Protoiyerey i. Vostorgovtyng «Týrkistan, Jetisu jәne Semey oblysyndaghy qonystanushylar» atty maqalasyndaghy orys imperializmining ruhy

Orys imperializmi Euraziya qúrlyghynyng birshama aimaqtaryna, onyng ishinde qazaq jerine orys otarlyq sayasatynyng qamytyn kiygizgeninen beri birneshe ghasyr ótip, búrynghy otarlardyng keybiri óz bostandyghyna qol jetkizgen qazirgi zamanda da tarihymyzda ótken osy qaranghy kezdi qayta elekten ótkizip otyruymyz kerek.

Ásirese, HHI ghasyrdaghy tәuelsiz elimizding tútastyghyna qauip tóndirip otyrghan resey sayasatkerleri men elimizdegi shovinistik-imperiyalyq kónil-kýidegi separatisterding ótken, orys-kenestik kezendi ansap, elimizge auyq-auyq aqparattyq shabuyl jasap otyrghan kezeninde orys otarshyldyghynyng sayasatyn týsinip, taldap, kópshilikke jetkize otyryp, qoghamdy saqtandyru, jana qauip-qaterlerding aldyn alu asa manyzdy.

Ótken ghasyrlardaghy orys imperializmining kórshi aimaqtar men halyqtardy otarlyqqa týsirude tabysqa jetuinde eng aldymen orys memleketining jogharghy biyliginin, әskerdin, shirkeu men halyqtyng ýndese, birige júmys jasauy boldy desek qatelespeymiz.

Sózimizding dәleli retinde, orys imperializmi men otarshyldyq sayasatyn janyn sala qoldap, osy sayasatty jantalasa iske asyrghan shirkeuding sol kezdegi shovinist, imperiyashyl kóp ókilderining biri protoiyerey Ioann Vostorgovtyng Qazaq elin otarlaudy jaqtaghan oi-pikirleri men әreketterin taldaudy úsynyp otyrmyz.

Protoiyerey Ioann Vostorgov 1887 jyly Stavropoli teologiyalyq seminariyasyn bitirgennen keyin Stavropoli teologiyalyq mektebining studentterining baqylaushysy, sodan keyin orys jәne shirkeu slavyan tilining oqytushysy bolyp taghayyndaldy.

1894 jyly Ioann әkey Elisavetpoli gimnaziyasyna (qazirgi Ázirbayjannyng Gyandja qalasy) zang múghalimi bolyp taghayyndaldy.

1897 jyly 17 shildede Úly knyazi Oliga Fedorovna ony Tiflis 1-shi әielder gimnaziyasynyng múghalimi etip auystyrdy jәne kóp úzamay osy gimnaziyanyng ýy shirkeuining rektory bolyp taghayyndaldy.

1900 jyldyng jeltoqsanynda Qasiyetti Sinod ony gruzin eparhiyasynyng prihodtyq jәne sauat ashu mektepterining eparhiyalyq jetekshisi qyzmetine taghayyndady.

Qasiyetti Sinodtyng bas prokurory protoiyereydi birneshe mәrte sheteldik manyzdy issaparlargha jiberdi. 1906 jyly 25 qantarda Ioann Mәskeu eparhiyasynyng uaghyzshy-missioneri qyzmetine taghayyndaldy. Onyng tasyghan kýsh-quaty men imperiyalyq pighyly, orys memleketine berilgendigi men sheshendigi jalpy shirkeu júmysynyng talaptaryna tolyghymen sәikes keldi.

1909 jyly nauryzda protoiyerey Ioann Vostorgov basshylyq sheshimimen Sibir men Qiyr Shyghys elderine teologiyalyq mektepter men missiyalardy tekseru jәne qonys audaru ortalyqtaryn jabdyqtau ýshin qaytadan jiberildi. Ol Japoniyada, Qytayda, Koreyada bolyp, Vladivostok, Habarovsk jәne basqa Sibir qalalary arqyly Mәskeuge oraldy.

Kenes ýkimeti ornaghan song birshama uaqyttan keyin 1918 jyly 31 mamyrda protoiyerey Ioann Vostorgov óz pәterinde tútqyndaldy. 1918 jyly 4 qyrkýiekte Býkilreseylik Ortalyq Atqaru Komiyteti janyndaghy Revolusiyalyq tribunaldyng tergeu komissiyasy protoiyerey Ioanndy ólim jazasyna kesti.

2000 jyldyng tamyzynda episkoptardyng mereytoylyq kenesinde Ioann  HH ghasyrdaghy Reseyding Qasiyetti әuliyesi ataghy berilip, dәripteldi.

Ioann Vostorgovtyng «Statiy po voprosam missionerskiym, pedagogicheskim y publisisticheskiym” (Missionerlik, pedagogikalyq jәne publisistikalyq mәselelerge arnalghan maqalalar, 1887–1912 jj.) atty enbegine onyng 1887–1912 jyldardaghy shirkeu-publisistikalyq maqalalary, sonday-aq onyng missionerlik qyzmetine qatysty enbekteri kiredi. Osy jinaqtaghy Reseyding bizding elimizding otarlanu tarihyna qatystysy «Týrkistan, Jetisu jәne Semey oblysyndaghy qonystanushylar (1910 jyly jol boyynan joldanghan jedelhattar)» atty maqalasy.

Nazarlarynyzgha osy maqalany sol kezdegi orys otarshyldyq sayasatynyng tabighatyn, qazirgi imperiyashyl-shovinisterding pighyldaryn jәne olardyn   búrynghy, dәstýrli orys otarshyldyq iydeyalarymen tarihiy-ruhany sabaqtastyghyn týsinu ýshin tolyghymen audaryp úsynyp otyrmyz.

TÝRKISTAN, JETISU JÁNE SEMEY OBLYSYNDAGhY QONYSTANUShYLAR

 (1910 jyly jol boyynan joldanghan jedelhattar)

 Týrkistandy Parsy elining shekarasynan Syrdariya oblysynyng soltýstik shekarasyna deyin tolyq aralap shyqtym. Múnda qonystandyru júmystary resmy týrde toqtatylghanmen, orys halqynyng instinktivti týrde erkin ómir sýru jaghdaylaryn izdeytin jәne ózderining kónilinen shyghatyn aimaqtargha kóshi-qon tolqynynyng stihiyalyq qozghalysyn eshqanday da tyiymdar tejey almaydy. “Orys sharuasy jerdi paydalanu men egin ósiruding jergilikti erekshelikterinen habarsyz, jana jaghdayda ómir sýrip, júmys isteuge qabiletsiz” degen әngime bos sóz. Men sharualardyng suarugha arnalghan aryqtardy paydalanyp, maqta ósirudi mengerip alghandyqtaryn óz kózimmen kórdim. Mysaly, maqtamen ainalysatyn sharualar  ótken jyly qúny onnan bes jýz somgha deyingi ónim aldy. Osy jerde әskery qyzmet etip, әskery qyzmeti bitken song suarmaly egistikter men janbyrly (suarylmaytyn) egistikterdi múqiyat óndep, osy jerlerge yqylaspen iyelik etip otyrghan keybir әskery qyzmetkerler  strategiyalyq túrghyda otarlau isin atqarushylar. Zakaspiy oblysyndaghy Grodkovskiy auylynda osynday 80 otbasy bir jyl búryn ghana qonystanghan bolatyn. Olar qazir jergilikti ekonomikany jaqsy biledi jәne maqta plantasiyalaryny iyelik etip otyr.

Múnda myndaghan rúqsat etilmegen migranttar  otbasylary aghylyp kelip jatyr. Olardy eshqanday qoldan jasalghan kedergiler men mәjbýrleu sharalary arqyly toqtatu mýmkin emes. Búl aimaqqa bir qaraghannan-aq, kem degende on million akr jerdi qúraytyn  onyng orasan zor otarlau mýmkindigin kóru alasyz. Jәne búl orys sharuasynyng týsine de kirmeytin qyrghyzdar men sarttar siyaqty búratanalardyng mýddelerin qorghap, olardy jermen tolyq qamtamasyz etip otyrghan jaghdaydyng ózinde qalyp otyrghan jerler. Múndaghy kóne zandar men әdet-ghúryp boyynsha jerding iyesi bolyp, osy jerdi óndep, suaryp, paydalanyp otyrghan adam sanalady. Sondyqtan, bos jatqan, mol ónim beretin qúnarly bolsyn, suarmaly bolsyn jerlerdi orys qonystanushysyna kelisimdi baghamen emes, azdaghan aqygha  beru kerek. Búl kommersiyalyq maqsatty emes, eng joghary dengeydegi mýddeni qorghaytyn memlekettik manyzy bar mәsele. Búl túrghyda zandardy tez arada qayta qarau qajet. Oblysqa, qonystandyru úiymyna tolyq ýles qosu kerek. Osy uaqytqa deyin zansyz kóship kelgen jana qonystanushylardyng ruhany qajettilikterin óteu ýshin shirkeu saludy shekteytin erejeler saqtalyp qaluda. Búl ereje shirkeuding óz balalaryna degen qamqorlyghynyng mәnin dúrys týsinbeuden tuyndaghan týbirimen qate kózqaras. Shirkeuding dúghasy men júbanysh, kýnadan pәkteytin ghibadattary zansyz qonys audarushylar týgili týrmeler men jazalau oryndaryndaghylar ýshin de asa qajet. Qazir Ontýstik Týrkistanda 12 jana prihod salu josparlanuda. Olardyng birazynda zansyz qonystanghandar túraqtanghan. Sәuir aiynda osynday 4 prihod ashylyp, Mәskeu pastorlyq kurstarynyng diny qyzmetkerleri qazirding ózinde lageridegi shirkeulerinde qyzmet etude. Olar bes jasar balalardy shomyldyru rәsiminen ótkizip, senim men dúghanyng kez kelgen týrin oryndau ýshin  molokanizmge ketkenderdi shirkeuding qúshaghyna tartugha mәjbýr boldy. Óz basym ózim barghan auyldardyng birinde eki sәbiyding shomyldyru rәsiminen ótpey jatyp shetinep ketkeni turaly qayghyly oqighalardyng kuәsi bolugha tura keldi. Ónirding joghary basshylyghy qazir erikti qonys audarushylardyng qonysyna  din qyzmetkerlerin taghayyndaugha kedergi jasamaydy. Eger jer jaghdayyna sәikes túraqty shirkeu salu mýmkin bolmasa, onda siz lageri shirkeulerining qyzmetin paydalauynyzgha bolady. Múnday shirkeu bar bolghany ýsh jýz rubli túrady. Salymshylar múnday somany Sinodtyng sharuashylyq bólimine baghyttau arqyly qonystanushylargha shyn mәninde ýlken qyzmet kórsetedi.

Osy jerden orystyng jana qonys audarushylar ýshin esigi aiqara ashyq túrghan Jetisugha bardym. Qonys audarushylardyng esebinen ýlken eldi mekenge ainalghan «Arys» temir jol vokzalynan 25 myngha deyin rúqsaty bar qonys audarushylar men 30 myngha deyin erikti qonys audarushylar ótedi.

Tayauda, Týrkistandy jaulap aludyng 50 jyldyq mereytoyynda orys halqynyng búl jerdi kosmopolitizmning abstraktili iydeyalary men búratanalardyng praktikalyq iydealdaryna emes, Resey men orys maqsattary ýshin iyemdengenin kóremiz. Orys halqy osynda myqtap qonystanbayynsha, jergilikti halyq otyryqshy ómir saltyna kóshpeydi. Búl sharuanyng qoghamdyq jәne qauipsizdik jaghy da bar. Óitkeni, Qúljagha temir jol salyp jatqan qytaylardyng nazary batys aimaqtargha ausa, múnda kenetten “búlt ýiirilip, kýn kýrkirep, nayzaghay jarqyldauy mýmkin». Bizding múndaghy jaghdayymyz Qiyr Shyghystaghydan bir de kem emes.

Jetisu oblysyna qonystandyru isi mýldem jana sharua bolghandyqtan, ýkimet pen qoghamnyng erekshe nazar audaruyn talap etedi. Jetisuda qonystanushylardy ornalastyru jedeldetilgen qarqynmen jýrgizilude. Barlyq alty uezde osy uaqytqa deyin jergilikti qonystandyru úiymy 40 jana eldi mekendi qúryp, olarda 25 000-gha juyq qonys audarushylardy qonystandyrdy. Sonymen qatar, jalpy alany jarty million akrdan asatyn jana otarlau qory dayyndaldy. Sonymen qatar, Europalyq Reseyden, sonday-aq Sibir guberniyalary men oblystarynan rúqsat etilmegen qonys audarushylar da kelip jatyr. Qazirgi uaqytta jetpis bes mynnan astam osynday jer basyp alushylar tirkelgen. Kelgenderding barlyghy tirkelmey, resmy rúqsatty kýtpey-aq jana jerlerge ózdiginen qonystanuda jәne Eriktiler (samovolichka) atty jana eldi mekender qúruda.

Ishki europalyq provinsiyalardan kelgen qonystanushylar, negizinen ontýstik túrghyndary, kýshti jәne  senimdi element bolyp tabylady. Olar jana jerlerde sәtti qonystanyp, aimaqtyng gýldenuine septigin tiygizude. Al, Sibir guberniyalarynan kelgen qonys audarushylar kezinde ózderine berilgen memlekettik jerlerding 30 payyzyn iyemdenip, keyin qayta tastap ketkender bolatyn. Olar barlyq jaghynan alyp qaraghanda asa senimsiz, ylajy bolsa qajet emes adamdar. Olardyng qolynan tek tym jaqsy eldi mekenderdi qoqyspen lastap ketu ghana keledi.

Alty uezding ýsheui: Qapal, Jarkent jәne Prjevaliskiy aimaqtary Europalyq Reseyding ishki guberniyalarynan keletin 12000 er adamdy úiymdasqan týrde qonystandyrugha dayyn. Búl uezderge, negizinen, Qapal  jәne Prjevaliskiy uezderine qonys audarushylardyng bir bóligi jetip ýlgergenimen, olardyng keybireuleri jer resurstaryn basqaru komissiyalarynyng sәtsiz júmysynan, sharuashylyqtyng qolaysyz, qiyn jaghdaylaryna jәne  temir jol, jaqsy qara joldardyng bolmauyna baylanysty jana  uchaskelerge jazylmay ketip qaldy.

Qonystandyrugha dayyndalyp, kýtip otyrghan uchaskeler sapa jaghynan minsiz. Atap aitqanda, Qapal uezinde, Altyn-Emel bolysynda eginshilik ýshin suarudy qajet etpeytin bos jerler mol jәne qonystandyrugha arnalghan keremet janbyrly jerler de dayyn. Óz basym osy jerlerden ótip bara jatyp, qonys audarushylargha dayyndalyp otyrghan jerlerding osynshalyqty әsemdigine tang qaldym. Bir qyzyghy, olardyng osy uaqytqa deyin qyrghyzdardyng iyeliginde bolsa da qyrghyzdardyng osy keremet jerlerdi qoldanyp, paydalanbauy. Qyrghyzdar búl jerlerdi tek týkke túrghysyz  mal sharuashylyghy men taudan ary-beri maldaryn aidap ótkende ghana paydalanady. Soghan qaramastan, qyrghyzdarda osynday jerler әli de kóp.

Qonys audaru úiymy Shyghys halyqtarynyng bir kezderi Úly kóshi-qon dәuirindegidey shyghystan batysqa qaray stihiyaly aghylghany siyaqty, orys qonys audarushylaryn Shu, Ile angharlary men  Qytaymen shektesetin Narym aimaghyna tezirek qonystandyrugha úmtylyp jatyr. Búl әriyne, eldi kórshi Qytaydan qorghaudyng quatty jәne senimdi qúraly retinde jasalyp jatqan shara. Dәl osy joldar halyqtardyng bir kezderi shyghystan batysqa qaray jýrip ótken joldary, sondyqtan osy tarih bizge osy aimaqqa  Reseyding erekshe nazar audaruyn talap etedi. Óitkeni mәdeny jaghynan әldeqayda damyghan,  kýshti orys elementterining qonystanuy ghana Shyghystaghy zamanauy ózgerister men shabuyldardyng aldyn alady. Shyghys halyqtarynyng qaytadan sol joldarmen qozghalysy bola qalghan jaghdayda osy jol qazir mýldem qorghausyz jatyr.

Otarlau túrghysynan alghanda, Europalyq Reseyden alysta ornalasqan búl tanghajayyp qolayly  tabighy jaghdaygha ie aimaq ken-baytaq Resey memleketining týkpir-týkpirindegi orys halqyn ózine tartatyn sheksiz ólke. Temirjol jelisining tartyluymen otarlau júmysynyng algha basuyna baylanysty búl aimaq bolashaqta eng bay jәne eng gýldengen aimaq bolady dep kýtilude. Keleshekte jýzdegen myng reseylikter osynda qonystanyp, osy jerden óz baqyttaryn taba alady.

Jergilikti sheneunikterden qúralghan qonystandyru úiymy ólkeni orys halqymen toltyruda orasan zor júmys atqaryp jatyrghanymen, ken-baytaq aumaqtar men niyettelgen josparlardy iske asyru jolynda jasalyp jatqan sharualar mýlde jetkiliksiz. Ásirese, shekaralyq jәne jer telimderi boyynsha sheneunikterding joqtyghy seziledi, olardyng sanyn aitarlyqtay arttyru qajet.

Oblystyng bas qolbasshysy tarapynan general-leytenant Samsonov pen Jetisu oblysynyng әskery gubernatory general-mayor Folibaumnyng qonys audaru úiymynyng júmysyna jan-jaqty, janashyrlyqpen kómektesip otyr. Degenmen, eldi mekenderdegi, uezdik әkimdiktegi keybir qyzmetkerler qyrghyzofilidik tendensiyalardan әli tolyq aryla almaghan jәne osylar kóbinese otarlau ýderisining bәsendeuine sebepker bolyp otyr.

Al, qyrghyzdardyng (qazaqtardyn) kónil-kýii toq, mýldem tynysh. Eger olardyng arasynda otarlau qajettilikteri ýshin jer bóluge qarsy oppozisiyalyq kónil-kýidegi adamdar  bolsa, ol birinshiden, týkke túrmaytyndar jәne ziyandy ýgit-nasihattyng yqpalynda bolghan adamdar. Qyrghyzdardyng týkke túrghysyz  qúqyghy, Úly orys memleketindegi biyleushi ​​halyqtyng ókilderi retinde orystardyng naqty qúqyqtarynyng janynda  eshtene emes! Bir qyzyghy, osy antiyreseylik iydeyalardy jii qoldaushylardyng arasynan sen kýtpegen adamdardyng tabylyp qaluy da bir qyzyq eken.

Qyrghyzdar arasynda otyryqshy ómirge kóshuge degen úmtylys barghan sayyn jii bayqalady. Qyrghyzdar petisiya jazyp, óz auyldaryna qonystandyrudy, orys sharualarymen teng dәrejede jer bóludi, orys derevnyalaryna tirkeudi súrap ótinish aituda.

Orys qonystanushylaryna berilgennen jerlerden ýsh, tipti tórt ese artyq jer qalghan kóshpeli qyrghyzdargha kóp mólsherde jer berilgenimen, Jetisuda әli de bolsa otarlaugha әbden qolayly janbyrly da, suarmaly da orasan artyq jerler bar. Barlyq jerde suarudy qajet etpeytin, tek jasandy suarudy qajet etetin bos jerler әli de kóp. Olardy bólip-jarmay, bir mezgilde keng memlekettik qoldau kórsete otyryp, suaru jýiesin jasap, otarlau qoryn qúru qajet.

Jana qonystanushylar ornalasqan eldi mekenderining sanynyng tez ósui, әriyne, shirkeuler men shirkeu mektepterin tezirek salu qajettiligin tudyrady. Ónirde bir-birinen alshaq ornalasqan jiyrmadan astam qonys audarushylar eldi mekenderge qyzmet kórsetetin eki-aq shirkeu bar. Onyng biri Pishpek uezinde, ekinshisi Narym ónirinde. Barlyq jerde ruhany jútandyqqa úshyraghan jana qonystanushylar olargha tez arada moralidyq-ruhany kómek kórsetudi talap etip jatyr. Vernyida jergilikti episkop Dimitriyding tóraghalyghymen, menin, gubernatordyng jәne qonystandyru basshylarynyng qatysuymen ótken mәjiliste Týrkistannyng ontýstik bóliginde ashylghan prihodtardan basqa, 8 kóshpeli diny qyzmetterin qúru jәne 12 jana túraqty prihod ashu josparlandy. Sonymen qatar, sol mәjiliste osy aimaqtarda monastyri ashu ýshin alty eldi meken, bolashaqta aimaqty kenirek otarlau ýshin mәdeniy-ruhany ortalyqtar salu belgilendi.

Osy jaghday Jetisudy otarlau isi dúrys jolgha týsip jatyr degen senim úyalatyp, bolashaqta aitarlyqtay naqty jәne eng paydaly nәtiyjeler bere alady degen ýmit oyatady.

Semey oblysynda ótken jyly bara almaghan qonys audaru oryndaryn aralap shyqtym. Búl ónirdegi qonys audarugha arnalghan jer - 45 million akrgha deyin ýlken kenistik. Ókinishke oray, úlan-ghayyr ólkening agrotehnikalyq zertteulerine bar bolghany 13 myng rubli ghana bólingen bolsa, onyng jartysy qyzmetkerlerdi ústaugha ketedi eken. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde ayanyshty jaghdaylar oryn aldy: Jyltaudaghy 12 eldi mekenderding osydan ýsh jyl búryn 4000 fut biyiktikke sәtsiz qonystanghandyqtan, qazir olar әrtýrli baghyttargha shashyrap ketti. Maghan, tipti, Marqakól kólindegi siyaqty, kóship kelushiler ýshin arnayy kenseler ashuyma tura keldi.

Aumaghy 12 million akr bolatyn Qarqaraly uezi mýlde zerttelmegen: tek biyl ghana ol jerge topyraq-botanikalyq ekspedisiya jiberildi.

Semey uezinde iygerilmegen bes million gektar jer bar. Ertisting býkil jaghalauyndaghy  shaghyn audandar ghana belgili. Eng bastysy, qonys audarushylar Pavlodar uezine, ong jaghalaugha qonystanady. Okrugte 10 million gektar jer bar. Mine, arada 4 jyl ótse de jana qonystar kórkeyip túrghanday kórinedi.

Auyldary mýlde bay deuge bolatyn Óskemen uezi turaly da osyny aitu kerek.

1909 jylghy qyrghyzdardyng túrmys-tirshiligin retteu turaly Erejege sәikes qyrghyzdardaghy jayylymdyq jerlerding moldyghyna qaramastan, orys qonystanushylaryna tiyesili egistik jerlerdi qyrghyzdargha berudi talap etkeni qanday ókinishti?! Qyrghyzdardyng keleshekte otyryqshy ómirge kóshui mýmkin degen payymdau ainalyp kelgende orystardyng qonys audaru ýderisin tejep otyr. Erejening akademiyalyq mәni bar ekeni ras shyghar, biraq, qyrghyzdardyng ahualynyng bolashaqta qalay bolatyny mýlde belgisiz. Sonymen qatar, onyng praktikalyq saldary qolayly emes. Óskemen, sonday-aq Zaysan uezderi Qytaymen shekaralas jәne strategiyalyq manyzdy aimaqqa ornalasqandyqtan, birinshi kezekte osy aimaqqa orys halqyn qonystandyru kerek.

Zaysan uezinde eng ózekti mәsele – gidrotehnikalyq sharalar. Múnda suaru júmystary dúrys jýrgizilse, maqta, bau-baqsha, jýzim ósiru әbden mýmkin siyaqty. Búl mәseleni týsindiru ýshin osy uaqytqa deyin eshqanday eksperiyment jýrgizilgen joq. Osy arada, kórsetilgen, óte yqtimal boljamdar aqtalghan jaghdayda, biz sózbe-sóz ekonomikalyq tónkeris pen osy uaqytqa deyin Sibir armiyasynyng kazaktaryn ghana tartyp, jerdi tozyp ketken ýlken tastandy aimaqty abattandyru qarsanynda túrmyz. Zaysan men Ertistegi balyqtardyng uyldyryq shashu kezinde jyrtqyshtyq, tipten aiuandyq әdisterdi qoldanyp, osynday jyrtqyshtyqtyng nәtiyjesinde balyq aulau songhy kezge deyin tabysty bolghan búl kólde balyq aulau azayyp ketti.

Okrugte suaru mәselesin sheshu tek bólingen qarajattyng tapshylyghymen ghana emes, isti biletin adamdardyng azdyghymen de qiyndauda. Olardy oqytatyn oqu oryndary joq: kóp qatelikter arqyly kóp tәjiriybeden ýirenu kerek. Europalyq Reseydegi pikirlerge qaramastan, qyrghyzdar nashar eginshi bolyp shyqty: olar egisti suarugha ertede jongharlardan qalghan eski aryqtardy paydalanady. Biraq, búl suaru júmystary da asa jetilmegen jýie. Myng gektar jerdi jaqsy suarumen paydalanugha bolatyn aumaqta qarabayyr suarugha elu gektaryn ghana paydalanuda. Qalghanynyng bәri paydagha aspay bosqa túr.

Sugha qúqyqty retteytin, sudy paydalanu boyynsha núsqaular beretin jәne suarmaly jerlerde suaru júmystaryn keneytuge qúqyq beretin, jalpy su paydalanu turaly zandy mýmkindiginshe tezirek qabyldau qajet. Semey jәne irgeles oblystarda qonys audarugha mýmkindigi bar adamdardy, әsirese bay orys malshylaryn qarqyndy týrde tartu qajet. Óitkeni, tek eginshilikti ghana emes, orys halqy mal sharuashylyghymen de ainalysu kerek. Múnda qara topyraq joq bolghanymen, keybir jerlerde ormandardy mal ósiruge paydalanugha bolady. Qúrghaqshylyq búl aimaqta jii bolyp túrady jәne eginning bitik shyghuyna qauip tóndiredi. Múnday jaghdayda qashanda qosymsha mal sharuashylyghynyng kómegi tiyedi. Mysaly, biyl jauyn-shashynnyng azdyghynan mamyr aiynyng sonyna deyin ashtyqtan qorqyp, halyq ýreylendi. Qazir qatty janbyr jauyp, egin ortashadan da joghary ónim berdi.

Búl jerde keybir zemstvo agentterining payda boluyn qúptauymyz kerek. Mysaly, Ekaterinoslav Poltavadan ýlgi alyp, ólkeni zerttep, óz guberniyasynyng qonystanushylary ýshin qolayly jerlerdi tanystyrady. Olar ýkimetting kómegin tek bilimmen jәne enbekqorlyqpen iygerip qana qoymay, sonymen birge qarjylyq jenildiktermen de qoldau kórsetip otyr.

Qúm kóshkini turaly taghy bir eskertu: qazirgi kezde olardy toqtatu ýshin mýldem eshtene jasalmay otyr. Búl arada qúmdy jerlerde jabayy  týrde ósetin erekshe bútalar siyaqty ósimdikterdi paydalanu kerek. Jergilikti halyq osy aghashtardy kózding qarashyghynday saqtaudyng ornyna, jerdi qúmdy shólge ainaldyryp, aghashty otyngha paydalanuda.

Qonys audarushylardyng missionerlik jәne diny jaghdayy erekshe nazar audarudy qajet etedi. Jergilikti halyqtyng (qazaqtardyn, qyrghyzdardyn) әdet (biyler) sottarynyng shamadan tys keng qúqyqtary bar. Jaqynda kórshi oblysta halyq soty qyrghyzdy hristian dinin qoldaghany ýshin birneshe aigha týrmege qamaugha ýkim shygharghan oqigha boldy. Múnday sottyng ýkimin tek Úly Mәrtebeli Imperator ghana joya alady. Múnday jaghdaylarda, әriyne, hristiandyqty jergiliktilerding arasynda uaghyzdau turaly aitu mýmkin emes. Aytpaqshy, sol sottar manap atanghan qyrghyz baylarynyng kónilinen shyghu ýshin kedeylerdi ózderining qalauy men otyryqshy ómirge kóshuge talpynystary ýshin jazalaydy. Otyryqshylyqqa kóshu kedeylerge paydaly bolghanymen, baylar ózderine jalshy qyzmetin atqaratyn kedeylerdi sheksiz moyynsúnushylyq pen ýmitsiz ekonomikalyq qúldyqta ústau mýmkindiginen aiyrady.

Orys halqyna keletin bolsaq, olardyng arasynda sektalyq aghymdargha eru ýreyli auqymda órship barady. Prihodtardyng sany az bolghandyqtan, sektalardyng qyzmetine qarsy túru óte qiyn.

Omby qalasynyng ózi birte-birte Qiyr Shyghystaghy Blagoveshensk siyaqty Batys Sibirdegi sektanttyqtyng iri ortalyghyna ainaluda. Osydan bir jyl búryn osy jerde sektalardyng ýlken sezi boldy. Qonystanushy sharualar  ruhany ashtyqta bolghandyqtan, Mәskeuden kelgen diny qyzmetkerler alghash ret prihodtargha dúgha oqyp jýrgende quanyshtan jylamaghan otbasy bolmaghanyn aitady. Ókinishke oray, sektalyq qozghalystar ýlken jetistikterge jetti. Eparhiyada auyl aqsaqaldary-baptister ózderi nemese tuystary arqyly ýgit-nasihat jýrgizetin auyldar bar. Múnday auyl, mysaly, Belaghash. Baptisterdi neofitterge beru ýshin shetelden aqsha audaru faktisi anyqtaldy. Kavkazgha qatysty osynday faktilerdi bir kezderi men baspasózde jazghan bolatynmyn. Ókinishke oray, sharua bastyqtary keyde halyqtyng senim psihologiyasyn týsinbeydi. Sharualar shirkeu  qonyrauyna aqsha jinasa, bastyqtary olardyng tilegin keleke etip, aryq salugha kenes beredi. Odan da soraqy oqigha boldy: sharualar prihod salugha óz jighan-tergeninen myng somnan bólgende, bastyqtar búl qarjyny  auyldyng kirisin kóbeytuge paydalanyp, syra sehyn ashugha kenes beredi. Songhy fakti Tomsk guberniyasynda oryn alyp, sharualardyng әdil shaghymyn tughyzdy.

Semeyde ótetin jiynda oblystyng әr okruginde kóshpeli shirkeulermen birge kóshpeli din qyzmetkerlerin ashu, 8 jana túraqty prihodtardy qúlshylyq ýilerin, shirkeu mektepteri men diny basqarma ýilerin saludy úiymdastyru, bes monastyri salu josparlanuda.

Semey Ombydan alys. Osyny eskere otyryp jәne missionerlik maqsattar ýshin múnda jartylay tәuelsiz vikariat ashu qajettiligi tuyndap otyr.

Jomart Jenisúly

tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, Sh.Sh. Uәlihanov atyndaghy tarih jәne etnologiya institutynyng jetekshi ghylymy qyzmetkeri

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