Biyl – Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng tughanyna 190 jyl!

Shoqan Uәlihanov Qashqargha baryp qaytqan qúpiya saparynan song Tezek tórening auylynda jatyp, Qytaydaghy Aghylshyn elshisin kýtken kórinedi. El auzynda әli kýnge aitylyp kele jatqan búl әngime, biraq, Shoqan Shynghysúlynyng enbekterinde jazylmaghan, Shoqan ómirin zertteushiler de onyng izine týsken emes.

Alayda erte oyanghan, tughan elinen jyraqta óskenimen, qazaq halqynyng basyndaghy haldi tez tanyghan jas Shoqannyng janúshyryp alys-jaqynnan tileules dos izdegenin sezinuge әbden bolady. Onyng ýstine 19-ghasyrda  ónerkәsibi damy bastaghan, bay әri әskery quaty men qaru kýshi jetile týsken europalyq elder tóniregin jarysa jappay otarlaugha úmtylghan edi. Osynday kezende europalyqtardyng Aziya, Orta Aziya aimaghynan kózge kórinerlik túlghalardy izdep, olarmen baylanys ornatugha mýddeli bolghanyn da osy arada eskergenimiz jón.

Shoqan – aldymen ana tilinde, sosyn kóne týrki tilinde, izinshe arabsha, paryssha bilim alghan alghyr azamat. Ákesi Shynghystyng jeteleuimen Omby qalasyndaghy Sibir kadet korpusynda oqydy. Sibir kadet korpusy sol jyldary orys patshalyghyna qaraghan ólkelerde ozyq әri irgeli oqu oryny atalghan eken. Atalghan oqu ornyna bolashaq úly ghalym 1847 jyly 12 jasynda kelip týsti. «Orystyng qalasy balany tanqaldyryp, ol qaryndashpen qala kórinisterining birin saldy» dep jazady Shoqan turaly esteliginde dosy G.N. Potaniyn.

Shoqan kadette Potaninmen, Sibirdi jetik bilgen, keyin aghartushy-ghalym ataghymen tanylghan, Sibirde túnghysh baspa ashyp, «Amur» gazetin shygharghan V.I. Vaginmen, Qazaqstan men Sibir halyqtaryn zertteushi, publisist N.M. Yadrinsevpen, ataqty ghalym-statist N.F. Anneskiymen qatar oqydy. Áke dәuleti, ata-tegindegi aqsýiektik bozbala Shoqandy masattandyryp, ony ómirding qyzyldy-jasyldy ortasyna jetelep, jeliktire týsse kerek edi. Biraq Shoqan kadettegi dostarymen birge Belinskiy men Gersenning iydeyalaryna den qoydy. Monarhiyalyq biylikting qúrdymgha ketip, qúlaugha bet alghanyn úqty. Shoqandy otarlyq kýige týsip, órisi taryla bastaghan tughan halqynyng da taghdyry tolghandyrdy. Óitkeni ol otarshyldardyng qazaq dalasyna synalap enip qana qoymay, әmirshil әkimdik jýie ornata bastaghanyn óz otbasynyng jaghdayynan da anyq kórgen edi.

«Shynghys Syrymbette qysta ghana túryp, jazdy jaylauda ótkizgen. Jazghy demalysqa kelgen kezderinde keyde Shoqan men G.N. Potanin de Shyghyspen birge kóship jýrgen. XIX ghasyrdyng 50-60 jyldarynda Shynghystyng jaz jaylauy Syrymbetten alys, Esil ózenining jogharghy jaghynda, qazirgi Atbasar dalasynda bolghan. Potaninning suretteui boyynsha Shynystyng belgili jaylaulary – Qúlaayghyr, Qalamaqkól, Salqynkól jәne Toqty. Keyinnen kóship-qonu aumaghy tarylyp, Shynghys jaz mezgilin Syrymbetke jaqyn, Qazan audanyndaghy Saumalkól (Ayyrtau), Kýigenkól, Aqjar mekenderinde ótkizgen. XIX ghasyrdyng ayaghyna qaray Uәlihanovtardyng otbasy jaylaugha kóshudi dogharyp, Syrymbet tónireginde ómir sýrgen» deydi Álkey Marghúlan. (Á. Marghúlan. «Shoqan (Múhammed-Hanafiya) Shynghysúly Uәlihanovtyng ómiri men qyzmeti»).

Sibirding sheptik kazaktarynyng әskery uchiliyshesinde oryssha oqyp bilim alghan, orys ghalymdaryna qazaq halqynyng etnografiyalyq túrmysy jayynda mol maghlúmattar bergen, orys geodezistterining qazaq jerinde júmys jasap, Qúsmúrynda bekinis salugha jәrdemin tiygizgen Shynghys súltannyng Batys Sibir general-gubernatorynyng tarapynan qysym kórip, jaz jaylaugha kóshe almay qaluy kózi ashyq, kókiregi oyau Shoqandy oilandyrmady deuge mýlde kelmeydi. Ol әuletting basyndaghy ahualmen birge qazaq halqynyng kýizelisti jaghdayyn da anyq bildi. Demek, endigi shoqantanushylar Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng sayasy kózqarastaryna da mәn berip, ýnilui kerek-aq. Óitkeni Sovet ókimetining túsynda esim soyy elge tarap, enbekteri jaryqqa shyqqan, qúrmettelgen túlghalardy jappay orysshyl dep qabyldau, otarlaushylargha qúldyq úra qyzmet etken dep týsinu osy kýngi jastar arasynda  etek alyp barady. Búl qate týsinik. Sovettik mistifikatorlargha qarsy shyghamyz dep býgingi nigilister bәrin mansúqtaugha kóshti. Múnyng aqyry Shoqanday úly túlghalardyng beynesin el jadynan kóshirip, tarihtaghy ornyn joqqa shygharugha deyin terendep ketui mýmkin. Sonda Abaylar men Shoqandardyng oryn kim basady? Búl súraqqa diny kósemderdi mistifikasiyalaugha janyn salyp jýrgenderding is-әreketterinen jauap tabugha bolatyn siyaqty.

Shoqannyng әjesi Ayghanym (Uәly hannyng kishi jary) zamananyng әlpetin erte tanyp, orys biyligimen diplomatiyalyq qarym-qatynasta bolypty. Zerek anannyng orys oquyna jeti jasynda berip, balasy Shynghysty til ústartugha beyimdegenining astarynda ertenin oilaghan adamnyng qaraketi jatyr. Shynghysty orystyng geografiyalyq, antropologiyalyq qoghamy jaqsy bilgen. Shynghyspen olar aqyldasyp otyrghan. Al Shynghystyng Shoqannan ózge úldary da orystyng oily azamattarmen dostyq rәuishte qauyshyp otyrghan.

«Kókshetaudan shyghyp, Uәlihanovtardyng auylyn izdep kele jatyp men qazirgi kózi tiri aghayyndy tórteuining birimen óte ashyq baylanysta boluym kerek bolsa, ol, әriye, Maqy bolar edi» dep jazady Potaniyn. Maqy – Shoqannyng inisi. Ol Peterborda 11 jyl túrghan. Kәsiby qylqalam sheberi. Shoqannyng taghy biri inisi Mahmút ta Shoqannyng yqpalymen orys jәne batys klassikterining shygharmalaryn oqyp er jetedi. Ol da orystyng aldynghy qatarly úldarmen aralasqan. Mahmúttyng dostary injenerler, ghalymdar, әdebiyetshiler, zertteushiler bolghan. Feodor Dostoevskiyding Semeyden jazghan hatyn Shoqangha joldaghan da – Mahmút. Endeshe Mahmút pen Dostoevskiyding arasyndaghy tanystyq-bilistik te shoqantanushylargha taqyryp bolady dep bilemiz. Shoqannyng jәne bir inisi Saqypkerey (Qozyke) – әnshi, kompozitor. Qozykening aghasy Shoqangha arnap shygharghan «Kókening amanaty» әnin kezinde Kókshe júrty aityp jýrgen. Qozyke Aqan serimen syrlas, dos bolypty.

Múhammed-Hanafiya (Shoqan) bala kezinen sayahattaudy jany sýigen eken. Kókshening mýlgigen ormandy alqaptary men kógildir taulary bala qiyalyn úshtap, alys armandargha jetelegenge úqsaydy. Endeshe býgingi jas úrpaq ta Shoqan әlemine asqan qúshtarlyqpen sayahattaugha tiyis.

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