Bizding eramyzgha deyingi IÝ-II ghasyrlar aralyghynda Kaspiy tenizining dengeyi ellindik avtorlardyng derekterine sәikes, Amudariya suy Kaspiy tenizine Uzboy arqyly aqsa da nedәuir tómen bolatyn. Búl jóninde Aleksandr Makedonskiyding qyzmetkeri tarihshy Aristobul aitqan( V.V.Bartolid, 1902, 11 bet). Búl pikirdi bizding dәuirimizden búrynghy III ghasyrda tenizde jýzushi Patrokl aitqan. Patrokldyng pikirin Plutarh, Eratosfen jәne Strabon maqúldaghan (V.V.Bartolid, 1902, 13 bet).   Evdoks Amudariyanyng Kaspiyge qúighan jerinde sarqyrama bolghandyghyn aitqan. Osy tektes mәlimetter Polibiyde de kezdesedi. Biraq ta kesimdi týrde. (V.V.Bartolid, 1902, 15 bet). Iordan eshqandayda shýbә keltirmesten, «basqa Tanaiys. Hrin taularynan bastalyp, Kaspiy tenizine qúyady». (Iordan, 1960, 74 ber). «Hrin taulary» - Pamir taularynyng shyghysynda ómir sýrgen tiybetterding soltýstik-batys tarmaghy bolyp tabylatyn frinder túrghan jerler (L.N.Gumiylev, 1959, 56 bet). «Hrin taulary»- Pamiyr, al «Basqa Tanaiys» ózeni – Uzboy men Aktamdy qosqandaghy Amurdariya ekendigi kórsetilgen.

Búl aqparattar A.V.Shnitnikovty bizding dәuirimizge deyingi birinshi myng jyldyqtyng ortasynda Kaspiyding dengeyi joghary bolghan dep joramaldaugha mәjbýrlegen. ( A.V.Shnitnikov, 1957, 264-266 bet). Alayda, onyng pikirine kelesiler qayshy keledi: Amurdariya suy Uzboygha tek qana Saryqamys oipaty arqyly qúiyluy mýmkin. Aseke-Audan oipatymen qosa Saryqamys oipatynyng aumaghy ýlkendigi sonshalyq, onda bulanu mol boluy tiyis. Búl Uzboy arnasy ózining kólemine qaray sekudyna 100l3 sudy ótkize alady; ol Kaspiy dengeyin kóteruge jetkiliksiz.

Bizding jyl sanauymyzgha deyingi II ghasyrda jasalynghan Eratosfenning kartasynda Kaspiyding núsqasy aiqyn kórsetilgen (Dj.O.Tomson, 1953). Onyng soltýstik jaghalauy 1 paralleliding ontýstigindi ornalasqan. Kaspiy tenizining osynday núsqasy (qazir su astynda qalghan) minus 36 absoluttik  belgidegi jaghalau joldaryna (eng jogharghy terassanyng kemerine kóteriletin terassanyng syrtqy tigisining belgisin aitady) sәikes keledi. Shyndyghynda, Uzboy sol kezde Kaspiy tenizine qúyatyn bolghan, óitkeni onyng jalghasy - Aqtam arnasy – qazir teniz týbindegi minus 32 absoluttik belgisinde jatyr. Eger búl arna óte ejelgi bolsa, onyng jaqsy saqtaluy mýmkin emes edi, ony kýlder men teniz qaldyqtary basyp qalghan bolar edi. Kaspiy tenizi óte erte kezenderde óte  tómendemegen (tómenirek qaranyz) bolatyn jәne mýjilu men iyrektelu (meandrleu) jaghdaylary bolmady.

Amudariyanyng suy tolyp túrghan kezende Kaspiy tenizining dengeyi b.e.d. IÝ-II ghasyrlarda minus 36m-den aspaytyn belgide túrdy. Yaghni, osy kezende aridtyq aimaqtyng ylghaldanuy barynsha jedel jýrgendigin kórsetedi. Shyndyghynda, b.e.d. II ghasyrda hundar Jonghariyada jer óndeumen ainalysady (L.N.Gumiylev, 1960). Búl kezde qytay әskery habarlamasy hundardyng Monghol Altayynda, al ýisinderding Jetisuda orasan ýlken tabyndardy jayghandyghy turaly aitady. Qazaqstannyng shyghys bóliginde Tarbaghataydan Syrdariyanyng orta aghysyna deyin ornalasqan Kanguy patshalyghy 200 000 salt attyny shygharugha qabiletti bay, maly kóp memleket edi. Sol kezdegi qytay kartalarynda Shu ózeni Ystyq kólden shyghyp, keng kólge qúyatynday etip kórsetilgen, al qazirgi Ystyq kól Shu ózenimen baylanyspaydy jәne Shu ózeni qúmgha baryp sinip ketedi. Múnyng ózi sol kezendegi ylghaldylyqtyng jogharylyghyn jәne osy audandarda halyqtyng tyghyz ornalasqandyghyn kórsetedi.  

Teniz shógindileri japqan Aqtam ózenining manyndaghy shymtezekter b.e.d. 1 myng jyldyqpen sipattalady, jәne ósimdik qaldyqtarynyng sipaty qazirgi kezben salystarghanda aua-rayynyng barynsha salqyndaghanyn kórsetedi (V.G.Rihter, S.K.Samsonov, 1961). Túshy suly shógindiler Krasnovodsk shyghanaghynyng týbinen minus 35m belgisinen tabylghan (V.G.Rihter, 1961). Shymtezekting jinaqtaluynyng ózi Orta Aziya klimatynyng qazirgige qaraghanda ylghaldyraq bolghandyghyn kórsetedi.

            Osy kezde Shyghys Europadan Olivii, Hersones grek jәne basqa porttary arqyly Rim imperiyasy paydalanatyn astyqtyng orasan mol kólemi tasymaldandy. Sondyqtan, siklondardyng joly Volga basseynin ylghaldandyrugha jәne Kaspiy tenizining dengeyin kóterui tiyis Shyghys Europanyng ortalyq bóligi arqyly ótti.

            Osy jerde shyghanaqty tenizden bólip túrghan, sipaty bardyng jogharghy belgisine qatysty Kaspiy tenizining dengeyimen anyqtalatyn Qara-Bogaz-Gol shyghanaghynyng týbindegi shógindilerdi zertteu kómekke keledi. V.G.Rihterding pikiri boyynsha (1961) kezekti transgressiya I ghasyrdyng sonyna keledi jәne IÝ ghasyrdaghy azghana keri ketushilikpen auysady.

            Órkendeu kezeni Kaspiyding minus 32m belgisindegi tómende túru kezenimen dәl keletindigi qyzyqtyrady. H ghasyrda, bizding konsepsiyamyzgha sәikes, ylghaldanudyng gumidtik aimaqqa auysyuyna baylanysty Kaspiy tenizi dengeyinin kezekti kóterilui bolghan kezde, biz kóshpeli taypalardyng qazirgi Qazaqstan aumaghynan ontýstik pen batysqa kóship-qonuyn bayqaymyz. H ghasyrdyng ortasynda kurluktar Balqash manynan Ferghanagha, Qashqargha jәne qazirgi ontýstik Tәjikstangha qonys audarady (B.H.Karmysheva,1960). Pechenegter H ghasyrdyng basynda Aral tenizining jaghalauyn tastap shyghyp, ontýstik Dnepr manyna ketedi; olardan keyin Volga men  Oraldyng arasynda taralghan torkter men guzdar ketedi. Búl keng kólemdegi osynday kóship-qonular bolyp tabylady, biraq ol Kaspiy dengeyining azghana ózgeruimen dәl keledi, ol biz qabyldaghan boljamnyng dúrystyghyn rastaydy. Osy kóship-qonulardy iri sayasy oqighalarmen baylanystyrudyng negizi joq, óitkeni sol kezende atlant siklondary әreketinen tys jerde jatqan shyghys Mongholdar aimaghynda úighyrlardyng tarihy basqasha bolatyn.

H ghasyrda tenizding kóterilui minus 29 m songhy bolghan joq. HIH ghasyrdyng basyna jaghalau mәdeniyetin anaghúrlym kóbirek joiydy kóteru, italiya georgafyny Marino Sanuto (1320 jyl), «teniz әr jyly bir uysqa kelip jәne kóptegen jaqsy qalalar joyyldy» ( L.S.Berg, 1949, 220 bet). Nedjaty aitqan, 1304 jyl arasynda Abeskun porty batyp jәne tenizmen jútylghan ( B.Dorn, 1875, 8 bet). 1339 jyly Kazviy-ny Kaspiy tenizining kóteriluin bylay aityp týsindiredi, Amurdariya ózining aghysyn baghytyn ózgertip, Kaspiyge qúiylyp, sonyng saldarynan « qajetinshe su materikting bóligin kiris jәne shyghys teneskenshe su basty» ( V.V.Bartolid 1897, 6 bet). Shýbә joq 13 ghasyrdyng ayaghynda Kaspiy tenizi kóterildi; biraq L.S.Berg ol 18 ghasyrda 23,0 metrge kóterilgennen asty degenge kýmәn keltiredi. (L.S.Berg, 1949, 221,267).

Alayda, arab geografy Bakuiyding sózi boyynsha, 1400 jyly Kaspiy tenizi Bakudyng jartysyn sumen basyp jәne su meshitte túrghan, yaghny minus 20,27 m.,al B.A.Apollov búl mýmkin emes dep oilaydy. ( B.A.Apollov, 1956, 225-226 bet).

Búl mezgilde Kaspiy tenizining dengeyi minus 19 m jetkenindigin zertteuler kórsetedi. Zertteuler Kaspiy manynyng jogharghy qabatyn ózgermeuin, 7-8 ghasyrlardaghy týrik kochevniygining keramikasy shúnqyr manyndaghy ejelgi joldardyng ýrlenui jie kezdesetindigin, alayda búl eshqashan minus 19 l. tómen naqty belgimen tabylmaghan kórsetedi. Búl kórsetilgen belgiden tómen ol teniz qaldyqtarymen kómilgen dep týsindiredi.Sonday-aq L.S.Bergting ózi, kaspiy SarcHshp es1iy1e b úlulary minus 20.7 m. Belgige jetedi. Búl dengeydi ol erte mezgilde qoyghan, HÝIII ghasyrdyng trasgressiyasy ( L.S.Berg,1949, 268 bet). Alynghan aqparattar HÝIII ghasyrgha belgilengen minus 19 m tútastaugha mýmkin beredi. SarcHy qabyrshyqtary sudyng kóteriluin , týrik keramika mezgilinde HÝIII ghasyrdyng ayaghynda jaghalau syzyghyn anyqtaydy., óitkeni ony jayma alqap, nemese teniz qaldyqtary jauyp túrady.

Jaghalaudan 15 shaqyrym jerde Igolkin bankinde ejelgi hazar kezenindegi eldi mekenning tabyluy eng salmaqty aighaq bolyp tabylady. Farvaterdi terendetip qazyp laqtyru kezinde tayaz jerlerde, hazarlardikine úqsas iylengen tolqyndatyp jasalghan keramika men januarlardyn sýiekteri tabyldy. Laqtyryndy alynghan qabattyng eng jogharghy belgisi – minus 29.6m. Eldi meken jelding әserinen su dengeyining 2m deyin kóteriletin tegis jerde ornalasqandyqtan, Kaspiy tenizining dengeyi osy eldi meken ómir sýrgen kezdegi dengeyi ÝI ghasyrgha sәikes minus 32 metr dep esepteu qajet.

            Sonymen, ortaghasyrlyq Hazariyanyng kóptegen bóligi osy kýnge deyin su astynda jatyr, azghana bóligi HIÝ-HÝI ghasyrlardaghy transgressiya kezinde su basqan bolatyn. Ber dónesterining boluy ghana «Kaspiy many Niyderlandysy» mәdeniyetining materialdyq eskertkishterin tabugha kómektesti.

            HIII ghasyrda mongholdardyn shabuyly jayylymdyqtardyng jetispeushiliginen bolghandyghy birneshe qaytara boljaldy. Ol Ortalyq Aziyanyng jedeldetip kebuimen baylanysty boldy (K.K.Markov, 1961). L.S.Berg (1947) búl konsepsiyagha qarsy boldy, jәne onyng oiy dúrys boldy, óitkeni HIII ghasyrdyng basy Ortalyq Aziyany ylghaldandyrudyng shyrqau shegine jetken kezeng boldy. G.E.Grumm-Grjimaylo (1926, 1933) atap kórsetkendey, Shynghys han men onyng múragerlerining shapqynshylyqtarynyng sipaty III jәne H ghasyrlardaghy biz surettegen shól audandardan stihiyaly týrde jalpy qonys audarumen eshqanday baylanysy bolghan joq. Búnda azghana, biraq óte jaqsy ýiretilgen әskery birlestikterding úiymdastyrylghan joryqtaryn kóremiz. HIII ghasyrda monghol handary syrtqy sayasy mindetterdi әskery jolmen sheshti, jәne mal basy men adamdardyng kóp boluy osy mәselelerdi sheshuge qúraldar berdi. Jaulap alynghan jerlerge qonystanghan mongholdardyng sany óte az boldy. Mysaly, 200 000 әskerining ishinde tek 4 000 ghana mongholdar boldy. Shyghys Iranda Bal-hom men Gerattyng arasynda basty pozisiyagha ie bolu ýshin 1 000 әskerin jiberedi, olardyng úrpaqtary osy kýnge deyin hezar, yaghny myng degen parsy sózinen shyqqan hezareyler atyn ústanuda. Ontýstik Qytaydaghy әskery eldi mekender de óte az boldy. (V.S.Starikov, 1961). Monghol әskerlerining kópshiligi óz otandaryna qaytyp oralady. Múnyng ózi dalalardyng kebuining HIII ghasyrdaghy soghystargha eshqanday qatysy bolmaghandyghyn dәleldeydi.

            HIII ghasyrdyng sonynda Kaspiy tenizining dengeyining barynsha joghary kóterilui eng joghary ylghaldanu aimaghynyng Tyani-Shaninan Ortalyq Volgagha auysuymen baylanysty boldy. Aridtyq aimaqtaghy ontayly klimattyq jaghdaylar pessimaldyqqa auysuy tiyis bolatyn. Shyndyghynda, HIÝ ghasyrdyng basynda monghol kóshpeli sharuashylyghy kýrdeli daghdarysqa úshyraydy. Yuani dinastiyasy monghol handarynyng әskery mýmkindikteri birden qysqara bastaydy. HIÝ ghasyrdyng 70-jyldary qytaylyqtar monghol ezgisinen qútylady, jәne monghol handarynyng qarsylasugha kýshi de, qúraldary da qalmaydy. IY.E.Buchinskiyding zertteulerindegi (1954, 82,83 better) sol kezdegi Reseyding aumaghynda HIÝ ghasyrdan bastap siklon әreketining kýshengine baylanysty nayzaghay, jauyn-shashyn, su basu jәne basqa qúbylystardyng jiyilegendigin kórsetken pikiri bizding týsinikterimizdi rastaydy.

Eng jaqyn belgi 1587 jyly derbent qabyrghasyna qosa salynghan Abbas shah múnarasynyng dengeyine deyin, teniz dengeyi tómendegen kezde ornatylghan. Búl jóninde B.A.Appolov (1951, 138 bet) bylay dep jazady: «Sol kezende soltýstikten kele jatqan bir keruen tanerteng qaqpany ashqan song әri qaray qala arqyly jýru ýshin qabyrghanyng janyna týnep shyghu ýshin toqtaydy. Biraq tanerteng qaqpa qarauylshylary keruenning joqtyghyn jәne týielerding qabyrghanyng janynda suda túrghandyghyn kóredi. Sodan keyin Abbas I týieler óte almau ýshin terendigi jetkilikti jerlerde tenizde ýlken múnara salyp, ony qabyrgha rqyly baylanystyrugha búiryq beredi».

            Osy múnaranyng qaldyqtaryn negizgi derbent qabyrghasyna perpendikulyar qabyrgha týrinde minus 28m belgide qazirgi sudan tauyp aldyq. Onyng irgesi minus 28,5 m belgisinde tikeley tenizding jartasty týbine ýlken jonylghan tastardan órilgen. Yaghni, Abbas shahtyng múnarasy sasanidter kezenindegi tastyng ýstine salynghan. Sondyqtan múnarany salu kezinde teniz dengeyi qazirgiden joghary bolmaghan. B.A.Apollovtyng ózi minus 31,2m absoluttik belgidegi derbent qabyrghasynyng ýlken ýiindisin múnaranyng qaldyqtary dep eseptegen (B.A.Apollov, 1951,138 bet). Akvalangpen osy jerlerdi zertteu kezinde biz qalau sipatyna qaray búl HÝI ghasyrdyng múnarasy emes, ol ÝI ghasyrdyng qabyrghasynyng qirandysy ekendigine kóz jetkizdik. Sonymen, 1587 jyly Kaspiy tenizining absoluttik dengeyining belgisi minus 28.0 m bolghan.

A.Djenkinsonnyng sayahatynan 30 jyl ótken song teniz 1 metrge kóterilgen jәne әri qaray kóterilu jalghasqan, óitkeni 1623 jyly mәskeu kópesi Fedor Afanasievich Kotov  bylay dep jazady: «Tenizdegi qala (Derbent) turaly múnarany otyzdan aldy dep aitady, al qazir múnara suda orasan ýlken jәne berik túr» (B.A.Apollov, 1951, 138 bet). Osy mәlimetter Kaspiyding HÝI ghasyrda tómendegendigin jәne siklondar jolynyng ontýstikke, Volga basseynine auysqandyghyn kórsetedi.

Osy kezende sudyng jetispeuine baylanysty Haro-Hoto jәne basqa birqatar Shyghys T.rkistan oazisteri joyyldy (G.E.Grumm-Grjimaylo,1933). Monghol Altayynyng qyrattaryndaghy bay anshylyq alqaptary iyesiz shólderge ainaldy, Sary-su jәne Shu ózenderining saghasyndaghy qazaq kólderi tartylyp qaldy, Mongholiya men Jonghariyadaghy kóshpendilerding tabyndary qysqaryp qaldy.

Bizding Volga saghasynda jýrgizgen arheologiyalyq zertteulerimizding nәtiyjesinde Kaspiy tenizi ómirinin jana geologiyalyq tarihyna degen qyzyghushylyq payda boldy. Hvalyn kezeninen keyin Volga ózenining saghasynda shyghystan batysqa shektesip jatqan jana kaspiy teniz jazyghy qazirgi Volganyng shógindileri jatqan negiz bola alady. Saghasynan soltýstikke qaray, aghyspen joghary sagha taramdary jana kaspiy teniz shógindilerine kiredi, sonymen birge olar aghyspen joghary qaray ejelgi joghary jәne tómengi hvalyn shógindilerine kiredi.

Jayylma alqap shógindilerining qimasynyng hronologiyalyq mәlimetteri qazirgi jayylma alqaptyng birinshi alluviy qabatyn Kaspiy tenizining qazirgi jaghalau shegimen salystyrugha mýmkindik beredi. Osy qabattyng negizinen HIII-HIÝ ghasyrdyng keramikasy tabyldy, osy qabat keyingi 500-600 jylda payda bolghan.

Ekinshi qabat ýshinshi qabattyng shógindilerin jabady, jәne qúramynda mol qarashirik bar. Sondyqtan biz ony minus 19 m absoluttik belgisine jetken Kaspiy tenizining eng jogharghy dengeyimen salystyramyz. Osy belgilerde ÝII-HI ghasyrdyng týrik keramikasy bolmaytyn Kaspiy tenizining jaghalau shegi bayqalady. Osy transgressiyanyng teniz shógindileri Bushma tarmaghynyng qorghandarynda jatyr.

Jogharyda keltirilgen qimanyng ýshinshi jәne tórtinshi qabattary Kaspiyding tómende túru kezenine jatqyzylady, yaghny Hazar qaghanatynyng órkendege dәuirine jatady. Osy qabattar Kaspiy tenizining minus 32m dengeyimen salystyrylady.

Besinshi jәne altynshy qabattardy biz Kaspiyding tómende túru kezenining aldyndaghy uaqyttan barynsha joghary dengeyimen erekshelenedi jәne minus 25 m belgisinde ornalasqan tenizding jaghalau shegimen salystyrylady. Osy kezendi tariyhqa deyingi uaqyt dep belgileu qajet.

Tarihy derekter men arheologiyalyq tabylghan zattar basqa eshqanday әdistermen qol jetkizilmeytin, absoluttik uaqyt belgisining tórttik geologiyasyna engizuge mýmkindik beredi. Búnyng neotektonika jәne qazirgi geologiyalyq ýderisterding jyldamdyghyn zertteude mәni zor.

Tarihy jәne fizika-geografiyalyq zandardy jәne olardyng ózara baylanysyn ashu, bir jaghynan, kóptegen tarihy oqighalargha janasha qaraugha, ekinshi jaghynan, - osy oqighalargha geografiyalyq ortanyng әserining dengeyin anyqtaugha mýmkindik beredi. Kenistiktegi tabighy jaghdaylargha geografiyalyq taldau jasau, osy eki tabighiy-tarihy keshenderding ózara baylanysyn ashu siyaqty biz qoldanghan tarihy zertteuler әdisi Euraziya kóshpendi halyqtarynyng tabighy jaghdayda damuyn qaraugha jәne tarihy oqighalardyng sayasy sipatyn fizika-geografiyalyq jaghdaylardyng ózgeruine baylanysty oqighalardan ajyrata alugha mýmkindik beredi.

Kórsetilgen aspektide tarihy faktilerdi qarastyru tabighy jaghdaydy belgileytin geografiyalyq ortanyng Euraziya qúrlyghyndaghy ormandy dala aimaghy halyqatyrynyng tarihy damuy barysynda ýlken roli atqarghandyghyn jәne úly memleketterding taghdyryndaghy sheshushi faktor bolghandyghyn kórsetedi. Key jaghdayda biyleushilerding daryny men úlylyghy olardyng halyqtaryn joyylyp ketuden qorghay almady, al basqa jaghdaylarda qatardaghy jay handar óz ordasynyng kýsh-quatyn saqtap qalugha kýsh-qayraty boldy. Áriyne, berik teng jaghdaylarda kósemderding daryny men batyldyghynyng zor mәni boldy, biraq Euraziyanyng ormandy –dala aimaghynyng halyqtarynyng taghdyryn jauyn-shashyn men jasyl shópter sheshti.