Stalindi tamsandyrghan kýishi Qambar Medetov jayly ne bilemiz?

Álimsaqtan әigili kýidi eng alghash tyndaghan Joshyhan әmirshi ekendigi, keyingi aqiqat shejire kýidi әmirshi ataulydan eng songhy bolyp tyndaghan - Jýsip ekendigi. Tyndasyn-aq, tipti qorghasynday auyr alaqandaryn bayau soghyp, kýishige qoshemet te kórsetken tәrizdi. Joshy tyndaghannan keyin onyng әmirimen kýmbirli dombyranyng kómeyine qorghasyn qúiylsa, Jýsip, yaghny Iosif Stalin tyndaghannan keyin kýidi oryndaghan kýishi qapasqa qamalyp, dombyrasymen mәngilik qoshtasqan.
Kóp júmbaqtap qayteyik, kýiding aty – «Aqsaq qúlan», al kýishining esimi – Qambar Medetov. HH ghasyrdaghy eng sheber oryndaushylardyng biri de biregeyi, ghasyrdyng qúrdasy, alayda erkindigi onyng alghashqy 37 jylymen ghana shektelgen Qambar Medetov 1936 jyly Mәskeude ótken qazaq ónerining onkýndigine Qazaqtyng últtyq orkestrin jetekshilik etip alyp barghan. Sonda ózi «Aqsaq qúlandy» tyndaushynyng qúlaq qúryshyn qandyra oryndap, Stalinning nazaryn eriksiz audartqan. Sol, sol-aq eken,  kóp úzamay repressiya bastalyp, týp negizi kishi jýz hany Ábilhayyrdan taraytyn kýishi abaqtygha qamalyp, aqyry sodan qaytpady.

«Kýlәsh turalysóz taratypty-mys»...

Stalindi tamsandyrghan kýishi Qambar Medetov jayly ne bilemiz?

Álimsaqtan әigili kýidi eng alghash tyndaghan Joshyhan әmirshi ekendigi, keyingi aqiqat shejire kýidi әmirshi ataulydan eng songhy bolyp tyndaghan - Jýsip ekendigi. Tyndasyn-aq, tipti qorghasynday auyr alaqandaryn bayau soghyp, kýishige qoshemet te kórsetken tәrizdi. Joshy tyndaghannan keyin onyng әmirimen kýmbirli dombyranyng kómeyine qorghasyn qúiylsa, Jýsip, yaghny Iosif Stalin tyndaghannan keyin kýidi oryndaghan kýishi qapasqa qamalyp, dombyrasymen mәngilik qoshtasqan.
Kóp júmbaqtap qayteyik, kýiding aty – «Aqsaq qúlan», al kýishining esimi – Qambar Medetov. HH ghasyrdaghy eng sheber oryndaushylardyng biri de biregeyi, ghasyrdyng qúrdasy, alayda erkindigi onyng alghashqy 37 jylymen ghana shektelgen Qambar Medetov 1936 jyly Mәskeude ótken qazaq ónerining onkýndigine Qazaqtyng últtyq orkestrin jetekshilik etip alyp barghan. Sonda ózi «Aqsaq qúlandy» tyndaushynyng qúlaq qúryshyn qandyra oryndap, Stalinning nazaryn eriksiz audartqan. Sol, sol-aq eken,  kóp úzamay repressiya bastalyp, týp negizi kishi jýz hany Ábilhayyrdan taraytyn kýishi abaqtygha qamalyp, aqyry sodan qaytpady.

«Kýlәsh turalysóz taratypty-mys»...
Aqtóbe oblysyna jasaghan issaparymyzda biz ataqty kýishi, repressiya qúrbany Qambar Medetovting kelini Aysúlu әjeymen  jolyghyp, әngimelestik. Ataqty kýishige japqan jala jayly әjeyding auzynan estigenimizde ne kýlerimizdi, ne jylarymyzdy bilmey dal boldyq.
- Medet – Erqoja atamnyng әkesi, sol Erqoja atamnan tughan  Qambar qayynagham 1937 jyly naqaq jala jabylyp, ústalyp ketti, - dep bastady әngimesin toqsannyng tórine ozghan әjey. - Sondaghy japqan jalalarynyng siqy – «Kýlәsh Bayseyitovany ústap әketipti» degen qaueset sóz taratypty-mys. Shyndyghynda onday sóz bir keshte otyrghanda dastarqan basynda aitylyp, sonynda keshe ghana abyroyly qyzmet atqaryp jýrgen Qambar aghamyzdy birden júmystan quady. Soghan qaramastan, ol kisi júmysynan bir kýn qalmay, tanerteng baryp, keshke qaytyp jýrgen. Basqa jerge  qashyp ketudi tipti oiyna da almaghan. Oghan bir jaghy әkesining sózi de sep boldy. «Balam, elden qashsan, istemegen kinәndi moyyndaghanmen teng bolasyn, ornynda bar onalar» -  dedi atamyz. Biraq ókinishke oray, bir-aq sәtte eshnәrsege  moyyn búrghyzbastan ústady da әketti ghoy.  
Ústap ketken boyda Tayga degen jerge jiberipti. Ayyna bir-aq ret úshaq qatynaydy, bolmasa ol da joq. Ol kisini ústap ketkende kýz bolatyn. Sonda ýstinde bar bolghany kәstóm-shalbar men júqa tóplii ghana bar. Qalyng kiyimderin artynan bәlen kýni alyp kelinder degen, aitqan kýni baryp ek, jer sipap qaldyq qoy. Bir ay degende hat keldi. «Tayga degen jerdemiz. Júmys istep jatyrmyz. Jaqsy da, jaysang da osynda eken. Tonyp jýrmin. Maghan qalyng kiyimderimdi salyndar. Oghan rúqsat. Ayyna bir ret hat-habar alyp túrugha múrsat berilgen» dep keledi hat mazmúny. Aytqandaryn salyp túrdyq. Bir kýni dombyramdy salyndar dedi. Saldyq ony da. Sóitip jýrgende kóp úzamay ol kisining naqaqtan ketkeni turaly Mәskeuden habar keldi dep audannan atamdy ýiden shaqyryp alyp ketken. «Úlynyz kóp úzamay oralady. Mine onyn  aqtalghandyghy turaly qaghaz. Men endi osyny Taygagha jibergeli otyrmyn» degen sonda isteytin bir kisi.  Atamyz sol qújattyng kóshirmesin alyp ýige quanyp oraldy. Sodan biraz uaqyt ótti. Esh habar bolmaghan song atamyz mәn-jaydy bilgeli barsa, әlgindey habardy aitqan kisini soghysqa alyp ketipti. Sodan biz aghamyzdyng ózin  aqtaghandyghy jayly qaghazdy alghan ne almaghandyghyn bilmeymiz. Bәlkim,  aqtalu qaghazy qolyna tiyip, soghysqa alyp ketken shyghar dep jorydyq ózimiz. Aqiqatyn әli kýnge bilmeymiz.
Qazaqtyng mandayyna bitken sonday súnghyla, sanlaq túlghany tughan jerinen aiyryp, Qiyr Shyghys, qazaqsha aitqanda «itjekkenge» aidap jibergennen keyin kýishining taghdyry otbasy, qala berdi eli ýshin júmbaq kýide qaldy. Ózining aqtalghandyghy jónindegi qújatty alyp, maydangha attanyp, sonda qaza tapty ma, bolmasa qújat jetkenshe-aq búl dýniyemen qosh aitysyp ýlgerdi me? Beymәlim. Búlynghyr. 
- Atamyz 1942 jyly soghysta jýrip qaytys bolypty, - deydi kýishining nemeresi Ayjan Berdibaeva. -  Biraq ony otbasy birshama uaqyt ótkenge deyin bilmey kelgen. Bertin kele, zaman biraz tynyshtalghanda, yaghny Stalin qaytys bolghannan keyin qyzdary әkesin izdep týrli qúzyrly oryndargha hat jaza bastaydy. Sóitip aqyr ayaghynda 1957 jyly Qambar Medetovting qaytys bolghandyghyn biledi. Bizding ýide ýsh birdey qújat bar, ýsheuinde ol kisining qaytys bolu sebebi ýsh týrli kórsetilgen. Bir jerde ókpening qabynuynan qaytys boldy dese, birinde infarkt dep kórsetken. Sonyng ózi sol zamanda adam qúnynyn, jeke taghdyrlargha bey-jay qaray salghan salghyrttyqty kórsetedi.

«Alty qaz» jәne kýishi qúdireti
1901 jyldyng 1 mamyrynda Aqtóbe oblysynyng Mәrtók audanyndaghy Jaysang auylynda dýniyege kelgen Qambar Medetov qazaq ónerinde ózindik orny bar maytalman kýishi bolghanymen, býgingi úrpaqqa esimining belgisiz qaluynyng sebebi sol otyzynshy jyldardyng yzghary. Áytpese, zamanynda halyq arasyna ataghy kennen taraghan kýishi jayly HH ghasyr basyndaghy belgili muzykalyq etnograf Aleksandr Zataevich, ataqty kompozitor Evgeniy Brusilovskiy, asa kórnekti ghalymdarymyz aghayyndy Qúdaybergen, Ahmet Júbanovtar kezinde kitaptarynda jazyp ketken. Sol enbekterding ishinde kózi joyylmay, aman saqtalyp qalghany etnograf-ghalym Zataevichting enbegi. Ózining 1925 jyly Mәskeude orys tilinde jaryq kórgen  «Qazaq halqynyng 1000 әninde» ghalym qazaqtyn  tendesi joq kýishisining ónerine tәnti bolghandyghy jóninde bylay degen:  «Ákesi boyynsha  Qambar Medetov, shyndyghynda Qarataev, oraldyq aqiyq әnshi Múhit Qarataevtyng inilerining biri, Orynbor realdyq uchiliyshesining birneshe klasyn bitirgen jas jigit, al 1923 jyly men odan shygharmalar jazyp alghan kezde Orynbordaghy zang kursynyng tyndaushysy bolatyn. Asqan әnshi, keremet dombyrashy, qazaqtyng halyq әueni jóninen súnghyla bolyp shyqty. Ol bergen asa qúndy mәlimetterdi, onyng ishinde tendessiz ýsh kýidi Aqtóbe tobymen qatar Orynbor jәne Týrkistan tobyna engizip otyrmyn».
Otyzynshy jyldary Leningradtan kelip, últtyq opera jazudy alghash qolgha alghan Brusilovskiy «Qyz Jibek» operasynda Tólegenning aqyrghy demi aldyndaghy kórinisine sәikes әuen, kýy izdep dal bolady. Sonda Temirbek Jýrgenov kompozitordy Qambarmen tanystaryp, ol «Alty qaz» ben «Aqsaq qúlandy» oryndaghanda, Brusilovskiy muzykalyq arnayy bilimi joq halyq arasyndaghy qarapayym kýishining boyyndaghy darynyna tanghalyp:  «Medetovting dombyra tartuy basqa dombyrashylardyng bәrinen mýldem ózgeshe tәrizdi. Ol әldebir airyqsha tәsilmen tartady. Ishekting naqyshty ýni birden birge qonglana týsip, eshbir sembey, kýmbirley shalqyp estiletindey. Onyng qolyndaghy dombyradan әldebir qaytalanbas guil, әsem kýmbir әuen esile qúiylghanday siqyr bauraydy» degen alghashqy әseri jadynda jarty ghasyr sol kýii saqtalyp baryp estelikke týsken. «Aqsaq qúlandy» tartqanda Qambardyng sheberligine sýisingen Stalin tipti óz qúlaghyna ózi senbepti.  Kýmbirlegen kýiding jalghyz dombyradan shyghuy mýmkin emes, sahna syrtynda birneshe aspap qosyla oinalyp jatyr degen kýdikti oimen  baqylaushy jiberedi. Qaytyp kelgen adamy onday eshtenening joqtyghyn, kýmbirlegen tek qonyr dombyranyng dausy ghana ekendigin aitqanda, әmirshi basyn shayqapty desedi júrt.
Kýy – zamana tolghauy, sol zamandy bastan keshirgen halyqtyng ishki tolghanysy. Bizding zamangha jetpey qalghany qansha desenizshe... Siyrek oryndalatyn «Alty qaz», «Aqsaq qúlandy» Qambar Medetov A.Zataevichke oinap jetkizbese, kýiler taghdyrynyng qalay bolatyny belgisiz edi. Degenmen, bir ókinishtisi Qambar Medetovtyng ózining oryndauyndaghy kýileri saqtalmapty. Ol jóninde nemeresi Ayjan bylay deydi:
- Bala kýnimde esimde atamyzdyng óz qolymen oryndaghan kýileri jazylghan gramplastinka oinalyp túratyn ýide. «Qara jorgha» men «Aqsaq qúlan» kýileri eken ghoy solar. Abaysyzda ol plastinka synyp qaldy da, biz sonday qúndy dýniyeden airylyp qaldyq. Keyinnen qansha jerlerden, jeke kolleksionerlerden de izdep taba almaghan son, qatty ókindik.

Últ aspaptar orkestrining úitqysy
Eger biz Qambar Medetov tek qana kýishi bolghan desek, onda myqtap qateleskenimiz. Segiz qyrly, bir syrly osynau daryn iyesi kezinde zang salasynda qyzmet etip, halyqtyng qúqyn qorghaghan. Tipti ol kisi 20-jyldary Aqtóbe oblysynyng Mәrtók audany, Jaysang degen jerde ashylghan balalar ýiining túnghysh diyrektory da bolypty. Osylay oblystyng týrli audandarynda prokuror, sot qyzmetterin de atqaryp jýrgen jerinen 1934 jyly akademik Ahmet Júbanov býkilqazaqstandyq ónerpazdar sletin úiymdastyrady. Soghan respublikanyng týkpir-týkpirinen kýishiler men әnshi, jyrshylardyng qatarynda әigili dombyrashylar Mahambet Bókeyhanov, Nausha Bókeyhanov, Lúqpan Múhitov jәne osy Qambar Medetov siyaqty óner sanlaqtary bas qosady. Saydyng tasynday iriktelgen sheber kýishilerden sol jyly túnghysh ret últ aspaptar orkestri qúrylady. Qambar Medetov orkestrde dombyra tarta jýrip, ózining oqyghandyghynyn, búryn týrli qyzmetterdi atqarghandyghynyng arqasynda 1935-36 j filarmoniyanyng әkimshisi, keyin diyrektordyng orynbasary qyzmetterin atqarady. Sonday sauatty, zang men qúqyqtan habary bolghan әri últtyq muzyka ónerin keninen nasihattaghyn túlghany kenestik totalitarlyq jýie jay qaldyrsyn ba? «Halyq arasynda kenestik jýiege qarsy ýgit-nasihat jýrgizdi» degen aiyppen, aidaghan da jibergen.
1937 jyldyng 1 jeltoqsanynda Almaty oblystyq NKVD ýshtigining ýkimimen RSFSR qylmystyq kodeksining 58-10,11 baptary boyynsha  aiyptalyp, on jylgha sottalghan Medetovting jazyghy ne? Nemere aghasy Baqytjan Qarataevtyng ómirining sonynda kenes sayasatyna, partiyagha qarsy shyghuyna oray ósh alu ma? Ózimen atalas taghy bir dәulesker dombyrashynyng andamay óz әuletinen shyqqan kýishini ýkilep, úlylyghy odan kem emes halyq kýishisin qaghyta sóilegen auyzeki pikirin bireuler teris nasihatqa jorydy ma? Álde «halyq jauy» atanghan halkom Temirbek Jýrgenovpen syilastyghy sor boldy ma? Jau әshkereleuding josparyn oryndau ýshin organdaghylar oilap tabar jala kóp te, jaza bireu zaman ghoy.
Sol ketkennen Qiyr Shyghysta lagerde jýrip qaza tapqany ne Otan qorghaushylar qatarynda maydanda jýrip qaza tapqany belgisiz qayran erding artynda anyrap qalghan anasy Mәliyke aqyrghy demine deyin balasyn kýtumen ótken. Jary Gýlihran eki qyzyn qatardan qaldyrmay, jetelep jýrip jetkizdi. Ýlken qyzy Raya әkesi ústalghanda, 6 jasta, kishisi Biybizada 3 jasta edi. Bizge súhbat bergen ata múrasynyng janashyry, belgili ghalym, akademik Rahmanqúl Berdibaydyng qyzy Ayjan - kýishining kishi qyzy Biybizadadan tughan.
2001 jyly Qambar Medetovting 100 jyldyq mereytoyy qarsanynda úly túlghany úrpaq esinde qaldyru turasynda tughan jeri Aqtóbe oblysynyng Mәrtók audanynda ol kisining atyna kóshe jәne óner mektebining aty berilipti. 
Oblystyq jәne audandyq múrajaylarda kýishining kezinde tútynghan zattary, qújattary men suretteri saqtalghan. Odan búryn, eng bastysy «Aqsaq qúlanday» jelisti, shabysty, arpalysty tragediyalyq tuyndy san ghasyr sarynyn joymay kelip, óner shejiresinde osy kýishige telinip qaldy. Sәikestik pe, qatigez zamannyng óz taghdyry da keyde alas úrghan aqsaq qúlangha úqsaytynday.

Mәriyam ÁBSATTAR.