1936 jyly 17-26 mamyr aralyghynda Mәskeude Qazaq mәdeniyetining onkýndigi ótti. Búl shara qazaq halqynyng óneri men mәdeniyetin býkil Kenes Odaghyna tanytqan tarihy oqigha boldy. Onkýndik qazaq mәdeniyetining damuyna jana serpin berdi. Osynday iri sharany úiymdastyruda sheshushi ról atqarghan túlgha, Jabasaqtyng tumasy – Temirbek Jýrgenov. Sharanyng úiymdastyryluy men onyng joghary dengeyde ótuine sol jyldary Halyq aghartu komissary bolghan Temirbek Qaraúly Jýrgenovting enbegining zor bolghanyn aitpay ótuge bolmaydy. Tómende osy mәdeny sharagha barghan Aqqúmnyng perzenti Álim Almattyng estelikterine toqtalyp, shynayy tarihy baghasyn beruge tyrysamyz.

«Jana mәdeny betbúrys»

Jabasaqtyng birtuar perzenti Temirbek Jýrgenov (Qaranyz: Qazaq sovet ensiklopediyasy, 4-tom, 531-bet; Aqtóbe ensiklopediyasy. 441-bet, «Temirbek Jýrgenov», «Saryarqa» b. 2018. 12, 199-bet., Kәrten B. Qas ýlekten tughan kәtepti...// 27.11. 2014. aqtobegazeti.kz) Qazaq jerine kelisimen qysqa ghana uaqyt ishinde ýlken ózgerister jasady. Jýrgenovting arqasynda kóptegen mektepter, teatrlar boy kóterdi. Qazaqstangha kelmesten búryn Temirbek Jýrgenov Ózbek SSR-nyng Halyq aghartu komissary bolghan kezde Qazaq ASSR-ning birinshi hatshysy Mirzoyannyng ótinishimen oghan Ghabit Mýsirepov keledi. Kelgendegi sebebi Qazaq ASSR-nyng Mәdeniyeti men Oqu-Aghartu isining túralap, qúrdymgha ketip bara jatqanyn jetkizip, osy salany qolgha aluyng súraydy. Ghabit Mýsirepov Temirbek Jýrgenovti 10 kýnning ishinde әreng degende kóndirip, Jýrgenovti Qazaqstangha alyp keledi (qaranyz:Iliyasova, K.M. Taghdyr-tariyh:skripkashy Álim Almattyng kýndelikti ómiri, 45-bet). Mirzoyannyng aldyna kelgen Temirbek Jýrgenov 3 shart qoyady.

• Meni «baydyng túqymy» dep til tiygizip, qudalamaysyndar!
• Mening salama bólingen qarajatty basqa salalar kóz alartpauyn qadaghalaysyn!
• Meni Ólkelik partiya burosyna kirgizesin!

Múnymen tolyq kelisken Mirzoyan Temirbek Jýrgenovke senip, osy 3 shartty qaltqysyz oryndaydy. Temirbek Mirzoyannyng senimen abroymen aqtaydy. Barlyq qarajatty Oqu-aghartu júmysyna júmsaydy.

Qolymyzdaghy Iliyasova.K.M. «Taghdyr-tariyh: skripkashy Álim Almattyng kýndelikti ómiri» jәne B.Myrzabay men A.Almatovtyng 2018 jyly «Saryarqa» baspasynan shyqqan «Temirbek Jýrgenov» atty enbekterinde bylay dep jazady:

«Kak mojno govoriti o sozdaniy vuza, - vysprenno vosklisaly oni, - kogda daje v shkolah net vozmojnosty naladiti obuchenie na rodnom yazyke?!»

Ratuya za razvitie vysshego obrazovaniyav Kazahstane, T.K.Jurgenev otnudi ne yavlyalsya pustym mechtatelem. On realino uchittyval, y bolishe togo, ishodil iz priznaniya znachiytelinogo otstvaniya respubliky v oblasty kulitury. «Sushestvuyshaya shkolinaya seti, - otmechal on v doklade, po dannym Narkomprosa Kazahstana, ohvatyvaet... toliko do 17% kazahskiy detey shkolinogo vozrasta, a prochego neseleniya – do 40%. Negramotnosti sredy kazahskih nasiylenie – 95%, sredy prochego – 72%».

Aytalyq, osy kezdegi Qazaqstanda sauatsyz adamdardyng ýlesi – 38% bolsa, qazaqtar arasynda kórsetkish – 43% qúrady. Qazaq auyldaryndaghy bastauysh bilim beru dengeyi balalardyng tek 50-60% qúrady.

Sonymen L.Mirzoyannyng túsynda T.Jýrgenovting oqu-aghartu, mәdeniyet, ghylym, óner salalaryndaghy qat-qabat sharualary bastalyp ketedi. Sovet biyligining repressiyalau sayasatynyng aldynda Ghalymjan oqu demalysy uaqytynda Almatygha kelip, Fayzolla aghasymen birge Temirbek Jýrgenovting ýiine sәlem beruge barady. «O, qara bala, jaqsy keldin, - degen Temirbek agha Fayzolla aghaygha «Ogonyok» jurnalyn kórsetedi, jurnalda «Gh.Ábsәlamov – Ózbekstannyng eng ýzdik oqyghan, talantty muzykant balasy» – dep jazylghan eken(qaranyz:Iliyasova, K.M. Taghdyr-tariyh:skripkashy Álim Almattyng kýndelikti ómiri, 46-bet).

«Tektining túyaghy»

1917 jyly sәuir aiynda Jabasaqtyng Aqqúm jaylauynda dýniyege kelgen qazaqtan shyqqan túnghysh kәsiby skripkashy – Ghalymjan Ábdisalamov(qaranyz:N.Sýiin - Skripka taghdyr. Aqqúmda aunap ósken bala...//16.01.2026. aqshamgazeti, Ystambúlda Álim Almat esimdi qazaq sarbazy túrady.., Tәlkeke týsken taghdyr...//2016. Qazaqstan Últtyq telearnasy) – Mәskeudegi onkýndikke qatysqan eken. Búl turaly «Ogonek» jurnalynyng 1936 jylghy shygharylymynda bar bolyp shyqty. Aqqúmnyng perzenti Ghalymjan 1936 jylghy dekadada K.Bayseyitova, Sh.Jiyenqúlovanyng ónerleri men S.Seyfullinning qazaq әdebiyetindegi qyzmetining jiyrma jyldyq mereytoyyna qatysty jeke suretteri «Qazaq teatry» atty maqalada jariyalanghan eken. Ýsh jasynda әkesinen erte jetim qalghan Ghalymjandy, atasy Tóremúrat tәrbiyeleydi. Onyng naghashy jaghy da osal bolmaghan. Ájesi sol uaqyttaghy Basyqara qopasyn jaylaghan Qara degen asa dәuletti adamnyng auylynan eken. Óz anasy Qanymsha Saudaqyzy Aqsaqal-Tәuip bolysyn úzaq uaqyt basqarghan Toqa Sәtbay auylynyng qyzy bolghan. Ghalymjandy 5-6 jasynda atasy Tóremúrat Qaraqaydan Basyqara qopasyndaghy Qara naghashy atasynyng auylyna ertip aparady. Temirbek naghashysy Tashkenttegi oquynan auylgha demalysqa kelip jatqan kezi eken. Barghanda naghashy atasy Qara:

• Ghalymjan, sening naghashyng kim? – dep súrapty. Sonda Ghalymjan:
• Siz tay beretin naghashymsyz, Temirbek agha qalam men qaghaz beretin naghashym, - dep jauap beripti.
• Ou, mynau qanday aqyldy bala, әkelinder taydy, mingizinder, - dep Qara naghashysy mәz bolypty. Mine, Ghalymjandy «tektining túyaghy» deuge bolady (qaranyz:Iliyasova, K.M. Álim Almat: Ómiri men óneri, 16-17 bet.).

«Taghdyryng týbegeyli ózgertken...»

Álim Almattyn(Ghalymjan) estelikterinde: «1931 jyly aghasy Fayzolla bay-bolystyng balalaryn týbinde oqudan shygharady dep Shalqar arqyly poezben Tashkentke kelip, sol kezde Ózbekstannyng Narkomprosyn basqaratyn Temirbek Jýrgenovke jolyghady. Temirbek Ghalymjangha eng aldymen bilim alu kerektigin aitady. Naghashysy kim bolghysy keletin súraghanda- matematik nemese injener dep jauap beripti. «Qazaqta matematik kóp, sen dombyra tartu bilesing ghoy, muzyka uchiliyshesinde skripka aspabynda oinaudy ýiretetin oqu bar» - dep, óner jolyna týsirip, taghdyryng týbegeyli ózgertedi. Ol zamanda qazaq jerinde matematik dayyndau qiyn kezeng edi. Sondyqtan da naghashysy muzyka salasyna oqugha kenes berip, oqugha týsuge kómektesedi. Temirbek jiyening ónerge, muzyka salasyna beyimdeydi.

Álim Almattyng ómiri men taghdyryng týbegeyli ózgertken oqu-aghartu, óner salasyndaghy qyzmetin zamandastary óte joghary baghalaghan. Mysaly, S.Seyfullin «Bizding Jýrgenov – isker narkom» dese, L.Mirzoyan «Jurgenov – jeleznyy narkom» dep respublikanyng ózge basshylaryna ýlgi etken. Ol bir jyl óter-ótpesten, 1934 jyly Halyq óneri qayratkerlerining I-sletin úiymdastyryp ótkizedi, sonday-aq manyzdy qaulylardyng («Muzykalyq teatrlargha kadrlar dayarlau turaly is-sharalar turaly»; «Últtyq ónerdi damytugha baylanysty is-sharalar turaly») qabyldanuyna múryndyq bolady(qaranyz:Iliyasova, K.M. Álim Almat: Ómiri men óneri, 22-23 bet.).

Temirbek Jýrgenovting Mәskeude ótken Qazaq әdebiyeti men ónerining onkýndigin óte joghary dengeyde úiymdastyruyna qysqasha toqtalyp ótelik.

Onkýndik 30-jyldardaghy qazaq ónerin bayqaudyng biyik shyny bolyp býginde tariyhqa endi. Onyng jogharghy dәrejede ótui, jasyrmay aitqanda, Temirbek Jýrgenovting arqasy edi. Ol bolmaytyndy boldyratyn, sózdi tikeley iske ainaldyra biletin, jauapkershilik pen tәrtipti berik saqtaytyn asa ýlken qayratker ekening tanytty. Ol kýni-týni úiqysyz qyzmet etti. Onyng mazasyz tirshiliginde qyzmettes bolghan adamdar jii eske alatyn. Dayyndyqqa 3 ay uaqyt ketti. T.Jýrgenov dayyndyqty kýndelikti tekserip otyrdy. Jalpy tarihy derekterge sýiensek Mәskeuge 300 ónerpaz barghan eken.

«Tiri qalghanym Temirbek aghaydyng arqasy...»

Temirbek Jýrgenov habarlasyp:

• Ghalymjan, sen endi Tashkentten Almatygha auysasyn, - dep meni Ahmet agha Júbanovqa jiberdi. Almatydaghy muzyka uchiliyshesining skripka klasynda oqy jýrip, 70 adamdyq dombyra orkestrining qúramynda 6-7 bala(4 qazaq, 1 tatar, 2 úighyr) dayyndyqqa(repetisiya) qatysyp jýrdik. Ahmet aghay muzyka tarihynan sabaq berdi. Ghanbar Medetov degen kýishi men Abyl aghay(A.Mahanov) esimde, kópshiligining attaryn úmyttym. Temirbek agha bizderge, balalargha arnayy kostumder tiktirdi, Mәskeude ótetin 1936 jylghy 10 kýndik qarsanynda. Sheshemiz bizdi - Úzaqbay aghanyn(Ú.Qúlymbetov), Temirbek aghanyng ýilerine jii aparatyn. Úzaqbay aghanyng Mәskeude oqityn inisi (Jolmúrat Qúlymbetov), qyzdary, Temirbek aghanyng Kәpnazar degen inisi, Júmanazar degen balasy bolatyn, men olargha dombyra tartyp beretin edim. Mәskeude bolatyn Qazaq ónerining 10 kýndigi qarsanynda tanertengi 9-dan damylsyz repetisiyalar bolyp jýrdi. Temirbek agha sol repetisiyalargha jii kelip qatysatyn.

Opera teatry «Qyz Jibek» operasymen bardy. Esimde qalghany — Kýlәsh Bayseyitova, Qanabek Bayseytov, Qúrmanbek-Shara Jandarbekovter. Ýlken teatrdaghy lojada otyrghan I. Stalin men onyng sol jaghynda 3-4 adamnan keyin Temirbek agha otyrdy. Konsertter zor anshlagpen ótti. Sonynan I. Staliyn, L. Mirzoyandardyng qatysuymen ziyafat (banket) berildi. Kýlәsh әn saldy. Almatygha oralghan song teatrdyng zavhozy balalargha tiktirgen kostumderdi ózimizde qaldyrudy súrauymdy ótindi. Men olardyng ótinishin oryndap, Temirbek aghagha jetkizdim. Temirbek agha kostumderdi ózimizde qaldyrugha núsqau bergende, bәrimizding quanyshymyzda shek bolghan joq. 1937 jyldyng jazynda «halyq jaularyn» jappay ústau bastaldy(qaranyz:B.Myrzabay men A.Almatov - «Temirbek Jýrgenov», «Saryarqa» b. 2018. 412-bet.).

Temirbek Jýrgenov pen Álim Almat sekildi kóptegen alash arystarynyng arqasynda Qazaq ASSR-nan Qazaq SSR bolyp, 1991 jyly 16 jeltoqsanda Qazaqstan Kenes ókimetinen tәuelsizdigimizdi alghan bolatynbyz. Oghan qosa Qazaq Óneri osy tarihy oqighadan keyin jana beleske kóterildi.

1936 jyly Mәskeude ótken Qazaq óneri men mәdeniyetining onkýndigi – últ tarihyndaghy airyqsha beles, qazaq halqynyng ruhany әleuetin әlemge tanytqan taghylymdy oqigha boldy. Búl onkýndik ayasynda qazaqtyng dәstýrli әn-kýii, sahnalyq óneri, әdebiyeti men by mәdeniyeti keninen nasihattalyp, qazaq ónerpazdarynyng kәsiby sheberligi joghary dengeyde baghalandy. Osy arqyly qazaq mәdeniyeti túnghysh ret ýlken sayasiy-mәdeny ortalyqta moyyndalyp, últtyq ónerding jana kezenge qadam basqany aiqyn kórindi. Búl tarihy sharanyng manyzy tek sol kezenmen shektelmeydi. Onyng әseri býgingi tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng mәdeny damuynan da aiqyn bayqalady. Onkýndik qazaq ónerining irgesin bekitip, kәsiby teatr men muzyka salasynyng qalyptasuyna jol ashty. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde qazirgi tanda әlemdik dengeyde tanylghan óner újymdary men daryndy túlghalardyng shyghuyna negiz qalandy. Tәuelsiz elimizding mәdeny sayasaty, últtyq qúndylyqtardy janghyrtu baghyty da sol kezendegi bastamalardyng zandy jalghasy ispettes. Sonymen qatar, Mәskeudegi onkýndik qazaq halqynyng ózin-ózi tanuyna, últtyq maqtanysh sezimining oyanuyna zor yqpal etti. Býgingi kýni búl ruhany sabaqtastyq el birligin nyghaytyp, mәdeny múrany saqtaugha degen jauapkershilikti arttyryp otyr. Osynday tarihy oqighalar arqyly biz óz tamyrymyzdy terenirek týsinip, bolashaqqa nyq qadam jasaymyz.

Qorytyndylay kele, 1936 jylghy mәdeny onkýndik – qazirgi tәuelsiz Qazaqstan mәdeniyetining damuyna negiz bolghan, últtyq ruhty asqaqtatqan úly oqigha. Ol – el tarihyndaghy maqtanyshpen aitylatyn, úrpaqqa ýlgi bolatyn altyn múra.

Asqar Rahymjanúly, tarihshy

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