Júma, 29 Nauryz 2024
Janalyqtar 8013 0 pikir 27 Shilde, 2009 saghat 09:26

Serik QIRABAEV. Suretker

Ár jyldyng betin aiqyndap, jýgin kóteretin túlghalar bolady. Keyde soghan qarap "Abay jyly", "Áuezov jyly" dep atap jatamyz. Ázirshe kózi tiri adamgha jyl arnap kórgemiz joq. Kenes zamany­nan qalghan dәstýrge ol kirmegen. Kom­partiya kósemderi bolmasa, basqa úly­larymyzdyng ózi "kórnekti", "belgili" degen anyqtauyshtarmen shektelip, qarapayym kóppen birge ómir keshti, syi-siyapat ta shaghyndalyp jasaldy. Kishipeyildilik, әriyne, jaqsy. Zaman qysyp ústap, synnan kóz ashpaghan Múhtar men Sәbitter de eshuaqytta "men" dep ózin algha tospady, "úly jazushy" degendi estimey ketti.

Ár jyldyng betin aiqyndap, jýgin kóteretin túlghalar bolady. Keyde soghan qarap "Abay jyly", "Áuezov jyly" dep atap jatamyz. Ázirshe kózi tiri adamgha jyl arnap kórgemiz joq. Kenes zamany­nan qalghan dәstýrge ol kirmegen. Kom­partiya kósemderi bolmasa, basqa úly­larymyzdyng ózi "kórnekti", "belgili" degen anyqtauyshtarmen shektelip, qarapayym kóppen birge ómir keshti, syi-siyapat ta shaghyndalyp jasaldy. Kishipeyildilik, әriyne, jaqsy. Zaman qysyp ústap, synnan kóz ashpaghan Múhtar men Sәbitter de eshuaqytta "men" dep ózin algha tospady, "úly jazushy" degendi estimey ketti.

Búrynghy dәstýrlerimizge syn kózi­men qarap jatqan býgingi zamanda osyny da bir oilanyp qoyghanymyz jón siyaq­ty. "Jaqsynyng jaqsylyghyn ait, núry tasysyn, jamannyng jamandyghyn ait, qúty qashsyn" degen atam qazaq sózinde de jan bar siyaqty. Búl - jaqsynyng ónegesin tiri kezinde týsin, iyesining ruhy kóterilsin, el odan ghibrat alsyn degen sóz emes pe? Úrpaqty ólgenderding sózi­men ghana emes, tirilerding ózimen kóris­ti­rip tәrbiyeleu de múrat qoy. Osyny er­te oilanyp, oiyn oqyrmanymen bó­lisken Myrzatay Joldasbekov ("Egemen Qazaqstan", 16 qantar), Esenbay Dýi­sen­b­ayúlynyng ("Ana tili", 9 sәuir) maqalalary kópting kónilinen shyqqa­nyna eshbir kýmәn joq. Olar Ábish Kekilbaevtyng jazushylyq, qayratkerlik, oishyldyq qasiyetterine kóz toqtata qarap, saliqaly pikirler aitqan. Ony býgingi zamannyng eng úly túlghalarynyng qataryna qoya dәleldegen. Biyl 70 jasqa keletin talanttyng qúrmetine jyl ataudy úsynghan qalamdas dostarymnyng osy pikirlerin qolday otyryp, men Ábishting eng negizgi kәsibi - jazushylyqta jetken tabystary, suretkerlik beynesi jayly sóz qosudy jón kórdim.

Suretker degen ýlken ataq. Suretker dep eng biyik dәrejedegi sapaly shygharma jasaushyny aitady. Suretkerding enbegi shygharmashylyq tútastyghymen, oiyn jәne ózi dittegen shyndyqty kórkem týrde jetkizip surettey aluymen, ony jandy beynege ainaldyru ónerining jogharylyghymen, talghamynyng biyikti­gimen moyyndalugha tiyis. F.Dostoevskiy "Jazushynyng suretker retinde tanyluy onyng jaqsy jaza alghandyghynyng belgisi" degen. Onyng aituy boyynsha, romanshynyng kórkemdik biyik talanty obrazdar arqyly beynelengen oidyng salmaqtylyghymen ólshenedi. Ony oqyrman da dәl sol qalpynda týsine alugha tiyisti. Jazushynyng kórkem jazuy degen sóz - onyng jaqsy jazarlyq qabileti mol degen sóz.

Shyn talantty adam shygharma syrtyn jyltyratyp әrleu, mәnerleu, syrlau degenning bәrin joqqa shygharady. Shynayy kórkemdik degenimiz ómirding ózindey qarapayym qalpyn saqtaydy. Ol shyndyqtyng syryn da, jarqyn suretin de, әdemiligin de kóz aldyna jayyp salady.

Ádebiyet taqyryp tandamaydy. Óitkeni, ómir bar jerde әdebiyet bar. Ár halyqtyng әdebiyeti - onyng sana-sezimining kórinisi. Kórkem tuyndyda әdebiyet sol ómirding ózimen tútasyp, birigip ketedi. Últtyq oidy, halyqtyq syrdy ashady. Ómir qúbylystarynyng bir-birine úqsamaytyny tәrizdi, kórkem shygharma da keybir sujettik úqsastyq­tary bayqalyp túrsa da, oi-sana kórinisin ashyp taldauda bir-birinen alshaq jatady. Suretker talantynyng biyiktigi de osy úqsamauda, daralyqta.

"Bizding zamannyng aqyny sonymen birge filosof boluy kerek, - degen V.Belinskiy. - Poeziya men filosofiya birin biri syrtqa teppeydi, qayta qol ústasyp, birin-biri qoldaydy, tipti aralasyp ketedi. Keybir filosofiyalyq tuyndynyng aqyndyq, aqyndyq tuyn­dynyng filosofiyalyq dep atalatyn sebebi sonda".

Ýlken әdebiyetke qoyylatyn osy talaptar Ábish shygharmashylyghy arqyly bizding últtyq sóz ónerimizde dәleldenip keledi. Onyng jazushylyqqa ýlken múratpen qaraytyny, әdebiyet aldyna biyik talap qoya biletini, ony tereng tanymmen iske asyra alatyny qazir moyyndalyp bitken shyndyq. Ábish suretker retinde adam ómirining әleu­mettik mәn-maghynasyna ýnilip, ony filo­sofiyalyq oishyldyqpen órnek­teydi. Jazushy ónerining keyingige ghibrattyq, oy salarlyq, sabaqtyq mәni de osynda. Ol ashqan óz zamandastary men tarihy keyipkerlerding jas úrpaqqa úsynar taghylymy da әdebiyetting mazmúnyn bayytugha qyzmet etedi.

Ádebiyet egini jylda shygha bermeydi. Ýlken suretkerler men talantty tuyn­dylardy zaman, kezeng ózi ekshep shy­gharady. Áuezov te osylay óz qatar­lastarynan ekshelip shyqqan. Onyng shyghuy bizding últtyq әdebiyetimizdi әlemdik dengeyge kóterdi de, parasatty biyik ónerding ókili retindegi jazushynyng ornyn da aiqyndap berdi. Ótken ghasyrdyng 60-jyldary jana bir talantty tolqyndy ómirding betine aidap shyqty da, ekshep-ekshep býgin Ábishti algha úsynyp otyr. Ol sodan bergi dәuirde ózi aitqanday, "tarih qúrsaghyn­da jaratylyp, zamana múqtajy kindigin kesken" jazushy retinde tanyldy.

Zaman syryn jan-jýregimen sezinu, múqtajdyqty, halyq tilegin tereng oimen barlau - úly jazushygha tәn qasiyet. Ol býgingi adamdy tanyp qana qoymaydy, onyng aldyndaghy ómirmen jalghastyqty ómir sabaghyn ýirenumen sabaqtas­tyrady. Qoghamdaghy únamsyzdyqty, je­tim­sizdikti, bilimsizdikti kóredi. Súltan­mahmút aitqanday, "Qaranghy­lyqtyng kógine "kýn boludy" arman­daydy, aldy­men, adam retinde jetiledi, aqyl-oy alyp­taryn iygeredi. Býkil tarih shyndy­ghyn qoparyp, el ómirining zәru mәsele­lerin shygharmalaryna ózek etedi. Kórge­nin suretteumen shektelmey, "nege osylay" ekenine kóz jiberedi, oilanady, ómir qúbylystaryn oishyldyqpen taldaydy.

Ábish jýrip ótken, iygergen jol da osy jol. Onyng jazghandary - qazaq ómiri, halqynyng taghdyry, onyng kórgeni men basynan keshkeni, keshegisi men býgingisi, solardyng bir-birimen sabaq­tastyghy. Jazushy suretteuinde qazaq eli, onyng tirshiligi - jalpy adamzat tir­shiliginen bólek, oqshau ómir emes, sonyng bir bóligi. Onyng tarihy da, ruhany ómiri de әlemdik órkeniyetpen baylanysta. Halyqtyng sol úzaq ómirining býgingi qorytyndysy - qazaqtardyng tәuelsizdigi bolsa, Ábish múrat etken shyn­dyqtyng ózi de sol ekenin onyng shygharmashylyq jolyn tanyp baryp týsinemiz. Jazushynyng songhy jyldary kórkem әdebiyetten bir mezgil qolyn bosatyp, kósemsózge auysuynda da tarih úsynghan osy bir jetistikting syryn kósilip aityp týsindiru niyeti jatyr. Onyng kósemsózi halyqpen betpe-bet otyryp tildesuge, zaman talabyn dәleldep úghyndyrugha, býgingi bar tirshiligimizdi egemendikti bayandy etuge baghyttaugha ýiretedi. Elding el boluyna әrkimning qosar ýlesin naqtylaugha qúrylady.

Úly talanttardyng shәkirttik ýirenu dәuiri degen bolmaydy. Bolsa da az mer­zimde ótedi. Múhtar Áuezovting alghashqy әngi­me­lerin oqyghan adam odan bolashaq úly suret­k­erding qoltanbasyn tanidy. Ol adam men onyng taghdyryn tarih shyn­dyghymen baylanystyra psihologiyalyq suretter arqyly beyneleuding jolyn erte iygerdi. Ýlken prozagha tәn epikalyq kendik, asyqpay bayandau, psihologiyalyq terendik, filosofiyalyq tolghanys, keng tynysty beyneli til órnekteri sol kezden-aq kózge týsti. Ábishting alghashqy әngime-hikayattary da bizge solay kórinedi. Ol ózine tanys ómirdi, halyq tarihy men salt-sanasyn beyneleytin anyz-әngimelerdi, Manghystau eli men jerining erekshelikterin ashatyn shejireler men kórkem boyaulardy molynan paydalanyp, olardy ýlken jazushygha tәn baysaldy proza ýlgisine sala surettedi. Osy izdenisi jazushyny sol kezding ózinde-aq iri tabystargha jetkizdi, Ábish kóterilgen biyikting mejesi әdebiyet aqsaqaldary men synshylarynyng nazaryna ilikti.

Búl tústa tughan Ábish shygharmalarynda eki ýlken taqyryptyq jýie bar. Biri - anyzda saqtalghan dala halyqtarynyng rulyq jәne taptyq talas-tartystary da, ekinshisi - qarapayym, halyq ortasynyng tirshiligi, onyng adamdaryn suretteu talaby. Osy taqyryptardy Ábish jazushylyq túrghyda qalay iygergenin kóru ýshin onyng alghashqy shygharmalarynan keybir hikayattar men әngimelerdi eske alu artyq emes. Olar sol tústaghy býkil Ábish tuyndylarynyng kórkemdik dengeyin, olardaghy oy men suretkerlikting belgilerin anyq bayqatady.

Ábish surettegen halyq anyzdary jazushynyng ózi ósken ortada kóp aity­lyp, sanagha jattalyp qalghan shyndyqqa negizdeledi. Ol - jas Ábishting oiy men sezimine singen de, keyin jazushylyqqa bet búrghan kezde qayta janghyryp shyqqan ómir suretteri. Sóitip, jazushy tarihtyn, kóshpeli tirshilikting sýrensiz әdet-ghúryptary men salttaryn býgingi oqyrman kóz aldynda tiriltti. Tarih sabaghy jaqsylyqtan ghana túrmaytynyn, úrpaqty odan bezindiretin, ózin aulaq ústaugha ýiretetin auyr oqighalar sabaghy bolatynyn kórsetti. Solardyng qatarynda el arasy jaulasushylyghynyng qatigezdigi, dәlelsiz, sebepsiz qaqtyghysqan arazdyq sezimderi, ar-namys degendi jamylyp, sony syltau etip rushyldyqty, bólinushilikti kýittegen sol zamannyng úghym-týsinikteri aiqyn ashylady.

Qay aurudyng bolsa da emi bar. El men eldin, kórshi halyqtardyng osynday oisyz jaulasushylyghyn toqtatar kýshti zor­lyqqa zorlyqpen jauap beruden izdeu mým­kin emes edi. Ol ómiri bitpeytin zor­lyq­tardy tudyrar edi. Sondyqtan Ábish qol kýshine emes, oy kýshine jýginedi. Ol zorlyqshynyng sanasyna sәule týsirip, oilandyratyn óner kýshin tandaydy. Búl Ábish oidan shygharghan dýnie emes. Halyq úghymyna singen anyzdyq sipattaghy sujetter bolatyn. Ábish osyny Manghys­tau qazaqtary men týrkimender arasyn­daghy jaulasushylyq oqighalaryna ynghay­lap "Kýi" atty hikayatynda paydalanady. Hikayattyng kórkemdik jetistikteri onyng iydeyasynan ghana emes, onda jarqyn kórinis tapqan Manghystau dalasy men týrkimen qúmdary­nyng suretterinen, jer dauy, jesir dauy siyaqty syltaularmen shabysqan el psihologiyasynan, ózderi kýresip jýrgen syltaudy shyndyq dep úghyp, sonyng jaqtaushysy bolyp, namys pen kek quyp jýrmin dep úghynatyn adasushylyq sezimnen kórinedi. Aqyry kýishi óneri barlyq oqighalargha toqtau be­redi de, negizgi zorlyqshy Jóneyit han­nyng ózi oilanyp qalady. Ol ótken kýnderding ashy shyndyghy qalay tughany jayynda, alys-júlys, tartys, adamgha degen óshpendilik, kekshildik ne ýshin jasalatyny, onyng qaydan tuatyny turaly oy toqtatady. Adamshylyq basy jek kórude, jaulasu­shylyqta emes, dos­tasuda, ayaushylyqta ekeni "Kýi" hikayaty arqyly kóringen Ábish filosofiyasy osynday.

Qay zamanda bolsyn, zorlyqty tudyrushy - biylik iyesi men soghan jaqyn top. Olardyng qalyng halyqpen tabysa almauy da úghym-týsinigining sәikespeytin­diginen, ruhany jaqyndyqtyng joqty­ghynan. Ómirdi ústap túrghan halyq ruhy ekenin olar úghynbaydy. Múnday úghynys bolghan jerde týsinushilik bolady. Ábishting tarihy shygharmalarynda, әsirese, alghash­qy hikayattarynda biylik pen biyleushining zorlyghyna negiz bolatyn jaylar olardyng ruhany jetimsizdigi ekeni angharylady. Shynghys han turaly anyzdyng birine sýienip jazghan "Hansha-Dariya hikaya­synda" jazushy hannyng jer betinen ózi joyyp jibergen halyqtyng súluyna ghashyqtyghy biyleushining ólimine sebep bolghanyn jazady. Ol býkil tanghút elin qyrghanmen, Gýrbeljin súludy baghyndyra almaydy. Dýniyege ólim shashqan adam bir әiel aldynda әlsiz ekenin kórip, ajalgha tap keledi. Al әiel biyik ruhyn saqtap qalady. Ábish múnda da shyndyqty taldau negizinde ómir men ólim, biylik pen qara­payym halyq, jaqsylyq pen jamandyq jayly filosofiyalyq tolghanystar jasaydy, adam ómirining tarihiy-әleumettik syrlaryn psihologiyalyq surettermen beredi. Osy siyaqty tartystardan adam taghdyryn tanugha qajet adamshylyq sipattardy tabady.

Anyzdyq sujetting shaghyn fabulasyn terendete qonlandyryp, adamnyng ishki psihologiyalyq sezim kýilerin, oi-sanadaghy dramalyq qayshylyqtardy ashu Ábishting "Anyzdyng aqyry" atty romanynda ótkir de tereng qoyylady. Jazushy adam janyn, onyng kýizelisin qazbalap suretteydi. Belgili bir oqighadan tughan dramalyq kýilerge qayta ainalyp soghyp, onyng adam sezimine etken әserin tauysa suretteu Ábishting jazushylyq әdisine tәn sipatqa ainalghanday әser qaldyrady. Osydan baryp foliklorlyq anyz realistik suretpen jymdasyp, oqigha men keyipkerler әreketi ómirde bolghanday jandy kóriniske úlasady. Roman oqighasy negizinde tartys bolarlyq eshteme joq. Ámirshi alys jerlerge joryqqa ketedi. Erin saghynghan hansha kýieuine degen sezimin bildiru ýshin ony jana ghajayyp kýmbez saldyryp qarsy aludy oilaydy. Al kýmbezdi salghan sheber hanshagha degen sezimin ýiip-tógedi. Ony týsingen hansha da sheberdi únatady. Osydan baryp ýlken drama tuady. Adamzat tarihynda ýzilmey kele jatqan, ghashyqtyqqa maltyqqan ýsheui taghy da aldarynyzdan shyghady. Joryqtan qaytqan әmirshi kýmbezden ózi­ne degen kónildi emes, hansha men sheber­ding bir-birine degen yntyq sezimin kóredi.

Jazushy ishki monolog arqyly adamgha tәn syr, kónil iyirimderi tolghanysyn beynelep, jeke adam ómiri men jalpy dýniyenin, mahabbat pen zúlymdyqtyn, namys pen qyzghanyshtyn, danqqúmarlyq pen adamgershilikting tartystaryna óz kózqarasyn qosady. Biylik pen adam bostandyghy, oi-sezim erkindigi qashan da syiyspaghan ghoy. Ábish Ámirshining úzaq tolghanyp baryp iske asyrghan qatigez sheshimin suretteu negizinde biylik pen qarapayym adam qayshylyqtary filoso­fiyasyn ashady. Birin әshkerelep, ekinshisining taghdyryna ayaushylyq bildiredi. Sóitip júpyny sujetten ýlken oqigha tudyryp, jeke adam psiholo­giyasyna ýnilu shygharmany kýrdeli dramalyq tartysqa jetkizedi.

HIH ghasyrdaghy materialistik әdeby synnyng úly ókili V.Belinskiy shyghar­many sujet jelisine qarap baghalamau kerek dep ýiretken edi. Lermontov roma­nynda orys ofiyseri cherkeshting qyzyn alyp qashty, keyin kónili suyp tastap ketti. Otello sýigenin qyzghanyshtan óltirdi. Osydan shygharma iydeyasy men adamdardyng taghdyryn týsinuge bola ma? Mәsele sol oqighalardyng qalay bolghan­dyghyn kórsetu men oghan qatysqan adam­dar taghdyryn suretteude ghoy. Aqyl­syzdyq, sezim, kýigelektik adamdy nege soqtyrady? Sony tereng ashyp kórset­kende ghana adamdy tanugha bolatynyn aitqan-dy kórnekti synshy. Ábish romanynyng sujetinde tartys bolarlyq eshteme joq degende, men de sony aitpaq edim. Al tartysty tudyrghan adamdardyng qyzghanyshy, kóre almauy, jauyzdyq sezimder ghoy. Jazushy osyny tereng ashyp kórsetuimen oqighanyng órbuin adamdar taghdyryn psihologiyalyq túrghyda tolyq beyneleydi. Tipti keyipkerler ortasynda tildesu, sóilesu, kinәlasu, týsinisu siyaqty әngimeler de joq. Bәri de oy tilimen, sana úghymymen tildesedi, ishtey tolghanady. Ishki monolog degenimiz osy. Shyn kórkem әdebiyet adamdy ashuda ylghy da osyghan jýginedi, sony iygeruge tyrysady. Ábishting jazushylyq izdenisining basynan-aq biz osyny aiqyn kóremiz.

Ábishting taza qazaq ómirine arnalghan shygharmalaryna qaray oiyssaq, olarda tughan halqynyng keng dalada qiynshylyq astynda ómir keshken, biraq tirshilikke degen qúrmeti men tileuin joghaltpaghan ókilderimen tanysamyz. Jazushy olardyng kýrdeli tirshiligining jaghdaylaryna, syry men tolghanystaryna ýniledi. Sol arqyly ómir sýruding mәn-maghynasy jayly oila­nugha iytermeleydi. Qazaq ómiri qashanda dalamen, tughan jermen, atameken-qonyspen baylanysty. Tirshiligining kózi sanalghan dalany, meyli ol jayly, jaysyz bolsyn, eshkim qiyp tastap ketpeydi. Manghystau júrty da solay. Qúmdy dalanyng jútandyghyna kónip, taghdyryna tabandylyq kórsetken, qayratty, jany taza, parasaty mol adamdar - Ábish shygharmalarynyng negizgi keyipkerleri. Olardyng bәri qarapayym halyq ókilderi, dalanyng tabighatymen tuysyp ketken, keshegi qazaqy tirshilikke kónbis, qaysar úly men qyzy. Býgin biz qazaqy minez-qúlyqtardy izdegende Ábish jasaghan osy beynelerge, solardy ashugha, tanugha kómektesip túrghan etnografiyalyq detali­dar men adam ómirining ishki iyirimderine ýnilemiz. Olardyng ishinen eskining kózin­dey, túrmysy auyr bolghanymen, kónili sara Tileudi ("Bir shoq jiyde"), kýieui maydanda ólip, jalghyz úldy jetkizgen qaysar kempirdi ("Qús qanaty"), ómirding jeniltek saltyn qabyldap, biraz qyzyq kórip, aqyry jalghyzdyq azabyn tartqan Zuhrany ("Shetkeri ýi"), týieden basqa kólik kórmegen dalada jana mamandyq iygergen Jaqandy ("Avtomo­bili"), taghy basqalardy tanimyz. Úly Otan soghysy kezindegi el basyna týsken ashy shyndyqty shynayy qalpynda kóz aldyna jayyp salghan "Bir shókim búlt" hikayatynyng epiktik tanymy tipti ózgeshe. Soghys... Dala men mal baqqan eki ýidegi qoyshylar... Biri erkeginen erte aiyryl­ghan, biri әkesi men balasyn soghysqa bergen jesir әielder taghdyry. Solardyng basyna taghdyr salghan sezimning ashy kýii... Bәri de oqyrmanyn tebirentpey ótpeydi. Ómir soqqysyna jasymaghan, ruhy biyik, jany taza qazaq әielderi Aqqaymaq pen Mayra da naghyz sol tústaghy qazaq әieli­ning tiptik beynesin tanytady. Solardyng minezdiligine, ómir sýigishtigine riza bolasyn.

Adam janynyng taghy bir iyirimi "Shy­nyrau" hikayatynda tereng psihologiyalyq taldau arqyly beril­gen. Búl adamdy biy­legen astamshylyq, danqqúmarlyq, egoiys­tik sezimning ony jargha jyghuy. Ensep tau qoparghan, qayratyn halqyna júmsaghan, qalyng eldi sugha qaryq qylghan alyp beyne - sol halyq qolpashyna masattanyp, kóniline pendeshilik kirip, atyn odan әri asyrmaq bo­lyp baryp, shynyrau týbinde qalady. Ábish­ting han bolsyn, qa­rapayym jan bolsyn, adamdy astamshy­lyq­tan saqtandyratyn iydeyasynyng bir úshyghy osynda jatyr.

Búl atalghan hiy­kayattar men әngimeler Ábish shygharmashy­lyghynyng az ghana bólikteri. Onyng bәrin týgendep jatu mindet te emes shyghar. Mәsele jazushynyng suret­kerlik ónerining kólemi men kýshin tanuda ghoy. Osy túrghydan kelgende, Ábish әrqashan ýzdik talantymen kózge týsedi. Shyndyqty dәl tanyp, ómirding ózinen ainytpay kórkem suretke ainaldyra biluimen, adam minez-qúlqyn bayqaghyshtyghymen, detali­dy oinata aluymen, til baylyghymen, ony ornyn tauyp paydalana biletin qabile­timen ol ylghy da oqyrman kónilinen shyghady. Oiy da, sózi de arnasyna syimay jatqan ózen suynday lyqsyp, jiyekke soghyp jatady. Ómir tanuy men ony kórkem beynege ainaldyra suretteui jaghynan kóp әriptesterinen ozyq túrghan jazushynyng bilimdiligi men kóregendigi, ainalasyndaghy tirshilikti anghara bilui men alysty bol­jaghyshtyghy qosylyp, onyng suretkerligin kótere týsedi. "Jazushynyng qalamy ony qay jerge kóterip shygharsa, onyng orny sol jerde" degen Ghabit Mýsirepovting danalyq sózi eske týsedi. Osy sózding rastyghyna qol qoysaq, alghashqy әngime-hikayattarymen-aq Ábishting ózine layyq oryndy edәuir biyikten tapqanyna riza­lyqpen qaraymyz. Jazushynyng keyin­gi izdenisteri, ýlken epikalyq tuyndylary ony biyiktetpese, alasartqan joq.

Ábish romandaryn sóz etkende, aldymen "Ýrker", "Elen-alan" eske týsedi. HIH ghasyrdyng alpysynshy jyldarynan bastalghan qazaq tarihyna degen betbúrys últ taghdyryn oilaghan qalamgerlerding eshqaysysyn enjar qaldyrghan joq. Halqynyng ótkeni men býgingisin barlay otyryp, tarihtyng úzaq tartystarynda eldigin, últtyq namysyn saqtap qalghan halyqtyng erlik kýresi kóp shygharmalargha arqau bolghany belgili. Solardyng ishinde Ábishting atalghan eki romany óz biyigimen әdebiyet tarihyna kirdi. Búl romandarda Qazaq elining jonghar jәne basqa kórshi halyqtar shabuylynan yghyr bolyp orys patshalyghynan pana izdeuining kýrdeli jaghdaylaryn sóz etti. Qosylu prosesin bastaghan Kishi jýz rulary ýshin de, olardyng hany Ábilqayyr ýshin de búl op-onay iske asa qalghan dýnie emes edi. Basqa elding otarshyldyghynan qashyp, ekinshi elge otar bolugha moyynúsynu halyq ýshin qolayly emes ekenin olar, әriyne, bildi. Biraq amalsyzdyq kóndirdi. Ábilqayyr óz tobymen aqyldasa, kenese kelip, orys patshalyghy qol astyna kiru arqyly basqa elding shabuylynan biraz uaqyt tynys alyp, beybit tirshilikke kóshudi, patshagha baghyna otyryp, ózining jәne elining handyq qúrylymyn saqtaudy kóksedi. Alayda patsha sayasaty әri qaray terendep, keyin býkil halyqty, onyng jer-suyn memleketting menshigine aluy, qanaudyng kýsheygeni, osylardyng mezgil-mezgil narazylyqtar tudyruy jalpygha mәlim.

Ábish romandary, әsirese, "Ýrker" osy bir tarihy qosyludyng mәn-maghy­nasyna otarlaushy men otarlanushynyng kózimen emes, halyqtardyng qashanda birigu, tabysu jolyn izdegeni, beybit ómirge, sol negizde tirshilikti progress jolyna týsiruge yntalylyghy túrghysynan qaraydy. Múny ol zamanda da, keyin de, tipti býgin de elding bәri týsinip, qúptay qoyy qiyn edi. Sondyqtan da qazirgi tәuelsizdik alghan túsymyzdyng ózinde Ábilqayyr isine kýdikpen qaraushylar azayghan joq.

Qogham damuynyng shyndyghyn eske alsaq, әlem halyqtarynyng bәri әleumet­tik ózgeristerdi qalaghan. Adamdar qay dәuirde bolsa da ýmitti bolashaqtan kýtken, ózara baylanysty, qarym-qatynasty, materialdyq jәne ruhany janarudy armandaghan. Kórshi elderding qyspaghyna týsken qazaqtyng da endigi jerde tomagha túiyq, oqshau, kóshpeli saltty saghalap jýre beruine mýmkindik azayghan edi. Dýniyejýzilik әleumettik tirshilikting iri qozghalysqa týsui, jana jerlerding ashyluy, halyqtar baylany­sy­­nyng úlghangy, basyp alu, baghynu shyn­dyqtary qazaq halqyn da búrynghy kýiinde qaldyra almaytyny týsinikti boldy. Osy bir tarihy qúbylystyng zandylyghyn Ábish "Ýrkerde" ýlken suretkerlikpen jәne oishyldyqpen surettedi. Ýrker - manday aldynnan tuyp, jolyna jaryq týsirip túrghan, adas­tyrmaytyn júldyz nemese júldyzdar shoghyry. Bas keyipker Ábilqayyr han da, jazushy da ony osylay úghynugha ty­rysady.

Romandaghy býkil oqigha damuy, әreket, tirshilik shyndyghy Ábilqayyr­dyng sarap­tauynan ótip, sonyng oiy, tolghanysy arqyly óristeydi. Basqa da súltandar tәrizdi ol da biylikke qúmar, egoistik sezimnen de qúr emes. Alayda onyng basqa tuystarynan bir ózgesheligi - ózin qarapayym ústap, ishki sezimderin syrtqa shygharmay basa alady, el al­dynda әdil bolugha tyrysyp, halyq qol­dauynan ýmit kýtedi. Ózi batyr, әskery qolbasshy manyna qayratty, sheshen, alghyr jigitterdi (Eset, Bógen­bay, Jәni­bek, Taylan, t.b.) jinap, so­lar­gha sýie­nedi, solardy aqylshy túta­dy. Tóle, Qa­zy­bek, Áyteke, Mәti biylerding danalyq sózderin tyndau, qalmaqtargha qarsy kýres әreketteri Ábilqayyrdyng oiyna oy qosyp, elding azattyghy, birligi jayly tyng bastama­largha jol salady. Ásirese, Mәrtóbede, Kýltóbede, Ordabasyda ót­ken jiyndar onyng týsinigin bayytady.

Jazushy Ábilqayyr ómirining barlyq kezenin tizip, onyng jeke basynyng tirshiligin kýittemeydi. Ony Kishi jýz hany taghynda otyryp, Reseyge qosylu turaly úsynyspen patshagha ókildik jiberui men aradaghy kelissózben bayla­nysty oqighalardy roman taqyrybyna ainaldyrady. Shygharmanyng tórt tarauy Peterburgten habar kýtken hannyng kýpti, oily kýiin ("Tyghyryq"), patsha elshiligining keluin ("Elshilik"), onymen qiyn jaghdayda ótken kelissóz ("Ar­basu") jәne kelissózderding úzaq tarty­syp baryp sәtti ayaqtaluyn ("Ayqas") suretteydi. Syrt qaraghanda, bir sәttik mәselelerdi ashugha arnalghanmen, búl taraulardyng barlyghynda da qazaq tarihynyng mәseleleri, dәuir men adam taghdyrynyng shyndyghy, Reseyge qosyludy jaqtaghan jәne qarsy bolghan toptardyng tartysy, ru basshylarynyng alauyzdyghy, solargha qaramastan birtindep halyq ishine taray bastaghan orys-qazaq qatynastarynyng faktileri shynayy kórinis tabady. Búghan deyingi tarihy oqighalar sheginis kýiinde suret­telip, tәuelsizdik ýshin kýresting sheji­resin eske týsiredi. Roman mazmúnynda halyq taghdyry, el taghdyry jayly oilanu kýshti. Ábilqayyrdy Reseyge qosylu turaly sheshimge bastaghan da osy oilar. Syghanaqta, Edil boyynda, Anyraqayda ózi qatysqan úrystar, oghan qosylghan ishki jaulasu­shylyq, feodal­dyq-patriarhaldyq ómirding qayshy­lyqtary men rushyldyq alauyzdyqtar, handyqqa talasqan biyleushi әuletterding dinastiyalyq baqtalastyghy qazaq qoghamyn әlsiretip jibergenin Ábilqayyr aldynghylardyng biri bolyp týsinedi. Osylardy kórip, bilip otyryp onyng Reseyge qol artuy sol zaman ýshin birden bir dúrys sheshim bolghany da dausyz. Býgin orystargha aldymen óz erkimen baghynugha bardy dep Ábilqayyr­dy aiyptau, ony týsinip, keng tolghap roman jazghan Ábishti kinәlau eshqanday әdildikke jatpaydy jәne ol sol kezdegi jaghdaydy týsinbeuding saldary.

Romanda bayau damyp, keng surettele­tin kelissóz oqighalary dala qayshy­lyghyn, ydyrap bara jatqan handyq qúrylystyng syryn tereng ashyp beredi. Eki jaq ta ony alpys eki ailaly týlkining qulyghyna salyp jyljytady. Búl prosess Ábilqayyr harakterin, psihologiyasyn keng ashugha mýmkindik beredi. Onyng tózimdiligi men aqyl-aylasy eki jaqty jaulastyrmay, kelis­tiruge, jarastyrugha júmsalady. Elshilikpen kelissózding oidaghyday ayaqtaluy - han sayasatynyng jemisi.

"Ýrker" - realizmi bay shygharma. Onda suretteletin ómir shyndyghynyng jarqyn da shynayy kórinisteri, el taghdyry, halyq ómirining keshegi, býgingi jaghdaylary keyipker minez-qúlqyn qalyptastyrumen birge, jazushyny da, oqyrmanyn da tolghandyrady. Onda qazaqtyng últtyq erekshelikteri, salt-sanasy, úghym-týsinigine qatysty etnog­rafiyalyq derekter mol paydalanylghan. Roman tili de sheshendik óner poetika­syna negizdelgen. Roman aitar oilar da, halyqtyng minez-qúlqyn ashu da solar­dyng mekeni bolghan dalanyng kendigimen, tarihymen baylanysty qaralady. Ótken zaman shyndyghyn býgingi úghym, morali túrghysynan qarastyru kóp jaghynan astarly oigha menzeydi. Beyneleuding simvoldyq ýlgilerin, foliklorlyq anyzdardy paydalanu shygharmanyng realistik sipatyn búzbaydy, qayta jetildire týsedi.

"Elen-alan" - "Ýrker" romanynyng zandy jalghasy. Onda orys elshiligi men Ábilqayyr han arasynda qiynshy­lyqpen iske asqan kelissózden keyingi eki elding ara qatynasynyng shiray týsui sóz bolady. Romannyng negizgi sujettik arnasy qazaq ókilderining Peterburgke baruy, Orynbor ekspedisiyasynyng qúryluy jәne onyng qazaq jerine sapary, Or ózeni boyynda bekinis qala saluy, sol bekiniste Orynbor komiys­siyasynyng bastyghy Tatiyshev pen Ábilqayyr hannyng kezdesui, hannyng Resey memleketine bodan bolu jónindegi uәdesine beriktigin dәleldep, jana ant berui siyaqty uaqighalar arqyly damidy. Bashqúrttar kóterilisi, sol negizde orys-bashqúrt qarym-qatynastarynyng shiyelenisui, onyng qazaq dalasyna әseri, kórshi halyqtarmen baylanystyng qay­shylyqty kórinisteri, qazaq handyghy­nyng ishki jaghdayynyng kýrdeli­lene týsui siyaqty mәseleler negizgi arnagha qosy­lyp, sol dәuir shyndyghyn keng kólemde ashugha kómektesedi. Osy uaqighalar negizinde jazushy orys-qazaq qarym-qatynasy qanday kýrdeli, qayshylyqty jaghdayda ótse de, halyqtardyng ózara jaulaspay, ortaq til tabugha úmtyluyn, týpki mýdde jaqyndy­ghyn oy men aqylgha jendire otyryp týsinuge degen talabyn qúptay suret­teydi. Múnyng ózi jalpy qoz­ghalysqa týsken dýniyejýzilik halyq­tar baylany­synyng negizgi bir ózekti prob­­lemasynyng kórinisi siyaqty ýghylady.

Romanda suretteletin negizgi mәsele Qazaqstannyng Reseyge qosyluymen baylanysty bolghandyqtan, ondaghy uaqighalar da orys jerinde, patsha sayasatyn iske asyru jónindegi әreketterden bastalady. Keyipkerler ishinde de qazaq jerinde júmys isteuge attanghan patsha ókimetining ókilderi birinshi orynda kórinedi. Olardyng bastylary - alghashqy qúrylghan Orynbor ekspedisiyasynyng bastyghy Ivan Kirilov, keyin onyng ornyn basqan Oral ken zauyttarynyng basqaru­shysy Tatiyshev, patsha generaly Rumyansev, ekspedisiya bastyghynyng kómekshisi, búrynghy elshi Tevkelev, taghy basqalar. Qazaq jerinde iske asugha tiyisti patsha sayasaty, onyng qayshylyqty kórinisteri, negizinen, osy keyipkerler arqyly suretteledi. Olardyng obrazyn ashuda da jazushy sol dәuirge tәn qayshylyqty ómir shyndyghy men sodan tuatyn kýrdeli adamdyq úghym-týsinikterdi negizge alady.

Romandaghy Kirilov beynesin Ábish onyng ómirining tarihy faktileri negizinde jasaghan. Qaghaz kóshirushining otbasynda tuyp, ómiri qaghazben aralasyp ósken, isine úqypty, jazuy әdemi, ylghy da asyghyp-ýsigip, múrnynan shanshylyp jýretin júmysbasty adamnyng qyzmet dәrejesining ósui de nanymdy. Resey territoriyasynan әrtýrli maqsatpen shyqqan adamdardyng bәrin aldynan ótkizip, olardyng esebin jinau, bolghan jerlerin kartagha týsiru júmystaryn jýrgizu arqyly onyng ghylymdyq mәni bar birtalay paydaly júmys istegenin de bilemiz. Osynyng bәrin ol Reseyding eldik mýddesine payda keltiru maqsatynda isteydi. Óz ómirin Resey mýddesine arnaudy armandaydy. Orynbor ekspedisiyasyna bastyq bolu biyik lauazymmen birge, shet aimaqtarda Resey sayasatyn jýrgizip, onyng mәrte­besin kótere beruge qyzmet etetinin ol múrat tútady, oghan Kishi jýz qazaqta­rymen birge Orta jýzdi, Úly jýzdi Reseyge qosu, olardyng basshylarynan ant alu tapsyrylady. Osy tapsyrma­lardy oryndau, Resey memleketining shekarasyn keneytuge, onyng irgesin bekite týsuge ýles qosu patsha sheneunigi ýshin zor mәrtebe edi. Onyng ýstine ekspedisiya dep atalghanmen, bashqúrttar men qazaqtardy biyleu, olardyng jerinde Reseyge baghynyshty tәrtip ornatu ýshin attanghan ýlken bir armiyagha qolbasshy­lyq qyzmet atqaru mindeti de onyng arman-qiyalyn kótere týskeni dausyz.

Peterburgte, tynysh kabiynette qiyaldan tughan osynday izgi maqsatty tanys emes elding qayshylyqty tirshiligi tas-talqan etti, onyng beybit jolmen iske asuyna mýmkindik bermedi. Bashqúrttardyng ekspedisiyagha qoyghan talaptary, oghan shabuyly, soghys әreketteri Kirilov boyynda jergilikti halyqtargha degen óshpendilik tughyzdy. Ol kek qaytarugha úmtyldy. Ashu, yza oghan kek qaytarudyn, qarugha qarumen jauap beruding týpki nәtiyjesi qalay bolatynyn oilatpady. Qolyna nayza ústap, azyn-aulaq myltyqpen boy kótergen jergilikti halyqqa orys әskerlerining mol qaru-jaraghy, pulemeti qarsy qoyyldy. Múnyng ózi olardy oisyrata qyryp jiberuge aparyp soqty. IYgi oily Qirilov ózining qalay jendetke ainalyp ketkenin bayqamay da qaldy. Keyipkerlerining boyyndaghy osynday qayshylyqty sezimning tuyp, onyng arandatugha qalay bastaghanyn Ábish psihologiyalyq surettermen ashady.

Jogharghy oqighalardan keyin-aq biz Kirilov boyynda ruhany daghdarys tughanyn, odan qaytyp shygharlyq kýsh patsha sheneunigining boyynda joq ekenin týsinemiz. Búl onyng ruhany ólimining basy. Onyng arjaghynda Kiriy­lov ónimdi júmys jasay almaydy. Qazaq dalasyn Resey qol astyna týgeldey kirgizip, ony biyleu turaly armany iske aspay qalady. Jazyp jýrgen enbegi de ("Kýlli orys memleketining gýl jaynaghan kelbeti" atty enbegi qoljazba kýiinde saqtalyp, 1881 jyly ghana basylghan) ayaqtalmady. Búl tústa bitirgen sharua­synyng eng bastysy - týzdikterdi biyleu turaly ereje qabyldatuy. Onyng da Rumyansevpen, Tatiyshevpen kelisilgen núsqasyn emes, týzdikterge degen óshpendilik pen kek alugha toly óz núsqasyn ótkizedi. Son­dyqtan onyng ólimin de jazushy tәp­tishtep jatpaydy. Ony jay habarlap, onyng ornyna Tatiyshevting taghayyn­dalghanyn jazady.

Qazaq dalasyn biyleumen baylanys­ty Tatiyshevting de jaqsy oilary bolghan. Ol Orynbor komissiyasynda (búl kezde ekspedisiya komissiya atanghan, keyin - Orynbor shekara komissiyasy) qyzmet isteytin orys sheneunikterinen qazaq tilin ýirenudi talap etken. Patshanyng últ, ru arazdyghyn saqtau turaly núsqauyna qaramastan, halyqtardy ózara dostyqqa shaqyrghan. Orta jýzdi Reseyge qosylugha iykemdegen. Qazaq tarihymen shúghyl­danghan. Onyng "Úly Resey imperiyasynyng tarihy men geografiyasyn sipattaugha kirispe", "Reseyding tarihi, geografiyalyq jәne sayasy leksikony", "Resey tarihy" atty enbekterinde qazaqtargha qatysty birsypyra mәlimetter bar.

Jalpy Tatiyshev, Kirilovke qara­ghan­da, mәselege oily, salmaqty kózben qaray aluymen erekshelenedi. Ol alghash Rumyansevpen birge Kirilovpen bolghan әngimede ekspedisiya bastyghynyng qyzbalyghyna riza emestigin bildirip, ózining oily, ústamdy sayasatshy ekenin tanytqan edi. Rumyansevpen onasha әngimede de qolgha týsken bashqúrttardy әkirendegen soldattardyng qorlauyna jol bermey, olardyng kiyim-keshegin, qaruyn dúrys saqtauyn ótinedi. Keyin komissiya bastyghy bolyp, Or boyynda salynyp jatqan bekiniske kelgende de, ol kóregendik tanytady. Onyng han túqymymen alghashqy kezdesuin Eraly hanzadadan bastauy, onyng qúrmetine toy jasap, zenbirek atyp, syy tartuy han kónilin tabudyng basy edi. Keyin handy qabyldaghanda da ol Ábilqayyr men onyng ainalasyn riza eterlik saltanat úiymdastyrady, olardan patshagha adaldyghy jóninde jana ant aludy aqylmen ótkizedi. Múnyng bәri Tatiyshev­ting oily diplomat ekenin bayqatady.

Ábilqayyr han - búl romannyng da basty keyipkerlerining biri. Onyng "Ýrker" romanyndaghy beynesi mýlde jana jaghdayda, tyng materialdar negizinde tolysa týsken. Hannyng oily, ailaly, amaldy qylyghyn tanytarlyq epizodtar birsypyra. Osylardyng qay-qaysysynda bolsyn ol "zamanyna qaray amaly" degen qaghidagha sýiengen óz dәuirining qayratkeri retinde kórinedi. Ol tәuekelshil jolbarystyn, ashushang arlannyng zamany ótkenin, ailaker týlki­ning dәuiri tughanyn týsinedi. "Al, halyq­tyng basshysy bolu - azghantay toqty-laqtyng baqtashysy bolu emes, - dep oi­lay­dy Ábilqayyr. - Azghantay toqtyshaq­qa baqtashy bolu ýshin azghantay aqyl, azghantay qayrat ta jetkilikti. Al, az júrttyng basshysyna kóp júrttyng bas­shy­synan góri de kóbirek bilik, kóbirek aila kerek. Kóp júrttyng basshysy baghyndyra bilse de jetkilikti. Az júrttyng basshysy baghyn­dyrumen qosa baghyna da biluge tiy­is­ti. Baghynu baghyndyrudan әldeqayda qiyn".

Elen-alang - tannyng bozghyl tartyp ata bastaghan túsy. Biraq әli tónirek týgel ashylyp bolmaghan. Orys-qazaq qatynas­tarynyng negizi salynghanmen, qazaq eli ýshin әli kóp nәrse júmbaq, kýdikti edi. Tang belgisi onyng kelesheginen ýmit kýtuge dәmelendirgendey. Ábish romanynyng aty oqyrman oiyna osyny salady.

"Ýrkerdegi" suretkerlik, jazushy mashyghy, obraz jasaudyng ýlgisi "Elen-alanda" da sol kýiinde saqtalghan.

Ábish tili bay, obrazdy, oily. Onyng suretteri de jarqyn, naqty.

Ábish romandary shyn maghynasyndaghy halyqtyq tuyndy. Olar - oinap emes, oilap oqylatyn kitaptar. Olarda suretteletin tarih sabaghy negizinen bizge adamgershilik taghylymyn úsynady. Jazushy tarihy faktini parasatty taldaudan ótkize alghan. Sol arqyly tútas bir kezenning әleumettik bolmys-bitimin, psihologiyasyn, sayasy jaghdayyn, qayshy­lyqtary men qayghysyn filosofiya­lyq terendikpen kórsetken. Sondyqtan "Ýrker" men "Elen-alan" - Ábish Kekil­baevtyng ghana emes, qazaq romanynyng ýlken tabysy bolyp sanalady.

Basqa da qalam iyeleri siyaqty Ábish te shygharmashylyq ómirin ólennen bastaghan. Keyin basqa janrlargha, әsirese prozagha auysa jýrip te mezgil-mezgil óleng jazghan, kónil kýiin óleng joldarymen órnektegen. Áli de ol minezinen tanghan joq.

Alghashqy ólenderi 1962 jyly "Altyn shuaq" atty jinaq bolyp basylghan. Jastyq sezim biylegen jastyng zamanynyng beynesi - búl. Dýniyening jarqyn jaghy aqyndy quantyp, onyng kókiregine núr qúyady, shabytyna shabyt qosady. Ol kýn sayynghy janalyqqa ýmit artady. Aygha úshqan úrpaqtyng sózin sóilep, jer-anasyna tabynady. "Dýnie auasy jylyndy" dep quanady. Onyng obrazdary da ómirding osy jarqyn suretterinen alynady. Ol obrazdar bir-birine tirek bop, dýniyeni jarqyratyp túrghan tirshilikting jaryspaly (parallelizmdi) suretterin qúraydy. Qyz qyzghaldaq tersin dep, kýn oghan núr sepse, Jer qúlpyra bersin dep, adam ashy terin tógedi. Aqyn, әsirese, adam enbegine zor mәn beredi. Ol - kәri jerdi jasartyp jýrgen baghban enbeginen, adam qolynyng kýshimen atqa­rylghan tirshilik suretterinen tanylady.

Jinaqta Ábish basynan keshken balalyq shaqtyng Úly Otan soghysy kezindegi auyr suretterin eske alugha arnalghan birsypyra óleng bar. Olar úrys dalasynan qaytpaghan әke men zamannyng auyrtpalyghyn kótergen ananyng jarqyn beynesin zor kórkemdikpen, oishyldyq­pen, syrshyldyqpen ashugha qúrylghan. Onda әkeni saghynu sezimi basym. Ol oily suretke týsken. Múnda da aqyndyq paral­leli mol. "Kóp tórge ilinse de súr shiyneli­der, Tek qana bizding tórge ilinbedi... Ózge ýide kýlimdegen jomart baqyt, Tek qana bizding ýige ýnilmedi...Ózge ýide toydyng әni sharyqtasa, Bulyghyp qayghy uyna biz jyladyq" - degen joldar búghan dәlel.

Ábishting suretkerligin bayqatatyn ólenderining kóbi tabighatqa, tughan dala beynesin tanytugha arnalghan. Olardyng suretteri naqty obrazdardan túrady. Qys ("Eki betti qyzartyp, jiberdi tartyp jaghymnan"), kýz ("Kýlmeydi kýmis búlaq, búiyghynqy, kýndegi minezi joq, jasyp aqty.... Alqaptyng balbyraghan shalghyny joq, ornynda kók sýmelek múz qalypty") beynelerin suretke týsirgen aqyn jazghy týndi, kógildir aspandy, aspandaghy ay suretterin adam tirshiligimen úshtastyra beyneleydi. Óleng órnekteri men kórkem beynelerden alynatyn lәzzat, oqyrman­dy oigha bóleytin tanymdyq talgham men odan tuatyn tobyqtay týiin - bәri de jarasym tabady. 20-dan jana asqan jas jigitting (jinaghy shyqqanda Ábish 23 jasta ghana bolatyn) búl saladaghy izdenisteri onyng bolashaghyn aiqyndaghany dausyz. Onymen tústas jas aqyndardyng kóbi-aq búl jasta onday biyikke kóterile almaghany anyq.

1999 jyly Ábishting "Dýnie ghapyl" atty ekinshi jinaghy shyqty. Oghan kezinde basylmay, "Kóne dәpter" betinde qalghan ólenderi men (1959-1969 jyldar arasynda jazghandary) "Jana dәpterden" atty (1980-1999 jyldar) keyingi jyrlary kirgen. Búl shygharmalar aqynnyng oi-tanymynyng keneygenin, búrynghyday ómir tynysyn qyzyqtamay, әr qúbylysqa oy kózimen qaraugha úmtylysyn bayqatady. Suretteu qúraldaryn paydalanu men shyndyqty obrazben tanu qalpyn ol tolyqtyra týsedi, "Gýl dýkeni", "Tughan jer", "Shynyrau", "Almatyda jazdygýni bulivarda" siyaqty ólenderi aqynnyng tabighatty tanu men beyneleuding sәtti kórinisterine jatady. Múndaghy suretter týgeldey obrazdardan tanylady.

Al qyrdyng janbyr shayghan etegining kórinisi kózge suret bolyp elesteydi. Jelinsau búlt - búryn qoldanylmaghan tirkes. "Tughan jerde" aqynnyng ózi tuyp-ósken dalagha degen sezimi júmsaq ta tapqyr suretteledi.

Almaty kýzining suretin oqyp kóreyikshi:

 

Terekter de júldyrypty kekildi,

Tauda túman tastan tasqa sekirdi.

Kýz jauyny tyrsyldaydy

jer shúqyp,

Jem izdegen jetim shóje sekildi.

 

Sabapty jel qayyndy kók josa qyp,

Jayratypty qyzyl gýldi qosa atyp.

Sary japyraq túra bermey bútaqta

Jatyr ornyn jana býrge bosatyp

 

Múnday izdenis izderi aqyn ólenderi­ning kóbine tәn. "Týrkistan" óleninde búryn kórmegen qalagha qúmartyp "qashan ghana kórinedi saraylar" dep kele jatqan jolaushy aldynan japyrayghan alasa ýiler kóringenin aita kelip, "Jatyr qala jer-anasyn qúshaqtap" dep qorytady. Mola túsynan ótken aqyn "Astynda ómir degen bәiterektin, jatyr san jelmen úshqan japyraghy" deydi. "Syranyng kóbigindey shaypau dýniye" - dýniyening aldamshy, opasyzdyghyn beyneleydi. "Ýmit jýgin arqalaudan kónilding de beli taldy", "Ótip jatyr, ótip jatyr mýlgip kýn, sekildi bir tútqyndardyng saptary", "Ómir әnin ynyldaymyz qúlyqsyz, kәri qyzben qaljyndasqan siyaqty", "Taghdyr degen tósekte ótemin de dónbekship" degen tirkesti beyneler ómirdi tanudaghy jana suretter.

"Jana dәpterdegi" ólenderinde osy saryn terendey týsedi. Oghan kirgen ólender jazylghan kezde Ábish jazushy­lyghy da, qayratkerligi de tolysqan, adamdyq, azamattyq beynesi qalyptasyp, elge tanylghan. Eski qoghamdyq jýie qúlap, tәuelsizdik әli ornyghyp ýlgermey dýnie abyr-sabyr bolyp jatqan tús. Suretker adamnyng búl kezde tirshilikting osynday kýiine kóz salmay, oilanbay otyra almaytyny belgili. Búl dәpter Ábishting osynday tústa oiyn, tolghanysyn óleng joldaryna tókkenin kórsetedi.

Ótken ómir, uaqyt syry jayly tolgha­na otyryp aqyn ómirding bylghanyshty jaghyna nazar audarady. Onyng shyndyghy ruhyn taza ústap, "peri jaylap alghan jer ýstinde" perishte bop jýrgen lirikalyq keyipkerding oiymen, sezimimen qoryty­lady. Dýniyening opasyzdyghyn aqyn "óte shyqty dýnie týski astay bop, sumandaghan suyrday susyl jyldar" beynesimen anghartady. Dýnie gulep ketken - jel de guleydi, el de guleydi. Ne kýle almaysyn, ne jylay almaysyn, bәri de arpalys, alasapyran. Búl - tynyshsyz dýniyening beynesi. Osyny kórip otyrghan aqyn keyde Abaysha tolghap ketedi.

 

Apyray, kórer kózge azaly júrt,

Shetinen pysyghy aram, adaly qyrt.

Aytsang esh, aitpasang kesh, amal qúryp

Janyndy sharasyzdyq barady ýgip.

 

Aqynnyng dýniyening túraqsyzdyghyn qym-quyt jaltyldaq, ekspressivti sózdermen beyneleui de maqúldaudy kerek etedi. "Bas izdegen baltalar shaqúr-shúqyr, Taq izdegen bókseler tapyr-túpyr, Baq izdegen shengelder satyr-sútyr, Joq izdegen jylpostar japyr-júpyr, Biylik qughan danghoylar arsyl-gýrsil, Ayqas, aitys, aptasu apyl-qúpyl", "Jerde atys... tars-túrs. Qústargha da oq tiyedi. Kó­she­de aiqas. Sart-súrt. Jayraghandar sýiegi. Ýide eges, týzde tóbeles. Qalshyldaghan iyegi. Dýnie shirkin qym-quyt. Bilegi kókke bileuli" degen joldar osyny menzeydi. Qoghamdy túraqtandyrugha bóget bolghan osy minezderdi miney, synay otyryp, ol:

Týksiygen qabaq, týnergen janar tizgin alsa týtip jep, Etpey qoymas aqyr týbi qaytadan bizdi bardan joq, - dep kýiinedi. Búl - aqynnyng berekesiz tirshilikpen jýrip, tәuelsizdikti qoldan shygharyp alamyz ba degen qorqynyshy.

Búl oilar Ábish jyrlarynyng әleu­mettik negizi myqty ekenin bayqatady. Ol zamanymen birge quanyp, birge qayghyryp, birge ósken adamnyng ishki oilaryn, sezim kýilerin, jan tebirenisin beyneleydi.

Ábish - últtyq әdebiyetimizding beldi janrlarynyng barlyghynda da belsendi qyzmet istegen qarymdy qalamger. Poeziyalyq, prozalyq tuyndylarymen birge syn janrynda da kóp jazdy. Biraq dramaturgiyagha bara qoyghan joq edi. Alayda ol klassikalyq dramaturgiyany jaqsy bildi, onyng kóp ýlgilerin qazaq tiline audardy. Onyng audarmalarynyng ishinde V.Shekspirding "Romeo men Djuliettasy", "Koroli Liyri", "Korio­lany", G.Ibsenning "Ýreyi", K.Gossiyding "Turanbiyke hanshayymy", M.Frishting "Don Juannyng dumany", L.Darkonyng "Sýiiktim menin, Elektrasy", V.Buero­nyng "Býgin meyram, býgin toyy", M.Kәrimning "Ay tútylghan týni" siyaqty әrtýrli stilidik ýlgiler boldy. Osylardy audaru ýstinde Ábishting drama janrynyng tabighaty men qúpiyasyn zerttep bilgeni haq. "Abylay han" atty piesanyng tuuyna múnyng sebep bolghany dausyz.

Ekinshiden, Ábish búl tústa tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng iri qogham, memleket qayratkerlerining aldynghy leginde belsendi qyzmet istep, biraz shyndaldy. Ol tәuelsizdik alghan kezden Preziydent Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng senimdi serikteri qatarynda bolyp, jauapty qyzmetter atqardy, tәuelsizdikting bas iydeology retinde ony bayandy etuge ýles qosty. Ol jazghan el tarihy men egemendik sanany qalyptastyrugha arnalghan enbekter birinen song biri jaryq kórip jatty. Tәuelsizdik iydeyasy onyng ruhyna sinip, boyyn әbden biylep alghan edi. "Abylay han" atty piesa jazugha qalamgerding baruy boyyna singen, oiyn biylegen osy iske Ábishting tәuekel etui boldy ghoy dep shamalaymyn.

Ábish "Abylay han" piesasyn "halyq­tyq qaharmandyq dramalyq dastan" dep atapty. Búlay atau shygharmanyng býkil ruhynan, onyng mazmúny men jazylu ýlgisinen tuyndaghany sózsiz. Óitkeni, shygharma, qazaq elining tәuelsizdik jolyndaghy kýresterining eng bir sheshushi túsy oqighalaryna qúrylghan. Ol úzaq uaqyt qalmaq shabuyly men jaulaushy­lyghy astynda esengiregen qazaq elining HVIII ghasyrdaghy basqynshylargha qarsy erlik kýresining epopeyasyn jyr etedi. Halyqtyq qorghanystarda batyrlyghymen kózge týsip, el bastaghan Abylaydyng osy joryqtardaghy eren enbegi men basshylyq qyzmeti arqasynda qalmaqtar týbegeyli jenilis tabady. Qazaq jeri basqyn­shylar­dan bir jola tazarady. Osy qoz­gha­lysty bastaghan Abylay beynesin ja­zushy býkil halyqtyng azattyq jolyn­da­ghy tuyna ainaldyrady. Orys otar­shyldyghyna úshyraghan halyqtyng býkil arman-mýddesi týgeldey Abylay túlgha­symen baylanysty­rylyp, onyng sózi men ruhy keyingi dәuir­lerdegi azat­tyq kýresi iydeyasyna qozghaushy kýshke ainalady. Orys biyligi túsynda Abylay atynyng ataluyna tyiym saludyng da negizgi tórkini osynda bola­tyn. Shy­gharmanyng simvoldyq iydeyasy qazirgi tәuelsizdikke qoly jetken qazaq elinin, onyng Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazar­baevtyng osy joldaghy kýresimen jalghasyp jatady.

Piesa jaugershilik zamannyng sipatyn sahnada tanytugha layyqtalyp, basty qaharman beynesin onyng jastyq shaghy, jekpe-jekte qalmaq hanynyng balasy Sharyshty óltirui, qapiyada qolgha týsip, sol hangha pende boluy, elge oralyp han taghyna otyru oqighalaryn negizinde keninen ashyp kórsetedi. Osy kórinister­ding barlyghynda da Abylay azamattyq múratynyng biyiktigimen kórinedi. Onyng Kómey әuliyege ózin tanystyruynan bastap, býkil piesada búl iydeya ashyq jýrip otyrady.

Ábilmansúr qoyypty esimimdi,

Bal men udan búiyrtty nesibemdi.

Qúrsaqtaghy kýnimnen qughyn kórip,

Kýdik-kýmәn terbetti besigimdi.

Tardan tózip jalghannan keng izdedim,

Mezi bolyp dau-shardan jón izdedim.

Qamqa tondy qomshagha aiyrbastap,

Alasúryp, ata júrt, seni izdedim, - deydi ol. Sharyshty óltiru ýstinde osylay kóringen Abylay túlghasy birtindep kýrdelenip, óz múraty jolyndaghy kýreskerlikke úlasady. Qaldan Sherinning tas zyndanynda jatqanda da ol ózining asyl jaratylghan tabighatynan ainymay­dy, namysyna tyrysady. Han qyzy Topysh súlu bergen bostandyqty da qabyl­damaydy. "El jolynda erkek toq­ty­myn, Qúrbandyqqa shalam basymdy" dep el mýddesin biyik qoyady. Aqyry kórshi elmen ómir boyy óshtesip ótuding jolyn tappaghan Qaldan Sherin Abylay aibatynan seskenip, "Tu syrtymnan túra úmtylmay, Qoltyghymnan demer me eken" degen dәmemen Topyshty qosyp, eline qaytarady. Qalmaq hanynyng sheshimining ar jaghynan qazaq jerine iyek artyp kele jatqan orys patshalyghynan seskenip, odaqtas izdeu niyeti angharylmay qalmaydy. Eki elding (ontýstikten kóz alartqan Qy­tay eli taghy bar) ortasynda, eshqaysysy­na da yryq bermey, ózin amal-ayla sayasatymen erkin ústaghan Abylay han sayasaty osylay bastalady. Osy kýreste ol el birligin saqtap, sonyna halqyn ertuge jetedi.

Sóitip, Abylaydyng úly joryghy "Azattyqtyng qamy ýshin, Bolashaqtyng baghy ýshin" bastalady. "Qazaqtyng qayran dalasyn jaghasy jaylau el qylam, qara siraq balasyn basqalarmen teng qylam". "Úrymtalyna is ýiretip, úghymtalyna sóz ýiretip, úitqyly júrt qylam búl eldi", "Bilekke emes, bilikke senetin zaman kelgendey, bilikke sener zamanda eshkimge ese bermedik, Bilikke sener zamanda qapy qalyp jýrmeyik". Osy sózderde qazaqty el qylu turaly ýlken memlekettik, qoghamdyq oilar jatqany týsinikti. Astarly sózben aishyqtalghan, oishyl týiindi qorytqan osy monologtar Abylay armany keshegi shyndyqty anghartqanmen, bizge býgingidey estiledi. Býgingi tәuelsiz elding oi-maqsaty da jatyr múnda. Óleng aralas úiqasty proza ýlgisinde jazylghan piesanyng tili týidek-týidegimen tógiletin sóz oramdaryna bay, tyndarman men oqyrmandy da kórkem sóz nәrimen tamsandyryp, Abylay arqyly berilgen úly iydeyagha baghyndyrady. Abylaydan keyin orys basqynshylaryna úshyraghan eldi bastap kóterilgen Qasym, Kenesary, Syzdyq siyaqty úrpaqtarynyng úranymen jalghasyp, býgingige dem bergendey kórinedi. Piesanyng basqa beyneleri de negizgi iydeyagha baghynyp, tútas bir ansambli qúraydy.

Qazaqtyng últtyq dramaturgiyasynda Jýsipbek Aymauytov bastap jazghan óleng men úiqasty proza tilinde jazylghan shygharmalar dәstýrin keyin joghaltyp alghan siyaqty edik. Ony Múhtar, Ghabiyt, Ábdilda siyaqty qalamgerler paydalan­ghan. Solarmen birge ketkendey osy kórkemdik ýlgi Ábish piesasymen qayta tirilgeni quantady. Tumysynda sheshen, dau men tartystardyng bәrinde biylerding tiline sýiengen dialog, monolog býkil ha­lyq­tyng ruhynan tuyndaytyn edi, Ábish osy­ny tiriltti, әdemi janartty dep bilemiz.

Ábishting synshyldyq, publisistik enbekteri de avtorynyng jan-jaqty bilimdiligin, ómirdi bayypty zerttep, ol jayly keng oilap, tereng tolghaytyn alymdy talantyn moyyndatady. Ol qazaq әdebiyetining ghana emes, halyq tarihynyn, onyng mәdeniyetining asa ýlken bilgiri. Onyng synshyldyq oiy últ әdebiyeti men mәdeniyetine qatysty mәselelermen shektelip qalmaydy, olardy әlemdik ýlgilermen salystyra qarap, biyik talaptar qoiymen tolyghady, qolda bardyng tabysy men olqysy turaly oy úsynady. Ábishti tolghandyr­ghan әlemdik qúbylystar ishinde A.Push­kinnin, L.Tolstoydyn, F.Dostoev­skiydin, A.Chehovtyn, T.Shevchenkonyng jәne taghy basqa klassikterding múralary erekshe oryn alady. Olar jayly maqalalarynda Ábish bizding últtyq sóz ónerimizde jete zerttelmey kele jatqan klassika sabaqtary turaly sóz qozghay­dy, tyng oy aitady. Mysaly, onyng Lev Tolstoy shygharmashylyghy arqyly jalpy әdebiyetting qogham tanytqyshtyq, adam tanytqyshtyq mýmkindikterining molaygha­ny, kýnnen kýnge kýrdelenip bara jatqan әleumettik jәne ruhany bolmystyng eshbir iyirimin qaghys jibermeytini jayyndaghy oilaryn býgingi shyndyqpen salystyruy qyzyqty. Synshy Tolstoy shygharmalarynda qamshynyng órimindey jigi bilinbey jymdasyp ketetin intellektualizm, әleumettik taldau men psihologiyalyq taldau, filosofiya men túrmys kórinis­teri qazirgi shygharmashy­lyq proseste jilik-jilik bolyp bólshek­tenip keteti­nine kónil audarady. "Tek әdebiyetke ghana emes, osy zamanghy kórkemónerding qay týrlerine de qatynasy bar "ishki monolog", "sezim aghymy", "montaj", "qo­saq montaj", "bayandau­dyng subek­tivtendirilui", "kompozisiya erkindigi", "assosiyaly kompozisiya", taghy basqa jana kórkem әdisterding qay-qaysy­synyng da týp-tórkini Tolstoy tvorchest­vosy­nan tabylady", - deydi ol.

Synshy Ábish Abaydyn, Jambyl­dyn, Ahmettin, Súltanmahmúttyn, Sәkennin, Beyimbettin, Iliyastyn, Múh­tardyn, Sәbittin, Ghabit pen Ghabiyden­nin, Qasymnyng shygharmashy­lyghy jayly tolymdy pikirler aitady. Tәken, Tahaui, Ábdijәmil, Oljas, Qaltay, Shynghys siyaqty aghalarymen qatar ózining zamandastary men inileri Qadyr, Túmanbay, Múqaghali, Orazbek, Qayrat, Júmeken, Oralhan, Tólegen shygharma­shy­lyghyn taldaydy. Búryn shiyrlanghan ýlgilerdi qaytalamay, jana sóz, tyng týiin jasaugha úmtylady. Ábishting syn maqalalary qashan da sheberlikting mektebi siyaqty oqylady.

Qazaqtyng kórkem ónerining asa ýlken qayratkerleri Qúrmanghazy, Serke, Ahmet (Júbanov), Roza (Baghlanova), Shәken, Núrmúhan, Asanәli, Ydyrys jayly jazghandaryn oqysan, Ábishti taza óner synshysy dep qalar edin. Ol osylar arqyly әlemdik óner ýlgilerin mengeru­degi qazaq әrtisterining tabystaryn taldap, dәleldep jetkizedi. Oiyna oy qosady, órisindi, tanymyndy keneytedi,

Jazushy, synshy Ábish keyde óner adamdarynda kezdesip qalatyn qyzgha­nysh sezimine boy aldyrmaghan, tabighaty ken, ainalasyna ýlken peyilmen qaraytyn, darhan minezdi túlgha. Býkil әdebiyettin, halyqtyng mýddesine adal qyzmet etetin, jaqsyny quanyp qarsy alatyn jazushynyng kónili әrqashan ashyq. Onyng qalamger aghalary men bauyr­larynyng bәrine jyly kózben qa­rap, maqala arnauy da olardyng shyghar­mashylyq tabysyna quanudan tuady.

Ábishting publisistik maqalalary men jazbalary onyng shygharmashylyghy­nyng kólemdi bóligin qúraydy. Olar әr kezde jazylghan, әr zamannyng súranysy­nan tughan. Ásirese, tәuelsizdik alghan tústa Ábish kóp jazdy. Ol qoghamdyq jýie­ning auysuy kezinde búrynghy ýiren­shikti joldan adasyp, janany týsinuge jete almaghan jerlesterine tәuelsizdikting sózin aitty. Qoghamdyq ózgeristerding zamanyn­da bolatyn psihologiyany tereng taldap, búghan qatysty tarih sabaghy jayynda oily sóz qozghady. Ózining qashanghy әdeti boyynsha qazbalap, oiyn barynsha jetkizuge úmtyldy. "Jas tólge qaraókpe qanday qaterli bolsa, jas tәuelsizdik pen balang demokratiyagha diyk­taturanyng da tap sonday qaterli ekeni ras. Tәuelsizdik alghan kóp memleketting birden órkendep kete almauyna jol-jónekey diktaturagha úrynuynyng qyrsyghy tiyip jatqandyghy da kózge kórinip túrghan aqiqat. Endeshe, múnday әngimege apshymaghan dúrys. Onday dertting aldyn aludyng jay-japsaryn jete topshylaghan dúrys... Sondyqtan tәuelsizdik pen demokratiya taghdyryna tarih aldynda eldegi sayasy elitanyng alghashqy buyny airyqsha jauapty. Eger olar shetinen baqqúmarlyq pen taqqú­mar­lyqtyng dertine shaldyqsa, demokra­tiya men tәuelsizdikti qarang su aldy dey beriniz. Eger olardyng arasynda adam qamyn oilaytyn gumanister men qogham qamyn oilaytyn patriottar basym týsse, tәuelsizdik pen de­mokra­tiya­­nyng da baghy janatyny dausyz", - dep jazdy ol bir maqalasynda. Kenestik, partiyalyq basqaru mektebinen ótken, Tәuelsiz elding túnghysh Preziydenti qa­syn­da úzaq jyl­dar senisip qyzmet istegen, Parlament spiy­keri mindetin de atqarghan, býgingi senator Ábish Kekil­baevtyng demokratty­ghy men tәuelsizdikti bayandy etu jolyn­daghy tabandy kýresi osylay bastalyp qa­lyptasqan. Onyng uaqyttyng eng bir qi­yn tústarynda elmen betpe-bet keluden, halyq mýddesi ýshin kýresuden jasqan­baytyn minezin Jeltoqsan, Jana ózen oqighalary kórsetti. Osynyng bәrine Ábish­­ting eng aldymen, ýlken suretker, zamanynyng zanghar jazushysy retinde ózi ómir sýrgen kýrdeli dәuirding shyndyghyn tereng týsinip, bolashaghyn boljay aluy sebep. Jazushyny da, qayratkerdi de, jalpy adamdy da zamany tudyryp, dәuiri tәrbiyeleydi, ósiredi. Tek adamgha sol zaman, dәuir talaptary dәrejesindegi intellekt kerek. Ábishte ol bar jәne mol.

 

«Egemen Qazaqstan» gazeti, 24.07.2009

 

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