Óz uaqytynda Altyn Orda imperiyasynyng aumaghy kәri qúrlyqtyng (Europa) Shyghys bóligi jәne Aziyanyng biraz jartysy, yaghny aitqanda, Qara tenizden bastap, ejelden suy mol jәne jalpaq ózen Ertisting shalghyndy alqabtaryna deyin sozyldy.

Orta Aziyalyq Ámir Temir jetekshilik etken imperiya, Kishi Aziyadaghy, kezinde Deshti Qypshaq dalasynan barghan Shynghys hannyng nemeresi Qúbaghúl qúrghan imperiyany ózining qaramaghyna alghan son, Euraziya kenistigindegi alpauyt Altyn Orda qaghanatymen kýshi tepe-teng bolghan edi. Taghy bir aitarymyz, 1385 jyly Toqtamys han Kaspiy tenizining ontýstik bóligine joryq jasap, sol kezde gýldengen Tabriz aumaghyn talqandap, Ahmet Jalayyr súltannyng biyligindegi  úlysqa kiretin Ázirbayjan jerin ózining qúramyna qosyp aldy. Sóitip, Altyn Orda qaghanaty kýsheygen ýstine kýsheyip, alynbaytyn qamalgha ainalghanday boldy.  Toqtamystyng túsyndaghy Altyn Ordanyng aitarlyqtay jan-jaqty kýsheyui, Ámir Temir ýshin qauypti edi. Damyghan kóptegen qalalyq ortalyqtardy jәne diqandar manday terin tógip enbek etken jaziraly egis alqabtaryn, sonday-aq, úlan-baytaq daladaghy mal baqqan kóshpeli taypalardy biriktirip, uysynda ústaghan Altyn Orda imperiyasy Aziyanyng barlyq músylman elderin ózine qaratqan, týp qazyghy Maverannahr atyrabyna ornalasqan Ámir Temir memleketine, onyng aldaghy sharyqtap damuyna jәne kórkeyuine shynymende qauyp tóndirgen edi.

Eki imperiyanyng arasyndaghy alghashqy qaqtyghys 1387 jyldyng kókteminde Kavkazdaghy Derbent ótkelining manayynda  oryn aldy. Temirlannyng kelisimge jibergen kishigirim otryadyna Altyn Orda tarabynan kýtpegen jerden shabuyl jasalyp, talqandala jazdady. Eger, Ámir armiyasy qolbasshylarynyng biri  Miranshah ýlken әskermen jedel kelmegende, qyrghyn tabary anyq edi. Degenmen, kishigirim búl qaqtyghys, eki úly imperiyanyng arasynda arazdyq tughyzyp, soghys órtin tútatatynday jaghdaygha әkelmedi. Sóitip, aragha biraz jyldargha sozylghan tynyshtyq ornady. Kezinde Aq Ordanyng hany Orystyn  jazasynan qashyp kelip Temirlandy panalaghan Toqtamys, keyinnen onyng jәrdemimen Aq Ordanyng taghyna otyrady. Sóitip, Altyn Ordanyng sol tústaghy iyesi atanghan jәne osy úly qaghanattyng әsker qolbasshysy Mamaymen qatarynan birneshe jyl soghysady. Biraq, ýlken nәtiyjege jete almady. Qalay degenmen de, taghdyr Toqtamysqa jol ashqanday boldy. 1380 jyly Altyn Ordanyng Kýlik alqabyndaghy (Kulikovo pole) jenilisin paydalanyp, uaqyt ótkizbey Toqtamys han Mamaygha ontýstikten úrys ashyp, onyng armiyasyn týbegeyli talqandaydy. Osylaysha, Euraziyalyq imperiya Altyn Ordanyng taghyna әupirimdep qol jetkizedi.

Óz uaqytynda kómegin berip jәne biraz jyldar qasyna ertip jýrip, qaramaghyna әsker bólip, Maverannahr men Aq Ordanyng shekaralyq aimaghyndaghy Otyrar men Syghanaq qalasyn, sonday-aq onyng manayyn iyeligine úsynyp, asyrap saqtaghan Ámir Temirge jәne onyng qúrghan memleketine uaqyt óte kele jaulyqpen qaray bastady. Aradaghy osy biraz jylghy tynyshtyqty, alghashqy bolyp Toqtamys hannyng ózi ysyryp tastady. Onyng auyq-auyq jibergen otryadtarynyng Ámir Temir memleketining shekarasyna ishkerley enip, shetki qalalary men eldimekenderin tonap, adamdaryn qúldyqqa aidap ketip otyrdy.

Búghan shydamaghan Ámir Temir, 1391 jyldyng (qoy jyly) qantar aiynyng ayaghyna taman, eki jýz myndyq qalyng әskerimen Altyn Orda úlysyna qaray baghyt aldy. Jolda Betpaq dalany jәne Sary su atyrabyn basyp ótip, Saryarqa dalasymen toqtamay jýrip otyryp, qar men janbyrgha qaramay, ýsh ay degende Ertiske qúyatyn Tobyl ózenining jaghasyna jetti. Osy arada, biraz kýnge әskerine damyl berip, demaluyna rúqsat etti. Qalay desekte, alys sapargha shyqqan olar, aua-rayynyng ózgere bastaghanyn sezingen edi. Arab sayahatshysy Ibn Battutanyng sózimen aitqanda: «... Ony priblijalisi k «Strane mraka» (Sibiriy)». Býkil joryq jolynda eshkimdi kezdestirmegen Ámir Temir armiyasy, ýnemi aldarynda jýretin barlaushylarynyng ústap әkelgen tútqyndarynyng aituy boyynsha, Toqtamys әskerining ózderinen alys emes ekendigin úghady. «Ony shly eshe odnu nedelu y dostigly reky Samary. Zatem prishly razvedchiky utverjdaya, chto slyshaly kriky vrajeskih voysk. Vskore posle etogo Muhammad – Sultan dostavil plennika, odnogo iz kipchakskih voinov Toktamysa. On rasskazal, chto v etom rayone nahoditsya velikoe mnojestvo ord, no ony brosily lageri y otstupili, uslyshav soobsheniya o pribliyjeniy Timura. Timur prikazal postroiti voyska v boevoy poryadok, zapretiv komu – libo otluchatisya ot svoih otryadov y zajigati nochiu ogoni. Vesi deni on nastupal na zvuk barabanov y simbal vragov».

Úzamay eki imperiyanyng qalyng sarbazdary qarama-qarsy keldi.

«Vrag (Toqtamys әskeri) byl takje v obychnom boevom poryadke iz treh chastey s sentramy y dvumya flangami. Ego soldaty byly takje velikolepno voorujeny y vozglavlyalisi prinsamy hanskoy krovy roda Djuchy y emiramy samogo vysshego ranga. Nakones, dve armiy soshlisi na rasstoyanii, kogda mogly razglyadeti drug druga. Podnyav znamena y shtandarty, dve ogromnye kipchakskie armiy zabily v barabany, zakrichaly «Ur - rah» (Aruaq) y nachaly srajenie pod zvuky ogromnyh voennyh duhovnyh trub.»

Búl ghalamat maydandy arab sayahatshysy Ibn Battuta ózining jazbalarynda bylay sipattaydy: «...armiy brosilisi drug na druga y shkura ludey oshetinilasi, pokrytaya opereniyem strel y brovy vojdey y golovy voenachalinikov sognulisi v uvlecheniy voynoy y kinulisi vpered y pyli byla gustoy y stala chernoy, y vojdy y prostye soldaty odinakovo pogruzilisi v more kroviy...». Kezinde Shynghys han armiyasy múhittay kerilgen Qytaydy baghyndyrghanda nemese Altyn Orda qaghanaty Povoljielik Bulgar men Kavkazdy, Rusi pen Shyghys Europany jaulaghanda, dәp osynday at ýstindegi qalyng әsker qatysqan, keskilesken qanqasap soghys bola qoymaghan shyghar. Qos imperiyanyng biylikke taytalasqan jәne eki jaqtyng orasan zor kýshpen qaqtyghysyn, sol zamannyng jylnamashylary, sayahatshylary, osy taqyrypta qalam tartqan әlem ghalymdary men jazushylary keremettey qylyp suretteydi. («Rusi y Orda» Mihail Karateev, «Bremya Vlasti» Dmitriy Balashov) Bolyp ótken soghys Edil ózenining shyghys jaghyndaghy Qúndúz aimaghynda (Mejdu Samaroy y Chistopolem) oryn aldy. Ámir Temir búl soghysta әskerining kópshiligin joghaltqanymen, joryq joldarynda jinaghan tәjiriybesi men sheberligining arqasynda әupirimdep әreng jeniske jetti. Toqtamys han Altyn Orda әskerining aman qalghandaryn jedeldete jinap, keri sheginip ketti. Orta Aziyalyq barystyng qaramaghyna qarsy jaqtyng sansyz tútqyndary men olardyng әiel, balalary ótip jәne Maverannahr biyleushisi ýlken әskeri  oljagha ie boldy.

«Po – vidimomu Timur skoree stremilsya razrushiti moshi Zolotoy Ordy, chem organizovati svoy vladeniya iz etogo gosudarstva. On otdal territorii kipchakov v lennoe vladenie prinsev chingizskogo roda, kotorye, buduchy vragamy Toktamysa, vely postoyannuy boribu s niym: IYdege (Edige), Kutluk – oglanu (vnuk Urushana iz Beloy Ordy) y Kunche – oglanu. Etih prinsev otpravily s yarlykami, darovavshimy im ogromnye priviylegiy v otvet na ih pokornosti, s prikazamy sobrati ih poddannyh y priyvesty obratno k Timuru», - deydi ózining enbeginde Mihail Karataev.

 «Rusi y Orda» Mihail Karateev.

Degenmen, Altyn Orda imperiyasy búl jenilisine qaramay, әlide biraz jyldar Rusi pen kәri qúrlyqtyng shyghys bóligin uaqytsha bolsa da  ústap túrdy.

Altyn Ordamen aradaghy bolghan soghystaghy iri jenis, Ámir Temirding jiyrma jyldyq joryghyndaghy eng manyzdy jәne týbegeyli jenisterining biri deuge bolady.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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