Ortalyq Aziya respublikalarynyn, әsirese Qazaqstannyng Mysyrmen erekshe baylanysy bar. Búl, aldymen, atalghan memleketting islam elderining ishindegi zayyrly, demokratiyaly el bolghandyghynan, odan qalaberdi — elimiz Tәuelsizdik alysymen qayta jandanghan dinny isterdi bir izge týsirude osy eldi basty әriptes retinde tandap alghanymyzdan. Ótken 20 jylda eki elding qarym-qatynasy ýzdiksiz bekemdenip keldi. Biz Mysyrdan din men sayasattyng arajigin aiyru jaghynan tәjiriybe jinadyq. Diny bilim alghysy keletin jastarymyzdy osy elde oqyttyq. Olar býginde Qazaqstannyng diny ister salasynda manyzdy ról atqaryp otyr. Ekijaqty baylanys múnymen ghana shektelmeydi.

Janjaldyng basy — qordalanghan qoghamdyq qayshylyq

Ortalyq Aziya respublikalarynyn, әsirese Qazaqstannyng Mysyrmen erekshe baylanysy bar. Búl, aldymen, atalghan memleketting islam elderining ishindegi zayyrly, demokratiyaly el bolghandyghynan, odan qalaberdi — elimiz Tәuelsizdik alysymen qayta jandanghan dinny isterdi bir izge týsirude osy eldi basty әriptes retinde tandap alghanymyzdan. Ótken 20 jylda eki elding qarym-qatynasy ýzdiksiz bekemdenip keldi. Biz Mysyrdan din men sayasattyng arajigin aiyru jaghynan tәjiriybe jinadyq. Diny bilim alghysy keletin jastarymyzdy osy elde oqyttyq. Olar býginde Qazaqstannyng diny ister salasynda manyzdy ról atqaryp otyr. Ekijaqty baylanys múnymen ghana shektelmeydi.

Janjaldyng basy — qordalanghan qoghamdyq qayshylyq

2011 jylghy «Arab kóktemi» ózgerisinen song Qazaqstannyng arab elderimen, atap aitqanda, Mysyrmen baylanysy ózgeshe kezenge auysty. Búl, negizinen, «tónkeris neden boldy, onyng nәtiyjesinen ne kóruge bolady jәne tónkeristing bizge әseri qanday?» degen súraqtar tónireginde qalyptasty. «Arab kóktemi» Kaddafiydey bedeldi túlghany taqtan taydyrsa, Mýbarak siyaqty kәnigi sayasatkerdi temir torgha toghytty, Siriyadaghy soghys kýni býginge deyin tolastamay keledi. Jeke Mysyrdyng ózinde oryn alghan jaghdaydyng damuy da tosyn oqighalargha toly boldy. Mysyrda 2012 jyly aqpan aiynda bastalghan azamattyq ereuilding sony jappay janjalgha úlasty da, aty demokratiya bolsa da, zaty avtokratiyalyq jýiege jaqyndau Mysyrdy 29 jyl basqarghan Mubarakty biylikten taydyrdy. Taydyryp qoyghan joq, týrmege toghytyp, halyqqa oq atudy búiyrghan aiypty retinde tergeudi bastady. Sonymen bir uaqytta elde saylau ótip, basym dauyspen «músylman bauyrlastar» odaghynyng sayasy serkesi Mursy el preziydenti bolyp saylandy. Arada bir jyl ótpesten Mysyr taghy da tolqydy. Ereuildegen halyq Mursidy qysymgha alyp, sonynda әskeriylerding aralasuymen ol da biylikten erkinen tys shettetildi. Mubarakty týrmege toghytqan Mursiyding ózi de sonynda temir tordyng arjaghynan bir-aq shyqty. Onyng sony jana janjalgha, jana qantógiske ainaldy. Kýlli әlem  osy tónkeristerdi demin ishine tarta otyryp baqylady deuge bolady. Júrttyng kókeyinde  «Áldeqashan demokratiyalyq jýiege ótken, arab dýniyesining serkesi — Mysyrgha ne boldy?» degen súraq túr.

Búl súraqtyng jauabyn biz Mysyrda tughan tolqudyng basynda kimderding túrghanyna, olardyng kim ekenin, tónkeristen song olardyng nege kelise almaghanyna taldau jasasaq taba alamyz. Mysyrda 2012 jyly aqpanda bastalghan tolqugha eki sayasy top bastamashylyq etti. Olar — Mubaraktyng avtokratiyalyq biylik jýiesin ózgertudi qalaghan sayasy liyberaldar men músylman bauyrlar úiymy. Búl eki top aldymen qarsylyq sharalaryn ótkizip, sonynda jappay tәrtipsizdikting arqasynda Mubarakty taqtan taydyryp tyndy. Demokratiyalyq jýiege say biylik auysqannan keyin sózsiz jana kýshter halyqtyq saylau arqyly biylikke kelui tiyis bolatyn. Solay boldy da. Saylauda basym dauys jinaghan músylman bauyrlar úiymynyng ókili Mursy preziydent bolyp saylandy. Biraq, búl Mysyrda oryn alghan sayasy qayshylyqtardy sheshe alghan joq, qayta, jana qayshylyqtar tudyrdy. Bastysy, Mursy biylikke kelgen song qabyldaghan Ata zang sharighat zandaryn elestetti de, liyberaldar bastaghan ózge sayasy toptardyng qatang qarsylyghyna úshyrady. Olardyng kórsetken dәleli: «Mysyr — zayyrly memleket, onyng Ata zany sharighat negizinde jazylmauy tiyis». Osydan baryp Mysyr qoghamy jana sayasy teketires kezenine ótip, onyng sony әskeriylerding aralasuymen qan tógilgen tónkeriske úlasty. Sayasy sholushylardyng jazuynsha, mәselening búlaysha ushyghuy әuelden-aq belgili bolatyn. Sebebi, Mysyr qoghamynda dinning alatyn orny ózgeshe. Músylman bauyrlar úiymy men liyberal sayasy úiymdar eski avtokratiyalyq jýieni auystyruda til tabysa alsa da, odan keyingi sayasy ómirde kelise aluy ekitalay edi. Liyberaldar qoghamnyng zayyrly boluyn qadaghalasa, músylman bauyrlar úiymy elding islam qúndylyqtary negizinde ómir sýruin qalaydy. Tamyry terenge tartqan búl sayasy teketiresti demokratiyalyq jýie sheshuge sharasyz bolyp qaldy. Búdan Mysyrda oryn alghan sayasy oqighalardyng «esegine shomy say kelmeuden» tughan sayasy janjal ekenin angharamyz.

Eski әri jana shiyr

Búl arada «nelikten Mysyrdyng demokratiyalyq sayasy jýiesi óz artyqshylyghyn sәulelendire almady?» degen zandy súraq tuady. Negizinde batys ýlgisindegi demokratiyalyq sayasy jýie — Europa qoghamynyng birtindep damuynyng tikeley tuyndysy. Búl arada hristian dinining janarudan ótip, birtindep qoghamnyng sayasy ózgerisimen ýndesip ómir sýre aluy túr. Býgingi batys qoghamynda din men sayasat orta ghasyrdaghyday qayshy dýnie emes, qayta birin-biri tolyqtap otyratyn qúndylyqtar. Múnymen salystyrghanda Mysyr qoghamyndaghy sayasat pen din әldeqayda qayshylyqty jaghdayda, tipti, orta ghasyrgha tәn teketires kýide deuge bolady. Qogham bir ýstelding basynda otyryp ózara kelisip, jol berisip júmys istey almaytyn sayasy kýshterding biylikke talasatyn maydanyna ainalsa, onday elde demokratiya birden avtokratiyalyq sayasy jýiege auysyp otyrghan. Mubaraktyng Mysyrda 30 jylgha juyq biylik qúruynyng syry da osynda jatsa kerek. Mysyrdyng ótken ghasyrdyng 50-jyldarynda batys ýlgisindegi demokratiyalyq sayasy jýiege engeni belgili. Soghan qaramastan elding ózindik bolmysy biylikke Mubarakty әkeldi. Mysyr shyn mәninde demokratiyaly el bola alghan joq. Soghan qaramastan dәl qazir Mysyr qoghamy osy eski әri jana shiyrdy qaytalaymyz ba, joq?! — degen manyzdy tandau kezeninde túr.

Al batys qoghamy bolsa, búl shiyrdy songhy ret bir jarym ghasyrdyng aldynda bastan ótkergen. «1848 jyly fransuz júmysshy taby men liyberaldar birlesip patshany taqtan taydyrdy. Alayda, eski jýiening qirauymen «tónkerisshilderdin» qatary birden ydyrady. Liyberaldar júmysshy tabynyng sayasy qalauynan qatty ýreylendi de, birtindep ózine jana odaqtas izdey bastady. Olar júmysshy tabyna qarsy odaqtas retinde eski jýiening qaldyq kýshterin paydalandy. Sodan fransuz qoghamynda eski avtokratiyalyq jýie ónin ózgertip qaytyp oraldy. Dәl býgin osy jaghday Mysyrda da qaytalanuda. Eski jýiening qirauymen liyberaldar (fransuz qoghamyndaghy júmysshy tabynan ýrkkeni siyaqty) islam bauyrlastar úiymyn jau sanay bastady da, eski jýiening qaldyq kýshterimen odaqtasudy bastady. Egiypet keshegi avtokratiyalyq jýiege qayta oraludyng aldynda túr...

Islamshyldar Mysyrda qalayda iri, úiymdyq jýiesi myghym, әuletti sayasy kýsh retinde qala beredi.  Áskeriyler men liyberaldar keleshektegi Mysyrdyng sayasy kartasynda islamshyldargha oryn baryn qalayda moyyndauy kerek. Búlay bolmay, islamshyldardy qaralau oryn alsa, Mysyrda tynyshtyq bola qoymaydy. 1848 jyldan keyingi bir ghasyrda Europada sosial-demokrattar (júmysshy tabyn qamtyghan), liyberaldar men patshalyqty qoldaushylar kerise otyryp kelisip, aqyrynda býgingi demokratiyaly qoghamgha jetti. Tayau Shyghystaghy sayasy elita osydan sabaq aluy tiyis», — dep jazdy Sh.Borman («Mysyrlyqtar Marksting sózinen sabaq aluy kerek»).  

Búdan týierimiz, Mysyr qoghamyndaghy islam dinining róline nazar audarmay bolmaydy. Úzaq tarihy bar islam dini bastan-ayaq ústanymyn ózgertken emes. Búl jaghynan ol Batystyng reformalaudan ótken hiristian dinine mýlde úqsamaydy. Al islam dini Mysyrda qalay bolsa, Qazaqstanda da dәl sonday.  Tek azdaghan paryq — biz 70 jylgha juyq ateystik qoghamnan keyin dindi shyt jana qabyldap jatyrmyz da, al Egiypette ol әbden ornyqqan. Búl jaghynan Qazaqstandaghy dinning jaghdayy tipti de kýrdeli deuge bolady.

Dinning qoghamdyq rólin óz ornyna qoya aldyq pa?

Elimiz Tәuelsizdik alghan shiyrek ghasyrgha juyq uaqytta qazaq halqy islam dinining qaytyp oraluyn qúshaq jaya qarsy aldy. Sonymen birge biz kýlli әlemge ózimizdi Batys ýlgisindegi zayyrly elmiz dep jariyaladyq.  Búl ústanym Ata zanymyzda taygha tanba basqanday anyq jazylghan. Búl bizding elde din sayasatqa aralaspaydy degendi bildiredi. Biz dәstýrli islam dininen de, zayyrly qoghamnyng qaybirinen de bas tartugha sharasyzbyz. Múny belgilegen — bizding memleketting týpki bolmysy. Alayda, Mysyrda kórinis bergendey, uaqyt óte kele bizding qoghamda da dinning sayasatqa aralasu mýmkindigi joq emes. Sebep — bizde qayta oralghan dinimizding qanday qoghamdyq ról oinaugha tiyis ekendigi nemese dinning qoghamdyq ómirimizdegi shek-shekarasy turaly mәsele әli tolyq óz ornyn tapqan joq. Búl anyqtalmaghan jerde dindi kez-kelgen mәselege tyqpalaugha mýmkindik tuady. Bizding ainalamyzda qazirding ózinde kýndelikti ómirde zayyrly elding zan-týzimi men qaghidasynyng talabymen emes, sharighat zandarynyng talabymen ómir sýretin azamattar tobynyng qalyptasa bastaghanyn nesin jasyramyz. Olardyng úghymynda memleket zanynan góri sharighat zany әldeqayda yqpaldy jәne sonymen ómir sýrudi qalaydy. Uaqyt óte kele búl ústanym osy azamattardyng sayasy erkinde, aitalyq, demokratiyalyq saylauda kórinis bermeydi dep eshkim de aita almaydy. Al búl zayyrly elding sayasy jýiesining tepe-tendigine syzat týsirip, qoghamnyng tynyshtyghyn shayqauy mýmkin.

Sondyqtan dinning qoghamdyq yqpalyna ýstirt qaraugha bolmaydy. Din — senim ghana emes, qaru da bola alady. Dinning qoghamdaghy ornyn kem baghalasaq, onda atstik dýniyetanymnyng batpaghyna qayta batuymyz mýmkin. Degenmen, biz ýshin búnyng mýmkindigi azdau. Al artyq baghalasaq, aitalyq, kýni keshegi siyaqty әleumettik oryndardyng bәrinde namazhana ashsaq, supermarketterde qúdaydyng suretin shygharyp sadaqa tilesek, t.b. onda bara-bara barlyq salagha sharighat zandaryn kirgizuge tiyis bolamyz. Búl arada memleket ýshin Ata zannyng el azamattarynyng nәsiline, últyna, jynysyna, ústanghan dinine qaramay bәrinen ýstem túratynyn qoghamnyng basty qúndylyghy retinde dәripteuding manyzy zor. Osy tanym azamattar sanasynda myzghymastay oryn alghanda ghana diny ústanym qoghamdaghy ózine tәn ornyn tabatyn bolady. Sayasatty qamtyghan qoghamdyq kelisim sharttary sonda dúrys júmys istey alady.

Múnda memlekettegi jetekshi últ bolghan qazaq halqynyng últtyq qúndylyghyn  nasihattau da asa qajet. Qazaqstan Din isteri komiytetining tóraghasy Lama Shәrip Qazaq memlekettik qyzdar pedagogika uniyversiytetinde oqyghan leksiyasynda «qazaq tilining bay sózdik qorynda «hidjab» degen sóz joq. Hidjap kii últtyq dәstýrimizge jat nәrse» dep atap kórsetti. Qazaq ejelden dalalyq órkeniyetting mәieginen qanyp ishken, erkindikke boy úrghysh halyq. Qazaq islam dinin qabyldaghanda ony ózining ómir sýru bolmysyna qaray iykemdep qabyldaghan. Dinge kózsizdikpen emes, aqylmen bet búrghan. Býgingi qazaqtyng ruhany ústazy, bayyrghy dýnie men jana dýniyening qiysqan túsynda túrghan Abaydyng boyynan biz qazaq halqyna tәn qasiyetting biraz kelbetin bayqaymyz. Abay «Allanyng ózi de ras, sózi de ras» deydi, ol kisi taghy «esekting artyn jusang da mal tap» degen.  Búl — Abaydyng boyyndaghy ýlken realistik dýniyetanymnyng bir kórinisi. Al realistik dýniyetanym demokratiyalyq prinsipterge bastaytyn joldyng basy. Qoghamda shynayy realistik dýniyetanym  ýstemdik qúryp, azamattyq sana basymdyq alghanda ghana demokratiyalyq qúndylyqtar men diny senim bostandyghy óz bolmysynda ýilesip ómir sýre alady. Biz qoghamdy osyghan qaray jeteleuge tiyispiz.

Abai.kz