JAS AZAMAT

6 - san

1918 jylghy 4 oktyabri

Petropavl q.

ÓMIR ÝShIN KÝRESU

Adam balasyna jan-dýnie qamy ýshin aldymen tamaq, kiyim, ýy kerek. Ásirese tamaqsyz, kiyimsiz túru mýmkin emes. Mal asyrau, egin salu, sauda qylu, ústalyq qúru, til, qolóner, kәsip qylu, jalgha jýru, tilemshilik qylu, úrlyq qylu - bar jerde jan dýniyening qamy. Osynday joldarmen ómir ýshin kýreskender kóp. Búlardyng ishinen bireuining túrmysy jaqsy, ekinshisining túrmysy ortasha, ýshinshisi jaman.

JAS AZAMAT

6 - san

1918 jylghy 4 oktyabri

Petropavl q.

ÓMIR ÝShIN KÝRESU

Adam balasyna jan-dýnie qamy ýshin aldymen tamaq, kiyim, ýy kerek. Ásirese tamaqsyz, kiyimsiz túru mýmkin emes. Mal asyrau, egin salu, sauda qylu, ústalyq qúru, til, qolóner, kәsip qylu, jalgha jýru, tilemshilik qylu, úrlyq qylu - bar jerde jan dýniyening qamy. Osynday joldarmen ómir ýshin kýreskender kóp. Búlardyng ishinen bireuining túrmysy jaqsy, ekinshisining túrmysy ortasha, ýshinshisi jaman.

 Búlay boludyng sebebi: kýresushilerding әdis-tәsil jaghynan aiyrma barlyghynan. Ne iske bolsa da әdis kerek. Jәne zaman ótken sayyn әdis ózgerip túrmaqshy. Mysaly: túrmys jóninde eng әdisshil Germaniyadaghy nemisti hәm әdissiz bizding qazaqty alayyq. Ekeui de ómir ýshin kýresedi, biraq nemis әdispen kýresedi hәm zamangha qaray әdisin ózgertip otyrady. Sondyqtan, ekeuining túrmysynda jer men kókting arasynday aiyrma bar.

Ol mynau:

1) Nemis týrli qymbat tastardan, aghashtan salynghan ýilerde túrghanda, qazaq shymnan salynghan jer ýishikte jatady,

2) Nemis malyn neshe myngha alatyn jerde qazaq malyn tekke de almaydy,

3) Qazaq qara topyryq jerde eginge jarymaydy, nemis tastay jerde egindi mol alady,

4) Nemis fabrikadan shyghatyn kezdemesin, zavodtan shyghatyn dәri-dәrimekter siyaqty nәrselerin, ózinen asyryp shet júrttargha jetkizip jatqanda,

5) Bizding qazaq satyp alugha taba almay, óz denesin azer-mәzer jauyp otyr,

 6) Fabrika-zavodtar, temir jol, parahod-aeroplandar nemis júrtynan tabylady.

Bizde múnyng biri de joq. Búdan bayqaldy, ómirmen kýresu ýshin qily júrttardyng qanday әdis pen is qylatyndyqtary. Hәm sonyng arqasynda tamaghy toq, kóilegi kók, ensesi kóterinki, sharuasynyng joghary ekendigi. Sharuany týzeuge әrtýrli әdisterdi qoldanu ýshin sayasy kendik bolyp, ýkimet jaghynan bir de qysymshylyq bolmasqa kerek. Orys halqynyng sharuasynyng artta qaluy, eski ýkimetting sharuagha qysynqy sayasy túmyldyryq salghandyqtan bolatyn.

Ýlken ózgeristen beri sharuagha sayasy kendik tudy. Búrynghy uaqyttarda bizding qazaqtyng oqyghan azamattary biringhay sayasat jolymen jýrushi edi. Áli de azamattarymyz sol jolda. Búlay jýrmeske osy kýngi zaman aghymy qoyatyn emes.

 Sonda da sharuany keyin qaldyrugha bolmaydy. Sondyqtan, sayasat tarazysynda salmaghy az oqyghandarymyz, el sharuasyna kirisuleri layyq.                    20-synshy ghasyr sharuanyng qoly ekenin úmytpau kerek. Elding kirisi azayyp, shyghysy kóbeyip barady. Búl qalyppen jýre berse, sharuanyng jayy ketedi.

Búdan bylay birkelki azamattar sharuanyng kýizelgenin qayta týzetip, gýldenetin sharualaryn qarastyryp, kerekti isterdi qolgha alu kerek. Sharuanyng joly taram-taram bolghandyqtan, oghan isteytin sharalar da әr týrli bolmaqshy.

Qazaqqa kiyetin kiyimdi, ishetin shaydy, ústaytyn ydys-ayaqtardy arzan alu ýshin, úiym dýkenderin ashu kerek. Aqshasy joq kedeylerge astyq, kiyim ýshin, alym ýshin tayynsha-torpaghyn bergizbestey, úsaq qaryz seriktikterin ashu kerek.

Qazaqtyng malynyng túqymyn asyldandyratyn, egin sharuasyn týzeytin auyl sharuasy úiymdaryn ashu kerek. Qazaqtyng teri-tersegin, jýn-júrqasyn, mayyn, malyn eriksiz kóndirip shet júrtqa satqyzbastay, alys-beris úiymdaryn ashu kerek.

Úiymdar turaly búl maqalada barlyghyn jazyp bolmaydy. Sondyqtan, kelesi nómirlerde әr úiym turaly bir-bir maqala jazarmyn.

Smaghúl Saduaqasov.

***

QYSQA HABARLAR

Alash Orda. Qúryltay aghzalarynyn qúralghan Samara komiyteti «Alash Ordagha» qaru-jaraq, kiyim-keshek bere bastaghan. Shamasy Alash milisiyasyna jetkilikti.

Memleket kenesi. 23-sentyabride Ufadan habar keldi. Memleket kenesining jalpy jiylysy rizalastyratyn komissiyanyng úsynghan jobalaryn qabyl alyp, uaqytsha jalpy Rossiya ýimetin saylady degen. Saylanghandar: Avksentiev, Ostrov, Voldiyev, Vologodskiy, Chaykovskiy. Búlardyng orynbasarlary: Argonov, Vinogradov, general Alekseev, Sapojnikov, Zinzinov.

Rizalastyratyn komissiyagha Bashqúrtstannan: Ahmed Ualidi, Alash Ordadan Álihan Bókeyhanov, Týrkistannan Mústafa Shoqaev, ishki Rossiya hәm Sibir músylmandarynyng mәdeny múhtariatynan Mamleev kirgen edi.

Jana saylanghan ýkimetting keleshekte oryndaugha mindetti júmystary mynau:

 1) Rossiya jerin bolishevikterden tazartu,

 2) Rossiyadan bólinip irgesin bólek salghan oblystardy qayyra federasiya (әsker, pochta, temir jol, syrt patshalarmen qatynasu, ortalyq ýkimette bolyp qalghan ishki júmystardy әr ólkening óz yqtiyaryna beru) negizimen biriktiru,

 3) Bolishevikterding Brest qalasyndaghy jasaghan bitim shartyn búzyp, Germaniyagha qarsy odaqtas patshalyqtar men birigip soghys ashu,

 4) myqty halyq әskerin jasau,

 5) Federasiyaly qara búqara biyleytin saylama patshalyq bolyp, Sibirdi hәm sol siyaqty avtonomiyalardy tanu,

 6) tezinen Rossiya qúryltayyn shaqyru,

 7) jana saylaular men zemstvony sau qalypqa týsiru,

 8) әleumet tynyshtyghyn, memleket tәrtibin saqtau sharalaryna kirisu,

 9) últ sayasaty әr júrttardyng mәdeny hәm jerli avtonomiyalaryn tanu negizinde qúrylu,

 10) qymbatshylyqpen kýresu (zavod-fabrikalardyng ashyluyna jәrdemdesu, sauda kәsipti retke salu, júmysker zakonyn týzeu siyaqtylar),

 11) janadan qaghaz aqsha shygharmay, búrynghy talondardy rettep, tóte ainalymgha engizu hәm kiris salyqtaryn kýsheytu,

 12) әr audannyng sharua saltyna qaray, jerdi paydalandyru, týpki negiz jer enbek qylghandiki bolu.

Búl kisilerden qúralghan ýkimet 1919 jyldyng 1 yanvaryna deyin atqarghan isteri turaly esep beredi. Sol 1 yanvarigha ýkimet Qúryltay aghzalaryn shaqyrady. Búlardyng sany 250-ge jetpese, kenes ashyluy fevraligha qaldyrylady. Songhyda aghzalar sany 170-ke tolsa da, Qúryltay kenes ashady, Qúryltay sonynda ýkimet tolyq esep beredi. Búdan keyin Qúryltay jana saylau turasynda zakon (ilese jana ýkimet saylap, soghan bar janashyldyqty tapsyryp) shygharady.

Jogharydaghy júmystar týgelimen oryndalghansha, talaygha baqyt joldary tuyp, talaydyng baqyt joldary batar, talaydyng tany jyrtylyp, shashy agharar múny keleshek kórsetedi. Áziz iske sәt deymiz!

Eki jyldyq múghalimder kursy

Oblastnoe zemskoe sobraniyening qaulysy boyynsha, Ombyda hәm Atbasar qalasynda eki jyldyq múghalimder kursy ashylady (әrqaysysy 60 kisilik). Kursta «Bala oqytudyng eng tóte jolynan» basqa taghy kóp maghúlmat beriledi. Programmasy az jylda seminariyagha ainaldyru oida bolghandyqtan, orystyng seminariyasynyng programmasyna jaqyn. Oqu taza ana tilde bolady. Medreseler (oqytushylar) ysylghan kisilerden bolady. Oqytushylardy zemstvo jar salyp shaqyrtyp almaqshy. Oqu birinshi sentyabride bastalyp, apreli aiynda bitedi. Biyl 15 sentyabride bastalady(eskishe). Eki jyl oqyp shyqqan múghalimder orys uchiytelderimen birdey aqy hәm dәreje alady.

Tilek bildirgen jastar erterek oblastnoe zemstvonyng qazaq bólimshesine oqyghany (bilimi) turaly sypatnamalar tapsyruy kerek.

Oqushylardyng tamaq pen kiyminen basqa rashody zemstvodan.

Kurske alynady:

Jasy 16-dan asqan hәm júqpaly nauqasy joq adamdar.

Bilim jaghynan: oryssha eki klasty shkola bitirgender.

 Chastnyy (óz betimen) oqyp, jogharghy kórsetilgen riytimdi bilim alghandar.

 Búrynghy eski medreselerde jaqsy oqyp shyghyp, el ishinde bala oqytyp jýrgender aryz berip habarlasushylargha әdiris:

g. Omsk, obl. Zemskaya uprava, inorodcheskiy otdel.

* * *

Kókshetau habary

Birinshi, Kókshetaudyng uezdnoy zemskiy uprava chleny Erqosay Múqyshev Ombydan kelip, óz júmysyna kiristi. Zemstvo paydasyn týsinbey jýrgen júrtqa týsindirip, týzu basshylyq qylar dep ýmit qylamyz.

 Ekinshi, Aqsary bolysynyng myng jylqy, myng qoyy bar Sәtbay Bayghúsov degen bayy bolishevik uaqytynda Ermúhamet Toqbaevpen birigip, eldi qan jylatyp edi. Ózgeris bolghan son, az kýn bolsa da týrmege otyryp, jazasyn ótep shyqty.

Ýshinshi, qys boyy Ombydaghy «Ýsh Jýz» partiyasynyng qosarynda jýrgen Ábilqayyr Dosov degen shәkirtti, Kókshetaudyng «Alash Ordasy» qiynshylyqqa alyp edi. «Kón qúrysa - qalpyna tartady» degendey, qalpyna tartyp, eki jýzdiligi bilingen son, hatshylyqtan quyldy. (Toqbaev, Bayghúsov, Dosov kerey-moyynnan bir bolystan, jaqyn aghayyndar). Múnday aramzalardy Alashtyng Aq-pәk ordalarynyng manayynan jýrgizbeu kerek.

Tilshi.

. * * *

Bolishevikke jaza

Baqytjan Qarataev sovet ashyp, býlinshilik kirgizip, bolishevik komissary bolghany ýshin tergelip, alty jyl katorjnyy rabotagha ýkim qylynyp, abaqtygha alynghandyghy mәlim boldy.

«Sofysynghan qojanyng sәldesi qaldy, boqtyqta» degen kepti Baqytjan, Kólbaylar kiyip otyr. Kýni keshe dinshildiktin, týrikshildikting kólenkesinde jýrgen myrzalar dinge, últqa qas bolishevikterding qosyn tigisti. Olardyng el tartu maqsatymen «músylman», «týrik» degen sózderine aldanyp, iman keltirip, tilek qosqan Kólbaygha últjanshyldar qazaqtan da, tatar bauyrlarymyzdan da shyghyp edi.

 Búdan bylay kimning bolsa da, qyzyl bagha bermey, isining týpki júmysyna qaraugha jaqsy boldy. Auzyna Allany alyp, kóniline shiqan úyalatyp, ataq ýshin jelshe qúbylatyndardy pir tútpasqa jaqsy boldy.

***

Basqarmadan: Baspahanadaghy júmyskerler 30 avgusten (janasha) bastap zabastovka (is toqtatu) jasaghandyqtan, gazetting 6-nshy nómeri biraz keshigip shyqty. Zabastovka әli de toqtaghan joq. Baspahana iyesi jana júmyskerler alyp jatyr. Biz de jana әrip terushiler aldyq.

«Kisinikining kilti aspanda» degen osy: gazetimizding taghdyry bótenning qolynda.

Áli de sonday toqtalystar mýmkin. Sonyng ýshin oqushylarymyzdan ótinerimiz: shetin bolghan sebeptermen gazet az uaqyt toqtalyp qalsa, yqylastaryn suytpauyn, jas gazetke meyirimdilikpen qaraularyn. «Qos jýre týzeledi».

Gazetting sandaryn  baspagha dayyndaghan, týsinikterin jazghan

M. Qozybaev atyndaghy SQMU professory

Zarqyn Tayshybay

Abai.kz