Dәstýrli qazaq qoghamyn­daghy әielder men erlerding әrqaysysynyng óz rólderi bolady. Kóshpendiler mәde­niye­tinde erler men әielder­ding mindetteri bólindi. Áyel­derding róli bala tәr­biye­leu­men, ýy sharua­shylyghyn jýrgizumen qatang shektelgen. Mysaly, neke dәstýrinde әielderding kýieu tandaugha mýmkindigi bolmaghan. Kýieui ólse, basqa kýieuge shygha almaghan, ol marqúmnyng inisine nemese aghasyna qosylugha mindetti bolghan.

Kóshpeli mәdeniyetting daghdarysqa úshy­rauyna baylanysty HIH ghasyrdyng ayaghy men HH ghasyrdyng basynda Qazaq­standa jana qoghamdyq qozghalys payda boldy. Últshyl Alash qozghalysy Qazaqstannyng qoghamdyq ómirinde óshpestey iz qaldyrdy. 1917 jyly Orynborda ótken Alash Or­da­nyng konferensiyasy әielderding qogham­da­ghy ómiri turaly sheshim qabyldap, myna­day tújyrymdargha keldi:

- әielder men erlerding sayasy qúqyq­tary teng boluy kerek;

- birinshi әieli kelisim bermese, ekinshi әiel alugha bolmaydy.

Dәstýrli qazaq qoghamyn­daghy әielder men erlerding әrqaysysynyng óz rólderi bolady. Kóshpendiler mәde­niye­tinde erler men әielder­ding mindetteri bólindi. Áyel­derding róli bala tәr­biye­leu­men, ýy sharua­shylyghyn jýrgizumen qatang shektelgen. Mysaly, neke dәstýrinde әielderding kýieu tandaugha mýmkindigi bolmaghan. Kýieui ólse, basqa kýieuge shygha almaghan, ol marqúmnyng inisine nemese aghasyna qosylugha mindetti bolghan.

Kóshpeli mәdeniyetting daghdarysqa úshy­rauyna baylanysty HIH ghasyrdyng ayaghy men HH ghasyrdyng basynda Qazaq­standa jana qoghamdyq qozghalys payda boldy. Últshyl Alash qozghalysy Qazaqstannyng qoghamdyq ómirinde óshpestey iz qaldyrdy. 1917 jyly Orynborda ótken Alash Or­da­nyng konferensiyasy әielderding qogham­da­ghy ómiri turaly sheshim qabyldap, myna­day tújyrymdargha keldi:

- әielder men erlerding sayasy qúqyq­tary teng boluy kerek;

- birinshi әieli kelisim bermese, ekinshi әiel alugha bolmaydy.

Osy konferensiyada úsynylghan iydeya­lar ol zamanda әielderding tyghyryqtan shyghatyn basqa joly bolghandyghyn kór­setedi. Eski salt-sana men әdet-ghúryptyng kýirey bastaghany, әiel rólining ózgergeni kórindi.

Álem tarihynda qúrsanyp qaru asy­nyp, qol bastap jaugha shapqan ne bolmasa memleket basqaryp, sol elding azattyghy, Tәuelsizdigi ýshin arystanday alysqan әiel adamdar az emes. Tipti әlemdik emes, óz qazaghymyzdyng keshegi, býgingi tarih qat­par­laryna kóz jýgirter bolsaq, qoramsaq toly jebe asynyp, aiqaylap jaudy qashy­ryp, týiilip kelgen dúshpannan qay­myq­pay, óz elining azattyghy ýshin sheyit bolghan apalarymyz jetkilikti. Áriyne, suyrtpaqtay bersek, arghy-bergi tarihta búlardan ózge de batyr apalarymyz este qaldy. Álem  tarihynda óshpes iz qaldyrghan, erligimen qatar, danalyghy anyz bolyp qalghan, búdan eki jarym myng jyl búryn ómir sýrgen úly daladan shyqqan saqtyng batyr qyzdary Tomiris jәne Zarina tarihta qaldy. Mәselen, jonghar shapqynshylyghy túsynda Abylayhan Darabozym dep erke­letip, syilaghan qazaqtyng bas sardary, úly qolbasshysy Qabanbay batyrdyng jary Gauhardyng erligin, tapqyrlyghyn eske alsaq ta jetedi. Qabanbay men Gauhar­dan tughan Nazym qyzdyng nebәri 16  jasyn­da Týrkistan týbinde ot shashqan jonghar zenbiregine batpay, úilyghysyp qalghan qazaq qolyn bastap, kәmshat bórik kiyip, nayza ornyna qolyndaghy qamshysyn búl­ghap «Abylaylap» jaugha shauyp, jon­ghar­lardy týre qughan erligi el esinde. Keshegi Kenesarynyng qaryndasy Bopaydyng erlermen birge óz elining azattyghy ýshin tolarsaqtan saz keship, jasanghan jaumen arystansha aiqasuy ne bolmasa qazaq tarihynda aqqan júldyzday iz qaldyrghan Shoqannyng әjesi Ayghanym hanymnyng eldi aqylmen basqarghanyn qalay úmytamyz? Múnyng syrtynda keshegi kenes zamanyn­daghy Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghysta shyghys­tyng qos shynary atanghan Mәnshýk pen Áliyanyng da erligi әli este.

Tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin qazaq qoghamy әielder mәselesin jana zaman talabyna oray janasha qyrynan kótere bastady. Nәtiyjesinde sayasi, qoghamdyq jәne ekonomikalyq jaghdaylardyng erek­sheligi eskerile otyryp, 1998 jyly Qazaq­stan Respublikasy Preziydentining janynan kenes beru organy - Otbasy jәne әielder isi jónindegi últtyq komissiya qúrylghany belgili. Naryqtyq ekonomikagha kóshu kóp­tegen adamdy tyghyryqqa tiredi. Áyelder jýgi auyrlady. Otbasyn asyrau, bala-shaghagha qamqorlyq, ýy sharua­sy - osynyng bәri erlerge qaraghanda әielderding moynyn­daghy jauapty is. 2004 jyly enbek­pen qamtu qyzmetterinde júmysqa ornalasu mәsele­leri boyynsha kelgender­ding ishinen әrbir altynshy әielge ghana júmys berilgen. Jo­gha­ry jәne orta arnayy bilimi bar 45 jas­taghy jәne odan ýlken әielderding júmys­­qa ornalasu mýmkindigi mýlde az. Qazirgi kezde jaldanyp júmys isteytin adamdar­dyng denin әielder qúraydy. Alayda olardyng enbek aqysy erlerding tabysynyng 61%-na ghana tatidy. Qazirgi tanda әiel­der densaulyq saqtau, bilim beru jәne sau­da siyaqty belgili bir salada shoghyrlan­ghan.

Qazaq әieli turaly sóz qozghau әri onay, әri qiyn. Óitkeni әiel - bizding anamyz, әiel - bizding әpke, qaryndasymyz. Áyel bizge toghyz ai, on kýn tolghatyp, «tar qúrsa­ghyn keney­tip, tas emshegin jibitip» ómir syilady. Keshegi qazaq әieli dәstýrli mәdeniyetting besiginde terbelip, qaynary­nan qanyp ishken. Qoghamdaghy óz ornyn jazbay tanyp, әieldikten danalyqqa, otba­sy, oshaq qasy tirliginen ruly elding qamyn jeytin el anasy dengeyine kóterile bilgen.

Derek

Resmy derek boyynsha Qazaq­standa 100 er adamgha 108 әiel­den keledi. Memlekettik qyzmet­tegi ortalyq jәne jergi­likti atqarushy oryndarda jú­mys isteytinderding 58 payyzy әiel­der­den túrady. Parlament depu­tattarynyng 21-i, yaghny 14 payyzy әiel. Barlyq dengeydegi mәslihattarda orta eseppen 17 payyzy deputat әiel bar. Ýkimette eki ministr, bir agenttik tórayymy, ministrlikterde tórt   jauapty hatshy jәne bes viyse-ministr, ortalyq atqaru­shy organdarda tórt jauapty hatshy qyzmetinde әiel qauymy. Tәuelsizdik alghannan keyingi jyl­darda biylikte 3-4 payyz ghana әiel bolsa, qazirgi kýni 14 payyz.

Avtor: Dinara Skabaeva, tarih pәnining múghalimi

"Alash ainasy" gazeti