XX ghasyrdyng alghashqy jartysy qazaq halqy ýshin eng auyr kezenderding biri boldy. Otarlyq qysym, soghys, kóterilis, bosqynshylyq, jút, indet jәne kenestik sayasat qazaq qoghamyn búryn-sondy bolmaghan apattargha alyp keldi. Sol nәubetterding eng auyry – ashtyq jyldary edi.

Qazaq dalasy XX ghasyr basynda keminde ýsh iri asharshylyqty bastan ótkerdi:

1916-1918 jyldar – Jetisu bosqynshylyghy men Týrkistan ólkesindegi ashtyq;

1921-1922 jyldar – Batys jәne Soltýstik Qazaqstandy qamtyghan asharshylyq;

1931-1933 jyldar – Qazaqstandy týgel sharpyghan Úly asharshylyq.

Búl ashtyq qasireti jay ghana tabighy apat emes edi. Olar qazaq qoghamynyng әleumettik qúrylymyn kýiretip, halyqtyng demografiyalyq ósimin tejep, myndaghan otbasynyng shanyraghyn ortasyna týsirip, úrpaq sanasyna ýrey úyalatty.

JETISU BOSQYNShYLYGhY JÁNE TÝRKISTAN QASIRETI

1916 jylghy últ-azattyq kóterilisinen keyin Jetisu qazaq-qyrghyzdary patsha әskerining qughynyna úshyrap, Qytay asyp bosugha mәjbýr boldy. Búl kezeng qazaq tarihyndaghy eng auyr bosqynshylyqtardyng biri edi.

Sol zamannyng baspasózi halyq tragediyasyn ashyq jazyp otyrdy.

1917 jyly jaryq kórgen «Qazaq» gazetinde Múhamedjan Tynyshbaevtyng deregi keltiriledi:

«Qytay jerine bosqan qyrghyz-qazaqtyng sany 164 myng adam eken. Qyrylghany 83 myn, jerine qaytqany 69 myn, Qytay jerinde qalghany 12 myn». («Qazaq» gazeti, №237, 4 iili 1917).

Búl – bir ghana statistika emes. Búl – býtin bir halyqtyng kósh ýstinde qyrylghanynyng dәleli.

Sol kezende qazaq baspasózi bosqyndardyng qanday halge týskenin jasyrmay jazdy. «Saryarqa» gazetinde:

«Ashtyqtan bala satqan, tonalghan, shabylghan» - dep kórsetildi. («Saryarqa» gazeti, 1917).

Al 1918 jyly jariyalanghan «Ash-jalanash qazaq-qyrghyzgha jylu jinaytyn kamiytet ashyldy» atty Mirjaqyp Dulatúnyng «Madiyar» degen atpen jariyalaghan kólemdi maqalada sol kezenning eng auyr kórinisterin beredi. Onda:

«Adam bazary ashylyp, balanyng qúny bir shelek búidaygha shyqty»

dep jazyldy. Sonynda:

«Meyirimdi Alash!

Ruly eling qan jútyp túrghanda, sen may jútpa!

Atqa mingen azamat! Senderge el kerek júrt kerek bolsa, basshylyq qylyp, Alashty aman saqtau qamyna kirisinder!

- Namystan Alash!

- Jigerlen Alash!

- Tas bauyr bolma Alash!» dep, bosqyn qazaq-qyrghyzgha kómek beruge ýndeu joldaydy. («Saryarqa» gazeti, 1918).

Maqalada ashtyqtan bosqan elding jol boyynda qyrylyp jatqany, analardyng balalaryn qúshaqtap ólgeni, el ishinde adam etin jeu turaly qauesetter taraghany, jetim-jesirding kóbeygeni suretteledi.

Búl – jay publisistika emes. Búl – últtyq apattyng tikeley kuәligi.

TÝRKISTAN MEN SYRDARIYaDAGhY AShTYQ KÓRINISTERI

1918 jyly «Birlik tuy» gazetinde jariyalanghan «Aqmeshit qazaqtarynyng jәii» jazbada Syrdariya ónirindegi jaghdaydyng asa auyr bolghanyn kórsetedi.

Maqalada: «Aqmeshit tóniregindegi ash qazaqtar jas balalaryn, boy jetken qyz, jas әielderin sata bastady» - dep jazyldy. («Birlik tuy», 1918).

Tipti maqala avtory Ferghana jaqtan kelgen saudagerlerding qazaq qyzdaryn 50–100 somgha satyp alyp jatqanyn bayandaydy. Búl – ashtyqtyng tek ekonomikalyq emes, ruhany әri adamgershilik daghdarysqa ainalghanyn kórsetetin derekterding biri.

Al «Týrkistan qazaqtarynyng jәii» atty maqalada halyqtyng maldan tolyq aiyrylyp, bay men kedey arasynyng qatty ashylghany aitylady. Ash adamdardyng tiri qalu ýshin baylardyng malyn tartyp jeuge deyin barghany jazylady. Onda: «Jarly halyq arasynda ólim kóbeyip, kýnnen kýn qorqynysh ýdep barady» - dep kórsetilgen. («Birlik tuy», 1918).

Búl maqalalardyng ereksheligi – olar ashtyqty qúrghaq statistikamen emes, tiri әleumettik orta arqyly kórsetedi.

BATYS JÁNE SOLTÝSTIK QAZAQSTAN AShARShYLYGhY

1921–1922 jyldardaghy ashtyq Qazaqstannyng barlyq aimaghyn tolyq qamtyghan joq. Negizgi auyrtpalyq Batys jәne Soltýstik Qazaqstan ónirlerine týsti.

Alayda búl nәubetting auqymy óte auyr boldy. Jút, soghys saldary, sharuashylyq kýireui men indet halyqty tityqtatty.

1925 jyly Qyzylordada shyqqan «Qazaqstannyng 5 jyly» atty jinaqta: «1921–1922 jyldyng qysynda asharshylyqtyng kýsheygendigi sonday – adam etin jeushiler boldy» - dep jazyldy. («Qazaqstannyng 5 jyly», Qyzylorda, 1925. 15-16-better).

Sol kitapta: «Azap shekkenin kórgisi kelmey shesheleri ashyqqan balalaryn óz qoldarymen óltirgen retteri de bolghan» - degen súmdyq derek beriledi.

Búl – ashtyqtyng adam psihologiyasyn qanday shekke jetkizgenining dәleli.

AShTYQ PEN INDET

Ashtyq jalghyz kelmedi. Onyng sonynan júqpaly aurular tarady.

Júmaghaly Tileulin 1926 jyly shyqqan «Júqpaly nauqastar» atty enbeginde bylay jazady: «60 ýili auyldan 80 shamaly ólim bolghany bar» - dep kórsetedi. (Júmaghaly Tileuliyn. «Júqpaly nauqastar». Mәskeu, 1926. 36–37-better).

Sýzek, oba, tyrysqaq sekildi indetter ashyqqan halyq arasynda tez tarap, kóptegen auyldardyng shanyraghyn ortasyna týsirdi.

XX ghasyr basyndaghy ashtyqtar qazaq halqynyng tarihy jadynda óshpes jara qaldyrdy.

Búl qasiretter qazaq qoghamyn tek san jaghynan azaytqan joq. Ol halyqtyng әleumettik qúrylymyn daghdarysqa úshyratyp, dәstýrli sharuashylyqty kýiretti, myndaghan jetim men jesir qaldyrdy.

Biraq qazaq baspasózi sol zamannyng shyndyghyn jasyryp qalmady. «Qazaq», «Saryarqa», «Birlik tuy», «Aq jol», «Enbekshil qazaq» sekildi basylymdar halyqtyng múnyn, zaryn, kóz jasyn qaghazgha týsirip, býgingi úrpaqqa tarihy kuәlik qaldyrdy.

Degenmen, 1931-1933 jyldardaghy ashtyq turaly sol mezgildegi baspasózde aitylmady.

Biz qolda bar materiyaldardy paydalana otyryp, alghashqy eki retki ashtyq turaly últtyq baspasózde jazylghan matariyaldargha shaghyn sholu jasadyq...

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