JAS AZAMAT 

7 - san

1918 jylghy 15 oktyabri

Petropavl q.

QALA DUMASYNA SAYLAU

 Duma saylauynda qazaq paydasyna qayshy keletin aspektiler mynau:

 1) Narodnaya svoboda partiyasy - kadet jalghyz-aq orys mereyi ýstem bolsyn, basqa últtar jym bolsyn deydi;

 2) Baylardiki - atyna iyligip, qazaq baylary búghan qosylugha jaramaydy, qasqyrgha qoy joldas emes. Moskvanyng fabrikanttary Sibir baylaryna búl uaqytqa deyin fabrika-zavod ashqyzbay kelgendegi baylardyng maqsatynyng bir jerden shyqpaytyndyghyn kórsetedi;

 3) Partiyasyzdardiki - búghan qyryq rudan kiredi berekesi joq bolady;

JAS AZAMAT 

7 - san

1918 jylghy 15 oktyabri

Petropavl q.

QALA DUMASYNA SAYLAU

 Duma saylauynda qazaq paydasyna qayshy keletin aspektiler mynau:

 1) Narodnaya svoboda partiyasy - kadet jalghyz-aq orys mereyi ýstem bolsyn, basqa últtar jym bolsyn deydi;

 2) Baylardiki - atyna iyligip, qazaq baylary búghan qosylugha jaramaydy, qasqyrgha qoy joldas emes. Moskvanyng fabrikanttary Sibir baylaryna búl uaqytqa deyin fabrika-zavod ashqyzbay kelgendegi baylardyng maqsatynyng bir jerden shyqpaytyndyghyn kórsetedi;

 3) Partiyasyzdardiki - búghan qyryq rudan kiredi berekesi joq bolady;

 4)...siynatyndar kóp bolady. Osy aspektilerding birinde qosylmalyq.

 Qala qazaqtary Alash atynan bólek tizim jasauy kerek. Ynghayy kelse, basqa músylmandarmen, yaky isker partiyasymen blok jasau kerek. Bay-jarly, kәri-jas, tóre-qara demey, Alash aruaghyna birigip, saylau kýni jalpy jar salu kerek.

      Rossiyany kórden jaryqqa shygharghan Cheh halqynyng sosialdary Germaniyanyn, Avstriyanyng sosialdaryna jar salmay, ózderining baylaryna saldy. Songhylar da ózderining sosialdaryna saldy. Jayshylyqta ózara qayshylasyp jatsa da, «Últ» degen úrangha kelgende birigip ketedi. «Óz óltirmeydi... ólseng de últynmen bol!» degendi úmytpay, dumanyng saylauyna kirisu kerek.

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ZEMSTVO

Ótken jyly 17 iini zakony boyynsha Aqmola oblysynda zemstvo júmysyn toqtatyp tastap edi. Endi qaytadan ornyna qoyyla bastady. Aqmola oblysynyng zemstvosy naghyz jalpaq júrtqa qolayly, ala kózben qaramaytyn zemstvo dep esepteledi. Búryngha ishki Rossiya zemstvosy nasharlargha sarang qaraytyn aqsýiektik edi. Qazirgi zemstvoda ol joq. Zemstvonyng shyn maghynasy – әr audannyng jergilikti sharuasynyng óz qolynda bolu. Zemstvogha saylanghan kisilerdi glasnyy deydi. Sol glasnyilar halyq sharuasyna ýlgi...

Bir bolys elding mún-múqtajdaryn qarastyratyn volostnoe zemskoe sobranie (glasnyilar jiylysy) bolyp túrmaqshy. Bir uezd elding qamy ýshin uezdnoe zemskoe sobranie bolady. Ári sobranie uezding bekitken iygi qaulylaryn oryndaugha zemskaya uprava saylap ketedi, ekinshi jiylysqa deyin. Endi jaqsylyqta da, jamandyqta da, halyqtyng ózinen búrynghy eriksiz qoyylatyn, sharuagha jany ashymaytyn ýkimet tóreleri joq. Sonyng ýshin upravalargha iske aq jýrek, adal niyetti kisilerdi saylau kerek.

Zemskoe sobraniyede sheshilip, uprava oryndaytyn júmystardyng biri oqu-oqytu. Búl júmys songhy uaqytqa deyin retsiz qalypta keldi. Mysalgha, Aqmola oblysyn alayyq. Búl oblysta qazaq sany 600 mynday. Búdan mektepte oqugha jaramdy balalar (8 jastan 13 jasqa deyin) 54 mynday, solardan sabaq oqityndary 4 prosent (jýzden tórt) úzyn sany – 2329 bala shamasynda. Osy qalyppen qazaq balalarynyng jýzden toqsan altysy nadan kýide qala bermek.

Mine, zemstvonyng bir ýlken boryshy ana 51700 balany nadan qaldyrmay, oqytu. Orystardyng oqugha jaraghan balalary 73 mynday. Barlyq orys Aqmola oblysynda 816 490. Sol 73 mynnyng jartysynan kóbi (elu bir prosent) oqidy. Qysqasy, qazaqtan tórt qana bala oqysa, orystan 51 bala oqidy.

Ótken oblastnoe zemskoe sobraniyede bekitilip, qazaq turaly oryndalghan qaulylar mynau: 1) Ombyda eki ailyq múghalimder kursy ashylyp, odan 70-ten asa múghalim bitirip shyqty; 2) qazaq balalaryna arnalghan orys seminariyalarynda, Ombydaghy orta dәrejeli sharua shkolynda, Húsniye, Ghaliya, Rasulie siyaqty medreselerde stependiyalar ashyldy; 3) oblastnoy mýghalimder sezi jasaldy; 4) bastauysh mektepterge layyq oqu kitaptary basylyp jatyr; 5) Atbasar men Ombyda eki jyldyq múghalimder kursy ashylayyn dep jatyr.

Búlardan basqa Qyzyljardyng uezdnoe zemskoe sobraniyesi Qyzyljar uezining qazaghyna dep 67 mektep ashpaqshy. Ombyniki de 30 shamaly mektep ashpaqshy bolghan. Jәne oblastnoe sobranie jasy úlghayghandardy oqytugha mektep jasaugha hәm bes uezde 5 kitaphana ashugha qauly bekitti. Songhyny tezirek iske asyrugha qazaqtyng oqu bólimderi kirise bastady. Osynday júmystargha oblastnoe zemskoe sobraniya 19-ynshy jyldyng basyna deyin 247 340 som shyghardy. Búl somanyng jartysy qazynadan, jartysy zemstvodan. Songhy ol somany zemskiy sbordan (salyq) beredi.

Búlardy jaryqqa shygharu, kóbinese, el adamdarynyn, glasnyilardyn, volostnaya upravalardyng qolynda. Mektepti elding jii jerinde ashu, otyn-suyn uaqytynda dayarlap beru, tәuir, taza ýy tabu. Oqu jasyndaghy balalardy mektepke beru adamdardyng mindeti.

(Jalghasy bar).

Zemstvo kisisi.

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Kerekuden

Biyl jazda jauyn bolmady. Egin-shóp kem. Toghaydaghy elder qazaq-orystan jer satyp alyp shapty. 300-400 somgha alghan jerden 2-3 shoshaq shyqty. Ýsh sybagha orys, bir sybagha qazaq bolyp ortaqtasqannyng ýstine, qazaqtardan aqsha qosqandar da boldy. Myng qarasy bar ýilerde 10 shoshaq almaghany bar. Orys erte qamtyp, taqyrdan qyryp, qazynalyq jerlerdi shauyp aldy. Endi eginning ornyn shauyp jatyr. Qysty kýni malyna shóp taba almay sasqalaqtap, qazaqqa satugha, qazir orys shóp shappay túr, sonyna sary ayazda artyq baghamen satady. Búl endi, qazaq jerine qonys salghan orystardyng ata kәsibi boldy. «Janymyzda orys bolmasa, ashtan óler edik» dep úyalmay aitqan qazaqtardy talay kórdim. Endi mújyqtar aqshany kereksiz qyp, malgha satamyz degen auyrudy shygharypty. Osymen jalanash, jayau kelgen mújyqtar qorasyn malgha toltyratyn kórinedi. Qazaq sharuasy kýn sayyn keyin ketip kemiytin kórinedi.

Bekmúhamet Serkebaev.

* * *

Basqarmadan: Nemis júrtyn biriktirgen bilgish Bismark aitqan eken: «Orys halqy araqty kóp iship, mas boluyn qoysa, ónerli bop keter edi», dep.

 Teginde bizding qazaq ta bay men jarlyny, artyq-kemdikti eskerttirmeytin qymyzdy qoysa, keleshegin oilap qam qylar edi.

* * *

ESKERU KEREK

Keshegi eshkimge baghynbay, eldi han biylep, kósem by biylegen zaman - kiyiz tuyrlyqty qazaqtyng tarihynda әrkimge belgili bir dәuir. Ol zaman ótti. Odan bergi bizding hal búlqynbay jatqa baghynudyng jolynda boldy. Keng qazaq dalasyn әlde neshe ukaz sayqaldap shyqty. Kóp ózgeris janalyqtar boldy. Áuelgi qazaqtyng halyqtyq qalpy neshe tolyp, neshe kishireyip shym-shytyryq týrlerge týsti. Ár týrli ukazdardan shyqqan ózgeris halyq baqytyn mysqaldap, jyljytyp, qúldyq qúshaghyna tastaghaly әkeldi. Neshe ret qazaq halqy zyndannyng erneuine kelip qaytty.

 Búl uaqytta zaman ol túmandy seyiltti. Endi qanday ózgerister bolsa da, halyq joghalmaydy, baqyt qayta oralyp kýlip qaraydy, degen ýmit Alash jýregin quantyp túr.

Bir júrttyng basynan keshken әrtýrli dәuir, sol halyqtyng qalpyna әrtýrli iz qaldyryp otyratyny tarih jýzinen belgili. Bastan keshken shabynshylyq, búzaqy tentektik, batyrlar, handar zamany qazaqqa ózge bir minez berip, halyqtyq qalpyn basqa bir týrge týsirgen. Zaman talqysy: shabynshylyq, bassyzdyq eriksiz sonday qylyp otyrsa, keshegi ótken erding qúnyn eki auyz sózben bitiretin әdiletshil biylerding zamany, júrt minezinde o da ózinshe bir iz qaldyrdy. Odan bergi, arty býginge deyin seyilmey otyrghan, el qamqory basshydan, berekeden, tәrtipten, namys-qayrattan aiyrylyp, qúldyq pen zorlyq arqanynda matauly bolghan zaman, taghy da basqa týrli iz tastap, keleshektegi júrtshylyqqa ózgeshe bir ruhty búl da berip ketip otyr.

Endi búl songhy aitqan dәuirge basymyzda oqyghan bilimimiz, qolgha ústaghan sayasat degen qúralymyz barlar bir kelip, alynyp otyrmyz. Áriyne, oqyghany bastaghan búl songhy dәuir de, qazaq júrtyn gýldentip, ajarlandyratyn dәuir. Biraq, kókirekti qarsy aiyrghan arman, quanysh bolyp tarqap, kóksegen baqyt qanat qaghyp, qolgha elpildep kele jatqanda, bizding qolgha qazaq qanday kýide tiyedi. Soghan syn kózdi salu kerek. Ótken kýnning istegen yqylasyn esepteu kerek. Qazaq búryn pәlendey batyr edi, aqyldy adam edi, dep qúr sózben jeliktirip, osy kýngi júrtty batyr namysker qyla qoyayyn degen oy mende joq.

Biraq zaman ynghayy eriksiz «qorqaqty kóp quyp batyr qyldy ma», joq ózdiginen sýiegine singen minezi me edi, әiteuir búrynghy qazaqtyng búl kýnge deyin bar minezi әri ekeni anyq edi. Búghan eshkimning dauy joq. Búl kýnde qazaqtyng sol nәrli minezining bәri de azdy. Syrtqy haly qysyp, kýnde aidap, tysqyryp otyrghandyqtan bolsa da, basshydan qalmaytyn namysker, shynyqqan, taramys qayratty elding ornyn búl kýnde quanyshqa -quana, kýiinishke-kýiine biletin salbyraghan, namyssyz, qorqaq, úsaq ótirikshi júrt aldy. Búl úsaqtyq - bastan keshken dәuirding qazaqtyng minezine qaldyrghan әseri.

Endi ómir qalpy [ózgeshe bolyp barady]. Qazirgi qalpynda júrt enbekshi men enbeksizge bólinip: bireui enbek jiishy, bireu jighyzushy bolyp, әli aiqyndalyp shyqqan joq. Bizding júrtta bireu: tabanyn jer tesip, mandayyn kýn tesip, arqasyn auyr jýk tesip jýrgende, bireu baylyqtyn, dýniyening alghy rahatyna kómilip otyrghan joq. Búl- mәdeniyetti júrttardyng auyruy. Biz múnday auyrumen auyratyn kýige jetkenimiz joq.

 Osy sebepten bizde sosializm әzir alys, bizde búl kýnde adamshylyq aldynda jýzi jarqyn, imanjýzdi sosializm emes, basqa týri. Byqsyghan, eskiden jiylyp, osy kýnge deyin bizding júrt ózine jaqyn bir biylikke baghynbaghan son, tәrtipsizdikten bireu-bireuge sýienip, bireuge-bireu shoqpar bolyp, ata-tap jigi ýlkeyip keldi. Áuelgi uaqttardaghy jauyngerlik, alys, shabys tynyshsyzdyq - bir tuysqandy bir tuysqannan shet jayyldyrmay, birine-birin tyghyp, eriksiz osynday ishki ómirding ynghayy әlgi ata-tap jigin shygharatyn boldy, shyghardy. Búdan baryp kóp ata - juan, az ata - jinishke boldy.

 Sol jikting arty búl kýnde nege soghyp otyr? Qay eldi, qay tapty alsaq ta, jaz jaylau, kýzeu, qys qystauda juan atanyng ortasynda on ýy bir tilim jersiz, kelimsek bolyp jýrgen joq pa? Qay jerde bolsyn erke, býlik juan atanyng balasynan shyqpaydy ma? Juan ata baq quady, ózinshe abiyr quady, bireuge qojandap, qorqytqysy keledi. Osynyng bәrinde bir taypa el solardyng shoqpary emes pe? Bireuding jesirin tartyp alady - ese bermeydi, malyn tartyp, auylyn shauyp alady -bitim bermeydi. Osyndaymen el ishindegi býlikke janaghy juan ata bas bolady. Elding tynyshtyghy da, býlinshilik te solardyng qolynda.

Múqtar Áuezov

(jalghasy kelesi nomerde)

QYSQA HABARLAR

Qostanay uezinen qazir jinalyp, qalagha kelgen milisiya sany 400-den asty. Tilenip kirip jatqan últshyl azamattar kóp. Aqtóbe uezi 2-nshi Bórte bolysynan 57 jigit alynypty. Múnda da tilenip jazylushylar bolypty. Halyq yqylasty deydi. Búl elden milisiya jinaluyna kóz ashyq azamattar, әsirese Baqytkerey [Qúlmanov] myrza, Keykiúly óte yjdahat etti. Ózge bolystardan da jinalyp jatyr. Oral oblysynda jigitterge әsker ónerin ýiretetin ofiyser instruktrlar kursy ashylyp edi. Janada búlar oqularyn bitirip instroktr bolyp shyqty.

«Qazaq» gazeti

* * *

ÓTINISh

Qyzyljardaghy «Talap» qauymy óz mýshelerinen: 1) ekinshi jyldyng jarnasyn salularyn (jyldyq-5, qúrmetti -25, ómirlik-50 som); 2) kvitansiya alghan agentterding esep berulerin; 3) eskilikti әdebiyetterden hәm basqa tarihy nәrselerden jinalghany bolsa, sony tapsyrularyn ótinedi.

Joghardaghy ótinishterding oryndaluy – qauymnyng jyldyq esebin beru ýshin asa kerek. Sondyqtan qauymnyng basqarmasy mýshelerding azamattyq boryshtaryn óteydi dep senedi. Kenes aghasy: Bilәl Maldybaev. Jazushy ýshin: Álimjan Jalmúhamedov

Ádiris: g. Petropavlovsk. Akm obl. Pocht. Yashiyk.

№ 95 pravlenii “Talap”.

* * *

Kýnbatys Sibirding orta dәrejeli mektepterinde oqushylardyng audandyq úiymy, orys tilinde «Jastar joly» degen eki júmalyq gazet shygharmaqshy. Gazetting maqsaty jastar túrmysyna sәule bólu, shәkirtterdi biriktiru hәm jana týrdegi mektepting jasaluyna kirisu. Gazetke tómendegi bólimder kiredi: 1) jalpy, 2) shәkirttik, 3) sayasi, 4) әdebi, 5) pәni, 6) esperanto (jer jýzine ortaq til) hәm habarlar. Búl gazetti orys jastarynyng túrmysy, pikiri, qozghalysy men tanys bolugha Alashtyng jas talapkerleri aldyryp túrulary layyq. Jyldyghy 4 som. Ádirisi: g. Tomsk. pocht. yashik №34. N.Hoves. Dlya “P.in”

Týrli habarlar

Jetisu qazaq orystary hәm chehtar 6 mynday qazaq әskerimen birigip, Tashkent jolyndaghy «Arys» stansiyasyn alghan. Qyrym ólkesining Ministrler soveti resmy jariyalaydy: Berlindegi ókilimizden alynghan habarlargha qaraghanda, Qyrym Ukrainagha qosylmay, bólek ýkimet bolmaqshy dep.

* * *

Europa soghysynyng shyghyny 325 milliard somgha jetken. Angliya gazetteri Polisha, chehtardy Germaniya men Avstriyadan qútqaru kerek degenderine nemis gazetteri jazghan: «Olay bolsa, Angliya Ýndistan fasha әmirge bólektik berip, ózderinen qútqarsyn» dep. Búghan Angliya gazetteri jauap qaytarghan: «Olar músylman. Músylmangha bostandyq berilmese de, adamshylyq kórsetilmese de jaraydy» dep.

Gazetting sandaryn  baspagha dayyndaghan, týsinikterin jazghan

M. Qozybaev atyndaghy SQMU professory

Zarqyn Tayshybay

Abai.kz