ShOQAN - 190

Dýniyede әdildik pen adaldyqty
 tu etken adamnan artyq eshkim joq», -
Shoqan Uәlihanov.

Shoqan kimge kerek

(23 (10) sәuir qaytys bolghan kýnine oray)

Kirispe

2025 jyly Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng tughanyna 190 jyl tolady. Kezinde Shoqannyng kópshilikke belgisiz ghylymy múralary men ashylmaghan qúpiyalaryn, ómir derekterin odan әri múqiyat zertteu qajettigi turaly E. Bekmahanov, M. Áuezov, Q. Sәtpaev, Á. Marghúlan, S. Múqanov, Gh. Mýsirepov, S. Begaliyn, H. Aydarova, Shota Uәlihanov, D. Qonaev, S. Zimanov, Á. Biysenova, S. Múhtarúly, B. Kómekov siyaqty qazaq ziyalylary aityp ketken.

Alayda, әli kýnge deyin «Shoqantanu» ghylymy kónildi tolyq qanaghattandyratynday dengeyge jetti dep aitugha әli erterek! Ókinishke oray, tek mereytoy qarsanyndaghy ghylymy konferensiyalarda Shoqan jayly birer bayandamalar jasalyp, ghúlama ghalymnyng enbekterin eski sarynmen, azdaghan ghana ózgeristermen qaytalap shygharumen shektelip kelemiz. Osy orayda «Alash ainasy» gazetinde «Shoqan óldi degennen keyin de 10 jyl tiri bolghan...» degen taqyrypqa tarih ghylymynyng doktory, professor Kóshim Esmaghambetov mynaday pikir aitqan eken: «Negizi, Shoqan – óte kýrdeli túlgha. Oghan nýkte qoi әli erte. Ókinishke qaray, bizde «Shoqantanudyn» tikeley sonynda jýrgen adam joq. Degenmen Shyghystanu instituty aldaghy 180 jyldyghyna oray Shoqannyng týpnúsqa enbekterin shygharu jóninde tiyisti mekemelermen kelissózder jýrgizip jatyr. Al songhy shyqqan 6 tomdyq 1985 jylghy núsqadan audarylghan. Biraq ol núsqanyng ózi kezinde kýldibadamdau bolyp shyqqan bolatyn».

Múnday jaghday kózi ashyq, kókiregi oyau últjandy azamattarymyzdy tolghandyrmay qoymaytyny sózsiz. Mysaly, atalmysh mәselege baylanysty elimizding BAQ-da, әleumettik jelilerde, internette týrli maqalalar (keybiri sensasiya-daqpyrt qughany kórinip túrady) jaryq kórude. Olardyng ishinen tek  2010 jyldan beri ghana jariyalanghan birqataryna ghana toqtala ketsek:

- «Shoqan qazasy kisiden bolghan ba?» - jurnalist Serikbay Alpysúly, «Ana tili» gazeti, 2010. 7 qantar;

- «Shoqandy zerttep boldyq pa?» - professor Saghyndyq Ordabekov, TYRKYSTAN.KZ, 2013. 3 mamyr;

- «Shoqan óldi degennen keyin de 10 jyl tiri bolghan...» - alashainasy.kz, 2014. 2 jeltoqsan;

-  «Birtuar Shoqan Uәlihanovty shyndap tany bildik pe?» - jurnalist Jәnibek Ghalym,  tukeystan.kz, 2015. 15 sәuir;

-  «Shoqannyng janyna kimder jerlengen» - jurnalist Serikbol Hasan, aikyn.kz, 2016. 18 mamyr;

- «Shoqan turaly birer sóz» - Jetisulyq aqyn, jazushy, publisist Azamat Aqylbekovting (BAQ-ghy psevdoniymi Azken Altay) «Shoqan - 185» ghylymy konferensiyasynda jasaghan bayandamasy, 2020. 4 jeltoqsan;

- «Shoqan Uәlihanov ghylymy múrasynyng taghdyry jәne oghan jasalghan qiyanattar tarihy» - Madrid jәne әl-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq Últtyq uniyversiytetining professory, tarih ghylymynyng kandidaty Samat Óteniyazov,  «ANA TILI» gazeti, 2021. 5 mamyr.

Búl maqalalardyng ataularynan kórinip túrghanday, әli kýnge deyin «Shoqantanu» salasynda atqarylar isting úshan-teniz ekenin bayqaugha bolady. Al olardy oqy otyryp, jauapsyz súraqtardyng legine kezigesiz.

Bir jaghynan, Shoqan az zerttelmegen siyaqty. Shoqan turaly taqyrypqa qalam tartpaghan tarihshy, jazushy, aqyn, qayratkerler az emes. Olardyng ishinen óz dostary men zamandastary G.N.Potaniyn, F.M.Dostoevskiy, P.P.Semenov, A.K.Geyns, K.K.Gutkovskiy, N.M.Yadrinsev, IY.N.Bereziyn, N.IY.Naumov, G.H.Gasfort, L.S.Berg, N.IY.Veselovskiy, E.Jonvo, F.R.Osten-Saken, G.P.Klemens siyaqty túlghalardy atasaq ta jetkilikti shyghar.

Al Kenes zamanynan beri qazaq ziyalylarynyng ishinde Shoqan turaly Q.Sәtbaev, M.Áuezov, S.Múqanov, Gh.Mýsirepov, S.Begaliyn, Shota Uәlihanov, D.Qonaev, S.Zimanov, Á.Biysenova, S.Múhtarúly, B.Kómekovten bastap kitap, pesa, maqala jazbaghan ghalym, tarihshy, jazushy, aqyn, qayratkerler kemde kem. Biraq, bәrinen de «Shoqantanu» salasyna ataqty ghalym Álkey Marghúlannan artyq eshkim zerttep, enbek sinirmegeni belgili.

Osynshama ghúlamalar men zanghar jazushylardan keyin Shoqan turaly eshqanday beymәlim jayttar nemese jauapsyz súraqtar qaluy mýmkin emes siyaqty kórinedi. Biraq, naqty jaghday mýldem kónil kónshitetindey emes.

Ózimiz Kenes Ýkimeti túsynda Taldyqorghan oblysy Kerbúlaq audany Shoqan kolhozynda erjetip, Shoqan Uәlihanov atyndaghy orta mektepti 1982 jyly bitirgen edik, sondyqtan Úly ghalym turaly birer oi-tolghamdar aitugha qúqylymyz degen oidamyz. Búl auyl manynda qazaq halqynyng túnghysh ghalymy, túnghysh suretshisi, túnghysh Evropalyq bilim alghan shyghystanushysy, foliklorshy, әdebiyetshi, publisist, audarmashy, gumanist, demokrat, filosof Shoqan Shynghysúly Uәlihanov jerlengen (atap otyrghan sebebimiz, qazirgi kýnde basqa pikirlerdi de kezdestiremiz).

Qazirgi uaqytta búl auyl  jekeshelendiruge úshyrap, kolhoz taratylghannan beri resmy týrde Shanhanay dep atalady. Al jergilikti túrghyndar bolsa, auyl atauynyng búlay ózgertilu sebebin әli kýnge deyin týsinbey keledi, biraq bәri osy kýnge deyin bir auyzdan Shoqan auyly dep ataydy. Ókinishke oray, býgingi kýnge deyin jergilikti biylik basyndaghylar túrghyndardyng auylgha Shoqan atyn qaytaru turaly talabymen sanaspay keledi. Reti kelgende aita keteyik, HIH ghasyrdaghy Sh.Uәlihanov, A.Geyns, K.Gutkovskiy, G.Potaniyn, G.Kolpakovskiy, K.Kaufman enbekterinde búl ónirde Tezek auyly otyrdy dep jazylghan.

Bala kýnimizden әuletimizding ýlkenderi men atalarymyzdan, auyl aqsaqaldary men ýzdiksiz kelip-ketip jatatyn ghalym, jazushylardan Tezek Tóre men Shoqan turaly kóptegen әngime-hikayalardy estip óstik.

Solardyng ishinde eng manyzdy hikayalar Shoqannyng 1864 jyly Tezek Tórening auylyna songhy ret kelui jәne sol jerde túraqtauy. Ondaghy oqighalar Tezek tórening Shoqandy qaryndasy Aysaragha ýilendirip, úlan-asyr toy jasap, bólek otau qúryp bergeni, 1865 jylghy sәuir aiynda Shoqannyng qaytys boluy, Tezekting qayghydan qan jútyp, qayghyruy, Shoqandy jerleui, basyna kýmbez túrghyzuy jәne Kókshetaudaghy әkesi Shynghysqa qaraly habardy estirtu ýshin hat jazyp, elding jaqsylarynan habarshylar jiberui tónireginde órbiytin.

Sonymen qatar, jastayymyzdan Shoqan turaly jazylghan kitaptardy oqudan jalyqqan emespiz. Ol zamandaghy mektep pen auyldyq bibliotekalardyng kitap qoryn kózimen kórse, qazirgi jastar tang qalar edi. Odan qalsa, kolhozdyng kózi ashyq adamdarynyng ýilerinde, sol uaqytta milliondaghan tirajben shyghatyn әlemdik әdebiyetting eng ýzdik ýlgileri, Kenes zamany klassikterining tom-tom tandamaly shygharmalary, orys jazushylarynyng kitaptary mindetti týrde arnayy sórede jinalyp túratyn. Sondyqtan bilim-ghylymgha talaptanghan oqushylar izdegen kitabyn onay tauyp alyp, qúmarta oqugha kirisetin.

Biz de kóp oqugha tyrystyq. Ásirese, Shoqan turaly jazylghan kitaptardy shúqshiya oqyp, kerek maghlúmattardy jazyp alatynbyz. Eseye kele, Shoqangha degen qyzyghushylyghymyz arta týspese kemigen joq. Arman quyp Almatyda oqyghan jyldarymyzda da Shoqangha baylanysty basylymdardy qalt jibermeuge tyrystyq. Studenttik kezennen bastap, Shoqannyng san qyrly ómiri men qyzmetine qatysty beymәlim jayttar da qylang bere bastady. Shoqantanushy ghalym bolmasaq ta, shamamyz kelgenshe ony zertteu júmysymen ýzbey ainalysyp kelemiz.

Jalpy maghlúmattar

Ózimizding payymdauymyzsha, Shoqangha baylanysty jәne «Shoqantanu» salasynda qordalanghan mәselelerdi materialdyq jәne ghylymi, ruhany jaghynan qarastyryp, sәikesinshe eki topqa bóluge bolady.

Birinshi materialdyq dýniyelerge baylanysty.

Shoqan jerlengen jerding Kenes zamanynan beri asa bir úqypty kýtusiz kýy keshui. Shoqan jatqan jerdi, eskertkishin, muzeyin kóru ýshin keletin qarapayym halyqtan bastap, tolassyz aghylghan turister, ghalym-jazushylar, mektep oqushylary siyaqty týrli toptardyng sany jyl ótken sayyn arta týsude. Alayda, Shoqan ziratyna kelgen adamgha qajet qarapayym bolsa da dәrethana, qol juatyn oryn, auyz su, dәmhana, avtotúraq, dýken siyaqty eshbir nysan qarastyrylmaghan. Abattandyru júmysy tolyq jýrgizilmegen deuge bolady.

Búl mәseleni osy ólkening tumasy, aqyn, publisist Azamat Aqylbekov 2000 jyldardan beri ýzdiksiz kóterip keledi. Tipti 2010 jyldan beri ghana alsaq, osy mәseleni Azekeng «Últ pen Ruh», «Bolmys», «Tarih talqy» telebaghdarlamalarda basa aityp, BAQ-da ondaghan maqala jariyalady jәne búrynghy Almaty oblysy Kerbúlaq audanynyng әkimine, oblys әkimine, oblystyq mәdeniyet basqarmasyna, Shoqan atyndaghy ghylymy institut basshylyghyna, QR Mәdeniyet jәne sport ministrligine, t.b. qúzyrly memlekettik organdar men mýddeli mekemelerge hattar joldady. Ásirese,       2020 jylghy 4 jeltoqsanda Almaty qalasynda ótken QR Ghylym Akademiyasy úiymdastyrghan «Shoqan - 185» atty Halyqaralyq ghylymiy-tәjiriybelik konferensiyada jasaghan bayandamasy óte әserli bolyp, qoghamnyng belgili tobynda ýlken rezonans tughyzdy.

Sol siyaqty Shanhanay auylynda ornalasqan,  1985 jyly iske qosylghan Shoqannyng «Altynemel» atty memorialdyq muzey ghimaraty da qaytadan kýrdeli jóndeudi jәne ishindegi qordy janghyrtyp, jana ekspozisiya jasaqtaudy qajet etedi. Muzeyding janyndaghy jota ýstinde 1979 jyly boy kótergen Shoqannyng eskertkishi men manayyna tóselgen plitkalardyng keybirining tozyghy jetip te qaldy.

Allagha shýkir, mýmkin Azken Altay siyaqty azamattardyng jan aiqayy «Halyq ýnine qúlaq asatyn»  ýkimetting nazaryna ilingen shyghar, qarausyz qalghan Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng jatqan jerin retke keltiru, memoriyaldyq muzeyin jóndeu mәselesi 2023 jyldan bastap sheshiletin boldy.

Búlay dep nyq senimmen aituymyzdyng sebebi, 2022 jylghy 20 qazanda Memleket basshysy Q.Toqaev janadan qúrylghan Jetisu oblysyna júmys saparymen kelip, Taldyqorghan qalasynda ónir júrtshylyghymen kezdesken edi.

Osy jiyn barysynda oblystyng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq damu ýrdisin saralay kele, ruhaniyat, mәdeniyet salasynyng da manyzdylyghyn eskertip, Taldyqorghan qalasyndaghy jurnalister ýiine Beysen Qúranbekting esimin beru, oblys ortalyghynda Abay Qúnanbaevtyng eskertkishin ornatu, Kerbúlaq audany Shanhanay auylynda ornalasqan Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng memorialdyq muzeyin kýrdeli jóndeuden ótkizu, oghan baratyn joldy jóndep, Shoqan jerlengen jerdi retke keltirip, abattandyru siyaqty mәselelerdi qysqa merzimde sheshu turaly, oghan qarajat bólu turaly naqty tapsyrmalar berdi.

Jyldar boyy qordalanyp, kópshilikting kókeyinde jýrgen mәselelerding biraq sәtte ondy sheshilgeni dýiim júrttyng mereyin ósirip, Preziydentimizge degen rizashylyq sezimin tudyrdy.

Nәtiyjesinde, 2022 jylghy 23 jeltoqsanda jurnalister ýiine Beysen Qúranbekting esimi resmy týrde berildi jәne 2023 jylghy 21 nauryzda Abay Qúnanbaevtyng eskertkishi saltanatty týrde ashyldy.

Sonymen, halyqtyng ruhany súranysyn qanaghattandyru maqsatynda, atalghan ýsh mәselening ekeui tolyq oryndaldy.

Al Shoqan muzeyi men jolyn jóndeu jәne Shoqan jerlengen jerdi abattandyru ýshin respublikalyq budjetten 300 million tengeden astam qarajat bólinip, biylghy jyldyng sәuir aiynan bastap tiyisti júmys qolgha alyndy. Nәtiyjesinde, turisterden aldy bosamaytyn nysannyng jana dәuiri bastalatynyna senimimiz mol.

Eger aldymyzda kele jatqan 2025 jyly Shoqannyng tughanyna 190 jyl tolatynyn eskersek, búl sheshimdi Preziydentimiz Q.Toqaev terennen oilastyryp, qabyldaghanyn týsinuge bolady.

Sonymen, Shoqangha qatysty materialdyq dýniyeler mәselesi ondy sheshimin tapty.

Al ekinshi mәsele – ghylymy enbekterine, ruhany dýniyelerge baylanysty dep aityp óttik. Shoqangha qatysty qúpiyalardyng sheshimin kәsiby tarihshylar men mýmkin bolashaqta suyrylyp shyghar Shoqantanushylardyng enshisine qaldyra otyryp, osy uaqytqa deyin shamamyz kelgenshe ózimiz jýrgizgen zertteulerge, el auzyndaghy әngimelerge sýiene otyryp, Shoqandy kim jerlegen, naqty jerlengen jeri, basyna ornatylghan kýmbezder men belgitasy,  ziratynyng qayta ashyluy jәne basqa jerge auystyryluy siyaqty mәselelerdi ghana tarqatyp kórudi jón sanadyq.

Ol ýshin sәl tarihy sheginis jasap, Shoqan ómirining songhy kezenine oralu qajet. Qysqasha aitsaq, Shoqan 1864 jyldyng kýzinde atalas tuysy,  Jetisudyng agha súltany Tezek Tórening auylyna keledi.

Búl jerde Shoqan men  Tezek Tórening alghash ret betpe-bet kezdesip, tanysulary 1854 jyly oryn alghan dep payymdaytynymyzdy aita ketu qajet. Sebebi, sol jyly Shoqan polkovnik K.K.Gutkovskiyding Ombydan shyqqan shaghyn әskery ekspedisiyasy qúramynda alghash ret Qapal bekinisine kelgen. (Valihanov Chokan Sobranie sochiyneniy. Tom1. – izd. – Almaty: Izdatelistvo «Alatau», 2014, 69 bet), (Chokan Valihanov y sovremennosti: Sbornik materialov Vsesoiznoy nauchnoy konferensii, posvyashennoy 150-letii so dnya rojdeniya Ch.Ch.Valihanova – Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1988, 224 bet).

Al agha súltan Tezek Tóre de qyzmet babymen Qapalgha jii baryp túrghan. Tómendegi Tezek Tórening belgili suretin Shoqan sol joly, yaghny 1854 jyly nemese kelesi jyly Jetisugha G.Gasfortpen birge kelgende salghan boluy mýmkin. Óitkeni 1821 jyly dýniyege kelgen Tezek Tóre 1854-1855 jyldary sәikesinshe 33-34 jasta desek, surettegi týri de soghan say keledi.

Biraq, Shoqannyng 2018 jylghy Almaty qalasynda «Alatau» baspa-poligrafiyalyq korporasiyasy shygharghan shygharmalar jinaghynyng 4 tomynyng 133 betinde túrghan dәl osy suretting astynda «Portret Tezeka. Karandash.    1865 g. Riys. Ch.Valihanova» degen jazu bar ekenin de aita ketemiz jәne búl jyly Tezek Tóre 44 jasta ekenin eskere otyryp, búl datany qate dep esepteymiz.

Shoqan Uәlihanov salghan Tezek Tórening sureti.

Negizi Shoqan Tezek Tóre turaly bala kýninde әkesi Shynghystan estip, keyin Omskide K.Gutkovskiyden (1815-1867) súrap, bilui de әbden mýmkin. Óz kezeginde K.Gutkovskiy Shoqandy óte jaqsy kórgeni, Omskidegi ýiine jii shaqyryp túrghany jәne 1850 jyldary Úly jýz qazaqtaryn basqaru basqarmasynyng basshysy bolyp, Qapalda qyzmet atqarghany belgili.

K. Gutkovskiyding 1850 jylghy 11 mayda Tezek Tóreni Alban-Suan rularynyng agha súltany (key derekterde Úly Jýzding agha súltany) lauazyma taghayyndau jayly Batys  Sibir general-gubernatory  knyazi  G.Gorchakovqa jazghan tómendegi  raporty saqtalghan:

«Agha súltan Hakimbek qaytys bolghannan keyin, Alban bolystaryna basshylyq jasau Hakimning ómirining songhy jyldarynda-aq barlyq isterimen  ainalysa bastaghan Tezek súltannyng qolyna kóshti. Qaytys bolghan súltannyng balalary, olardyng eng ýlkeni Dýrәli 16 jasta, onyn  bauyrlary men tuysqandary  Tezekke baghynady. Eger ony Ombygha shaqyryp, jeke kezdesetin bolsanyz, Joghary mәrtebelim, onyng aqyly men qyzmetine ózinizdin  kóziniz jetedi. Albandardyng biyleri maghan Tezekti agha súltan etip taghayyndau jóninde ótinish bildiredi. Hakimbekke Albandar jәne Suandar baghynyshty bolatyn, biraq men Qapalgha kelgennen keyin, Qytay shekarasynda kóship-qonatyn Suandardyng súltany Adamsat Ibaqov menen ózining bolystaryna Albandardan bólek jeke basshylyq jasaugha rúqsat etuimdi jazbasha týrde súrady. Jalpy  jaghday belgisiz bolghandyqtan jәne múnday rúqsat beruge ózimdi qúqyly sanamaghandyqtan men Adamsattyng ótinishin oryndaudan bas tarttym. Suandar men Albandar arasyndaghy osy kiykiljing Hakimbekting ornyna Agha súltandy taghayyndauda qiyndyq tughyzady, biraq olardyng birinshisi Qytaydyng shekarasynda ornalasqan, al ekinshilerining Tezekten jәne Hakimning tuysqanynan aqyly men jasy halyqty basqarugha jetetin basqa súltandary joq. Joghary Mәrtebelim, Albandardyng agha súltandyghyna Tezek Núraliyevti taghayyndasaq, súltandargha bizding atymyzdan yqpal etuge onyng aqyly men yqpaly jetetindigi paydaly bolar edi. Qytaylyqtarda Tezek súltangha óz isteri boyynsha qatynasady jәne ekspedisiya uaqytynda jolserik bolghan búl súltan eshqanday kýdik tughyzghan joq (RF OOMM. 366 qor, 1-tizbe, 236-is)».

1850 jyly Tezek Tóre Batys -Sibir general-gubernatory  G.Gorchakovtyng búiryghymen  Úly Jýzding agha súltany bolyp taghayyndalghan jәne «Yntalylyghy ýshin» degen altyn medalimen marapattalghan (A. Aqylbekov, «Tezek Tóre» - Taldyqorghan, «Ofset» baspahanasy, 2013 jyl, 77 bet). Búl sheshim K.Gutkovskiyding raportynyng negizinde qabyldanghan boluy da mýmkin. Osy raportqa sәikes, Tezek Tóre Ombygha shaqyrtylyp, Batys-Sibir general-gubernatory  G.Gorchakovtyng qabyldauynda boluy jәne sol saparynda Shoqangha jolyghuy da әbden mýmkin! Eger olay bolsa, Shoqan men Tezek tórening kezdesip, jeke tanysulary 1850 jyly oryn alghan dep aitugha bolady (búl boljam arhiv dokumenterin qosymsha zertteudi qajet etedi).

Tezek Tóre óz kezeginde auylyna әbden sharshap, shaldyghyp, qajyp, auyryp kelgen Shoqangha barlyq jaghday jasap, demaluyn qadaghalaydy. Keyinirek, ózining qolynda ósken, biraq aghasy Kóshen tórening qyzy - Aysaragha ýilendirip, úlan-asyr toy jasap, jastargha bólek otau tigip beredi. Biraq Shoqannyng ghúmyry qysqa bolyp, eski stili boyynsha 1865 j. sәuirding   10-y, jana stili boyynsha 23-de qaytys bolady (Búl data birqatar derekterde kezdesedi, mysaly Azattyq gazetining tilshisi Aleksey Nazarov Shoqan muzeyin baryp kórgennen keyin, 2016. 23 sәuirde jariyalaghan maqalasynda jazghan). Sonymen qatar, Shoqan 1865 jyly 4 sәuirde qaytys boldy degen jazbalar da kezdesedi.

Biz estigen el auzyndaghy әngimelerde Tezek Tóre janynday jaqsy kórgen Shoqandy óz qolymen jerlegen. Eger olardyng ondaghan jyl boyy tuystyq, ózara syilasymdyq qarym-qatynasta bolghanyn eskersek, osy auyzsha derek dúrys shyghar dep oilaymyz. Al Kolpakovskiy kelip jerledi degen qazirgilerding key pikirlerin jalghan, sensasiyaquushylyq dep esepteymiz (general, nemese basqa orys chinovniyk-әskeriyleri kelgen bolsa, onday oqigha el auzynda saqtalyp, tiyisti raporttar bolar edi!). Taghy bir aita ketetin jaghday, ol uaqytta Kolpakovskiy Vernyidan Semipalatinsk oblysy qúrylyp, soghan gubernatorlyqqa taghayyndalyp jatqan, Shoqandy da sonda shaqyrghan. Shoqannyng Kolpakovskiyge 1865 jylghy 19 aqpanda jәne әkesi Shynghysqa jazghan songhy hattary arhivte bar.

Sonymen, Tezek Tórening Shoqandy qalay jerlegeni turaly aqsaqaldar aitqan esimizde qalghan mynaday әngimelerdi keltiruimizge bolady.

Shoqan qaytys bolghannan keyin, ony qayda, qalay jerleu turaly mәsele talqylanady. Sol jiyndy Tezek Tóre qorytyndylay kele bylay degen eken: «Týbinde, tiri jan iyesining ólimning ashy dәmin tatatyny haq. Dәm-túzymyz tausylghan shaqta bәrimiz de ketermiz. Qazir mine 15 jyldan astam el basqaryp, han atanghan men de, basqa da súltandar men batyrlar, baylar men biyler, barshamyz da  kómilermiz. Biraq bizding artymyzdan izdeushiler bola ma, bolmay ma bilmeymin. Al myna jatqan Shoqan, búl jalghyz qazaqtyng ghana erekshe jaratylghan, asa daryndy, ghúlama balasy emes, býkil adamzattyng Úly túlghasy. Múnyng artynan izdeushileri mindetti týrde bolady. Aldymyzda qiiy ketken, qiyn zaman kele jatyr. Odan aman qalghan keyingi úrpaq uaqyt óte kele Shoqannyng molasyn joghaltyp almay, dәl tauyp aluy qajet.

Sondyqtan, bolashaqta keler úrpaq Shoqannyng ziratyn joghaltyp almas ýshin, onyng ýsh belgisin oilastyrdym. Birinshi, Shoqannyng beyitin «Kóshen toghandaghy» tóreqorymda, Eraly súltannyng mazarynyng tura týbinen qazudy búiyrdym. Sebebi, Úly babamyz Abylaydyng qaraqalpaq begining qyzy Sayman degen әielinen Uәli, Shynghys, Ádil jәne Esim degen tórt úly tughan. Sol Uәly Shoqannyng atasy bolsa, Eraly men mening әkem Núraly Ádilding balalary. Ózdering bilesinder, әkem Núraly búl jerden asa alys emes, Altynemel tauynyng baurayynda jerlengen. Shoqandy osynda, Eraly atasynyng janyna jerleymiz. Eralynyng kýmbezi qysh kirpishten soghylghan, biyik, enseli, eger bireuler qastandyqpen qasaqana qiratpasa, talay zaman qúlamay túrar. Sonyng týbinen Shoqannyng beyitin tabugha bolady. Mine búl birinshi belgisi.

Ekinshi, Shoqannyng denesin jer qoynauyna tapsyrghan keyin, aqymyn kýidirilgen qysh kirpishtermen qalap shyghamyz. Búl kirpishter topyraqtyng astynda búzylmay jatady. Eger, Shoqannyng beyitin izdegen adamdar, kýmandanatyn bolsa, osy kirpishterge deyin ashyp, kóz jetkizulerine bolady.

Ýshinshi belgisi, taudan jasyl arsha bútaqtaryn arnayy aldyryp qoydym, astyna sony tóseymiz. Ol da jer astynda búzylmaydy. Jәne Shoqannyng әskery kiyimin de birge kómermiz. Uaqyt óte kele Shoqannyng osynda jerlengenin naqty dәleldeu qajet bolatyn bolsa, osy belgiler arqyly kóz jetkizuge bolady. Barsha júrtqa osylay habarlandar. Atadan balagha aityp jýrsin, este saqtasyn»...

El auzyndaghy búl әngime naqty qalpynda jetken bolsa, Tezekting aqyldylyghy men kóregendigin kórsetedi emes pe? Ol kisi boljaghanday, keyingi Kenes dәuirinde jýz jylgha jetpes uaqytta, jerlengen oryn turaly kýman, teris pikirler shyqqan! 1945-1949 jyldary bir top ghalymdar kelip, Shoqannyng ziratyn ashyp, zerttegen degen mәlimet kezdesedi. Oghan sebep, 1945 jyly bireuler Shoqannyng basyna qoyylghan mәrmәr tasty tauyp alyp, el-júrtqa habarlaghan degen әngime bar.  Mýmkin, kelgen top  Á.Marghúlannyng arheologiyalyq ekspedisiyasy bolar? Bizge búl jaghy әzirshe belgisiz.

Odan keyin, Kenes ýkimeti zamanynda, shamamen 1956-58 jyldary Sәbit Múqanov bastaghan memlekettik komissiya kelip, Shoqannyng ziratyn izdegen eken. Óz betterimen taba almaghan son, auyl aqsaqaldaryna jýginip, solardyng kómegimen tapqan deydi. Búl isting basy qasynda bizding tughan atamyz Altay Aqylbekúly (1910 - 1988) da bolyp, atsalysqan. Reti kelgende aita ketu kerek, atamyzdyng atasy Saghyndyq sol qorymda, tura Shoqanmen qatar jerlengen.

Shoqan ziraty turaly

Qolda bar derekterdi saralay kele jәne el auzyndaghy әngimelerdi de eskere otyryp, Shoqannyng mazary kem degende alty mәrte kóterilip, ziraty janghyrtylghan dep boljaugha bolady (El óz úlyn úmytpaydy degen osyndaydan shyqqan bolar).

Birinshisi, 1865 jylghy sәuir aiynda Shoqan qaytys bolghannan keyin, kóp úzamay Tezek Tóre onyng basyn qysh kirpishpen tórtbúryshtap qalatyp qoyady.

Ekinshisi, 1865 jyly qazan aiynda Tezek tórening auylyna Kókshetaudan sәn-saltanaty jarasqan keruenmen kelgen Shoqannyng inisi Jaqyp, «...keyin tynghylyqty dayyndalyp kelip ýlken kýmbez túrghyzarmyz...» dep, jergilikti ústalardy jaldap, Tezek Tórening shymnan qalatqan zirattyng tóbesin aghashpen jauyp, ishine kiretin aghash esik ornatady. Aghash esikting syrtyna Shoqannyng aty-jónin jazdyryp qoyady. Odan keyin, Shoqannyng jesiri Aysarany ózimen birge alyp, qaytyp ketedi. Ol keruendi, Jetisugha kelgenderdi orystyng ghalymy A.Geyns kózimen kórgeni, Jaqyppen sóileskeni turaly ózi jazyp ketkeni belgili.

Búl aghash mazar turaly N.Potanin «Biograficheskie svedeniya o Chokane Valihanove» degen enbeginde «Nad ego mogiloy byl postroen derevyannyy pamyatnik vrode mecheti» dep jazghan ((Uәlihanov Shoqan. Sobranie sochiyneniy. Tom 5. – 3-e izd./ Sostaviyteli: B.E.Kumekov, V.N.Nastich, V.K.Shuhovsev. – Almaty: Izdatelistvo «Alatau», 2018, 530, 434 better).

Sonymen qatar, búl aghash mazar turaly «Turkestanskaya tuzemnaya gazeta» degen gazette maqala jariyalanghan. Onda Shoqannyng ziraty óte nashar ekeni, qysh kirpishten salynghany, oghan aghash esik ornatylghany, ary ketse 5-6 jylda qúlap qaluy mýmkin ekeni, ony 1867 jyly Koyankóz beketining túsynan ótip bara jatqan Týrkistannyng general-gubernatory Kaufmannyng óz kózimen kórip, qatty renjigeni jәne Shoqannyng basyna tez arada dәrejesine say biyik kýmbez ornatyp, mәrmәrdan qashalghan qúlpytas qoiy turaly tapsyrma bergeni jazylghan (Uәlihanov Shoqan. Sobranie sochiyneniy. Tom 5. – 3-e izd./ Sostaviyteli: B.E.Kumekov, V.N.Nastich, V.K.Shuhovsev. – Almaty: Izdatelistvo «Alatau», 2018, 530, 531 better).

Ýshinshisi, jogharyda bayandalghan oqighadan keyin General-gubernator K.Kaufmannyng tapsyrmasy boyynsha qazynadan qajetti qarajat bólinedi de, kópshiligi orys qúrylysshylar dereu iske kirisip, qysqa merzim ishinde Shoqannyng basyna syrtqy pishini hristiandardyng shirkeuine úqsas, jana kýmbez túrghyzady. Búl kýmbezding suretin G.Potanin 1867 jyly qaryndashpen salyp, astyna «Mogila Chokana Valihanova» dep jazyp qoyghan (Valihanov Chokan. Sobranie sochiyneniy. Tom 1. – 3-e izd. – Almaty: Izdatelistvo «Alatau», 2014,  62, 65 better).

Eng qyzyghy, osy kýmbez jóninde S.Múqanovta bylay jazylady: «Shoqannyng tamy: esigi, terezesi, tóbesi, batys jaq tóbesindegi múnarasy, onyng basynda aiy bar, uaqytynda kórkem kýmbez bolghan. Jyldar óte kirpishin jauyn-shashyn shayghan, kýmbezi ketilip, qabyrghalary opyrylyp, biraz qúlaghan. Bertin, auyl sharuasy kolhozdanghan kezde, Kóshentughanda otyrghan auyldar, Shoqan kómilgen ziratqa jaqyn túsqa qonys sap, kolhozdyng atyn «Shoqan» qoyghan, qabyr tóniregine shiyki kirpishten tórt qabyrghaly, tóbesi ashyq jay ornatqan». (Múqanov Sәbiyt. Jarqyn júldyzdar. Tandamaly shygharmalar; On altynshy tom, - Almaty. «Jazushy», 1980, 89 bet).

Óz tarapymyzdan qosarymyz, S.Múqanov búl jerde eki qatege boy aldyrghan. Birinshi, Kóshentughan dep qate jazady, dúrysy Kóshentoghan. Ol jerde Kóshen tórening basshylyghymen toghan túrghyzylyp, egin suarugha arnalghan aryqtar qazylghan bolatyn. Aryqtardyng súlbasy osy kýnge deyin anyq kórinip jatyr (A. Aqylbekov, «Tezek Tóre» - Taldyqorghan, «Ofset» baspahanasy, 2013 jyl, 84 bet). Sonday aq, ol aryqtardy kezinde N.Pantusov ta kórip, tómendegi maqalasynda jazyp ketken. Ekinshi, búl kórkem kýmbez qúlaghannan keyin, «Shoqan» kolhozy qúrylghan jyldary tórt qabyrghaly, tóbesi ashyq jay ornatylghan degen qate jazba, sebebi, S.Múqanov ózi surettegen kórkem kýmbez de, sapasyz salynghandyqtan kóp úzamay qirap qalghan. Onyng sebebi, kýmbezdi salghan qúrylysshylar qazynadan bólingen qarjynyng basym bóligin úrlap alady da, eshkim bilmey qalady degen oimen, sapasyz kirpishterden túrghyzyp, syrtyn balshyqpen sylap tastaydy. Biraq, búl jaghday G.Kolpakovskiyge belgili bolyp qalady. Ol kóp oilanbay, kýmbezdi salghan qúrylysshylargha ondyrmay dýre soqtyrady da, shara qoldanu ýshin Tashkent qalasyna, K.Kaufmangha aidatyp jiberedi. Óz kezeginde, K.Kaufman olardy Sibirge jer audaryp jiberedi de jana eskertkish (mazar) túrghyzylsyn degen tapsyrma beredi.

Sondyqtan, S.Múqanov jazghanday, kórkem kýmbez qúlap qalghannan keyin, tek «Shoqan» kolhozy qúrylghan tústa, yaghny 1930 jyldary Shoqannyng ziraty shiyki kirpishtermen qorshalyp, tóbesi ashyq jay túrghyzyldy degeni shyndyqqa say kelmeydi (bizding oiymyzsha auyl adamdary shamalary kelgenshe kirpishterin jinastyryp, rettep qoyghan bolar). Sebebi, búl eki qúrylystyng arasynda tómendegi surettegidey, taghy bir mazar Kaufmannyng songhy tapsyrmasy boyynsha salynghan. Mýmkin sol kezde S.Múqanovta búl maghlúmat bolmaghan shyghar dep oilaymyz.

Al K.Kaufman tapsyrghan qúlpytas qajetti aq týsti mәrmәr tastyng jaqyn manaydan tabylmauy sebepti, óte úzaq uaqyttan keyin, yaghny 10 jyldan astam merzimde әreng dayyn bolady da, Shoqannyng basyna tek 1881 jyly ghana ornatylady (A. H. Margulan. Ocherk jizny y deyatelinosty Ch. Ch. Valihanova. Opublikovano v «Ch. Ch. Valihanov. Sobranie sochiyneniy v pyaty tomah» (1984-1985 gg., Glavnaya redaksiya Kazahskoy sovetskoy ensiklopedii, t. I).

Qúlpytastaghy jazudy Polishadaghy kóteriliske qatysqany ýshin Vernyy bekinisine jer audarylghan polyak aqsýiegi Leopolid Lastovsky qashap jazghan. 1989 jyly qúlpytas Shoqannyng «Altynemel» atty memorialdyq muzeyine ornalastyryldy, al zirat basyna onyng kóshirmesi qoyyldy.

Tórtinshisi. Jogharyda syrtqy týri shirkeuge úqsaghan mazardyng sapasyz salynghany, kóp úzamay qúlap qalghany, qúrylysshylardyng jazalanghandary jәne K.Kaufmannyng qaytadan jana mazar salu turaly tapsyrma bergenin aityp óttik.

Sonymen, Shoqannyng basyna kezekti taghy bir mazar túrghyzu isi qolgha alynady. Búl  mazar shamamen 1868 - 1870 jyldary túrghyzylghan dep boljaugha bolady. Onyng qúrylysyna K.Kaufmannyng qalauymen ataqty arhiytektor Paveli Matveevich Zenkov atsalysqan degen derek bar.

Sonymen qatar, osy mazardyng qúrylysyna 1868-1869 jyldary Tezek Tóre, Músa Shormanov jәne Shynghys arnayy jibergen adamdar da atsalysuy mýmkin dep joramaldaymyz. (S.Múhtarúly, «Shoqan jәne óner», Almaty, Óner – 1985, 136 bet).

Qalay bolghanda da, búl Shoqan ziratynyng basyna kóterilgen songhy mazar edi. Mýmkin atalmysh túlghalardyng atsalysqany sebepti, óte enseli, sәuletti, tóbesindegi domalaq kýmbezi jarasymdy, arhiytekturasy kelisken mazar bolghan. Búl sózimizding dәleli retinde osy mazardy 1871 jyly arnayy kelip kórip ketken K.Kaufmannyng óte riza bolghanyn aitugha bolady.

Keyinnen, búl mazar fotosuretke de týsirilgen. Ony týsirgen Jetisu ólkesining әskery gubernatorynyng erekshe tapsyrmalar jónindegi sheneunigi, ghalym, shyghystanushy, etnograf Nikolay Nikolaevich Pantusov. Ol 1898 jylghy 1 tamyzda mazardy eki ret suretke basyp alghan. Ol uaqytta mazar túrghyzylghannan beri 30 jylgha juyq uaqyt ótken edi. Tómendegi sol eki suretten mazardyng kýn men jeldin, jauyn-shashynnyng әserinen әbden mýjilip, kýmbezi opyrylyp qalghanyn bayqaugha bolady.

Mazardyng nashar jaghdayy turaly N.Pantusov «Mogila Chokana Valihanova, bliz stansiy Kuyankuzskoy, Kopaliskogo uezda» atty myna maqalasynda jazghan.

Búl maqala 1899 jyly Tashkentte jaryq kórgen eken. Onyng qazaqsha mazmúnyn (A.A. «Shoqan turaly birer sóz»; jurnalist Serikbol Hasan) keltireyik.

«Mogila Chokana Valihanova» maqalasynda Nikolay Pantusov: «Búl mazargha men 1898 jyldyng 1 tamyzynda bardym. Mazar poshta jolynyng sol jaghynda ornalasqan (Qoyankóz stansiyasynan Altyn-Emel stansiyasyna qaray jýrgende), Qoyankózding 5-inshi stansiyasynan ótken kezde joldan kórinedi. Mazar biyik tóbede ornalasqan, ainalasynda qazaqtardyng egindik jerleri bar, aryqtar aghyp jatyr. Sondyqtan ol jerge atpen ghana jetuge bolady. Shoqannyng mazary kóptegen qazaq súltandarynyng molalarynyng ortasynda túr. Mazarlardyng bәri de eski, qúlaghaly túr, eshqanday jóndeu kórmegen. Shoqannyng mazarynyng tórt baghany bar, saman kirpishten soghylghan. Osy tórt baghannyng ýstine kýmbez qoyypty. Ókinishtisi, qazir kýmbezding júrnaghy da joq. Ábden mýjilip, qúlap qalghan.

Mazardyng úzyndyghy - 7 arshyn (10 metrge juyq), eni - 6 arshyn (8,5 metr), biyiktigi - 4 arshyn (5,5 metr).
Shoqannyng mazarynyng ishine mәrmardan qashalghan tórtbúryshty plita qoyylghan, betinde mynaday jazu bar: «Búl jerde 1865 jyly dýniyeden ótken shtabs-rotmistr Shoqan Shynghysúly Uәlihanov jerlengen. Týrkistan genaral-gubernatory fon Kaufmannyng tapsyruymen Uәlihanovtyng ghylymgha sinirgen enbegin eskere otyryp general-leytenant Kolpakovskiy 1881 jyly eskertkish ornatqan. Búl jayly taqtagha jazylghan, qazaq tilindegi audarmasy berilgen», – dep jazady.

Sonymen qatar, Pantusov osy maqalasynda Shoqannyng mazarynyng qasyndaghy beyit turaly da mәlimet bergen eken. Búl súltan-mayor Eraly Ádilovtyn mazary bolyp shyqty. Sonday-aq, Shoqannyng janynda Eraly súltannyng úldary Qoja-Ahmet, Qasym, Ábish jәne Múhamediyar Ábishev, Syrghabay Jarmúhamedov, Bektemis Qyrghyzbaev, (songhy ekeui tólengitter), Súltan Abbas Múrtaziyn, Jýnis Ábdimýminov, Jabiyn-han Qoja-Ahmetov sekildi adamdardyng jerlegeni jazylghan.

N.Pantusovtyng osy suretteri men bayandamasy keyinirek Patsha ýkimeti sheneunikterining nazaryna iligip, olar óz kezeginde Tezek Tórening balasy Batyrhangha habarlasyp, Shoqannyng mazaryn jóndeuin súraydy. Biraq, ataqty әkesine tartpaghan, ynjyq, bosbelbeu Batyrhan olargha «mazardy jóndeuge qajetti qarjym joq» dep jauap berip, búl isten bas tartady.

Búl jerde óz tarapymyzdan qosarymyz, Shoqan mazarynyng qasynda kórinip túrghan Eraly Ádilov súltannyng mazarynyng salynghanyna fotosuret týsirilgen 1898 jyly shamamen 60 jylgha juyq merzim ótkenine qaramastan, әli de qúlamay túruy. Múnyng sebebi, qazaq halqy kýmbez, mazar túrghyzudyng óte erteden kele jatqan tehnologiyasyn jiti bilgendiginen dep oilaymyz. Olar mazar qúrylysyna qajetti kirpishti eshkining mayyn, qylyn jәne jylqynyng qylyn aralastyra otyryp, sary topyraqtan aghash qalyptargha salyp, әbden iyin qandyryp nyghyzdap әzirlegen. Odan keyin shala kepken kirpishterdi shúnqyrgha jinap, topyraqpen jauyp, ýsine ot jaghyp, kýidiretin bolghan. Osynday tehnologiyamen dayyndalghan kirpishten túrghyzylghan mazarlardyng sapasy óte joghary bolghany belgili. Oghan dәlel retinde osy kýnge deyin elimizding barlyq ónirlerinde әli kýnge deyin qúlamay túrghan, jobasy atalmysh surettegige úqsas bolyp keletin mazarlardyng bar ekeni. Mysaly, Kerbúlaq audany Basshy auylynyng manynda qazirgi uaqytta túrghan Sәtemir, Mamyrhan súltandardyng jәne Berdiqoja (Tezek Tórening hatshysy bolghan degen mәlimet bar) degen shamamen 1915 jyly qaytys bolghan kisinin, mazarynyng (surettegi) osy uaqytta qúlamay túrghanyn aita ketemiz.

Besinshisi, Shoqannyng basyna Shoqan kolhozy qúrylghan  1930 jyldary jyly shiyki kirpishten salynghan tórt qabyrghaly, tóbesi ashyq jay. Búl qarapayym júmystar jóninde S.Múqanov jazghany turaly jogharyda bayandaldy.

Altynshysy, qazirgi uaqytta túrghan, 1958 jyly D.Qonaevtyng núsqauymen túrghyzylghan tómendegi suretterdegi obelisk.

D.Qonaev esteliginde bylay dep jazghan: «Panfilovtan kele jatyp Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng ziratyna soqtyq. Ony qarap shyqqan song Altynemel shatqalynda jerlengen Shoqan beyitining basyna eskertkish ornatu kerek dep sheshtik. Qysqa merzimde joba әzir boldy. Esketkish túrghyzugha 240 myng rubli bólindi. Eskertkish 1858 jyly túrghyzyldy».

Óz tarapymyzdan qosarymyz, obelisk sayahatty bildiretin globus jartyshary týrinde jasalghan. Onyng betine Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng qoladan qúiylghan kelbeti ornalastyrylyp, tómengi jaghyna kezinde K.Kaufmannyng búiryghymen әzirlengen mәrmәr tas qoyylghan (Búl tasty pereselen orystyng diyirmen jasamaq bolyp shauyp otyrghanda kózine úshqyn tiyip, sodan ólgeni turaly sózdi týgeldey derlik el biledi, al onyng naqty jaghdayy boyynsha adam ólimin tergeuge kelgen arnayy pristavtyng jýrgizgen «Qylmystyq Is» bar ekenin ekining biri estimegen de). Qazirgi kýnde ol eskertkish tas Shoqan muzeyinde, eskertkish basyndaghy sonyng kóshirmesi.

Surette kórinip túrghan aq mәrmәr tasta jogharyda aitylghanday, «Zdesi pokoitsya prah shtabs-rotmistra Chokana Chingisovicha Valihanova, skonchavshegosya v 1865 godu.
Po jelanii Turkestanskogo general-gubernatora Kaufmana, iy vo vnimanie uchenyh zaslug Valihanova, polojen sey pamyatnik general-leytenantom Kolpakovskim v 1881 godu» degen jazu bar. Eskertkishting qasynda qara tas qoyylghan tómpeshik túr.

Búl jazudy oqyghan kez kelgen adam Shoqannyng denesi dәl osy jerde jatyr dep oilaydy, músylman aghayyndar qúran baghyshtap jatady, mýmkin delik.

Alayda, aqiqatyn aitatyn bolsaq, jogharyda bayandalghanday, Shoqannyng denesi qaytys bolghannan keyin Tezek Tórening úigharymymen, Eraly súltannyng mazarynyng týbine, yaghny qazirgi obelisk túrghan jerden kýnshyghysqa qaray 40-50 qadam jerde jerlengen bolatyn. Búl derek Pantusovtyng maqalasymen jәne eki fotosuretimen dәleldenip túr. Qazirgi uaqytta, qashan qúlaghany nemese qasaqana qiratylghany belgisiz,  surette kórinip túrghan Eraly súltan mazarynyng ózi joq bolsa da, domalaq kelgen ýiindisi kólemimen erekshelenip, anyq kórinip túr. Sonday aq, N.Pantusov jazghanday, Shoqannyng ziraty Eraly súltannyng mazarynyng aldynda, basqa tórelerding zirattarynyng ortasynda ornalasqan bolsa, olar qazirgi uaqytta da sol alghashqy oryndarynda bólek-bólek tómpeshik bolyp jatyr. Surette anyq kórinip túrghan qysh kirpishten qalanghan qorshaudyng da qazirgi uaqytta әbden mýjilip, ýiindige ainalghan súlbasyn, suret týsirilgennen beri beri 125 jyl ótse de, anyq bayqaugha bolady.

Al Qazirgi Shoqan ziraty dep jýrgen, basyna obelisk ornatylghan jerding manayyndaghy tómpeshikten basqa eshqanday zirattar joq, manayy tegis.

Bala kýnimizde auyl aqsaqaldarynan estigenimiz, shynynda 1858 jyly Shoqangha arnalghan eskertkish-obeliskini tórebeyitten sәl aulaghyraq, yaghny qazirgi ornyna ornatqan (Nelikten ekeni belgisiz, sirә, iydeologiya baylanysty tórelerden bólektegenderi bolar). Al Eraly súltannan bastap, biraz tóresi bar qalyng qazaqtyng jerlengen jerin qalqalap, syrtynan biyik beton (promograda) plitalarmen qorshap tastaghan. Múnyng sebebin sol uaqyttaghy Kenes Ýkimeti jýrgizgen «qyzyl» sayasattan izdegen jón bolar. Eger obeliskti Shoqannyng alghashqy ziratynyng basyna túrghyzsa, kelgen adamdar onyng manayyndaghy jatqan basqa zirattardy, qiraghan kýmbezderding ornyn kórip, onda kimder jerlengen degen súraq qoyar edi. Odan baryp tórelerding aty-jóni, ómirbayandary, atqarghan qyzmetteri turaly súraqtar qoyyp, maghlúmat izdeytin  edi. Al yrymshyl qazaq bala-shaghalaryn jii әkelip, týrli diny joralghylar atqara bastaytyny sózsiz. Sodan qaymyqqan Kenes ýkimetining iydeologiya salasy basshylary Shoqannyng ziratyn oqshaulaghan jәne tórebeyitti jayau adam kóre almaytynday, biyik beton plitalarmen әdeyi qorshatyp tastaghan.

Ol qorshau bertinge deyin, yaghny 2020 jyldargha deyin túrdy. Naqty aitsaq, olardy Tezektóretanushy, aqyn, jazushy, publisist Azamat Aqylbekov sol uaqyttaghy Kerbúlaq audany әkimi M.Biygeldiyev myrzagha, basqa oryndargha aryzdanyp jýrip, 2019 jyly aldyryp tastady. Qalyng beyit tor sharbaqpen qorshalyp, kózge ashyq kórinip túr. Endi sol aragha qosymsha abattandyru júmystaryn jýrgizu mәselesi kóterilip, onyn tabady degen ýmittemiz.

Sol beton qorshaudyng ózi Shoqan ziratynyng qasaqana kóshirilgenining dәleli emes pe?

Shoqan júmbaqtary

Mine, ózderiniz de oqyp otyrghanday, Shoqan turaly kóptegen basqa da súraqtar, sheshilmegen týiinder tuynday bastaydy (onyng ýstine bir nәrsening parqyna barmastan qazirgi әlem-jәlem etip jazghyshtar da jetkilikti). Olardyng birqataryn atap aitsaq, jalpy saryny tómendegidey bolyp keledi:

• Shoqan Tezek Tórening auylyna 1864 jyly Reseyding barlau qyzmetining tapsyrmasymen, Shyghys Týrkistandaghy jaghdaydy baqylau ýshin әdeyi jiberilgen degen boljam ras pa?
• Shoqannyng kisi qolynan qaza tapqany ras pa? Chernyaev ishinen atqan ba? Qytay nemese orys tynshylary ulap óltirgen degen siyaqty әngimelerding qanday dәlelderi bar?
• «Nauka y religiya» jurnalynyng 1979 jylghy 4 nómirinde jariyalanghan L.Chezganov degenning «Kameni Chokana» degen maqalasynda Shoqannyng kisi qolynan qaza tauyp, ofiyserlik mundiyrimen jerlengeni aitylghan. Búl derek shyndyqqa janasa ma?
• Shoqan 1865 jyly qaytys bolmaghan, ornyna basqa adam jerlengen, al ózi Amerikagha qúpiya tapsyrmamen ketken degen boljamnyng qanday qisyny bar;
• Shoqandy jerlegen kim, Tezek Tóre me әlde Kolpakovskiy me?
• Shoqannyng ziraty birneshe ret ashylghan, denesin orystar alyp ketken, ziratynyng orny auystyrylghan degen әngimeler qaydan shyqqan? Shyndyghyn kim dәleldey alady?
• L. K. Geyns v 1865 g. pryamo pisal, chto beskonechnye «oskorbleniya y pridirky ulojily Chokana v nastoyashem godu v grob» degen sózderding astarynda ne bar?
• 1947 jyly Qazaq SSR astanasynan kelgen arheologiyalyq ekspedisiya zerttegen Shoqannyng ziraty «ekinshi ret ashyldy», - degen maghlúmat ras pa? Ras bolsa, ol júmystyng materialdary qayda?  Birinshi ret kimder, qanday maqsatpen, qashan ashqan?
• 1956 - 1958 jyldary S.Múqanov bastaghan memlekettik komissiya Shoqannyng ziratyn ashqan ba, zertteu materialdary qayda?
• Shoqannyng sýiegi qayda? Sýiegi úrlanghan, basy joq degen әngimeler shyndyqqa janasa ma? (Azamat Aqylbekov, «Tezek Tóre» - Taldyqorghan, «Ofset» baspahanasy, 2013 jyl, 131 bet).)
• Shoqannyng denesine eksgumasiya jasalghan ba, eger jasalsa qashan, kimder jasaghan, qanday maqsatpen, materialdary qayda?
• Halyq jazushysy Tólen Ábdikovting sózine sýiensek, Qazaqstan ghalymdary KSRO zamanynda Shoqan denesine eksgumasiya jasau jóninde rúqsat súrap, Mәskeuge hat joldaghan. Biraq ýzildi-kesildi qarsylyqqa tap bolghany ras pa? Sebebi nede?
• Á.Marghúlan 1940 jyldary shamasynda Shoqannyng beyitin ashyp, arheologiyalyq zertteu jýrgizgeni ras pa?
• Á.Marghúlannyng Shoqandy zertteuine tyiym salynghany ras pa?
• Shoqan Parijge barghan ba, eger barsa qanday maqsatpen?
• Shoqannyng Qashqardaghy uaqytsha әielinen, jary Aysaradan nemese basqa әielderden úrpaq qalghan ba? Qalsa olar kimder?
• «Ablay» atty atyshuly, ertegi tektes maqalany Shoqannyng jazuy mýmkin be? Búl maqalany orys shovinisterining ózderi Levshinge jazdyryp, Shoqannyng enbegi retinde qazaq halqyn Shoqangha qarsy qon, arandatu maqsatynda 1904 jyly Peterborda professor N.IY.Veselovskiy shygharghan Shoqannyng 1 tomdyq kitabyna әdeyi qosqandary shyndyq pa? Olay bolsa, Shoqannyng sol uaqyttaghy jaulary kózdegen maqsatyna qol jetkizdi deuge bolady, sebebi osy kitaptaghy «Ablay» atty maqalany oqyghan Alash ardaqtylary Shoqan turaly eshbir ondy pikir qaldyrmaghan degen kózqaras bar;
• Shoqannyng Resey memleketining әskery mekemelerine qarasty arhivterindegi jazbasha materialdary osy uaqytqa deyin ne sebepten qoljetimsiz bolyp, jariyalanbay keledi? Múnda qanday syr bar? Sol qúpiya materialdardyng ishinde Shoqannyng Kenesary han bastaghan kóterilis turaly, qazaqtyng songhy hanynyng 2000 myngha juyq sarbazdarymen birge qalay qaza bolghandary jóninde jazylghan enbekteri bar ma? Búl turaly Á.Marghúlan jazyp ketken, odan beri eshbir ghalymnyng búl mәsele boyynsha ghylymy talpynysy bolghan emes;
• - Resey ghalymdary tarapynan sol uaqyttaghy arnayy әskery qyzmeti basshylyghynyng núsqauymen Shoqannyng atynan jalghan qújattar әzirlengeni ras pa? Shoqannyng jazbalaryna naqty Shoqannyng qolymen jazylghandyghyn dәleldeu maqsatynda arnayy (pocherkovedcheskiy) ekspertiza jasalghan ba? Mysaly, Shoqannyng әkesine jazghan songhy haty nemese Shoqannyng atymen jariyalanghan «Ablay» atty maqalasy.
• Shoqantanu boyynsha keshendi ghylymiy-zertteu júmysy nege qolgha alynbaydy, Shoqan Uәlihanov atyndaghy ghylymy institut basshylyghy búl iste nege qúlyqsyz?

Qysqasy, Shoqan turaly jauapsyz súraqtyng kóp ekeni kórinip túr. Ghalymdardyng búl isti qashan qolgha alatyny bir Allagha ghana ayan.

Qorytyndy jәne úsynystar

Qorytyndylay kele aitarymyz, erekshe jaratylghan ghúlama Shoqandy shynjar balaq, shúbar tós әkesi Shynghys, sol uaqytta auzynan sózi jerge týspegen, ataqty Tezek Tóre nemese tughan naghashysy belgili shonjar Músa Shormanovtar nege basyna sәuleti kelisken mazar túrghyza almaghan degen oigha qalasyn. Tipti, Shynghys balasyn Kókshetaugha alyp ketip, tughan jerine nege jerlemegen degen de súraq kezinde tuyndaghan. Mәsele Shoqannyng әskeri, barlaushylyq qyzmetimen baylanysty boluy mýmkin. Ómirining sonyna deyin Shoqan Resey imperiyasyndaghy Orta Aziya, Shyghys Týrkistan halyqtarynyng salt-dәstýrin, tilin, dilin, tarihyn, әskeriy-sayasy ahualyn jete biletin birden-bir adam bolghany belgili. Sondyqtan, Resey patshalyghy ony ýnemi baqylauda ústaghany da belgili jayt. Sonyng saldarynan, Shoqan qaytys bolghannan keyin de onyng ziratyna da, ghylymy múrasyna da Resey iyelik etken degen tújyrym jasaugha bolady.

Al maqalamyzdyng taqyryby «Shoqan kimge kerek» degen súraqqa jauap jazu úzaq, әri kýrdeli bolyp shyqty.

Sondyqtan, búl súraqtyng jauabyn Shoqannyng ózinen izdedik.

«Tarihtyq enbekterinde Shoqannyng eng kóp zerttegeni – qazaqtyng ómiri. «Shoqan tughan halqyn óte sýietin edi, - deydi Potaniyn, - qazaqtan shaghymmen kelgenderge ol ýnemi kisilik kózimen qaraytyn... Oghan jaqsylyq qana tilep, bolashaghyna qyzmet etu armany bolatyn. Ol: «Áueli qazaq halqyn, odan keyin Sibirdi, Rossiyany, barlyq adamzatty sýiem, - deytin». (Múqanov Sәbiyt. Jarqyn júldyzdar. Tandamaly shygharmalar; On altynshy tom, - Almaty. «Jazushy», 1980, 89 bet).

Sondyqtan, Shoqan eng birinshi qazaq halqyna kerek. Olay bolsa, Shoqantanu salasynda qordalanghan mәselelermen arnayy ainalysu maqsatynda Almatydaghy Shoqan Uәlihanov atyndaghy ghylymy instituttyng ishinen «Shoqantanu» bólimin ashudy, oghan qajetti qarajat qarastyryp, eng bilikti mamandardy biriktirudi, barlyq oqu oryndarynda «Shoqantanu» sabaqtaryn engizudi, qúzyrly mekemeler arqyly Resey arhivterinen Shoqan turaly barlyq qújattardy aldyryp qayta zertteudi, Shoqannyng shygharmalar jinaghyn qayta basyp shygharudy, qysqasy, keshendi is-sharalar josparyn qúryp, iske asyrudy úsynamyz.

Aldymyzda kele jatqan 2025 jyly Shoqannyng tughanyna 190 jyl toluyna oray, auyz toltyryp aitarlyqtay ghylymy júmys atqarylady dep senemiz. Sonda qazirgi uaqytta órship túrghan daqpyrt, ósek, dәlelsiz sózderge tosqauyl qoyylar edi...

Osy maqalamyzdy Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng qúzyrly mekemeleri, Mәdeniyet jәne sport ministrligi, Syrtqy ister ministrligi, Oqu aghartu ministrligi, Ghylym jәne joghary bilim ministrligi, Aqparat jәne qoghamdyq damu ministrligi, Senat jәne Mәjilis deputattaryna resmy ótinish retinde qabyldauyn súraymyz.

Baghdat Baqtybayúly Aqylbekov

Almaty oblysy, Kerbúlaq audanynyng tumasy, memlekettik qyzmetshi, Tezek Tóretanushy, bos uaqytynda shygharmashylyq-zertteu júmysymen de ainalysady.

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