qadam» atty baghdarlama-maqalasynan tuyndaytyn Otan tarihyn oqytugha baylanysty mindetterdi talqylaugha arnalghan tarihshylardyng 2012 jyldyng 25-qazanynda әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU-de ótkizilgen «dóngelek ýstel» mәjilisining QORYTYNDYLARY

Qoghamda, sonyng kórinisi retinde joghary bilim baghdarlamasynda Otan tarihyna erekshe kónil bólinui, búl tarihy qajettilikten tughan jaghday. Óitkeni, bizding memlekettigimiz qalyptasu kezenin bastan keshirude, sol siyaqty memleketshildik sanamyz da endi ghana órken jai jolynda túr. Osynday jaghdayda belsendi, azamattyq ústanymy aiqyn mamandardy dayarlau isi joghary bilim jýiesinde Otan tarihy pәnin sapaly dengeyde oqytugha kóp tәueldi. Býgingi tanda Otan tarihy tek ghylym ghana emes, sonymen birge, ol mәdeniyetimizdin, últtyq sana-sezimimizding asa manyzdy komponenti. Últtyng kýrdeli zaman súranystaryna layyqty jauap qatuy onyng biyik intellektualdyq, kәsiby jәne sol dәrejedegi últtyq sana-sezimine tikeley baylanysty.
Osynday manyzdy mәselelerdi eskere otyryp, 2012 jyldyng 25-qazanynda әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU-dyn, tariyh, arheologiya jәne etnologiya fakulitetinde Respublikanyng jetekshi uniyversiytetterining tarihshy mamandarynyng bas qosqan «Dóngelek ýstel» mәjilisi boldy. Mәjilisti ashqan әl-Faraby atyn­daghy QazÚU-dyn, tariyh, arheologiya jәne etnologiya fakulitetining dekany, professor J.Q. Taymaghambetov búl sharanyng uniyversiytette rektor Gh.M.Mútanovtyng tapsyrmasymen ótkizilip jatqanyn atap kórsetti. «Dóngelek ýstelde» әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU-dyng professorlar U.H. Shalekenov, Q.T. Júmaghúlov, Q.M. Atabaev; Abay atyndaghy QazÚPU-dan professorlar: M.Q. Qoygeldiyev, T.Núrpeyisov, Á.Qúdaybergenov, B. Shómenov, G.Dýisebaeva; Almaty energetika institutynan professor B. Berlibaev; Túrar Rysqúlov atyndaghy Qazaq ekonomikalyq uniyversiytetinen professor G.V. Kan; Á.H.Marghúlan atyndaghy Tarih ins­titutynan professorlar: H.M. Ábjanov, H.S. Aldajúmanov; Halyqaralyq Biznes uniyversiytetinen professor M.J. Ábdirov; Astanadaghy Memleket tarihy institutynan professor Z. Dýkenbaeva jәne t.b. qatysyp, «Qazaqstan tarihy» pәnin JOO-da oqytu mәselelerine baylanysty oi-pikirlerin bólisti. «Dóngelek ýsteldi» әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU-dy, Qazaqstan tarihy kafedrasynyng mengerushisi, professor T.Omarbekov jýrgizip otyrdy.
Elbasymyz N.Á. Nazarbaevtyng «Qazaqstannyng әleumettik janghyrtyluy: Jalpygha Ortaq Enbek Qoghamyna qaray jiyrma qadam» atty baghdarlama-maqalasyn talqylay kele joghary oqu oryndarynyng oqytushylary jәne ghylymy mekemelerding ghalymdary tómendegidey tújyrymdargha toqtaldy:
1) Joghary oqu oryndaryndaghy býgingi kredittik tehnologiya negizindegi oqytu jýiesining jana talaptaryna sәikes tariyh, arheologiya jәne etnologiya, muzey isi mamandaryn bakalavriat satysynda dayyndaugha arnalghan Qazaqstan tarihynan arnayy oqulyqtar men oqu qúraldaryn memlekettik jәne aghylshyn tilderinde dayyndau qolgha alynuy qajet.
2) JOO bólimderining tarihtan basqa mamandyqtarynda da Qazaqstan tarihyn memlekettik tilde oqytu qolgha alynyp, oqytu ýderisine engizilse, memlekettik tildi bolashaq mamandardyng jetik mengerip shyghatyny dausyz. Otan tarihy ol barlyq elderde sol elding tilinde jýretin pәn. Memlekettik til de búl pәnning tabighatyna, onyng maqsaty men mindetine sәikes keledi.
3) Uniyversiytetterdegi әrtýrli mamandyqtarda Qazaqstan tarihyn oqytugha baylanysty oqu-әdistemelik keshen uaqyt talabyna say ýzdiksiz jetildirilui qajet. Búl jauapty júmys tarihshylar dayyndalatyn uniyversiytetterdegi Qazaqstan tarihy kafedralaryna tapsyryluy kerek.
4) Elimizde joghary bilim beru jýiesi ýshin memlekettik tilde oqulyqtar dayarlau isi dúrys sheshimin tappay keledi. Múnday jaghday Qazaqstan tarihy oqulyghyna da tәn. Yaghny qazirgi uaqytta Qazaqstan tarihy jәne sol siyaqty basqa da irgeli pәnderden BjGhM tarapynan belgilengen arnayy granttar arqyly oqulyqtar dayarlaugha kóshu qajettilikke ainalyp otyr.
5) Oqulyqtar jazatyn layyqty avtorlar qúramyn irikteu isine BjGhM «Qazaqstan tarihshylary qauymdastyghy» (M. Qoygeldiyev), «Qazaqstan tarihshylar ligasy» (B. Ayaghan), «Qazaqstan tarihshylarynyng últtyq kongresi» (E.Sydyqov) tәrizdi qoghamdyq úiymdardy jәne BjGhM qarauyndaghy ghylymiy-zertteu instituttaryn, jetekshi uniyversiytetterdegi Qazaqstan tarihy kafedralaryn qatystyrugha basa mәn bergeni jón bolar edi.
6) Jekelegen uniyversiytetterdegi ústazdar újymynyng jәne avtorlardyng ózderining bastamalarymen dayyndaghan enbekteri tandauly ústazdar men ghalymdardan qúralghan eksperttik komissiya taldauynan ótkizilip, olardyng iriktelgenderin kóp danamen basyp shygharu qolgha alynuy kerek dep oilaymyz.
7) Bolon ýderisine negiz bolghan batystyq bilim jýiesinde ghylym uniyversiytetter janynda. Sondyqtan zertteu júmystary men maman dayarlau isi ózara jaqyn, yaghny uniyversiytetterdi ghylymy túrghydan kýsheytu, olardy ghylymy ortalyqqa ainaldyru isinde batyl qadamdar jasau - zaman talaby. Osy baghytqa bet ala otyryp, belsendi ghylymiy-zertteu júmystarymen bayqalghan jeke oqytushy-professorlardyng auditoriyalyq kredit jýktemelerin azaytyp, olardyng ghylymy izdenisterine keng óris ashqan jón.
8) Qazaqstan tarihynan uniyversiytetterde alynatyn memlekettik emtihandardy nemese pәnning ózin oqytudy jogharghy kurstargha jyljytudyng búl pәndi uniyversiytetterde oqytu problemalaryn sheshpeytindigi, kerisinshe, basqa salalarda mamandar dayyndaudyng qalyptasqan oqytu jýielerin býldiretini eskerilsin.
9) JOO-da tarihshy emes mamandyqtar ýshin oqylatyn «Qazaqstan tarihy» pәnine baylanysty pedagogtyq jýktemedegi kredit kólemin úlghaytu joldaryn izdestiru qajet.