Abaydyng әkesi Qúnanbaydyng dýniyege kelgenine biyl 220 jyl tolady.

Agha súltan Qúnanbay turaly Shәkәrimning balasy Ahat, shejireshi Beken Isabaev, ghalym T. Júrtbaydyng enbekterinde jan-jaqty jazylghanymen әli tolyq zerttelmegen túlgha. Kópshilik oqyrman Qúnanbaydy M.Áuezovtyng «Abay joly» roman-epopeyasyndaghy agha súltan Qúnanbaydyng qatal, qayyrymsyz obrazy arqyly tanidy. Romandaghy qajy beynesin san-aluan oqigha ýstinde әrtýrli minez-qylyghymen túnghiyq syry teren, sheshendik alghyrlyghy men aqyl-aylasy boyyna tútasa bitken qatygez túlghany tanu qiyn. Sondyqtan da el arasynda Qúnanbay turaly әngime kóp. Aqiqat pen anyz aralasqan túlgha taghdyry  odan әri kýrdelene týsedi. Agha súltan turaly T.Júrtbay, B.Isabaev, A.Qúdayberdiyev jazbalaryn negizge alyp biz de birer tarihy oqighalargha toqtalyp kórdik.

Agha súltannyng әkesi – Óskenbay Kengirbaydan keyin Tobyqtygha by bolghan, hat tanyghan adam bolghan. Óskenbaydyng әdildigin moyyndaghan son, «Ising aq bolsa, Óskenbaygha bar» degen halyq auyzynda anyz taraghan. El  aytysyna qaraghanda, jat jerding adamdary Óskenbaygha kelip, daularyn sheshtiredi eken. Qúnanbaydyng sheshesi Nayman ishinde Matay ruynyng qyzy – Zere óte esti, adal, momyn, taqua, jomart ana bolghany belgili.

1804 jyly Qúnanbay dýniyege kelgende óte iri, tolyq, zor bolady. Ol tuarda anasy týs kóredi. Týsinde: eri Óskenbaydyng tórde otyryp, altyn saqany yirip otyrghanyn kóredi. Anasy ol altyn saqa – Qúnanbay dep joridy. Qúnanbaydy  bir kýn dәretsiz emizbegen Zerening әje bertinde:

– Men Qúnashty bir kýn dәretsiz emizip kórgem joq jәne omyrauymdy tazalap jumay, bismilla aitpay emizgen mezgilim bolghan joq,- depti. Qúnanbaydyng denesi óte symbatty, tolyq, boyy zor, jýzi núrly, bota kóz, mandayly qyr múryn, súlu bolghan desedi. Balghyn zor denesi baluandyqqa ótkir kózi erlikke, basy aqyldylyqqa sәikestene bitken. Auyl moldasynan oqyp, shala hat tanysa da әkesi Óskenbaygha kelgen hattardy birine-birin salystyryp, óz talabymen tolyq tanyp, týrikshe jazylghan kitaptardy erkin oqy alatyn bolghan eken.

Qúnanbay bala kýninen óte úghymdy, zerek, alghyr, bir estigenin, oqyghanyn, kórgenin  úmytpaytyn bolypty. Es bile bastaghannan әkesining qasynda otyryp, kóp әngime oqighalardy estip, qazaqtyng ótkir sózderin, maqal-taqpaqtaryn, naqyl sózderin, batyrlar, epostyq jyrlaryn, tarihy oqighalardy jadyna saqtap alatyn.

Qúnanbaydyng tuysyn el bylay bayandaydy: Qyran qarly borandy qysta, aqpannyng qaqaghan ayazynda jartasty shynnyng zanghar basyna ayazdyng ótine, tastyng ýstine bir júmyrtqa tuyp tastaydy. Ol júmyrtqa qatty ayazda shydamay jarylyp ketse, jarylghan júmyrtqany qúzdan tómen qaray tastap jiberip, kelesi qysta jәne bir júmyrtqa tuady. Sóitip, tek ayazdan jarylmay qalghan júmyrtqany ghana basyp shygharady eken. Sol balapan qústyng qúmayy bolyp shyghady. Qyran balapandy asyrap, qanattandyryp, baulyp jetiltedi. Qúnanbaydyng tuysy sonday, - desedi.

Elding aitysynda: «Qúnanbay el tilegine tudy. Ol eli ýshin enbek etetin bolady. Sonyng ýshin júrt bolyp tilep, ony eki ajaldan, eki aidaudan alyp qaldyq. Qúnanbay ajal men aidaudyng qarmaghyna ilingende halyq bolyp qúdaydan jalynyp tilep, kóz jasymyzdy kóldey tógip, onyng janyn saqtadyq» desedi.

Óskenbay Qúnanbaygha Nayman tabynyng Teristanbaly ruynan shyqqan ataqty Aghanas biyding qyzy Kýnkeni aittyrady. Óskenbay kóbinese, el ishinde jiyn, sezde jýredi. El aralap, dau-shardy bitirgen kezenderde Óskenbaydy izdep kelgen adamdardyng daularyn Qúnanbay  da tyndap, әdildik, biylik aitqanda riza bolyp attanady.

Jas kýninen sheshendik ónerge, sóz tapqysh әdiske beyim bolghandyqtan adamdyq boryshty qalay aqtau kerek degen súraq oiynan erte kezden oryn alady. Búl súraqty әkesine, basqa el adamdaryna talay ret qoysa da, tolyq jauap ala almaydy. Abyroyly baluandardy, jaudy jengen batyrlardy, el qorghaghan erlerdi qúrmetteydi. El ýshin daugha týsip, el namysyn joqtap, elin bilim-ónerge bastaghan adamdardy sýiedi. Sodan son, «Batasyz er jarymas, bataly er arymas», «janbyrmenen jer kógerer, elmen er kógerer», «Kóp tileui kól bolar, kólsiz taqyr shól bolar», «Er keregin el berer, er enbegin el terer», «El qorghaghan er  bolar, elsiz adam kór bolar», «Adaldyq adamdyq belgisi, aramdyq jamandyq belgisi», «Kópti jamandaghan kómusiz qalar», «Kóp órt sóndirer, zalym órt óndirer», «Kóp týkirse kól bolar, kólsiz jerde shól bolar», «Kópten ýiren, arsyzdan jiyren», «Tura biyde tughan joq, tughandy biyde iman joq», «Saytandyq qylma, saytannan iman qashar», «Qúday taza, sen de taza bol», «Nashardy qolda, momyndy qorgha» syndy maqal-mәtelderdi Qúnanbay oiyna toqyp, auzynan tastamaydy. «Janymnan malym sadagha, arymnan janym sadagha»,- dep Qúnanbay osy sertin búzbay ótedi. Ózining el  arasynda abyroyy bolghandyqtan Qúnanbaydy el-júrty eki ret ajal auzynan alyp qalghan degen anyz bar.

Óskenbay Qúnanbaydy on toghyz jasynda ýilendirip, ózi otyrghan tasqoranyng kýn shyghys jaghyndaghy kezeng astyndaghy saydyng aldyna qondyrady. Ózine bitken otyz shaqty jylqysynyng on ekisin Qúnanbaydyng enshisine beredi. Basqa mal Óskenbayda az bolady.

Er jigitting qanaty at, erge aty say bolu kerek. Biraq Qúnanbayda jaugha minip shabarlyq at bolmaydy. Ákesining ýiinen bólek  ýy otyrghan son, oghan qusa jetetin, qashsa qútylatyn erge serik at kerek bolady. Qúnanbaydyng oiyna tónirekke ataghy jayylghan, aldyna at salmaghan, ózining atasy Aghanas biydin  әigili tor sholaq aty esine týsedi. Men enshi alyp, bólek otau bolghanymdy aityp, atamnan tor sholaq atty qalap súrayyn dep oilaydy. Osy oimen Qúnanbay ayaq artugha jaraytyn qyzyl bestige minip, jolgha eki qonyp, Aghanas biydikine keledi.

Aghanas amandyqty súrap, enshige 12 jylqy alghanyn estip:

- Saghan by bar jylqysyn beripti. Óskenbaydyng dәuleti maghan belgili ghoy. Mal ýlken ýide bolghany jaqsy emes pe, sen joq bolsan, onan alasyn, al ýlken ýide mal joq bolsa ol senen ala ala ma?- deydi.

Eki kýnnen song Qúnanbay qaytpaq bolady. Aghanas ertengi asty ishken son, bәibishesi men bas jylqyshysyn shaqyryp alyp:

- Myna Qúnanbay enshi alyp, bólek otau bolyp shyghypty. Qazir on bes qúlyndaytyn biyesimen, bir aighyr ýiirin jәne Kýnke men ekeui minetin eki jaqsy at alghyzyp berinder, aidap qaytsyn. El jaylaugha shyqqanda jýz qoy, ýilerin artatyn alty týie alyp keter. Al, endi ózinning qalaghan-súraghanyng bar ma? - deydi.

Qúnanbay:

- Men basqa mal almaymyn, Torsholaq atty qalap keldim,- degende Aghanas biy:

- Men Torsholaq atty bermeymin, odan basqa ne qalasang sony al,- deydi.

Qúnanbay:

- Men basqa eshteme qalap kelgem joq,- dep kiyine bastaghanda, Aghanastyng bәibishesi:

- Bi, ol ishi boq, syrty týk bir qara emes pe? Balanyzdan tor atty nesin ayadynyz?,- dedi.

Sonda Aghanas:

- Men búdan at ayap otyrghanym joq. Ózin ayap otyrmyn. Qazir Tobyqty basqa elmen jaulasyp otyr. Eline jau shapsa, búl jaugha, «Attangha» shappay otyra ala ma? Jaugha shapsa, osy tory atpen shabady. Qara kórse toqtamaytyn at ony alyp jaugha kiredi, ne múnyng beynetine, ne ajalyna sebep bolady. Sondyqtan, búghan tory atty bere almaymyn. Basqa ne alamyn dese de qolyn qaqpaymyn,- dep tysqa shyghady.

Qúnanbay da tysqa shyghyp enesining bergen eki qorjyn basy sәlemdemesin bókterip atyna minedi. Enesi kózine jas irkip, Qúnanbaydyng mandayynan iyiskep sýiip, amandasyp, sәlem aityp qala beredi.

Qúnanbay kezeng asa bergende artynan shaqyrghan dauys estip qarasa jylqyshy qolyn búlghap túr eken. Qayta kelgende Aghanas:

- Seni jaqsy bola ma deushi edim. Sen jaman ekensing ghoy. Bir taydy bermedi dep moynyng týsip ketkeni qalay? Men senen bir taydy ayaghanym joq dedim ghoy. Endi saghan sertpen torsholaq atty beremin. Topqa by minsin, ózing auyl arasyna kókpargha, toygha min. Bәigege qos. Biraq, jaugha minip shabushy bolma, ana bergen malym bergen,- deydi.

Sonda Qúnanbay:

- Qazir qys jaman jút bolyp, qys ayaghy qara suyq bolyp túr. Búl joly tory atty ghana alayyn, basqasyn keyin jer qarayyp, kýn jylyghanda, kók shyqqanda alarmyn,- deydi.

Azdan keyin qylshyghy týlep alatang bolghan qabyrghasy jabyq tory atty jylqyshy oinaqtatyp jetelep alyp keledi. Qúnanbay tory atty jetekke alyp, hosh aitysyp, elge tartady. Kezeng asqan song tory atqa erdi salyp minip alyp, bestisin jetekke alyp, jolgha bir týnep ýiine keledi.

Kóktem shyghyp, kýn jylynyp, jer qúlpyryp kóktegen uaqyt. Qúnanbay at qaratil bolghanda torsholaq atty jaratyp, aqtaban soyyldy dayyndap, belbeuge ilip,  atty týnde baylap qoyatyn.

Bir kýni tang qaranghysynda tau janghyryghyp attandaghan dauys estilip, azan-qazan aighaygha úlasady. Dauysty estigen Qúnanbay atyp túryp, soyylyn alyp, atqa jaydaq minip, ózendi órley jóneledi. Jolda sala-salalardan «qaydalap» shapqan birneshe adamdar qosylyp, Shynghystyng syrtqy biyik jotasyna shyghady. Búl kezde tang agharyp, jer beti ainaday bolyp kórine bastaydy.

Biyikte búryn shyghyp túrghandardyng biri:

- Nayman jauy bolsa kerek. Syrt elding tay-tulaghyn tik kótere aidap ketti. Jau qarasy Tomasha bauyryna jana ghana kirdi,- dedi.

Osy kezde Búshantay jazyghynan jaudyng da qarasy kórinedi. Sonda Otynshy aqsaqal:

- Dәmeli, aty әldi jigitter iriktelip jaudy quyndar, bógender, arttarynnan kóp qoldar jetedi, endi túrudyng qajeti joq,- degen son, aty әldi, er jigitterden iriktelip jiyrma shaqty jigitter jau artynan jónep beredi. Sol toppen birge Qúnanbay da shyghady.

Az uaqyttan song búlargha, jylqyny aidap bara jatqandar aldynghy beleske shyqqanda, arghy jaghyndaghy jazyqtan jau qarasy kórinedi. Búlar jaudy kórgen son, at basyn irikpey jónep beredi. Aldyndaghy jau qarasyn kórgen tory at basyn bir shayqap auyzdyqty auyzgha salyp, qúiynday jýiitkip oqtay zulap, toptan qara ýzip jónep beredi. Qúnanbay azdap at basyn tejeyin degenge tory at erik bermey qústay úshyp, jaugha taqaydy. Múny kórgen jau bastyghy, basynda aiyr qalpaghy bar, qara qúlyn terisinen kiygen jarghaghy bar, qolynda qyl jalauly nayzasy bar batyr:

- Mynau bir ershikesh eken,  basqalaryng jylqyny aiday berinder. Segiz kisi qalyp eki bólinip, ortadan ótkizip sazayyn bereyik, ortalaryndy  asha berinder,- dep nayzany oqtap, Qúnanbaydy tosyp túrady. Múny kórgen Qúnanbay at basyn tartugha boy bermegen song amalsyz eki toptyng ortasynan óte berip, qol ynghayy jaqtaghy birin úryp jibergende ong jaq keudege nayza da sart etip qadala týsedi, at basy qayyrylyp toqtaydy. Jau nayzany eki ret basyp attan týsire almaydy, ýshinshi ret basqanda nayza únghysynan shart synyp ketedi. Sol kezde ortada qalghan Qúnanbay qarghyp týsip, tizgindi at basynan qayyryp eki qolyn aiqastyryp, attyng shoqtyghynan basyp otyryp alady. Jau aiqastyrghan qoldan úryp, sausaq syrtyn talqandap jaralasa da Qúnanbay attan aiyrylmaydy. Sonda jau batyry:

- Bir taydan tughan neme eken. Jýrinder, qughynshylar kelip qaldy. Ózine de qylarymdy qylghamyn, adam bolsa baryp-baryp adam bolar, -dep jóney beredi.

Qúnanbay atqa tirelgen keudesindegi synghan nayzany únghysynan ústap túryp, suyryp alady. Sol kezde ózi de qúlap týsedi.  Artqylar kelip basyn sýiep, ong jaq emshegining astyn ala kirgen nayzanyng ornynan qan suday sorghalap shapshy bastaghanda Qúnanbaydy qyrynan jatqyzyp, jiylghan halyq  kezektesip jaranyng qanyn soryp, ishke jibermeu ailasyn jasaydy. Qan ishine ketse, jýregi ainyp qúsatyny belgili. Búl kezde Qúnanbay appaq shýperektey quaryp, óni qashyp, óler-tirileri belgisiz halde jatady. Qan әbden tazalanghan kezde, dayyndap qoyghan at qylyn kýidirip, ystyqtay jaranyng auzyna qaytalay basyp otyrady. Kóilekti jyrtyp alyp jarany tanady.

- Kýn joghary kóterilip, sәske bolghan kezde kózimdi ashsam, - deydi Qúnanbay nemeresi Shәkәrimge aitqan әngimesinde: - qanym keuip barady eken, bir ayaq airan shalapty dem almay bir-aq jútyp, az dem alyp ainalama qarasam, tóniregim tolghan adam. Bәrining kózderinde jas, qariyalar kiselerin moyyndaryna salghan, alladan tilek tilep mening janymdy qaldyruyn súrap túr eken. Men azdan song ekinshi ayaq susyndy taghy iship esimdi jinay bastadym. Sol kezde júrt: «A, qúday! Aqsarbas, kók qasqa jolyna aittyq!»- dep shulap, kýnirenip jylap jiberdi. Eger el tilegi bolmaghanda men ólgen adam edim. Kóp tileui kól bolyp, kópting tileuin qúday qabyl qylyp, aman qaldym. Meni tenge salyp, Shynghys syrtyndaghy Qarabatyr, Ánet auyldaryna alyp kelgende aldymnan kәri atalar, qart analar, qatyn-balalar shulap, a qúdaylap shyqqandaghy, olardyng maghan degen kirshiksiz jýrekterining aq niyetterinin, adal tilekterining aughanyn auyzben aityp jetkizu qiyn shyghar. Qarabatyrdyng ýlken ýii Otynshynykine kirgizerde kәri әje meni úshyqtap kirgizdi. Otynshy aitqan aqsarybasyn soyyp meni qaljalap, etti elge taratyp, keshke auylgha alyp keldi. Men jaz boyy tenge týsip jýrip, jazyldym»,- depti.

Qúnanbaydyng sol jaradan qalghan ong jaq emshegining astynghy jaghynda alaqanday berish tyrtyghy sodan qalghan desedi.

Qúnanbaydyng ekinshi ret ajaldan aman qaluy, bala jigit kýninde  sheshek shyghyp, ólim auzynda jatqanda el tileuimen sauyghyp ketui edi. Birneshe kýn ol as-sudan qalyp, denesin kók sheshek qaptap, eki kózin ashtyrmay, kirpigi qimyldaumen jatady. Auzyn aranday ashqan ajal ony buyndyryp, janyn alqymyna alyp keledi. Qúnanbaydy onasha ýige salyp, ata-anasy baghyp otyrady. Ol jatqan ýidi halyq qorshap ajalgha qarsy túrady. Kempirler kýndikterin, shaldar kiselerin moyyndaryna salyp, erkek-әielder enirep, qúdaydan Qúnanbaydyng janyn qaldyrudy súrap tilek tileydi. Aytylmaghan kók qasqa, aqsarybas qalmaydy. Mine, osynday el tilegi birneshe kýnge sozylady.  Sheshek daghy asqynyp, ólim auzynda jatqan Qúnanbaygha el auzyndaghy búl әngimelerden bólek, tәuip Yrghyzbaydyng kómektesui anyzdan góri shynayy derek bola alady.

Emshi qonyr andyng ótin bauyrymen qosyp alyp, meyizdey etip keptirip, maral, búghy, kiyik mýiizderinen jasaghan dәrilerin rettep, әbden qaynatyp tazartqan. Ol qúnanbaydyng ót jolynyng búzylghanyn bilip, ózine arnap tigilgen kiyiz ýide jeti, qyryq bir, jýz neshe týrli shópten, qyryq bir týrli japyraqtan, gýl men tamyrdan dәri jasap, ony jylqynyng ish mayyna aralastyryp qaynatady. Jeti týrli dәmnen tosap dayyndap, oghan ay ótining tarydayyn eki-ýsh sýikep, jiyi-jii ishkizdirip, qyryq kýn emdeydi. Osynday kýrdeli emdeu jolynan ótken Qúnanbay aitylghan merzimnen son, auruynan qúlan-taza jazylyp shyghady.

Aqyrynda ajaldy halyq tilegi jenip, Qúnanbay tәuir bolady. Biraq, ayamay alugha kelgen ajal onyng núrly súlu betin azdap shúbarlap, sol jaq kózinde qabaghynyng astyn ala taryday aq qaldyryp ketedi. Biraq beti shúbar, kózinde taryday aghy – onyng qasiyetin, adamgershiligin, halqynyng sýng mahabbatyn kemite almaydy. Qayta ol halyq tilegining ajalmen alysyp, ajaldy jengen belgisining aighaghy bolyp qalady.

Ataghy alysqa ketken Qúnanbaydy «qúdaydan tilep alyp qalghan» oqighalardy belgili polyak sayahatshysy A. Yanushkevichting jazbalarynan da aitady.  «Kezinde ol kórikti erkek bolghan. Búdan birneshe jyl búryn sheshek ony Mirabo sekildi kórden bir-aq shyghara jazdaghan, qazir onyng betinde sodan qalghan izder bar. Ol kósilip sóilep ketkende, tyndaushylar onyng siqy qashyp, reni tayghan jýzin mýlde úmytady. Qaterli dertting taby jerlesterining mýsirkep, onyng jolynda bәiek bolghanyn Qúnanbaydyng esine әlsin-әlsin týsirip otyrady. Osynyng ózi onyng qyzmeti men manyzynyng dәleli.  «Men janymdy qayda qoyarymdy bilmey jatqanymda, – dedi ol maghan tebirene, – adamdar kýni-týni mening kiyiz ýiimdi apyr-topyr bolyp qorshap túratyn. Olardyng kóz jasy meni shyjghyryp әketip bara jatqan otty sóndirip, mening tirligimdi Allamnan jalbarynyp súrap alyp qaldy» - depti.

Elining eki ajaldan tilek tilep alyp qaluy Qúnanbaydyng halyqqa degen sýiispenshilik qasiyetin qayrap jetildiredi. Halyq onyn  abyroyyn kóterip, ataghyn jayyp, aqyl, adal adamgershiligi zor, әuliye, parasatty dep, Qúnanbaydyng atyn atamay ýlkender oghan «myrza» dep, jastar «Tәte» dep ataghan eken.

Almahan Múhametqaliqyzy

Astana

Abai.kz